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Local Area Network: Suhail Q. Mir

1. In 1985, the IEEE started Project 802 to set standards for local area network (LAN) protocols and the physical and data link layers. 2. A LAN is a private network that interconnects devices within a limited geographic area like a building or campus to enable information exchange. 3. Key LAN elements include transmission methods like unicast, multicast, and broadcast, addressing using MAC addresses, and topologies like star, ring, bus, tree, and hybrid configurations.

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85 views24 pages

Local Area Network: Suhail Q. Mir

1. In 1985, the IEEE started Project 802 to set standards for local area network (LAN) protocols and the physical and data link layers. 2. A LAN is a private network that interconnects devices within a limited geographic area like a building or campus to enable information exchange. 3. Key LAN elements include transmission methods like unicast, multicast, and broadcast, addressing using MAC addresses, and topologies like star, ring, bus, tree, and hybrid configurations.

Uploaded by

Suhail Qadir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOCAL AREA NETWORK

SUHAIL Q. MIR
[email protected]

MSc. IT
Directorate of Information Technology & Support Systems
University of Kashmir
IEEE STANDARDS

In 1985, the Computer Society of the Institute of Electrical and


Electronics Engineers (IEEE) started a project, called Project
802, to set standards to enable intercommunication among
equipment from a variety of manufacturers. Project 802 is a
way of specifying functions of the physical layer and the data
link layer of major LAN protocols.
Local Area Network

LAN is a private network that interconnects a variety of devices


and provides a means for information exchange among those
devices.
Local Area Networks or LANs are usually confined to a limited
geographic area, such as a single building or a college
campus. LANs can be small, linking as few as three computers,
but can often link hundreds of computers used by thousands of
people.
LAN connected to Internet
Key elements of Internet
LAN transmission Categories

1. Unicast 2. Multicast

3. Broadcast
LAN Addressing
Media Access Control (MAC) addresses identify network devices in LANs.

The first six hexadecimal digits, which are administered by the IEEE, identify
the manufacturer or vendor and comprise the organizational unique identifier
(OUI).
The last six hexadecimal digits comprise the Network interface card Specific

Also known as physical address or Ethernet Address

FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF Broadcast address


LAN Topoligies

Star Topology

All stations are


attached by cable to a
central point, usually a
wiring hub or other
device operating in a
similar function.
LAN Topologies

Ring Topology

IBM Token Ring


(IEEE 802.5)

Fiber Data Distributed


Interface (FDDI) Ring

FDDI provides a 100 Mbit/s


optical standard for data
transmission
Logical

Physical
LAN Topologies
Bus Topology

Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)


best represents this topology

• Transmission propagates throughout


medium Heard by all stations
— Need to identify target station
— Each station has unique address
• Full duplex connection between station and tap
— Allows for transmission and reception
• Need to regulate transmission
— To avoid collisions
• Data in small blocks
- frames
• Terminator absorbs frames at end of medium
LAN Topologies

Tree Topology
The tree topology is a logical extension of the bus topology and could be
described as multiple interconnected bus networks
When a topology is comprised of two or
Hybrid Topology more different topologies it is referred to as
a hybrid topology. Hybrid topologies
are most-commonly encountered in
larger enterprises where individual
departments have network topologies that
different from another topology in the
organization
ETHERNET

The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox’s


Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Since then, it has
gone through four generations.
Ethernet is the most popular physical layer LAN
technology in use today. It defines the number of
conductors that are required for a connection, the
performance thresholds that can be expected, and
provides the framework for data transmission
Ethernet evolution through four generations
Categories of Standard Ethernet
10Base5 implementation
10Base2 implementation
10Base-T implementation
10Base-F implementation
Other Implementations
Collision domains in an unbridged network and a bridged network
Switched Ethernet
Full-duplex switched Ethernet

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