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    Phase Transformation Lab

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    Ritik Kumar Chaurasia
    slides related to steel metallurgy like change in phase, processing of steel formation and a lot of metallurgical work.

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    Phase Transformation Lab

    Uploaded by

    Ritik Kumar Chaurasia
    40 views10 pages
    slides related to steel metallurgy like change in phase, processing of steel formation and a lot of metallurgical work.

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    Heat treatment slides

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    slides related to steel metallurgy like change in phase, processing of steel formation and a lot of metallurgical work.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views10 pages

    Phase Transformation Lab

    Uploaded by

    Ritik Kumar Chaurasia
    slides related to steel metallurgy like change in phase, processing of steel formation and a lot of metallurgical work.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Phase transformation Lab

    by-
    Ritik kumar- 511118042
    4th Semester
    Department- Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
    IIEST, Shibpur
    0.55 wt. % Carbon steel water and oil quenched from 830 degree Celsius.
    • 0.55 wt. % C steel is a hypoeutectoid steel. According to • TTT diagram of 0.55 wt.% C steel quenched from 830 degree Celsius.
    equilibrium phase diagram it contains approximately 68%
    A- water quenching, B- oil quenching.
    pearlite and 32% proeutectoid ferrite. In our case it is
    quenched from 830 degree Celsius. As quenching is a very
    rapid cooling process so it is basically a non equilibrium
    cooling. So the phases will be non equilibrium phase. The
    phase that forms mainly depends upon our rate of cooling
    and amount of carbon present.
    • In case of non equilibrium rapid cooling of steel
    Martensite phase forms. Which is very hard and brittle in
    nature. It is a diffusionless transformation so
    transformation occur by shear force.
    • Type of martensite which forms depends upon amount of
    carbon content and amount of martensite form will
    depend upon our rate of cooling.
    • Here we have 0.55 wt.% carbon steel and we are
    performing quenching in two types of media. One in oil
    and second in water. so, oil quenching is a relatively slow
    cooling rate process than water cooling because heat
    conductivity of oil is less than water.
    • So, in case of o.55wt.% C lath martensite will from. And oil
    quenching is a slower cooling process so amount of
    retained austenite will be lesser in amount than water
    quenching.
    Microstructure
    Oil quenched Water quenched

    Magnification: 500X Magnification: 500X

    Magnification: 1000X Magnification: 1000X


    Difference in properties
    Properties Oil quenched Water quenched

    Cooling rate Faster Slower

    Undercooling Less More

    Size of martensite Larger Smaller

    Shape of martensite Thicker and blunt Thinner

    Amount of retained austenite More Less

    Hardness Less More

    Distance between lath martensite more Less


    0.8 wt. % Carbon steel annealed and normalized from 800
    degree Celsius.

    • 0.8wt.% is eutectoid composition. At this


    composition after equilibrium cooling
    austenite transforms to pearlite.
    • Here we are cooling our sample from
    800 degree Celsius with different cooling
    rate. Annealing is also called furnace
    cooling and normalizing is air cooling.
    • In annealing rate of cooling is slower
    than normalizing.
    • Annealing is mainly very slow cooling so
    it is equilibrium cooling.
    • As the rate of cooling is different so we
    will get different properties of steel in
    these two cooling rate.
    Microstructure
    Annealed Normalized

    Magnification: 500X Magnification: 500X

    Magnification: 1000X Magnification: 1000X


    Difference in properties
    Properties Annealed Normalized

    Cooling rate slower Faster

    No of pearlite colonies Less more

    Size of pearlite colonies Coarser Finer

    Interlamellar spacing High low

    Hardness Low High


    0.8 wt. % Carbon steel oil and water quenched from 800 degree Celsius.
    • TTT diagram

    • Quenching is a very rapid cooling process. We quench


    our sample in different different medium. For ex- oil,
    water etc.
    • As it is a very rapid process so it is non equilibrium
    cooling. We can not determine phases from equilibrium
    phase diagram.
    • Phase transformation occur at very lower temperature
    so that there is not enough time for diffusion so that
    phase forms with help of shearing.
    • Austenite converts into very hard and brittle phase
    martensite. In case of 0.8 wt.% C steel both lath and
    plate martensite forms.
    • Amount of phases forms will depend upon rate of
    cooling and amount of carbon.
    Microstructure
    Oil quenched Water quenched

    Magnification: 500X Magnification: 500X

    Magnification: 1000X Magnification: 1000X


    Difference in properties
    Properties Oil quenched Water quenched

    Cooling rate Slower Faster

    Martensite Both plate and lath martensite Both plate and lath martensite

    Size of martensite Coarser finer

    Edges of martensite Blunt sharp

    Volume fraction of retained More Less


    austenite

    Hardness Lower Higher

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