Safety Data Sheet

1. Identification

Product Name: Crude Oil (Sweet)

Chemical Family: Petroleum Hydrocarbon Mixture
Manufacturers Name: Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation
Address: 1700 Broadway, Suite 2300
Denver, Colorado 80290
Product Use: Feedstock for petroleum and petrochemical refining.
Phone Number for Information: (303) 837-1661
Emergency Phone Number: (800) 424-9300 (Chemtrec)

Crude oil is a complex mixture of paraffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons covering
carbon numbers ranging from C1 to over C60. It is amber to black in color. Crude oil contains small
amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds as well as trace amounts of heavy metals.

2. Hazard Identification

Crude oil is extremely flammable and can cause eye, skin, gastrointestinal, and respiratory irritation.
Inhalation may cause dizziness, nausea, or headache. More serious health effects can occur if crude oil
in inhaled or swallowed.

Crude oil may contain variable amounts of benzene and n-hexane. Long-term exposure to these
materials has been shown to lead to systemic toxicity such leukemia and peripheral neurotoxicity.

DANGER!
FLAMMABLE LIQUID

MAY CONTAIN BENZENE WHICH CAN CAUSE CANCER OR BE TOXIC TO BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS.
ASPIRATION OF LIQUID INTO THE LUNGS CAN PRODUCE CHEMICAL PNEUMONIA OR EVEN DEATH.

NO SMOKING!
KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT/SPARKS/OPEN FLAMES/HOT SURFACES. WEAR PROTECTIVE GLOVES,
CLOTHING AND EYE WEAR WHEN HANDLING. AVOID RELEASE INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.

Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Information

Physical Hazards Classification

Flammable Liquids, Category 2

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Health Hazards Classification
Acute Toxicity (Skin/Dermal), Category 3
Skin Corrosion/irritation, Category 2
Serious eye damage/eye irritation, Category 2a
Carcinogenicity, Category 1B
Specific Target organ toxicity – single exposure, Category 3 (narcotic effects)
Specific Target organ toxicity – repeated exposure, Category 2 (bone marrow, liver, thymus)
Aspiration hazard, Category 1

Environmental Hazards Classification

Acute Toxicity to the aquatic environment, Category 3
Chronic Toxicity to the aquatic environment, Category 3

GHS Label Information

Symbols:
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Precautionary Statements:
Physical Hazards Prevention
Flammable liquid and vapor Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces – no smoking
Keep container tightly closed
Health Hazards Ground/bond container and receiving equipment
May cause cancer Use explosion proof electrical/ventilation/lighting equipment
May be fatal if swallowed Use only non-sparking tools
and enters airways Take precautionary measures against static discharge
Causes eye irritation Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face
May cause drowsiness or protection
dizziness Obtain special instructions before use
May cause damage to Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and
organs through prolonged or understood
repeated exposure Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Causes mild skin irritation Do not breathe vapors
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
Environmental Hazards Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
Harmful to aquatic life Avoid release to the environment
Harmful to aquatic life with Response
long lasting effects IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin
with water/shower
In case of fire: use appropriate extinguishing media
If exposed or concerned: Get medical attention or advice
IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove
contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

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 If irritation persists get medical advice/attention
IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position
comfortable for breathing.
Collect spillage
IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a poison control center or
doctor/physician
Do not induce vomiting
Storage
Store locked up
Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
Disposal
Dispose of contents/container in accordance with
local/regional/national/international regulations

3. Composition/Information on Ingredients
COMPOSITION CAS NUMBER PERCENT
Crude Oil 8002-05-9 100
May Contain Variable Amounts of:
Natural Gas 8005-14-2 ---
Benzene 71-43-2 ---
N-Hexane 110-54-3 ---

4. First Aid Measures

Eye Contact
Immediately flush eyes while holding eyelids open, with large amounts of clean, low-pressure tepid
water for at least 15 minutes. If symptoms, irritation or injury persists, worsen or develop, seek medical
attention.
Skin Contact
Remove contaminated clothing/shoes, wipe excess from skin. Immediately flush skin with water for 15
minutes then wash with soap and water. If illness or adverse symptoms develop or irritation persists,
seek medial attention. Discard contaminated leather goods.
Inhalation
Remove victim to fresh air and provide oxygen if breathing labored, shallow, or difficult. Rescuer must
wear appropriate supplied air respirator to remove worker from contaminated area to fresh air. Give
artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Seek medical attention immediately*.
Ingestion
Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs spontaneously, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration
of liquid into the lungs. Seek medical attention.*
Note to Physician
*If more than 2.0 ML per KG has been ingested and emesis has not occurred, vomiting should be
induced with supervision. Keep victim's head below hips to prevent aspiration. If symptoms such as
loss of gag reflex, convulsions or unconsciousness occur before emesis, gastric lavage using a cuffed
endotracheal tube should be considered.

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Aggravated Medical Conditions
Preexisting eye, skin, and respiratory disorders may be aggravated by exposure to crude oil.

5. Fire-Fighting Measures
Extinguishing Media
For small fires, class B fire extinguishing media can be used. Use water fog, foam, dry chemical or
CO2. Do not use a direct stream of water. Product will float and can be reignited on surface of water.

Special Fire Fighting Procedures and Precautions

Warning: Flammable. Clear fire area of unprotected personnel. Do not enter confined fire space
without full bunker gear (helmet with face shield, bunker coats, gloves and rubber boots) including a
positive pressure NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Cool containers
exposed to fire with water.

Unusual Fire Explosion Hazards

Container exposed to intense heat from fires should be cooled with water to prevent vapor pressure
buildup which could result in container rupture (bleve). Container areas exposed to direct flame contact
should be cooled with large quantities of water as needed to prevent weakening of container structure.
Sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide, both of which are toxic, may be released upon combustion.

NFPA Ratings
Health – 2
Flammability – 3
Reactivity – 0
Other – 0

Key: Least-0; Slight-1; Moderate-2; High-3; Extreme-4

6. Accidental Release Measures

Keep the public away. Isolate and evacuate the area. Eliminate all ignition sources. Handling
equipment must be grounded or bonded to prevent sparking.

*** Large Spills*** Evacuate the hazard area of unprotected personnel. Wear appropriate respirator
and protective clothing. Shut off source of leak only if safe to do so. Dike and contain with sand or soil.
If vapor cloud forms, water fog may be used to suppress. Contain run-off. Remove with vacuum trucks
or pump to storage/salvage vessels. Soak up residue with an absorbent such as clay, sand or other
suitable material; place in non-leaking containers for proper disposal. Flush area with water to remove
trace residue and dispose of flush solutions as above.
*** Small Spills*** Take up with an absorbent material and place in non-leaking containers; seal
tightly for proper disposal.

7. Handling and Storage

Comply with all regulatory requirements. Store in suitable tanks or closed, labeled containers in a cool,
well-ventilated area.

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Keep liquid and vapor away from heat, sparks and flame. Surfaces that are sufficiently hot may even
ignite liquid product in the absence of sparks or flame. Extinguish pilot lights, cigarettes and turn off
other sources of ignition prior to use and until all vapors have been dispersed. Containers, even those
that have been emptied, can contain explosive vapors. Do not cut, drill, grind, weld or perform similar
operations on or near containers. Static electricity may accumulate and create a fire hazard. Ground
fixed equipment. Bond and ground transfer containers and equipment.
Wash hands with soap and water before eating, drinking, smoking or using toilet facilities. Launder
contaminated clothing before reuse. Dispose of leather articles including shoes which cannot be
decontaminated.

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Occupational Exposure Limits
COMPONENT OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV TWA
Crude Oil 400 ppm *** Not available
Natural Gas Not available Not available
Hexane 500 ppm 500 ppm/STEL 1000 ppm
Benzene 1 ppm**/STEL 5 ppm 0.5 ppm
Notes:
** OSHA’s action level is 0.5 ppm (29 CFR 1910.1028)
*** Listed PEL was vacated in 1993
Engineering Controls
Maintain air concentrations below flammable limits and occupational exposure standards for chemical
components by using ventilation and other engineering controls.
Personal Protective Equipment
Eye/Face Protection
Use safety glasses, chemical splash goggles and/or a face shield as appropriate to prevent eye contact.
Skin Protection
Wear chemical resistant gloves and other protective clothing, as required, to minimize skin contact. Test
data from published literature and/or glove and clothing manufacturers indicate suitable protection is
provided by neoprene or nitrile gloves.
Respiratory Protection
Use NIOSH approved respiratory protection as required to prevent overexposure to oil mist and vapor.
Do not enter storage compartments unless equipped with a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing
apparatus with a full face-piece operated in a positive pressure mode.
Protective Clothing
Wear chemical resistant gloves and other protective clothing, as required, to minimize skin contact. Use
safety glasses or chemical splash goggles to prevent eye contact. Test data from published literature
and/or glove and clothing manufacturers indicate suitable protection is provided by neoprene or nitrile
gloves.

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9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance and Odor: Black, dark green or yellow liquid; strong hydrocarbon and possible sulfur
odor.
pH: Neutral
Melting Point/freezing point: Not available
Boiling Point: <100°F
Flash Point and Method: <60°F to >200°F / Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Evaporation Rate: Slower (N-Butyl Acetate =1)
Flammable Limits: (approximate % Volume in air) Lower: 1.0 Upper: 7.0
Vapor Pressure: 0-724 mm Hg
Specific Gravity: 0.7-1.0 (H2O=1.0)
Vapor Density 1.5-3.0 (Air=1)
Solubility: Slight (in water)
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): 2-6
Auto ignition temperature >500 °F
Decomposition temperature Not available
Viscosity Not available

10. Stability and Reactivity

Stability: Stable
Hazardous polymerization: Will not occur
Conditions and Materials to Avoid: Avoid heat, sparks, flame and contact with strong oxidizing
agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Thermal decomposition products are highly dependent on the
combustion conditions. A complex mixture of airborne, solid, liquid, particulates and gases will evolve
when this material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion. Carbon monoxide and other unidentified organic
compounds may be formed upon combustion.

11. Toxicological Information

Acute toxicity - Ingestion may cause irritation of the mouth, throat & gastrointestinal tract leading to
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and restlessness. Vapors can be harmful or fatal if inhaled. Exposure may
result in central nervous system (CNS) depression. Early to moderate CNS depression may be
evidenced by giddiness, headache, dizziness and nausea; in extreme cases, unconsciousness and death
may occur.

Skin corrosion/irritation - Based on the presence of light hydrocarbons, crude oil is presumed to be
moderately irritating to the skin. Prolonged and repeated contact may cause various skin disorders such
as dermatitis, folliculitis, oil acne, or skin tumors.

Eye damage/irritation - Based on the presence of light hydrocarbons, crude oil is presumed to be
moderately irritating to the eyes.

Sensitization - Not known to cause respiratory or skin sensitization

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Germ cell mutagenicity – Information not available

Carcinogenicity – May contain benzene which is a confirmed human carcinogen (leukemia). Also,
several long term skin painting studies in experimental animals have shown crude oil to produce skin
cancer.

Reproductive toxicity – Not a known reproductive toxin

Specific Target Organs/Systemic Toxicity – Blood/bone marrow, nervous system, respiratory system,
eyes

Aspiration hazard – Aspiration of this product into the lungs can cause chemical pneumonia and can be
fatal. Aspiration can occur while vomiting after ingestion of this product. Aspiration pneumonitis may
be evidenced by coughing, labored breathing and cyanosis (bluish skin); in severe cases death may
occur.

12. Ecological Information

Coating action of oil can kill birds, plankton, algae and fish. Keep out of all bodies of water and sewage
drainage systems.

13. Disposal Considerations

This product, as produced, is not specifically listed as an EPA RCRA hazardous waste according to 40
CFR 261. However, when disposed of, it may meet the criteria of a “characteristic” hazardous waste
(e.g. D001 – ignitable). This product could also contain benzene and could be considered hazardous
because it exhibits the characteristic of “toxicity.” It is the responsibility of the user to determine if the
material is considered hazardous for disposal under federal, state and local regulations.

14. Transportation Information

Department of Transportation Classification: Flammable liquid if flash point <200°F.

D.O.T. proper shipping name: Crude Oil Petroleum
Other Requirements: UN 1267
Hazard Class: 3
Packing Group II

15. Regulatory Information

TSCA This product is listed on the TSCA chemical inventory.

SARA Section 302 This product does not contain any components on the EPA’s extremely hazardous
substance list.

SARA Section 304 This product may contain the following component(s) which in the event of a spill
may be subject to SARA reporting requirements: toluene, xylene, hexane, benzene.

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SARA Section 311/312 The following hazard categories apply to this product:
Acute health hazard
Chronic health hazard
Fire hazard

SARA Section 313 This product may contain the following component(s) which may be subject to
reporting on a toxic release inventory: toluene, xylene, hexane, benzene.

EPA-CWA Spills into or leading to surface waters that cause a sheen must be reported to the National
Response Center, 800-424-8802.

16. Other Information

Date Prepared: August 29, 2008

Revised: October 30, 2013
Last Reviewed: October 30, 2013

Disclaimer:

The information and recommendations contained in this SDS are believed to be accurate at the date of
its preparation. Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation makes no representations or warranties, express or
implied, with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Whiting Oil
and Gas Corporation assumes no responsibility for incorrect handling or use of the product or the
inherent hazards in the product itself.

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