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    Pigeon Hole Principle

    Uploaded by

    Satyankar Chandra
    This document contains solutions to various math problems posed on the Aryabhatta PHP page. Problem 1 asks to show that in a group of 13 people, at least two have birthdays in the same month. The solution uses the pigeonhole principle by treating months as holes and birthdays as pigeons. Problem 5 involves placing points in boxes such that the pigeonhole principle can be applied to show two points are close. Later problems involve placing points in shapes like triangles. Hints are given to reduce boxes/regions to apply the pigeonhole principle where needed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Pigeon Hole Principle

    Uploaded by

    Satyankar Chandra
    148 views25 pages
    This document contains solutions to various math problems posed on the Aryabhatta PHP page. Problem 1 asks to show that in a group of 13 people, at least two have birthdays in the same month. The solution uses the pigeonhole principle by treating months as holes and birthdays as pigeons. Problem 5 involves placing points in boxes such that the pigeonhole principle can be applied to show two points are close. Later problems involve placing points in shapes like triangles. Hints are given to reduce boxes/regions to apply the pigeonhole principle where needed.

    Original Description:

    Intro to PHP

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    This document contains solutions to various math problems posed on the Aryabhatta PHP page. Problem 1 asks to show that in a group of 13 people, at least two have birthdays in the same month. The solution uses the pigeonhole principle by treating months as holes and birthdays as pigeons. Problem 5 involves placing points in boxes such that the pigeonhole principle can be applied to show two points are close. Later problems involve placing points in shapes like triangles. Hints are given to reduce boxes/regions to apply the pigeonhole principle where needed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    148 views25 pages

    Pigeon Hole Principle

    Uploaded by

    Satyankar Chandra
    This document contains solutions to various math problems posed on the Aryabhatta PHP page. Problem 1 asks to show that in a group of 13 people, at least two have birthdays in the same month. The solution uses the pigeonhole principle by treating months as holes and birthdays as pigeons. Problem 5 involves placing points in boxes such that the pigeonhole principle can be applied to show two points are close. Later problems involve placing points in shapes like triangles. Hints are given to reduce boxes/regions to apply the pigeonhole principle where needed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Tuesday, June 2, 2020 7:04 PM

    Hello Everybody!

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 1


    Challenge
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:00 PM

    Let's play a game.


    Find 5 natural numbers such that the difference of any two is not divisible by 4.

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 2


    Introduction
    Monday, June 1, 2020 7:52 PM

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 3


    Problem 0
    Monday, June 1, 2020 9:50 PM

    a)

    b)

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 4


    Problem 0 solution
    Tuesday, June 2, 2020 7:25 PM

    a)

    BLACK WHITE

    b)

    1st pair 2nd pair 13th pair

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 5


    Problem 1
    Monday, June 1, 2020 7:57 PM

    Show that in a group of 13 people at least two of them have their birthdays in the same
    month.

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 6


    Problem 1 Solution
    Monday, June 1, 2020 9:52 PM

    January February March December

    12 "Holes"

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 7


    General Pigeon Hole
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:06 PM

    Let us suppose if possible that every hole contains less than k+1 pigeons. Then
    obviously each hole would contain at most k pigeons right?
    Now the total number of pigeons in this case = n(k) which is less than the given nk+1.

    Simple Proof

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 8


    Problem 2
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:07 PM

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 9


    Problem 2 Solution
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:07 PM

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 10


    P3
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:26 PM

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 11


    P3 sol.
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:26 PM

    Possible sums are -3 , -2 , -2 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , that is a total of 7 values .


    But we are given 8 sums . Khatam!

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 12


    P4(a)
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:13 PM

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 13


    P4(a) Solution
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:13 PM

    CASE 1 :

    CASE 2:

    CASE 3:

    CASE 4 :

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 14


    Aryabhatta PHP Page 15
    P4(b)
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:21 PM

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 16


    P4(b) Solution
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:13 PM

    CASE 1 :

    CASE 2:

    CASE 3:

    CASE 4 :

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 17


    Aryabhatta PHP Page 18
    Challenge solution
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:00 PM

    Given 5 integers , show that two of them can be chosen whose difference is divisible by 4.

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 19


    P5
    Monday, June 1, 2020 9:32 PM

    HINT : Try to reduce the number of boxes so that


    PHP may be applied.

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 20


    P5 sol.
    Monday, June 1, 2020 9:32 PM

    OR

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 21


    P6
    Monday, June 1, 2020 9:43 PM

    Ten points are placed within an equilateral


    triangle of side length 3. Show that there
    exists two points with distance at most 1
    unit apart.

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 22


    P6 Solution
    Monday, June 1, 2020 9:43 PM

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 23


    P7 ( thoda sa difficult)
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:09 PM

    HINT : Again try to reduce the number of boxes so


    that PHP may be applied.

    NOTE : This requires a little knowledge of Permutation and


    Combination , so if you guys have not done it yet , you may leave
    this.

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 24


    P7 Solution
    Monday, June 1, 2020 8:09 PM

    Aryabhatta PHP Page 25

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