Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

- I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

* -

0 , x  rational
1. If the functions f(x) and g(x) are defined on R  R such that f(x) =  ,
 x , x  irrational

0 , x  irrational
g(x) =  , then (f – g) (x) is [IIT-JEE 2005, Scr., (3, –1), 84]
 x , x  rational
(A*) one-one and onto (B) neither one-one nor onto
(C) one-one but not onto (D) onto but not one-one
0 , x 
f(x) g(x), R  R f(x) = 
x , x 

0 , x 
g(x) =  , (f – g) (x) [IIT-JEE 2005, Scr., (3, –1), 84]
x , x 
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
 x, x  Q
Sol. y = (f – g) (x) =  Which is one-one and onto function
 x, x  Q

 x, x  Q
Hindi y = (f – g) (x) = 
 x, x  Q

2. Suppose X and Y are two sets and f : X  Y is a function. For a subset A of X, define f(A) to be the
subset {f(a) : a  A} of Y. For a subset B of Y, define f –1(B) to be the subset {x  X : f(x)  B} of X. Then
which of the following statements is true? [IIT-JEE 2005, Scr., (3, –1), 84]
(A) f –1(f(A)) = A for every A  X (B) f –1(f(A)) = A for every A  X if only if f(X) = Y
(C) f(f –1(B)) = B for every B  Y (D*) f(f –1(B)) = B for every B  Y if only if f(X) = Y
X Y f:XY X A f(A) {f(a) : a  A}, Y
Y B f–1(B) {x  X : f(x)  B}, X
[IIT-JEE 2005, Scr., (3, –1), 84]
(A) f –1(f(A)) = A  A  X (B) f–1(f(A)) = A  A  X f(X) = Y

(C) f(f –1(B)) = B  B  Y (D*) f(f–1(B)) = B  B  Y f(X) = Y

Solution
For option A

f –1 (f(A)) = A  A  A Hence A is wrong

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 For option B
Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

f(X) = Y  f is onto but it will not effect on mapping of function

Hence B is wrong
For option A & B other explaination can be given else if Y is a singleton set then the function f is
constant function and hence is trivially onto (unless X = ). But in such a case, even if A consists of just
one point, f(A) is entire set Y and so f –1 (f(A)) is the entire set X, which could be much bigger than A. So
A and B are wrong even if f(X) = Y
For option C

f(X)  Y (range  co-domain)

f(X) is a proper subset of Y (so that f is not onto), then for B = Y option C is wrong because f –1(Y) = X but
f(f –1(Y)) = f(X)  Y.
For option D

If B = Y, then f(f –1(Y)) is the range of the function f. If this is equal to Y, then function must be onto, thus
f(X) = Y is necessary condition
Hence D is correct
Hindi
A

f –1 (f(A)) = A  A  A A

f(X) = Y  f

B
A B Y f
( X =  ) A f(A)
Y f–1 (f(A)) X A
A B f(x) = y
C

f(X)  Y (  )

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
f(x), Y ( f ), B=Y C f–1(Y) = X
f(f (Y)) = f(X)  Y.
–1

B=Y f(f–1(Y)) f Y
f(X) = Y
D

3. The value of x for which sin ( cot–1 (1 + x)) = cos (tan–1 x) is [IIT-JEE-2005, Scr. (3, –1), 84]
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D*) – 1/2
x sin ( cot–1 (1 + x)) = cos (tan–1 x)
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) – 1/2
Sol. sin cot–1 (1+x) = cos (tan–1 x)
If  = cot–1 (1 + x) and  = tan–1 x
1 1
Then =  x = – 1/2
2
x  2x  2 1 x2

4. Match the column [IIT-JEE-2007, Paper-2, (6, 0), 81]


Let (x, y) be such that sin–1 (ax) + cos–1 (y) + cos–1 (b xy) =
2
Column –  Column – 
(A) If a = 1 and b = 0, then (x, y) (p) lies on the circle x 2 + y2 = 1
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, then (x, y) (q) lies on (x2 – 1) (y2 – 1) = 0
(C) If a = 1 and b = 2, then (x, y) (r) lies on y = x
(D) If a = 2 and b = 2, then (x, y) (s) lies on (4x2 – 1) (y2 – 1) = 0


(x, y) sin–1 (ax) + cos–1 (y) + cos–1 (b xy) =
2
– – 
(A) a=1 b = 0, (x, y) (p) x +y =1
2 2

(B) a=1 b = 1, (x, y) (q) (x2 – 1) (y2 – 1) = 0

(C) a=1 b = 2, (x, y) (r) y=x
(D) a=2 b = 2, (x, y) (s) (4x2 – 1) (y2 – 1) = 0
Ans (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (p), (D)  (s)

Sol. sin–1 (ax) + cos–1y + cos–1 (bxy) =
2

(A) a = 1, b=0  sin–1(x) + cos–1(y) + cos–1 (0) =  sin–1x + cos–1y = 0
2

 cos–1y = – sin–1x  cos–1 y = cos–1 1 x 2  x2 + y2 = 1


(B) sin–1 (x) + cos–1y + cos–1 (xy) =  cos–1 (y) + cos–1(xy) = cos–1x.
2

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 2 2 2 2 
 cos–1  xy  (1  y ) (1  x y )  = cos–1x.  xy2 – (1  y 2 )(1  x 2 y 2 ) = x
 
 1 – x2 – y2 + x2y2 = 0  (1 – x2) (1 – y2) = 0

(C) sin–1 (x) + cos–1 y + cos–1 (2xy) =


2

 2
cos–1  2 xy 

1  y 1  4x y  
2 2 2
= cos–1x.

 2xy2 – 1  y 1  4x y  = x
2 2 2  2xy2 – x = 1  y 1  4x y 
2 2 2

 4x2y4 + x2 – 4x2y2 = 1 – y2 – 4x2y2 + 4x2y4  x2 + y2 = 1.

(D) sin–1(2x) + cos–1y + cos–1 (2xy) =


2

 2
cos–1  2 y x 

1  y 1  4x y   = cos
2 2 2 –1
(2x)

 2y2x – 1  y 2  4 x 2 y 2  4 x 2 y 4 = 2x.  1 – 4x2 – y2 + 4x2y2 = 0

 (1 – 4x2)(1 – y2) = 0.

5. If 0 < x < 1, then 1 x 2 [{x cos (cot x) + sin (cot x)} – 1] = [IIT-JEE 2008, Paper-1, (3, –1), 82]
–1 –1 2 1/2

x
(A) (B) x (C*) x 1  x 2 (D) 1 x 2
2
1 x

0<x<1 , 1 x 2 [{x cos (cot x) + sin (cot x)} – 1] =

–1 –1 2 1/2

x
(A) (B) x (C*) x 1  x 2 (D) 1 x 2
2
1 x
1
1/ 2
 2   
2 2
x cos cos 1 x   1   x
2
1
Sol.   sin  sin 1   1 =    1
1 x 2       1 x 2  2
1 x2
 
 1  x
2
  1 x   1 x2    

= 1 x 2 . x Hence (C) is correct.

1
1/ 2
 2   
2 2
x cos cos 1 x   1   x
2
1
Hindi   sin  sin 1   1 =    1

2 2
1 x      1 x  2  
  1 x
2
  1 x2    1  x 1 x2  

= 1 x 2 . x (C)

6. The maximum value of the function f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x – 48 on the set A = {x |x2 + 20  9x} is
A = {x |x2 + 20  9x} f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x – 48
[IIT-JEE 2009, P-2, (4, –1), 80]
Ans. 7
Sol. A = {x |x2 + 20  9x} = {x |x  [4, 5]}
Now, f(x) = 6(x2 – 5x + 6)
f(x) = 0  x = 2, 3
f(2) = –20, f(3) = –21, f(4) = –16, f(5) = 7
from graph, maximum of f(x) on set A is f(5) = 7
Hindi A = {x |x2 + 20  9x} = {x |x  [4, 5]}
, f(x) = 6(x2 – 5x + 6)
f(x) = 0  x = 2, 3
f(2) = –20, f(3) = –21, f(4) = –16, f(5) = 7
'A' f(x) f(5) = 7

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
x
7. If the function f(x) = x3 + e 2 and g(x) = f–1(x), then the value of g(1) is [IIT-JEE 2009, P-2, (4, –1), 80]
x
f(x) = x3 + e 2 g(x) = f–1(x) g(1)
Ans. 2
Sol. g(f(x)) = x  g(f(x)) f(x) = 1 ........(i)
if f(x) = 1  x = 0, f(0) = 1
substitute x = 0 in (i), we get
1 1 x/2 1
g(1) =   g(1) = 2  (f(x) = 3x2 + e  f(0) = )
f (0) 2 2
Hindi g(f(x)) = x  g(f(x)) f(x) = 1 ........(i)
f(x) = 1  x = 0, f(0) = 1
x=0 (i)
1 1 x/2 1
g(1) =   g(1) = 2  (f(x) = 3x2 + e  f(0) = )
f (0) 2 2

8. Let f(x) = x2 and g(x) = sin x for all x  R. Then the set of all x satisfying (f o g o g o f) (x) = (g o g o f) (x), where
(f o g) (x) = f(g(x)), is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
R x f(x) = x2 g(x) = sin x x (f o g o
g o f) (x) = (g o g o f) (x) ( (f o g)(x) = f(g(x)) [Function]
(A*) ± n , n  {0, 1, 2,....} (B) ± n , n  {1, 2,....}


(C) + 2n, n  {.....–2, –1, 0, 1, 2,....} (D) 2n, n  {...., –2, –1, 0, 1, 2,....}
2
Ans. (A)
Sol. f(x) = x2 ; g (x) = sin x  gof (x) = sin x2  gogof (x) = sin (sin x2)
 (fogogof) (x) = (sin (sin x )) = sin (sin x )
2 2 2 2

Now sin2 (sin x2) = sin (sin x2)  sin (sin x2) = 0, 1

 sin x2 = n, (4n+1) ;  I  sin x2 = 0
2
 x2 = n  x =  n ; n  W
Hindi f(x) = x2 ; g (x) = sin x  g o f (x) = sin x2  g o g o f (x) = sin (sin x2)
 (f o g o g o f) (x) = (sin (sin x2 ))2 = sin2 (sin x2)
sin2 (sin x2) = sin (sin x2)  sin (sin x2) = 0, 1

 sin x2 = n, (4n+1) ;  I  sin x2 = 0
2
 x2 = n  x =  n ; n  W

 1  sin   
   d
9. Let f() = sin  tan   , where – <  < . Then the value of

( f ()) is
  cos 2   4 4 d (tan )

   1  sin   
 d

– << f() = sin  tan  
 d (tan )
( f ())
4 4   cos 2  
Ans. (1) [Inverse Trigonometric Function] [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
 sin   sin  
Sol. tan 1  = sin–1    f() = tan 
df
=1
 cos  d tan 
 cos 2  

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
10. The function f : [0, 3] [1, 29], defined by f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 1, is [Function]
(A) one-one and onto (B*) onto but not one-one
(C) one-one but not onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
f : [0, 3] [1, 29], [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (3, –1), 70]
f(x) = 2x – 15x + 36x + 1,
3 2

(A) (one-one) (onto) (B*)

(C) (D)
Sol. Ans (B)
F : [0, 3]  [1, 29]
f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36 x + 1
f(x) = 6x2 – 30 x + 36 = 6(x2 – 5x + 6) = 6(x – 2) (x – 3)
in given domain function has local maxima, it is many-one
Now at x = 0 f(0) = 1
x = 2 f(2) = 16 – 60 + 72 + 1 = 29
x = 3 f(3) = 54 – 135 + 108 + 1 = 163 – 135 = 28
Has range = [1, 29]
Hence given function is onto
Hindi Ans (B)
F : [0, 3]  [1, 29]
f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36 x + 1
f(x) = 6x2 – 30 x + 36 = 6(x2 – 5x + 6) = 6(x – 2) (x – 3)

x = 0 f(0) = 1
x = 2 f(2) = 16 – 60 + 72 + 1 = 29
x = 3 f(3) = 54 – 135 + 108 + 1 = 163 – 135 = 28
= [1, 29]

2      1
11*. Let f : (–1, 1)  R be such that f(cos 4) = 2for   0,    ,  . Then the value(s) of f 
2  sec   4 4 2  3
is (are) [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (4, 0), 66]
2      1
f : (–1, 1)  R f(cos 4) = 2   0,    ,  f  ( )
2  sec   4 4 2  3
( ) (Functions)
3 3 2 2
(A*) 1 – (B*) 1 + (C) 1 – (D) 1 +
2 2 3 3
Ans. (AB)
Ans. NOTE : Since a functional mapping can't have two images for pre-image 1/3, so this is ambiguity
in this question perhaps the answer can be A or B or AB or marks to all.
NOTE : 1/3
A B AB

1 1 2 2
Sol. cos4 =  2cos22 – 1 =  cos22 =  cos2 = 
3 3 3 3

2 1  cos 2 1  1 3
Now f(cos4) = = =1+  f  = 1 ±
2 – sec  2
cos 2 cos 2 3 2

1 1 2 2
Hindi. cos4 =  2cos22 – 1 =  cos22 =  cos2 = 
3 3 3 3

2 1  cos 2 1  1 3
f(cos4) = = =1+  f  = 1 ±
2 – sec 2
cos 2 cos 2 3 2

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 23  n 
12. The value of cot  cot –11 
    2k   is (Inverse Trigonometric function) XII
 n 1  k 1 

 23  n 

 –1 
cot  cot 1   2k   [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/60]
 n 1  k 1 

23 25 23 24
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
25 23 24 23
Sol. (B)
23

cot  cot
n 1
–1
1  2  4  6  ......  2n  cot cot–1(1 + n(n + 1))

n  1 – n
 tan 
23
–1
cot  tan –1
 cot (n  1) – tan –1 n
1  n (n  1) n 1

 –1 24 – 1   –1 25  25
cot(tan–124 – tan–11)  cot  tan   cot  cot 
 1  24   23  23

13. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List - I List - II
1/ 2
  cos (tan –1 y)  y sin(tan–1 y) 
2 
 1    y4  1 5
P  y 2  cot(sin –1 y)  tan(sin –1 y)   takes value 1.
    2 3

Q. If cos x + cos y + cox z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z then 2. 2

x–y
possible value of cos is
2

  1
R. If cos  – x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x = cos xsin 2x sec x + 3.
 4  2

 
cos   x  cos 2x then possible value of sec x is
4 

S.
 –1 1 – x 2 
If cot  sin
  
 = sin tan–1 x 6 , x  0,   4. 1
then possible value of x is [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60] (ITF)
I II

-I - II
1/ 2
  cos (tan –1 y)  y sin(tan–1 y) 
2 
 1    y4  1 5
P  y 2  cot(sin –1 y)  tan(sin –1 y)   1.
    2 3

Q. cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z 2. 2

x–y
cos
2

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ADVFNIT - 110
Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

  1
R. cos  – x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x = cos xsin 2x sec x + 3.
 4  2

 
cos   x  cos 2x sec x
4 

S.
 –1 1 – x 2 
cot  sin
    
 = sin tan–1 x 6 , x  0, 4. 1

x [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]

Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B*) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2
Sol. (P)- 4 ; (Q)-3 ; (R)- 2 or 4 ; (S) - 1
1/ 2
  cos(tan 1 y )  y sin(tan 1 y ) 
2 
 1    y4 
(P)  y 2  cot(sin 1 y )  tan(sin 1 y )  
   

1/ 2
  
2 
   1 y.y   
  
  1  y 2 2 
1 y    
 1  4
=  y2 y 
 2 
  1  y y  
    
 
  
y 1  y 2   
 
y 1
1/ 2
 1 2 
=  2 .y (1  y )  y 
4 4
=1
y 
Ans. 4 1- y2
(Q) cos x + cos y = – cos z
sin x + sin y = – sin z square and add
2 + 2 cos (x – y) = 1
 cos (x – y) = –1/2
xy xy
 2cos2   – 1 = –1/2,  cos   = 1/2
 2   2 
Ans. 3
    
(R) cos 2x  cos 4  x   cos 4  x   + 2 sin2 x = 2 sin x cos x
    
cos 2x ( 2 sin x) + 2 sin2 x = 2 sin x cos x  2 sin x [cos 2x + 2 sin x – 2 cos x] = 0
Either sin x = 0 OR cos2x – sin2 x = 2 (cos x – sin x)

sec x  1 OR cos x = sin x  sec x  2

Ans. 2 OR 4

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
(S) cot (sin–1 1 x 2 ) = sin (tan (x
–1
6 ))

1 1 + 6x 2
2 x 6
1- x

x 1

x x 6
2 =  1 + 6x2 = 6 – 6x2  12x2 = 5
1 x 1  6x 2

5 1 5
x= = 
12 2 3
Ans. 1

  
14. Let f:  – ,   R be given by f(x) = (log(sec x + tanx)) 3 . Then [XII]
 2 2
[Function] [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
(A) f(x) is an odd function (B) f(x) is a one-one function
(C) f(x) is an onto function (D) f(x) is an even function
  
f:  – ,   R f(x) = (log(sec x + tanx))3
 2 2
(A) f(x) (odd) (B) f(x) (one-one)
(C) f(x) (onto) (D) f(x) (even)
Ans. (ABC)
Sol. (i) f(–x) = –f(x) so it is odd function
1
(ii) f'(x) = 3(log(secx + tanx))2 sec x  tan x (secx tanx + sec2x) > 0
 
  
(iii) Range of f(x) is R as f   –  f   
 2 2
Hindi (i) f(–x) = –f(x)
1
(ii) f'(x) = 3(log(secx + tanx))2  sec x  tan x  (secx tanx + sec2x) > 0

  
(iii) f(x) R f   –  f   
 2 2

15. Let f : [0, 4]  [0, ] be defined by f(x) = cos–1 (cos x). The number of points x [0, 4] satisfying the
10  x
equation f(x) = is
10
10  x
f : [0, 4]  [0, ], f(x) = cos–1 (cos x) [0, 4] f(x) =
10

[Inverse Trigonometric Function] [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]

Ans. (3)

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

(0,1)
10  x x
Sol. f(x) = (sin–1) x  [0, 4] & f(x) = =1–   (10,0) 4 
10 10

so, 3 solution. 3

6 4
16. If  = 3sin–1   and  = 3cos –1   , where the inverse trigonometric functions take only the principal
 11  9
values, then the correct option(s) is(are) (Moderate)
6 4
 = 3sin–1    = 3cos–1   , (inverse trigonometric functions)
 11  9
(principal values) , ( ) [Inverse Trigonometric Function]
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, –2)/ 80]
(A) cos  > 0 (B*) sin  < 0 (C*) cos( + ) > 0 (D*) cos  < 0
Ans. (B,C,D)
6 6 4 4
Sol.  = 3sin–1 > 3sin–1 and  = 3cos–1 > 3cos–1
11 12 9 8

 > & >
2
3
 +>
2

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

- II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE

2x
1. Let f : (– 1,1)  B, be a function defined by f(x) = tan–1 1 – x 2 , then f is both one-one and onto when B is the

interval : [AIEEE-2005, (3, 0)/225]

2x
f : (– 1,1)  B f(x) = tan–1 1 – x 2 B

         
(1*)  – ,  (2) – ,  (3) 0,  (4)  0,  .
 2 2  2 2  2  2

 2x 
Sol. f(x) = tan–1   = 2 tan–1 x for x  (–1, 1)
 1 x2 

     
If x  (–1, 1)  tan–1 x    ,   2 tan–1 x    , 
 4 4  2 2

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

  
Clearly, range of f(x) =   ,  for f to be onto, co-domain = range
 2 2

  
 Codomain of function = B =   ,  .
 2 2

 2x 
Hindi. f(x) = tan–1   = 2 tan–1 x ; x  (–1, 1)
 1 x2 

     
x  (–1, 1)  tan–1 x    ,   2 tan–1 x    , 
 4 4  2 2

  
, f(x) =  ,   f =
 2 2

  
 = B =  ,  .
 2 2

y
2. If cos–1x – cos–1 = , then 4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 is equal to- [AIEEE-2005, (3, 0)/225]
2
y
cos–1x – cos–1 =  4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2
2
(1) 2 sin 2 (2) 4 (3*) 4sin2  (4) – 4 sin2 
 xy y 2 
y   1 x2 1
Sol. Given that ( ), cos x – cos
–1 –1
=  cos –1
 2 4  =
2  

xy y2 y2
 + 1 x 2 1 = cos   2 1 x 2 1 = 2 cos  – xy
2 4 4
On squaring both sides, we get ( )

4(1  x 2 )(4  y 2 )
= 4 cos2 + x2y2 – 4xy cos   4 – 4x2 – y2 + x2y2 = 4 cos2 + x2y2 – 4xy cos 
4
 4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 = 4 sin2

  x 
3. The largest interval lying in  ,  for which the function f(x) = 4  x 2 + cos–1   1 + log (cos x) is
 2 2 2 
defined, is [AIEEE-2007, (3, –1)/120]
  x 
 ,  f(x) = 4  x + cos–1   1 + log (cos x)
2

 2 2  2 

       
(1) [0, ] (2)   ,  (3)  ,  (4*) 0, 
 2 2  4 2  2

x
Sol. f(x) is defined if –1  –1  1 and cos x > 0
2

x      
or 0  2 and – < x < or 0  x  4 and – <x<  x  0,  .
2 2 2 2 2  2

x
Hindi. f(x) –1  –1  1 cos x > 0
2
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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

x      
0 2 – <x< 0x4 – <x<  x  0,  .
2 2 2 2 2  2

x 5 
4. If sin–1   + cosec–1   = then a value of x is- [AIEEE-2007, (3, –1), 120]
5 4 2

x 5 
sin–1   + cosec–1  = x
5 4 2
(1) 1 (2*) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5
x 5  x 4 
Sol. Since ( ), sin–1   + cosec–1   =  sin–1   + sin–1   =
5 4 2 5 5 2

x  4 x 4

 sin–1   = – sin–1    sin–1   = cos–1  
5 2 5 5 5

x 3
 sin–1   = sin–1    x=3
5 5

5. Let f : N Y be a function defined as f(x) = 4x + 3 where Y = {y  N : y = 4x + 3 for some x  N}. Its

inverse is - [AIEEE 2008 (3, –1), 105]
f : N Y f(x) = 4x + 3 Y = {y  N : y = 4x + 3 xN }.

y3 y3 y 3 3y  3
(1) g(y) = 4 + (2) g(y) = (3*) g(y) = (4) g(y) =
4 4 4 3

y 3 y 3
Sol. y = 4x + 3  x=  f –1 (y) = g(y) = .
4 4

 5 2
6. The value of cot  cos ec –1  tan –1  is [AIEEE 2008 (3, –1), 105]
 3 3

 5 2
cot  cos ec –1  tan –1 
 3 3

3 2 5 6
(1) (2) (3) (4*)
17 17 17 17
5 3
Sol. Since ( ), cosec–1   = tan–1  
3 4

3 2   17  
4  3   12     6

cot  tan 1 3
 tan 1 2 
 = cot tan 
–1
 = cot tan–1     = cot tan 1 17  =
 4 3  1 1    1    6  17
 2   2 
 

1
7. The domain of the function f(x) = is : [AIEEE 2011, , (4, –1), 120]
| x | x
1
f(x) =
| x | x
(1) (– , ) (2) (0, ) (3*) (–, 0) (4) (–, ) – {0}

Sol. (3)

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1
f(x) =  |x|–x>0  |x|>x  x< 0
| x | x
 x  (– , 0) Ans.

8. Let f be a function defined by f(x) = (x–1)2 + 1, (x  1). [AIEEE 2011, , (8, –2), 120]
Statement - 1 : The set {x : f(x) = f–1(x)} = {1, 2}.
Statement - 2 : f is a bijection and f–1(x) = 1 + x  1 , x  1.
f(x) = (x – 1)2 + 1, (x  1)
-1: {x : f(x) = f–1(x)} = {1, 2}.
-2: f f–1(x) = 1 + x  1 , x  1.

(1*) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(4) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true .
(1) -1 -2 -2 -1
(2) -1 -2 -2, -1
(3) -1 -2
(4) -1 -2
Sol. (1)
f(x) = (x – 1)2 + 1, x  1
f : [1, )  [1, ) is a bijective function
 y = (x – 1)2 + 1  (x – 1)2 = y – 1  x = 1 ± y – 1  f –1(y) = 1 ± y –1

 f –1(x) = 1 + x – 1 { x  1}
so statement-2 is correct -2
Now f(x) = f –1(x)  f(x) = x  (x – 1)2 + 1 = x  x2 – 3x + 2 = 0  x = 1, 2
so statement-1 is correct -1

9. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1x, tan–1y and tan–1z are also in A.P., then [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –¼),360]
x, y, z tan x, tan y
–1 –1
tan z –1

[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –¼),360]

(1*) x = y = z (2) 2x = 3y = 6z (3) 6x = 3y = 2z (4) 6x = 4y = 3z
Sol. (1)
2y = x + z  2 tan–1 y = tan–1 x + tan–1 (z)
 2y   xz  xz xz
tan–1  
2  = tan
–1    =
 1– y   1 – xz  1– y2 1 – xz
 y2 = xz or x+z=0  x=y=z
1
10. If g is the inverse of a function f and f'(x) = , then g'(x) equal to : [Function]
1 x5
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – ¼), 120]
1
g f f'(x) = g'(x) : [Function]
1 x5
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – ¼), 120]

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
1
(1) (2*) 1 + {g(x)}5 (3) 1 + x5 (4) 5x4
1  {g( x )} 5
Sol. Ans. (2)
If f(x) & g(x) are inverse of each other then,
f(x) g(x)
1
g'(f(x)) = ; g'(f(x)) = 1 + x5
f ' ( x)
Here x = g(y)
 g'(y) = 1 + [g(y)]5  g'(x) = 1 + {g(x)}5

 2x  1
11. Let tan–1y = tan–1x + tan–1  
2 , where |x| < . Then a value of y is [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – ¼), 120]
 1– x  3

3x – x 3 3x  x 3 3x – x 3 3x  x 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 – 3x 2 1 – 3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2

 2x  1
tan–1y = tan–1x + tan–1  , |x| < y [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – ¼), 120]
 1– x2  3

3x – x 3 3x  x 3 3x – x 3 3x  x 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 – 3x 2 1 – 3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2
Ans. (1)
1 1
Sol. <x<
3 3
x = tan 
 
<<
6 6
tan–1y =  + tan–1 tan 2 =  + 2 = 3
3 tan   tan 3 
y = tan 3 =
1  3 tan 2 

3x  x3
y= .
1  3x 2

PART - III : CBSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

- III : CBSE

1. Let y = {n2 : n N} Consider f : N  y as f(n) = n2. Show that f is invertible. Find the inverse of f.
[CBSE 2005]
y = {n2 : n N} f:Ny f(n) = n2 f f
[CBSE 2005]
Sol. by the definition y, we have y = f(n) = n2  n = y . For some n  N

Now define g : y  N by g(y) = y

2
Now gof (n) = g(f(n)) = g(n2) = n 2 = n = In and fog(y) = f(g(n)) = f(g(y)) = f ( y ) = ( y ) = y = Iy

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 f–1 = g and f–1(x) = x
Hindi. y y = f(n) = n2 h= y nN

g : y  N by g(y) = y
2
gof (n) = g(f(n)) = g(n2) = n 2 = n = In fog(y) = f(g(n)) = f(g(y)) = f ( y ) = ( y ) = y = Iy
 f–1 = g f–1(x) = x

2. Let f : N  Y be a function defined as f(x) = 4x + 3, where Y = {y N : y = 4x + 3 for some x  N}.

Show that f is invertible. Find the inverse. [CBSE 2005]
f:NY f(x) = 4x + 3, Y = {y N : y = 4x + 3 x  N}.
f [CBSE 2005]
Sol. Consider y  Y be arbitrary. By definition of Y, y = 4x + 3 for some x in the domain N.
y–3
 x=
4
y–3 4x  3 – 3 4x
Now define g : Y  N by g(y) = . Now, gof(x) = g(f(x)) = g(4x + 3) = = = x = IN
4 4 4
y–3 4( y – 3)
and fog (x) = f(g(y)) = f   = + 3 = y – 3 + 3 = y = Iy
 4  4
 f is invertible and g is the inverse of f. Hence f –1 = g.
Hindi. yY Y , y = 4x + 3 N x
y–3
 x=
4
y–3 4x  3 – 3 4x
g:YN g(y) = gof(x) = g(f(x)) = g(4x + 3) = = = x = IN
4 4 4

y–3 4( y – 3)
fog (x) = f(g(y)) = f   = + 3 = y – 3 + 3 = y = Iy
 4  4
 f g, f f–1 = g.

3. Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 5, 6} f : A  B is a function defined as f(1) = 4, f(2) = 5, f(3) = 6. Write down
f–1 as a set of ordered pairs. [CBSE 2005]
A = {1, 2, 3} B = {4, 5, 6} f : A  B f(1) = 4, f(2) = 5, f(3) = 6 f–1
[CBSE 2005]
Sol. We have f(1) = 4. f(2) = 5 and f(3) = 6
 The image of distinct elements in A are distinct
 f is one-one
Also every element in B has at least one pre-image
 f is onto, f is invertible i.e. f–1 exists
Now define f–1 : B  A as
f–1(4) = 1  f(1) = 4, f–1(5) = 2 and f–1(6) = 3
 f–1 = {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3)}
Hindi. f(1) = 4. f(2) = 5 f(3) = 6
 A
 f
B
 f f f–1 : B  A
f (4) = 1  f(1) = 4, f (5) = 2
–1 –1
f (6) = 3
–1

 f = {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3)}

–1

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1 – cos x
4. Write the following functions in the simplest form : tan–1 , 0 < x < . [CBSE 2005]
1  cos x

1 – cos x
: tan–1 , 0 < x <  [CBSE 2005]
1  cos x

x
2 sin2  x 
1 – cos x 2
Sol. Let y = tan–1  y = tan–1 –1
x = tan |tan x/2|  0  2  2 
1  cos x 2 cos2  
2

3 8 84
5. Show that sin–1 – sin–1 = cos–1 . [CBSE 2005]
5 17 85
3 8 84
sin–1 – sin–1 = cos–1 . [CBSE 2005]
5 17 85
3 8 3 8
Sol. Let sin–1 = x and sin–1 =y  sinx = siny =
5 17 5 17
Now cos x cos y
2
 1 – sin x 1 – sin2 y
2 2
3  8 
 1–   1–  
5  17 
 9   64 
 1–   1–  
 25   289 
16 4 225 15
  
25 5 289 17
4 15 3 8 60 24
 cos(x – y) = cosx cosy + sinx siny ; cos(x – y) = ·  · = +
5 17 5 17 85 85
84 84
cos(x – y) = ; x – y = cos–1
85 85
3 8 84
 sin–1 – sin–1 = cos–1
5 17 85
3 8 3 8
Hindi. sin–1 =x sin–1 =y  sinx = siny =
5 17 5 17
cos x cos y
2
 1 – sin x 1 – sin 2 y
2 2
3  8 
 1–   1–  
5  17 
 9   64 
 1–   1–  
 25   289 
16 4 225 15
  
25 5 289 17
4 15 3 8 60 24
 cos(x – y) = cosx cosy + sinx siny ; cos(x – y) = ·  · = +
5 17 5 17 85 85
84 84
cos(x – y) = ; x – y = cos–1
85 85

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
3 8 84
 sin–1 – sin–1 = cos–1
5 17 85

12 4 63
6. Show that : sin–1 + cos–1 + tan–1 = . [CBSE 2005]
13 5 16
12 4 63
: sin–1 + cos–1 + tan–1 = . [CBSE 2005]
13 5 16
12 4 63
Sol. Let sin–1 = x, cos–1 =y, and tan
an–1 =z
13 5 16
12 4 63
Then sinx = , cosy = and tanz =
13 5 16
12
consider sinx =
13
In rt ABC, we have
ABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
169 = AB2 + 144  AB = 5
5 12
 cos x = and tan x =
13 5
4 3 3
Similarly when cos y = then sin y = and tan y = We have
5 5 4
4 3 3
cos y = sin y = tan y =
5 5 4

12 3  48  15 
  20 
tan x  tan y
tan(x + y) =  20 – 36 
5 4
tan (x + y) = = 12 3 
1 – tan x tan y
1–   20 
5 4
63 20 –63
tan(x + y) =  = = – tanz  tan(x + y) = tan( – z)
20 – 16 16
x+y=–z ; x+y+z=
12 4 63
 sin–1 + cos–1 + tan–1 =
13 5 16

7. Let f : R  R be defined as f(x) = x4. Show that f is not one-one. [CBSE 2006]
f : R  R, f(x) = x4 f [CBSE 2006]
Sol. Let f(x1) = f(x2)  x14 = x24  x1 = ± x2  x1 = x2 only is not achieved
 many-one

 a cos x – b sin x 
8. Simplify : tan–1   [CBSE 2006, 2005]
 b cos x  a sin x 
 a cos x b sin x  a 
 b cos x – b cos x   b – tan x 
 a cos x – b sin x     a 
Sol. Let y = tan–1  b cos x  a sin x  = tan–1  b cos x a sin x  = tan–1 
   1  tan x 
 b cos x a cos x   b 
a   x–y  a
= tan–1 – tan–1 (tan x)  tan –1   tan –1 x – tan –1 y  = tan–1 – x
b   1  xy   b

9. If f be a greatest integer function and g be an absolute value function. Find the value of

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

–3 4
(fog)   + (gof)   . [CBSE 2007]
 2  3

–3 4
f g (fog)   + (gof)  
 2  3
[CBSE 2007]
Sol. Here ( ) f(x) = [x] g(x) = |x|
(fog)x = f(g(x)) = f(|x|) = [|x|]

–3  –3  3 
 (fog)   =   =   =1  (gof) x = g(f(x)) = g([x]) = | [x] |
 2   2  2

4 4 –3 4

 (gof)   =  3  = |1| = 1  (fog)   + (gof)   = 1 + 1 = 2
3    2  3

10. If f : R  R is defined by f(x) = x2 – 3x + 2, find f(f(x)). [CBSE 2007]

f : R  R, f(x) = x – 3x + 2
2
f(f(x)) [CBSE 2007]
Sol. f(f(x)) = f(x2 – 3x + 2) = (x2 – 3x + 2)2 – 3(x2 – 3x + 2) + 2
= x4 + 9x2 + 4 – 6x3 – 12x + 4x2 – 3x2 + 9x – 6 + 2 = x4 – 6x3 + 10x2 – 3x

9 9  1 9  2 
11. Prove that : – sin–1   = sin–1  2  [CBSE 2007]
8 4 3 4  3 

9 9  1 9  2 
: – sin–1   = sin–1  2  [CBSE 2007]
8 4 3 4  3 

9 9  1 9  –1 1   9  1  
– sin–1   =  – sin   = cos–1    sin x  cos x  
–1 –1
Sol. L.H.S. 4 2 3
8 4 3
     4 3
   2 
2
9  1
= sin–1 1 –   [ cos–1x = sin–1 1 – x 2 for 0  x  1]
4 3

9 1 9 8 9  2 

= sin–1 1– = sin–1 = sin–1  2 3 
4 9 4 9 4  

12. Write into the simplest form : cot–1( 1 x 2 – x). [CBSE 2007, 2003]
: cot–1( 1 x 2 – x) [CBSE 2007, 2003]

Sol. Let ( ) y = cot–1( 1 x 2 – x)

Let ( ) x = tan  = tan–1x

y = cot–1 ( 1  tan 2  – tan)  y = cot–1 (sec – tan)

 1 sin    1 – sin  
y = cot–1  –   y = cot–1  
 cos  cos    cos  
      
1 – cos 2 –     2 sin2  –  
   4 2
 
y = cot–1       y = cot–1       
 sin 2 –     2 sin 4 – 2  cos 4 – 2  
        

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
      
y = cot–1tan  –   y = cot–1 cot  –    y= 
4 2 2 4 2 4 2
 1
 y=  tan–1x
4 2

13. If f(x) = x + 7 and g(x) = x – 7, x  R, find (fog) (7). [CBSE 2008]

f(x) = x + 7 g(x) = x – 7, x  R (fog) (7) [CBSE 2008]
Sol. Here f(x) = x + 7, g(x) = x – 7
(fog)x = f(g(x)) = f(x – 7) = x – 7 + 7 = x
 (fog) (7) = 7
Hindi. f(x) = x + 7, g(x) = x – 7
(fog)x = f(g(x)) = f(x – 7) = x – 7 + 7 = x
 (fog) (7) = 7

3x  5
14. If f : R  R defined by f(x) = is an invertible function, find f–1. [CBSE 2009, 2008]
2
3x  5
f:RR f(x) = f–1 [CBSE 2009, 2008]
2
3x  5
Sol. Let f(x) = y  y=
2
Since f(x) is invertible  x = f–1(y)
2y – 5
 3x + 5 = 2y  3x = 2y – 5  x=
3
2y – 5 2x – 5
 f–1(y) = Hence f–1(x) =
3 3
3x  5
Hindi f(x) = y  y=
2
f(x)  x = f (y)
–1

2y – 5
 3x + 5 = 2y  3x = 2y – 5  x=
3
2y – 5 2x – 5
 f–1(y) = f–1(x) =
3 3

15. If the function f : R  R is given by f(x) = x2 + 3x + 1 and g : R  R is given by g(x) = 2x – 3, find

(i) fog and (ii) gof. [CBSE 2009, 2008]
f(x) = x + 3x + 1
2
f:RR g(x) = 2x – 3 g:RR

(i) fog (ii) gof. [CBSE 2009, 2008]

Sol. fog = g(x)2 + 3g(x) + 1 ; fog = (2x – 3)2 + 3(2x – 3) + 1
fog = 4x2 – 6x + 1 ; gof = 2f(x) – 3
gof = 2(x2 + 3x + 1) – 3 ; gof = 2x2 + 6x – 1


16. Solve for x : tan–1(2x) + tan–1(3x) = ;x>0 [CBSE 2009, 2008, 2006]
4

tan–1(2x) + tan–1(3x) = ;x>0 x [CBSE 2009, 2008, 2006]
4
  2x  3 x   xy 
Sol. We have , tan–1 2x + tan–1 3x = tan–1   =   tan –1 x  tan –1 y  tan –1 
4  1 – 2x ·3 x  4  1 – xy 

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
5x  5x
2 = tan  =1
1 – 6x 4 1 – 6x2
5x = 1 – 6x2  6x2 + 6x – x – 1 = 0
6x2 + 6x – x – 1 = 0  6x (x + 1) – 1 (x + 1) = 0
1
x = – 1, or x =
6
Since x = –1 does not satisfy the equation as the L.H.S. of equation becomes negative.
x = –1
1 1
Hence x = is the required solution. x=
6 6

17. If f : R  R be defined by f(x) = (3 – x3)1/3, then find fof(x). [CBSE 2010, 2006]
f:RR f(x) = (3 – x3)1/3 fof(x) [CBSE 2010, 2006]
Sol. Here f(x) = (3 – x )  (fof) x = f(f(x) = f((3 – x3)1/3)
3 1/3

= [3 – ((3 – x3)1/3)3]1/3 = (3 – 3 + x3)1/3 = (x3)1/3 = x

18. Prove the following : [CBSE 2010, 2009]

4  12   33 
cos–1   + cos–1   = cos–1  
5  13   65 

4  12   33 
cos–1   + cos–1   = cos–1   [CBSE 2010, 2009]
5  13   65 
4 4
Sol. Let x = cos–1  cos x =
5 5
16 9 3 12 12
 sin x = 1 – cos 2 x = 1– = = and y = cos–1  cos y =
25 25 5 13 13
144 25 5
 sin y = 1 – cos 2 y = 1– = =
169 169 13
4 12 3 5 48 15 33
 cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y= · – ·  – 
5 13 5 13 65 65 65
 33  4  12   33 
 x + y = cos–1   . Hence cos–1   + cos–1   = cos–1  
 65  5  13   65 
4 4
Hindi. x = cos–1  cos x =
5 5
16 9 3 12 12
 sin x = 1 – cos 2 x = 1– = = y = cos–1  cos y =
25 25 5 13 13

144 25 5
 sin y = 1 – cos 2 y = 1– = =
169 169 13
4 12 3 5 48 15 33
 cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y = · – ·  – 
5 13 5 13 65 65 65
 33  4  12   33 
 x + y = cos–1   cos–1   + cos–1   = cos–1  
 65  5
  13
   65 

 1– x  1
19. Solve for x : tan–1   – tan–1 x = 0, x > 0 [CBSE 2010, 2009, 2008]
 1 x  2

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 1– x  1
x : tan–1   – tan–1 x = 0, x > 0 [CBSE 2010, 2009, 2008]
 1 x  2
1
Ans. x=
3
 1– x  1
Sol. Given Equation is ( ) tan–1   – tan–1 x = 0 ; x > 0
 1 x  2
 1– x  2x
2tan–1   = tan–1x [ 2tan–1 x = tan–1 ]
 1 x  1– x2
  1– x    1– x 
 2   2   1– x 
2 
–1 
 1  x   = –1  1  x   1 x 
tan  2  tan x  = x = =x
1 –  1 – x   (1 – x )2 (1  x ) 2
– (1 – x ) 2
1–
  1  x   (1  x )2 (1  x )2

2
2(1 – x ) (1  x ) 2(1 – x )(1  x )
× =x  =x
(1  x ) 1  x  2x – 1 – x 2  2x
2 4x

1
2x2 = (1 – x) (1 + x)  2x2 = 1 – x2  x2 =
3
1 1
 x=±  x=
3 3

20. Find the value of sin–1  sin 4  . [CBSE 2010, 2008]

 5 

sin–1  sin 4  [CBSE 2010, 2008]

 5 

 4        
Sol. We have sin–1  sin  = sin–1 sin  –  = sin–1  sin  =
 5    5   5 5

 1  1  1  1 
21. Prove the following : tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   = . [CBSE 2010, 2008]
3
  5
  7
  8
  4

 1  1  1  1 
: tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   = . [CBSE 2010, 2008]
3 5 7 8 4

 xy  1 1 1 1
Sol.  tan–1x + tan–1y = tan–1  1 – xy  L.H.S. = tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1
  5 7 3 8

 75   83 
 1 1   1 1   35   24 

 5 7  
 3 8  –1   –1  
= tan 
–1
 + tan 
–1
 = tan  1  + tan  1 
1 1
1 – .  1 1
1 – .  1 – 1 –
 35   24 
 5 7   3 8 
 6 11 
 17  23 
 12   11   6   11 
= tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  
 34   23   17   23  1 – 6 . 11 
 17 23 

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 138  187 
 17  23 
 325  
–1  
= tan  66  = tan–1  325  = tan–1 (1) = = R.H.S.
1–   4
 17  23 

 x –1  x 1 
22. Solve for x : tan–1   + tan–1   = [CBSE 2010, 2009, 2008, 2005]
x – 2  x  2 4

 x –1  x 1 
x : tan–1   + tan–1   = [CBSE 2010, 2009, 2008, 2005]
 x – 2   x  2  4
Sol. We have, ( )
 x 1 x 1 

 x  1   x  1   1  x  2 x2  
tan 1   + tan 1   =  tan   =
x 2 x 2 4 1  x  1 x  1  4
.
 x  2 x  2 

 ( x  1) ( x  2)  ( x  1) ( x  2) 
 ( x  2) ( x  2)  2 2   
  = tan   x  x  2  x  x  2 = 1  tan 4  1
 ( x  2) ( x  2)  ( x  1) ( x  1)  4 x2  4  x2  1  
 ( x  2) ( x  2) 

2x 2  4 1 1
= 1  2x2 – 4 = –3  2x2 = –3 + 4 = 1 2x2 = 1  x2 = x=±
3 2 2

 2x   3x – x 3 1
–1  
23. Prove the following : tan–1 x + tan–1   = tan  1 – 3x 2, |x |< 3 .
 1– x2   
[CBSE 2010, 2001, 2000]

 2x   x – x 3  2x 
 2x   x     3x – x 3 
Sol. L.H.S. = tan x + tan
–1 –1   = tan 
–1 1 – x2  = tan–1  1 – x2  = tan–1  2  = R.H.S.
2
 1– x  1 – x 2x   1 – x – 2x 2
2   1 – 3 x 
 1– x2   
 1– x2 

1  x2
24. Prove the following : cos[tan–1{sin(cot–1x)}] = [CBSE 2010]
2  x2
Sol. L.H.S. = cos[tan–1 sin(cot–1x)]
Put cot–1x = t  cot t = x
 cosec2t = 1 + cot2t  cosec t = 1 x 2

1  –1 1 
 sin t =  L.H.S. = cos[tan–1 sin t] = cos tan 
1 x2  1 x2 

1 1 1 2  x2
Let tan–1 = z  tan z =  sec2z = 1 + tan2 z = 1 + =
1 x2 1 x2 1 x2 1 x2

2  x2 1  x2
sec z =  cos z =
1  x2 2  x2

1 x2
Hence L.H.S. = cos z = = R.H.S.
2  x2

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
1  1– x 
25. Prove that following : tan –1 x  cos –1  , x  (0, 1). [CBSE 2010]
2  1 x 
1  1– x 
: tan –1 x  cos –1  , x  (0, 1). [CBSE 2010]
2  1 x 

1  1– x 
Sol. R.H.S. = cos–1   . Put x = tan2 tan = x
2  1 x 
1
  = tan–1 x ; R.H.S. = (2) =  = tan–1 x
2
1  1– x 
Hindi (R.H.S.) = cos–1  
2  1 x 
x = tan2  tan = x
1
  = tan–1 x (R.H.S.) = (2) =  = tan–1 x
2

 1 –1 1
26. Find the value of the following : tan–1(1) + cos–1  –   sin  –  . [CBSE 2010, 2007]
 2  2
 1 –1 1
: tan–1(1) + cos–1  –   sin  –  [CBSE 2010, 2007]
 2   2 

 1 –1 1    –1 1 –1 1 

Sol. Here ( ) tan–1(1) + cos–1  –   sin  –  = tan–1  tan  + cos  – 2   sin  – 2 
 2  2  4     

   –1 1  –1 1     
 sin x  cos x  2 
–1 –1
= tan–1  tan 4   cos  – 2   sin  – 2  = 
       4 2  
  2 3
= =
4 4

27. Prove the following ;

 12  3  56 
cos–1   + sin–1   = sin–1   [CBSE 2010]
 13  5  65 
12 12
Sol. Let x = cos–1  cos x =
13 13
144 25 5 3 3
 sin x = 1 – cos 2 x = 1– = = and let y = sin–1  sin y =
169 169 13 5 5

9 16 4
 cos y = 1 – sin 2 y = 1– = =
25 25 5
5 4 12 3 20 36 56
sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y = ·  · =  
13 5 13 5 65 65 65
56 12 3 56
 x + y = sin–1 . Hence, cos–1 + sin–1 = sin–1
65 13 5 65
12 12
Hindi x = cos–1  cos x =
13 13
144 25 5
 sin x = 1 – cos 2 x = 1– = =
169 169 13

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
3 3
y = sin–1  sin y =
5 5
9 16 4
 cos y = 1 – sin 2 y = 1– = =
25 25 5
5 4 12 3 20 36 56
sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y = ·  · =  
13 5 13 5 65 65 65
56 12 3 56
 x + y = sin–1 . cos–1 + sin–1 = sin–1
65 13 5 65

28. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7} and let f = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)} be a function from A to B. State whether f is
one-one or not. [CBSE 2011, 2005]
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7} f = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)} A B
f [CBSE 2011, 2005]
Sol. f = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)}
f(1) = 4, f(2) = 5, f(3) = 6.
Different elements of the domain have different f-images in the range.
 f is one-one
Hindi f = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)}
f(1) = 4, f(2) = 5, f(3) = 6.

 f

 7 
29. Write the value of cos–1  cos  . [CBSE 2011, 2010, 2009]
 6 

 7 
cos–1  cos  [CBSE 2011, 2010, 2009]
 6 

 7    5  5 5
Sol. We have cos–1  cos  = cos–1 cos  2 – 6  = cos–1 · cos =
 6     6 6

 1
30. Write the principal value of sin–1    . [CBSE 2011, 2010, 2008, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000]
 2
 1
sin–1    [CBSE 2011, 2010, 2008, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000]
 2
 1  1 
Sol. Since sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1 x  The principal value of sin–1    = – sin–1   =– .
 2 2
  6
  
(The principal value of sin–1 x must lie in  ,  ).
 2 2
 1  1 
Hindi. sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1 x  sin–1    = – sin–1   = – .
 2 2
  6
  
(sin–1 x  2 , 2  )
 

31. Prove the following : [CBSE 2011, 2009, 2007, 2006]

 1  sin x  1 – sin x  x
cot–1   = , x   0 ,  
 1  sin x – 1 – sin x  2  4

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 1  sin x  1 – sin x 
Sol. L.H.S. = cot–1  
 1  sin x – 1 – sin x 

 
 sin 2 x  cos 2 x x x x
 2 sin cos  cos 2  sin 2
x x
– 2 sin cos
x 
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 
= cot–1  
 sin 2 x  cos 2 x x x x
 2 sin cos – sin 2  cos 2
x x
– 2 sin cos
x 
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 

 2 2 
  x x  x x 
  sin  cos    cos – sin  
 2 2  2 2
 2x x  x 2 x  
 sin  cos  = 1 and sin x  2 sin ·cos  = cot–1  2 2 
 2 2   2 2    x x  x x 
  sin  cos  –  cos – sin  
  2 2   2 2  

 x x x x  x
 sin 2  cos 2  cos 2 – sin 2   2 cos 2  x x
= cot–1  x x x

x  = cot–1  x
 = cot–1 · cot = = R.H.S.
sin  cos – cos  sin  2 sin  2 2
 2 2 2 2   2 

x x– y
32. Find the value of tan–1  y  – tan–1  x  y  [CBSE 2011]
   
x x– y
tan–1  y  – tan–1  x  y  [CBSE 2011]
   

x x– y  –1  x – y  
 tan x – tan y  tan 
–1 –1
Sol. L.H.S. = tan–1  y  – tan–1  x  y  
      1  xy 

 x x – y 
 – 
 y x  y   x 2  xy – xy  y 2 /( x  y )y   x2  y2   
–1 
= tan x  x – y   = tan  xy  y 2  x 2 – xy /( x  y )y  = tan
–1
an  2
–1
 2  = tan 1 = tan · tan
–1 –1
=
1       x y  4 4
 y  x  y  

 –1  1 
33. Write the value of sin  3 – sin  – 2  . [CBSE 2011, 2008]
  
 –1  1 
sin  3 – sin  – 2  [CBSE 2011, 2008]
  
 –1  1   –1     3 
Sol. sin  3 – sin  – 2  = sin  3 – sin  – sin 6   = sin    = sin = sin = 1
       3 6  6 2

 2   2 
34. What is the principle value of cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin  [CBSE 2011, 2009, 2008]
 3   3 

 2   2 
cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin  [CBSE 2011, 2009, 2008]
 3   3 

 2   2         
Sol. cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin  = cos–1 cos  –  + sin–1 sin  – 
 3   3    3    3 

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
   
= cos–1  – cos  + sin–1 sin  [ ( – x) = – cosx and sin( – x) = sinx]
 3  3
    
=  – cos–1  cos  + =–  =
 3 3 3 3

35. Prove that : [CBSE 2011, 2010, 2006]

 1 x – 1 – x   1 1
tan–1   = – cos–1x, – x1
 1  x  1 – x  4 2 2
[CBSE 2011, 2010, 2006]
 1 x – 1 – x   1 1
tan–1   = – cos–1x, – x1
 1  x  1 – x  4 2 2

 1 x – 1 – x 
Sol. LHS = tan–1  
 1  x  1 – x 
3
Let cos–1x = , so that x = cosand 0   
4
  
 1 x – 1– x   1  cos  – 1 – cos    2 cos 2 – 2 sin 2 
   
 tan–1  1  x  1 – x  = tan  1  cos   1 – cos   = tan  
–1 –1

     2 cos   2 sin  
 2 2
( 1 + cos = 2cos2(/2) and 1 – cos = 2sin2(/2))
  
 cos 2 – sin 2 
= tan–1  
 cos   sin  
 2 2

Inside the bracket divide numerator and denomerator by cos .
2
 
1 – tan 2 
= tan–1    = tan–1 tan  –   =  –   0    3     –   –  
 1  tan    4 2  4 4 4 2 4
 2   4 2 

 1
= – cos–1x = RHS
4 2
 1 x – 1 – x 
Hindi LHS = tan–1  
 1  x  1 – x 
3
cos–1x = , x = cos 0
4
  
 1 x – 1– x   1  cos  – 1 – cos    2 cos 2 – 2 sin 2 
   
 tan–1  1  x  1 – x  = tan  1  cos   1 – cos   = tan  
–1 –1

     2 cos   2 sin  
 2 2
( 1 + cos = 2cos (/2) and 1 – cos = 2sin2(/2))
2

  
 cos 2 – sin 2 
= tan–1  
 cos   sin  
 2 2

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

cos
2
 
1 – tan 2 
= tan–1   = tan–1 tan  –   =  –   0    3     –   –   =  – 1 cos–1x = RHS
 1  tan   
  4 2 
 4 2  4 4 4 2 4 4 2
 2

36. Prove the following : [CBSE 2011, 2009, 2008, 2006]

 1  1  31 
2tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  
2 7  17 
: [CBSE 2011, 2009, 2008, 2006]
 1  1  31 
2tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  
2
  7
   17 

1 1  –1 2 x 
 2 tan x  tan 1 – x 2 
–1
Sol. L.H.S. = 2tan–1 + tan–1
2 7  
1
2.
2 1 1 1 4 1
= tan–1 2 + tan
–1
= tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1 + tan–1
 1 7 1 7 3 7
1–   1–
4
2

 4 1 
 37   –1 x  y 
 tan x  tan y  tan
–1 –1
= tan 
–1
 
1 – 4 ·1   1 – xy 
 3 7 

 28  3 
 21 
 31 21  31
= tan–1  21 – 4  = tan–1    = tan–1 = R.H.S.
   21 17  17
 21 

37. Prove that : [CBSE 2011, 2008]

 1  1  1 
tan–1   + tan1   + tan1   =
2 5 8 4
: [CBSE 2011, 2008]
 1  1  1 
tan–1   + tan1   + tan1   =
2 5 8 4
 1  1  1
Sol. L.H.S. tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1  
2 5 8
 1 1 
 25   1  –1 x  y 
 tan x  tan y  tan
–1 –1
= tan–1  + tan  8  
–1
 1 – xy 
1 – 1  1  
 2 5 

 52   7 1 
 10  1  7 10  1 7 1  98 
= tan 
–1
 + tan–1
= tan 
–1   + tan –1
= tan–1
+ tan–1
= tan–1  
 10 – 1  8 10 9  8 9 8 1 – 7  1 
 10   9 8 

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 56  9 
 72 
 65 72  
= tan  72 – 7  = tan–1  
–1 
 = tan–1(1) =
 72 65  4
 72 

38. Show that the function f : W  W defined by [CBSE 2012, 2011, 2009]
n  1 , if n is even
f(n) =  is a bijective function.
n – 1 , if n is odd

n  1 , n
f:W W f(n) = 
n – 1 , n
[CBSE 2012, 2011, 2009]
n  1 , if n is even
Sol. f(n) = 
n – 1 , if n is odd
(a) f is onto
Let n  W (= codomain)
If n = 2m, then f(2m +1) = (2m +1) – 1 = 2m = n
If n = 2m + 1, then f(2m) = 2m + 1 = n
Also f(1) = 0  f : W  W is onto
(b) f is one-one
let f(n1) = f(n2), n1, n2  W
If n1 and n2 either both are even or both are odd, then
 f(n1) = f(n2)  n1 + 1 = n2 + 1 (if both are even)  n1 = n2
Also f(n1) = f(n2)  n1 – 1 = n2 – 1 (if both are odd)  n1 = n2
In the case when one of n1 and n2 is even and the other is odd or vice-versa, we can’t have f(n1) = f(n2)
 f is one-one
Hence f : W  W is bijection.
n  1 , n
Hindi f(n) = 
n – 1 , n
(a) f n  W (= )
n = 2m, f(2m +1) = (2m +1) – 1 = 2m = n. n = 2m + 1, f(2m) = 2m + 1 = n
f(1) = 0  f : W  W
(b) f f(n1) = f(n2), n1, n2  W
n1 n2
 f(n1) = f(n2)  n1 + 1 = n2 + 1 ( )  n1 = n2
f(n1) = f(n2)  n1 – 1 = n2 – 1 ( )  n1 = n2
n1 n2 f(n1) = f(n2)
 f:W W
x – 2
39. Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. Consider the function f : A  B defined by f(x) =   . Show that f is one-
x–3
one and onto and hence find f–1. [CBSE 2012, 2006]
x – 2
A = R – {3} B = R – {1} f :A B f(x) =  
x–3
f f–1 [CBSE 2012, 2006]
x–2
Sol. Given, A = R – (3), B = R – [1] and f(x) =
x–3
For one-one : Let fo x1, x2  A
x1 – 2 x2 – 2
f(x1) = f(x2)  x – 3 = x – 3  x1x2 – 2x2 – 3x1 + 6 = x1x2 – 3x2 – 2x1+ 6  x2 = x1
1 2

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
As f(x1) = f(x2)  x 1 = x2
Hence, function is one-one
For onto : Let for y  B, there exists x  A such that y = f(x)
x–2 3y – 2
y=  xy – 3y = x – 2  xy – x = 3y – 2  x(y – 1) = 3y – 2  x = A ...(i)
x–3 y –1
Hence onto
3y – 2 3y – 2
For inverse, x=  f–1(y) = [From (i)]
y –1 y –1
3x – 2
 f–1(x) =
x –1
x–2
Hindi. , A = R – (3), B = R – [1] f(x) =
x–3
fo x1, x2  A
x1 – 2 x2 – 2
f(x1) = f(x2)  x – 3 = x – 3  x1x2 – 2x2 – 3x1 + 6 = x1x2 – 3x2 – 2x1+ 6  x2 = x1
1 2
f(x1) = f(x2)  x 1 = x2

y = f(x) yB x A
x–2
y=  xy – 3y = x – 2  xy – x = 3y – 2  x(y – 1) = 3y – 2
x–3
3y – 2
 x= A ...(i)
y –1
,
3y – 2 3y – 2
x=  f–1(y) = [(i) ]
y –1 y –1
3x – 2
 f–1(x) =
x –1

40. Using the principal values, evaluate the following : [CBSE 2012, 2009]
 1
tan–1 1 + sin–1   
 2
 1
tan–1 1 + sin–1    [CBSE 2012, 2009]
 2
 1   1   3   2 
Sol. We have tan–1 1 + sin–1    = – sin–1    = – = =
 2  4  2  4 6 12 12
 1   1   3   2 
Hindi tan–1 1 + sin–1    = – sin–1    = – = = .
 2 4  2 4 6 12 12

41. Solve for x : 2 tan–1(cos x) = tan–1 (2 cosec x). [CBSE 2012, 2009, 2006]
2 tan–1(cos x) = tan–1 (2 cosec x) x [CBSE 2012, 2009, 2006]
 –1 2 x 
 2 tan x  tan
–1
Sol. We have 2 tan–1(cosx) = tan–1 (2cosec x) 
 1– x2 
 2 cos x  2 cos x 2
 tan–1  2
 = tan–1 (2cosec x)  2 =  2sin2x = 2sinx cosx
 1 – cos x  sin x sin x
2sin2x – 2sinxcosx = 0  2sinx(sinx – cosx) = 0
 sinx = 0 or sinx – cosx = 0  sinx = sin0 or sinx = cosx

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 
 x = 0 or tanx = 1 = tan  x = 0 or x=
4 4

 cos x   x   
42. Prove that tan–1   – , x  – ,  [CBSE 2012, 2002]
 1  sin x  4 2  2 2
 cos x   x   
tan–1   – , x  – ,  [CBSE 2012, 2002]
 1  sin x  4 2  2 2

      x   x 
 sin 2 – x    sin 4 – 2  cos 4 – 2  
 cos x          
Sol. tan–1   = tan–1   = tan–1 
  

 1  sin x  
1  cos – x    x 
2 cos2  – 
 2    4 2 
   x   x
= tan–1 tan –  = –
  4 2  4 2

 8  3  36 
43. Prove that sin–1   + sin–1   = cos–1  . [CBSE 2012, 2010]
 17  5  85 
 8  3  36 
sin–1   + sin–1   = cos–1  . [CBSE 2012, 2010]
 17  5  85 
 8  3 8 9 3 64 
Sol. sin–1   + sin–1   = sin–1  1–  1– 
 17  5 17 25 5 289 

2
 8 4 3 15   32  45   77   77 
= sin –1
17  5  5  17  = sin-1  85  = sin-  85  = cos–1 1–   [sin–1x cos–1 1 – x2 ]
       85 

7225 – 5929 1296  36 

= cos–1 2 = cos–1 2 = cos–1  
(85 ) (85 )  85 

 63   5  3
44. Prove that sin–1   = sin–1   + cos–1   [CBSE 2012, 2009, 2006]
 65  13
  5
 63   5  3
sin–1   = sin–1   + cos–1   [CBSE 2012, 2009, 2006]
 65   13  5
 5  3
Sol. Consider , R.H.S. = sin–1   + cos–1  
 13  5
 5  4
= sin–1   + sin–1   [ cos–1x = sin–1 1 – x 2 ]
 13  5
5 16 4 25   2
= sin–1 13 1 – 25  5 1 – 169 
2
[ sin–1x + sin–1y = sin–1  x 1 – y  y 1 – x  ]
   

 5 3 4 12   63 
= sin–1      = sin–1   = L.H.S.
13 5 5 13   65 

2 4x  3
45. Show that the function f in A = R –   defined as f(x) = is one-one and onto. Hence find f–1 .
3  6x – 4
[CBSE 2013, 4]

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2 4x  3
A= R –   f f(x) =
3  6x – 4
f–1 [CBSE 2013, 4]
4x  3
Sol. Here f(x) =
6x – 4
2
One - One: Let x, y  R   such that f(x) = f(y)
3 
4x  3 4y  3
   (4x + 3) (6y – 4) = (4y + 3) (6x – 4)
6x – 4 6 y – 4
 24xy + 18y – 16x – 12 = 24xy + 18x – 16y – 12  18y –16x = 18x – 16y
 34y = 34x  x=y
2
Thus f(x) = f(y)  x = y for all x, y R –   . So, f is one-one map
3 
2
Onto : Let y be an arbitrary element of R –   . Then
3 
4y  3
f(x) = y  =y  4x + 3 = y = y(6x – 4)
6x – 4
4y  3
 4x+ 3 = (6y – 4)x  x = 6y – 4

2 2
Thus, for every y R –   there exists x R –   such that f(x) = y. So, f is onto.
3
  3 
4y  3 4y  3 4x  3
Here x = 6 y – 4  f–1(y) = 6 y – 4 . Hence, f–1(x) =
6x – 4
4x  3
Hindi: Sol. f(x) =
6x – 4
2
: x, y  R   f(x) = f(y)
3 
4x  3 4y  3
   (4x + 3) (6y – 4) = (4y + 3) (6x – 4)
6x – 4 6 y – 4
 24xy + 18y – 16x – 12 = 24xy + 18x – 16y – 12  18y –16x = 18x – 16y
 34y = 34x  x=y
2
f(x) = f(y)  x=y x, y R –   f
3 
2
: y, R–  
3 
4y  3
f(x) = y  =y  4x + 3 = y = y(6x – 4)
6x – 4
4y  3
 4x+ 3 = (6y – 4)x  x = 6y – 4

2 2
y R –   x R –   f(x) = y. f
3  3 
4y  3 4y  3 4x  3
x = 6y – 4  f–1(y) = 6 y – 4 f–1(x) =
6x – 4

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 1
46. Write the value of tan  2 tan–1  [CBSE 2013, 1]
 5 
 –1 1 
 2 tan 
 5
2x
Sol. Since 2 tan–1 x = tan–1 for |x| < 1
1– x 2
 
 1   2 
 2   
 1 5   5   5   –1 5  5
–1   –1  2
so , 2 tan = tan   1   = tan
–1
 24  = tan–1  12   tan  tan  =
5 1 –        12  12
   25 
 5 

 1
47. Write the principal value of tan–1 (1) + cos–1  –  . [CBSE 2013, 1]
 2
 1
tan–1 (1) + cos–1  – 
 2
 – 1  2 3  8 11
Sol. tan–1 (1) + cos–1   =  = =
 2  4 3 12 12

48. Find the value of the following : [CBSE 2013, 4]

1  –1 2x –1 1 – y 
2

tan 2  sin  cos ,

 1 x 2 1  y 2 

 1  1  1 
|x| < 1, y > 0 and xy < 1 or tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   =
 2 5 8 4

1  –1  2 x   1– y2 
Sol. tan sin  2
  cos –1 2
 ,

2   1 x   1 y 

1  –1 x  y   x  y
= tan [2tan–1 x + 2tan–1 y] = tan(tan–1 x + tan–1 y) = tan tan  1 – xy    1 – xy
2   
OR
 1 1 
  
 2 5   tan–1 
 1  1  1 1
L.H.S. = tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  1– 1  1  8
 2 5 8  
 2 5

 7   7 1   65 
      
 10   1 7  1  9 8   72 
= tan–1  1 – 1  + tan  8  = tan  9  + tan  8  = tan  1 – 7 . 1  = tan 65  = tan–1 (1)
–1 –1 –1 –1 –1

     
 10   9 8  72 

  
= tan–1  tan  = = R.H.S.
 4 4


49. If tan–1x + tan–1 y = , xy < 1, then write the value of x + y + xy..
4

tan–1x + tan–1 y = , xy < 1 , x + y + xy [CBSE 2014, 1]
4

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Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Sol. tan–1x + tan–1y = if xy < 1
4

 xy   xy 
tan–1  1  xy  =  1  xy = tan 4
  4
x + y = 1 – xy  x + y + xy = 1

x
50. If the fuction f: R  R be given by f(x) = x2 + 2 and g : R  R be given by g(x) = , x  1, find fog and gof
x 1
and hence find fog (2) and gof (–3). [CBSE 2014, 4]
x
f: R  R, f(x) = x2 + 2 g : R  R be given by g(x) = ,x1 fog gof
x 1
fog (2) gof (–3) [CBSE 2014, 4]
x
Sol. f : R  R, f(x) = x2 + 2 , g : R  R, g(x) = ,x 1
x 1
fog (x) = f [g(x)] gof (x) = g[f(x)]
2
 x  x2  2
fog(x) =   +2 gof(x) =
 x  1 x2  1
92 11
fog(2) = 4 + 2 = 6 gof (–3) = =
9 1 10

 1 x  1 x   1 1
51. tan–1   =  cos–1x, x1
 1  x  1  x  4 2 2

 x 2 x2 
tan–1   + tan–1  = , x
x 4 x4 4

 1 x  1 x   1 1
Prove that tan–1   =  cos–1x, x1 ITF [CBSE 2014, 4]
 1  x  1  x  4 2 2
OR
 x 2 x2 
If tan–1   + tan–1   = , find the value of x.
x 4 x4 4
ITF [CBSE 2014, 4]
Sol. x = cos 2 ..(1)
 1  cos 2  1  cos 2   cos   sin   1  tan  
= tan–1   = tan–1   = tan–1  
 1  cos 2  1  cos 2   cos   sin   1  tan  

    1
= tan–1 tan   0  = –  = – cos–1 x
4  4 2 2
OR

 x2 x2 
 x4  x4 
x2 x2    
tan–1
x4
+ tan–1
x4
=
4
; tan–1 1  x  2  x  2  = 4
 x  4 x  4 

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ADVFNIT - 136
Functions & Inverse Trigonometric Functions
( x  2)( x  4)  ( x  2)( x  4)
=1  x2 + 2x – 8 + x2 – 2x – 8 = (x2 – 16) – (x2 – 4)
( x 2  16 )  ( x 2  4)
2x2 – 16 = – 16 + 4  2x2 = 4  x2 = 2  x =  2.

52. Evaluate ( ):

  1 
tan 2 tan 1    [Inverse Trigonometric Function] [CBSE 2015, 4]
  5  4

 2   2 
   
–1
1 –1  5  –1  5  5
Sol. 2tan = tan = tan = tan–1
5  1   24  12
 1   
 25   25 

5  5 17
tan tan 1
 tan 1
 1 5  12 4 12 12 17
= tan  tan   = = = 7 =
 12 4   5   5 7
1   tan tan 1  tan 1
12
 12  4 12

EXERCISE - 1

EXERCISE - 2

EXERCISE - 3

Corporate Office: CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
Website : www.resonance.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected]
Toll Free : 1800 200 2244 | 1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PTC024029
ADVFNIT - 137