Concept of Rights and Duties Under Jurisprudence: Essential Conditions of Legal Right
Concept of Rights and Duties Under Jurisprudence: Essential Conditions of Legal Right
Concept of Rights and Duties Under Jurisprudence: Essential Conditions of Legal Right
Jurisprudence
Introduction
The law protects the legal right of every citizen. By being a citizen of the country, the people are given
the legal right. It is the duty of every individual to protect the rights of each individual.
Meaning
In general word, it means that the action which is permitted by the law is called legal right or
the act which is recognized or protected by the state is called legal right.
According to Salmond:
A legal right is an “interest which is protected and recognized by the rule of law. It is an
interest which has its duty and disregard of which is wrong”.
He shall be the person who is the owner of the right. He is the subject of the
legal right. Such a person is called a person of inheritance. Example:-Y
purchase a van for TK 20,000. Here Y is the subject of the right.
The subject of duty/ the person of incidence:
It is the duty of another person or persons to respect and recognize the right of
the person. Such a person who has a legal duty is called a person of incidence.
Example- If A has a legal right against B, then it is the duty of B to respect the
right of A.
The subject matter of legal right is an essential element. It deals with the
subject matter of the legal right. It is related to do something or to refrain from
doing certain acts or forbearance. It obligates the person to forbear or act in
favour of the person possessing a legal right. Example-Y purchase a van for TK
20,000. Here Y is the subject of the right. The subject matter (Y) has a legal
right and he can exclude others.
The object of the legal rights is a thing or object over which the legal right is
exercised. Example- A purchases the car for TK 10,00,000. Here the car is the
object.
The title is the process by which the right is vested or conferred on the person.
It is certain events by which right is acquired from its previous owner. Example-
By purchase or gift or will etc.
Classification of Legal Right
Right in rem and Right in Persona
The right in rem is the right available against society at large. For Example:- a
crime committed under Penal Code because it is a crime committed against the
state.
The negative rights are the rights which omit the person from performing
certain acts. Negative rights correspond to negative duty. The person on whom
such duty is imposed is restrained from performing certain acts.
The proprietary right is given in respect of the owner of the property. These
rights are rights which has some monetary value or economic value and
constitute the estate of the person. Example-patent rights, right to land, debt
etc.
Imperfect rights are those rights which are neither recognized nor protected by
law. Example: if the loan becomes time-barred, then he can claim his money
back but it cannot be enforced by law.
The accessory right is the consequential or incidental right. They are not
important but they are ostensible to basic right.
The incorporeal right is the right over the object which cannot be seen or
touched. Example right to reputation.
Equitable rights are protected by the equity court or the court of chancellor. The
basic principle is natural justice, equity, justice and good conscience.
Contingent rights are rights which are conferred on the happening or non-
happening of certain acts. This right depends upon future acts. If the act which
is prescribed take place then only the right will be conferred on the person.
Duties
When the right is given to the person then it is assumed that certain duties are
also imposed on the person. The right has its correlative duties. There are two
kinds of duties when it is the obligation of the person to perform his duty when
he has a legal duty but in case of moral duty he has no obligation. It is on the
discretion of an individual. The duties are classified into absolute and relative
duty, positive and negative duty and primary and secondary duty.