)YNAMICS TOENITAN RIAWATCD LECTURE NO.: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PAGE NO: / 25. = fréssure— Enthally (Ph) Chart - Te mast Convenrent chart for Stusling tle babowi'or $ a vyrigevant (s tle poh Chart (nwhich bbe Vey tical ordi nate represent pressure anel hor, 2ental acdinakes (etre Senk enkholpy = /ypes of Vapour Compression Cycles = = ee We have alreaty dircussed that u Vapour Compression cycle. essentially Consists of Compression, Condensation , thre thling anal evaporatjoy Hany scientists have focusseol their attention to Increase the Coefficient of Performance of the Cycle- Though there PREPARED BY ABD AL- SATAR HAMID HUSSEINTHERMODYNAMICS TEI TAT AD ELATED LECTURE NO.: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ave many cycles. vet the Lilowiny ove important from the. Subject Pout ef view- le Cyole. with olvy satuvatedt Vapour of fey Comores ion, a ~ wet vapour after ComPression. Superhentest Yopou after ComPresnon. 2 « before 2 Unclercooling or Subeasling of vefrigeranck . 1- Vapour Compression Cycle With dy Sakucoked vatour after Com pression. TA Processest t—e 2 Compreshion Qrocess Why = Pe Peo ah ey 2Z—+3; Conclemsing Precess heat yejecteel =< Qo lu—hr wD BET cen if IS RET AES ere Sg J Sg 3-4: Exfausion Process CEnott ling Process) My hey i hy cheat Perad for Exfausion Process using Exfansion Valve ova epillary baled 4--1' VaPor/sing Process a callivess aPefrisevating Cffed — hi-h e he ha , ays Aas Cor Leer tind Eee al PREPARED BY ABD AL-SATAR HAMID HUSSEINYYNAMICS TEED RATT MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PAGE Be Vapour Compression Cycle with Superheated vapour after Compression b= 7 T Sx ie A Vapour Compression vefrigerartor Uses methyl chlorite (Rds) ancl ofereting between temperature hnuts of —lo% avol 4g &. At entry te the Compressor, the vefvigeyant is oby Sotuvadet ancl offer mre esston it ae at temerakune of bo. Pinel the CoP of vefirgaetor. — P, Teads-eter— hy hy Sp Ss fe 45-4. 460-7... 0-183... 632 4s 133 483.6 0-485 1-587 Seokes ~ S285 = Gen Se=Si¢GhBeS 516372158946 hn 4Z DB Grlheo7 azine hye hz +s Puxene of Supevherbeg = 4886 1-09 (333-213) =See = PREPARED BY ABD AL- SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN(ODYNAMICS TOMNITAN RAVI? LECTURE NO, ECHANICAL ENGINEERIL = 3-44 4. Vapour Comgression Cycle Ukh Sucevheated Vagos beheve Compression & — superheaking surerheahing ¥ =h 5+ Vapour ComPress/en Cycle With Undeycxeling o¥ Subcoclivg of Refrizerant. T PREPARED BY ABD Al: SATAR HAMID HUSSEINTHERMODYNAMICS TERT KIAVIATC? LECTURE NO. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PaGENO: [4Z = Sovle or Byayton Yelk te « Costar Pressare Gyeren or in this eck. heal Supt omel heat rejection Processes occur versibly at Constant Pressure “The €2Pansion owmsl Smpression Precess— es are isentropic. Thy cycle was at one Lire used as the soleal! ba] sis fra hot-air recipracativg engine. (Heater ato 3 Oy as a Het sueelfer! Qe Heat rejected — Frocessg L—+2 Cackabatic reversible Comevession) Pye 32 4W+ 20445 32.444 + Ee Enon nag nue Op AER Leo 9S Werk inguk be Somevesser = hi his &¢N-h) frocess; 2»? & Gostant Pressure heat addition n Pre 82, hit 2 4]. = 3%, 4 41G 40 a OO tsa OE, nicl TES a ot heat Supplied. bo heater =hz hi = Cpl GK) Processi¢ 3s 4... cadialegbte vurwsiele .2x¢fansisny Piro. 3% the th Gtk -8 ty thyt ae Grw Gxt, GeG Joo Workoutfut from tu tub. = hy-hy = GCG — TA) PREPARED BY ABD AL-SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN[ODYNAMICS TONED ETA VIATC? LECTURE NO. : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Rocesssy—s| « @nstont. Pressure heat rejected» Poe Feu Wat LG = Je +l te baw Bing Be org Cy Ley MM ss heat yejectec! in cooley = h,—hy = &CT-T4) for Pasitive..value Werk. Comp. = hihi = 9% CRT) heat Yejected = hy-h, = Y(qq- 7) thermal effics ony = @ ., G%-T) _ @UB- %) =! oo Raye fee-Py Pa es a" A& = Th) s let Bay = Pressure vee — xt ies ga Teg cane OB on nhl Efe Ipod PREPARED BY ABD AL- SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN(ODYNAMICS FT UMTEATAT RTARTA? LECTURE NO. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ua— iT sl ON nn, Ny aly ] jp. LG) laste ee Oke to ere / ip Wark vakio = Net wovle . Wh. Went _ Gress worle we fibad ms ANOS peas STEN wt wr @CR-G) eee a-W = Ty _ wk Fee yt dpe ws heey 0% =e fhe. h- - v ae 2 2° Re PREPARED BY ABD AL-SATAR HAMID HUSSEINTHERMODYNAMICS TETTATONTD KTAWIATICD LECTURE NO. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPART! PAGE EX8 Tro gas turbine unit aiv s's Mann ja at for bar ancl 15 ome Compressed to 612 bar. Colculake ALL thermal effi Cy omol Werle vate of the soles Comgrank Wessun cycte with he wakinur temtevakare Sol. Ye Po = 6-12 = aie _ 1 fa = 8B a ee ts Bee S. “Tmax 2 Ty = Boos => WR= o SSE Wrek = GOH Te) - $OR-T) a hkees (le %-647) — soos (48) -284) 5 238 ai} Ss Whrass = Ce Te - Ta) = hows (fs 7-643) = 452 a) Py wor = Week 2a aw St, ‘Bess 432 RIS 4UPP = 2b4 kp Ga Boea2e7s slots. Kk PREPARED BY ABD Al- SATAR HAMID HUSSEINYNAMICS TEEN RAVI? MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Ex. 4 In an air Stara Brayton cycle theair enters the Compresrorat 0.) Mpa, + Be Pressure Leasing Che Compoeiger ps leo Has anette mastinum tenperabare inthe Cycle tS IJoot Determine | I-The Pressane anol temp. at each Point mike Yele- 2- Be Compressor Woyk ~ turbine work, heat aslolec/ avel tat 4 es Sole é “ Bolt a =D Fez (ise2gs)e OT) 560k i Weng. = ha by = GOTT) brows (566-284) = 264-8. by & Wes Ws Mas (G-TH) 5 The Wee cs 1395 k e ‘ 28S ci ap Ga He 8k We = loos C13 #3 ~ Flood) = 66S+5 Kerli Wret = Wr Wag = 65 5= 269.2 = $961 hg dealt = hy he GOG-Te) 2 hoor (13 Fa -SSO) = 82s ¥3| PREPARED BY ABD Al: SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN(ODYNAMICS TUNRETATOT RAVI? LECTURE NO.: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT —_ otto Cycle. Sek Constant Volume Sete in Te atte cycle ts pha jolea! air Standlarel “y cle far-tle fetros engine gas engine, ansl the hyyf— Speed oi enghe- if gp Pil pXre : 4 ma Yaa aha he fe % Ve = clevance Volume > Vs = Swett Volume Process: 1—» 2. Tsentre pyc. Compression» Qz0) Qew pA 2 —p Qro ap wap = OCT) Process 2-23 (Leverfible Corstank Valume Went asldeal Qews+ ,wee = Qsbus VCOG-K) Process Qo 4... Bentyopre Exfargion Qeweht = Qro —pwe-dus WRT) Recess del eveysible. Corstak Velume leak cegedign QeWwe4bu wero se Qebus a7) for Rsy€cve. Nalue s Whang = OCR-T) Qrjg = & CTT) PREPARED BY ABD AL- SATAR HAMID HUSSEINTHERMODYNAMICS TORO RAVINE? LECTURE NO. ERING DEPARTMENT re Mo _ Swept Volume + Clearance Volume ee CV eormance Velune _ eb wok = He “frewbaclelesl @( T4- Tr) SST Te) T4-T Cat Ex.6 Calculate the jofeal air Stavolayol thermal efficieny of ots Cyole Pro pedal engine with o CY lnole bars of Town od «strech of. Fo ww.amel. clearer Volume of also Bal it Swerl Volume = area of borex Stree a. Seta = HSS Poo SAY. 2.26... Owed Yo we AAR 2S Ols Z. are el ose PREPARED BY ABD AL- SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN|ODYNAMICS TUT ETATOTD RIA GTA LECTURE NO.: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT pageno: PUY Ex. ® Th an air Standard otte Cele the maximum onel minimum Cemperabure are l4oo t ancl Is & + The heat supplicd per ky of aw ss Sooks. Calculate the Compression veble ansk the thermal efficiency. Giculate also Chx ratio of maximum te Bee minimum Pressure inthe Cycle- . QyemG(T-T) 9 Geitooe 216K ee ee TR) =p he sSSZ.ek ot S59 2 -<, co a a DWE Ser Th — ‘ - = = 0-48? PREPARED BY ABD AL- SATAR HAMID HUSSEINIcs TEN TATO EIAVTATIC?: LECTURE NO. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PAGENO: 150 — Diesel Gele:- This cycle fs an. imPortant on which al the liese/ eng ines Work. Té is also known as Constout Pxegsure Cycle as heat Is yeceivet at a constant fressure- . Process |—>2 3 Loentropre Compression Qaw + du » @Qrzo Wee bu 2-0UR-T) = GO T-%) Process 2—»8 3 flovertible Constant Pressure peatry Qewt bU..=. 4 CTZ. Tr) TLsewhve Pic erfangion Procegs 3 & Qeo =O Ws -bus-G(G-G) Qaw+W, wee GCG --Ta) Process del» Levers ble Constant Volume. hentrng- QeW + Wo, Wee NEC ed Qe aud CQ-&) PREPARED BY ABD AL-SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN[AMICS TET NAVIN? PAG Ist |ANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT LECTURE NO. 'Sentrepi'c 3 y el Ges Gx HP a Tas Ge (BE) « \ i _ ve © “ue Be Be GG) Re Sub. ee mm ey Cr) get iE een — Vi ¥ Tae eee) CE) ) = hn Le cl 3 VM TT Ni ars YT, Seth) ap T= he (a) Nhe nae iG oe eG %+ (EC) — bh) PREPARED BY ABD Al SATAR HAMID HUSSEINTHERMODYNAMICS FUNEATATENTD RIAA Is2 LECTURE NO.: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT < (f-1) ———— CB -8 oe “ Cp-1) ¥ wy PREPARED BY ABD AL- SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN[AMICS TEE TAOT RAVI? LECTURE NO. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Bixnte Qn engine Uses aivas a workly Substance, ok the begining of ComPression the Pressure {5 Zo tye mel tle bea, 'S 408 + During the adiabatic Compression th. Volume. ts rectucesl Go ont. ~Sixtbnrh, of ves Volume oct he begining of Gomgvession Stroke Heat (5 Kher ouddlee! at Constant Presgure anti) the beme {5 l4coe . Te skvok ts Completes! bey aciabat te eatfansion Until LL Wwitial Volume \s teduced, anof 4 Cycle ts Closed hy Censraut Volume Qvocess » Finds a- tL Kene eee ee ee eee ec 5 re SiR FV mp ee any wx 2b)" 90 = 4365 ke SO ae 6S» 332 948 ‘i aed Pha 5 ys l4eot Fs a/b FS Kk vs z-! C ww = b V: ' urs Tye AS (=e 2 ae 21673 «(2 & =B eB) a ee a fecal Qe CT), j= = 33 a? 4 Gk) se pas lg 1.4C 442-149) or 652 PREPARED BY ABD AL- SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN|AMICS TEIN RAGIN? LECTURE NO. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PAGE NO. / 5% Ext Adiesel engine has an inlet tempevabst® amd Pressure of 15 C omd 1 bars yesPectively The Comeression feablo is I2h1 anal the maximum Cycle Rmpercture {5 (100 c. Cateulate Ah ove S tonol— arc Khrermal efficcenty Based on ka Diesel Gycle. Cale. ge ~ We ai6 42328 8K TYg =the 4.293 2 13F3 Baa As OG tein, The 878 As Ma ii Para oe Process 2 22 Reve o Te = DCG-Tr) Shoes (1393 -FF8) = £98 Bal hy pain Ty ee G1 GCOS Sn BSS). SAS) lk Le a on —— t- BE atm BH cose eset x 2 PS; Yoole spas = Hae. fe => Q. I Tee Me OB Bical AN, ii " a [4x Chqs— 1% 12° © aaa: PREPARED BY ABD AL-SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN)YNAMICS TEEATON RABID LECTURE NO. RING DEPARTMENT. PAGE NO. ] 5 Dual Gwmlustion Cycle Sure Meclern of] engines althoug Still Gallet cliesel engines ave more Clo Sely clerived from om engive Invented! by Aekroy~ Styar The Heat is Supplicel in two Paves. the first Park at constant Volume omel vem] arimoler at Constant Prescure hence He nome Vdltal Gwbuition T P ss Process: Lv 2... follabertic. Comevession. Pvc se QzWwen ,Qso. Wee Bs 2g CGoWw)” Process 1 2—»3 Reversible Constant Volume Weabivg Vee Wee =p Qte= CG -h) Process: S-» 4 Reversible Constaut Presrurt Henting (Qu) Poe 5 Qewtdv. = hy-hy = Q = Ce T4- Ta) Process: 4» 5. Pelidbtic. expansion PV=¢ .AzwW+ AU 1 Qeo => We-bUe- OC E- Ty) = OCT Tg) Process S—=! Reversible Corgkand Volume Cootng CQ) Vee =Dwso = GQ aus G(T5-T,)- PREPARED BY ABD Al- SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN[AMICS TEM TATONT TAWA LECTURE NO. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PAGE NO: /S6 Comeveion Oarkic Bai dt omitted during heat addi 2 = Pr = table « Pressure duvieg heat ing ok Const wank Volume + B- ae = table of Volume adurig Weak asllig at conga’ Pressure > Qu Qe Sf a QatQy e-T a AT) SCG TI eelaw) Gone ew) (of —1) Licensee xceny e \E Kal Chea added only & Pac ) po ee f ye 8-9) sp Kal Chek addesl only at Vee) PREPARED BY ABD AL: SATAR HAMID HUSSEINICS TINEA EIAVIIC? MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PAGENO: 167 LECTURE Exte An orl engine takes at lol boa 2s Gone Anes ene Pressure. 5 67 bar- The. Compression Yukto ts [8 Gleulate She avin gtawdar! Kreruk e8iicienty based on tla cual Combougtion Qole Pssaminng Bask Ale eat culled ob Sngtaut Volume gs equal te Le reak aatded ak. Constant Rressure- Se te = a Ty- Th) 4¥ 4-3) hol bar, Te 298 3a ay Thee HE) 5 28 00/8) ATL uizte Pye Ppa 67 ber, Qa a Qp Oe We ete Care Dy (B/G) = caligS = asus” el N3 Va ) V2 ° OW 408 —292 c ees . = CW TE bd VAL —W2) PGEPARED BY ABD AL-SATAR HAMID HUSSEIN ae aC