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IMAGE Compression& File Formats

1. There are three categories of image compression: text conversion, vectorization, and image compression. 2. Image compression techniques include lossless compression like run-length encoding and lossy compression like sub-sampling and quantization. 3. Common image file formats include JPEG, PNG, TIFF, BMP, and PCX, each with different compression techniques, metadata standards, and file extensions.

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Suhail Qadir
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37 views43 pages

IMAGE Compression& File Formats

1. There are three categories of image compression: text conversion, vectorization, and image compression. 2. Image compression techniques include lossless compression like run-length encoding and lossy compression like sub-sampling and quantization. 3. Common image file formats include JPEG, PNG, TIFF, BMP, and PCX, each with different compression techniques, metadata standards, and file extensions.

Uploaded by

Suhail Qadir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMAGE COMPRESSION & FILE FORMATS

SUHAIL Q. MIR
[email protected]

MSc. IT
Directorate of Information Technology & Support Systems
University of Kashmir
Image Compression ?

Three categories

(Text Conversion)Text in document Images may be


converted from raster to ASCII
(Vectorization) Line Art may be vectorized using
mathematical formulae. Raster to Vector

Bitonal and Continuous tonal still images can be digitized


and encoded using a variety of established Algorithms
Segmentation
(Characters, words, sentences, or Paragraphs)
Paragraph
Segmentation
Word Segmentation
Obama Character
Segmentation

Obama m
Compression
2. Vectorization
Compression
2. Vectorization
3. Image Compression

Two Techniques

Loss Less Image Compression


Lossy Compression
Lossless Image Compression

If the compression and decompression processes induce no information loss,


the compression scheme is lossless; otherwise, it is lossy.
Run-Length Encoding
1 Dimensional

2 Dimensional

Loss Less Image Compression (Run Length


Encoding 1D and 2D)
Lossy Image Compression

Reduction Irrelevant Information + Loss less Compression

Two Techniques :

Reduction of Resolution (Sub-Sampling)

Coarser Description of Each Sample (Quantization)


Lossy Image Compression
Reduction of Resolution (Sub-Sampling)

Th qck brn fx jmpd ovr th lz dg


Lossy Image Compression
Reduction of Resolution (Sub-Sampling)

Th qck brn fx jmpd ovr th lz dg


Lossy Image Compression
Coarser Description of Each Sample (Quantization)
Fractal Compression
A fractal is a never-ending pattern.
In Images A fractal is a natural phenomenon or a
mathematical set that exhibits a repeating pattern at
different scales. This property is called as “Self
Similarity.” Although Fractals are very complex, they
are made by repeating a simple process.
Some Examples
Some IMAGE File Formats

Filename extension .jpg, .jpeg, .jpe .jif, .jfif, .jfi

Magic Number : ff d8 ff
The Rate at which the Pixels are changing
The Rate at which the Pixels are changing
The Rate at which the Pixels are changing
Spatial Domain Frequency Domain
Magic Number : GIF87a/GIF89a
LOSS LESS DATA COMPRESSION
TIFF
is a computer image file format for storing raster graphics images.

The format was originally created by the company Aldus for use
in desktop publishing. Aldus was later acquired by Adobe.

File name extension : .tiff, .tif


TIFF is a flexible, adaptable file format for handling images and data
within a single file. A TIFF file can be a container
holding JPEG (lossy) and PackBits (lossless) compressed images. A
TIFF file also can include a vector-based clipping path (outlines,
croppings, image frames).

PackBits is a fast, simple lossless compression scheme for run-length encoding of data.
Apple introduced the PackBits format with the release of MacPaint on the Macintosh computer.
MAGIC NUMBER

generated by ExifTool
PNG
is a raster graphics file format that supports lossless data
compression.
PNG was created as an improved, non-patented
replacement for Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), and is
the most used lossless image compression format on the
Internet

PNG supports palette-based images (with palettes of 24-


bit RGB or 32-bit RGBA colors and grayscale images

Supports Interlacing

File type Extension : .PNG


The PNG image viewed with a hex editor
Jpeg vs PNG
WINDOWS BITMAP : .BMP

The BMP file format, also known as bitmap image file or


device independent bitmap (DIB) file format or simply a
bitmap, is a raster graphics image file format used to
store bitmap digital images.
Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems.

Filename extension .bmp, .dib

LOSS LESSS COMPRESSION


Magic number
PCX
PCX, standing for Personal Computer Exchange, is
an image file format developed by the now-
defunct ZSoft .
It was the native file format for PC Paintbrush and
became one of the first widely accepted DOS imaging
standards,
PCX files commonly stored palette-indexed images
ranging from 2 or 4 colors to 16 and 256 colors, although
the format has been extended to record true-color (24-
bit) images as well.

LOSS LESSS COMPRESSION

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