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 Class –VII Mathematics (Ex. 12.1)
Questions

1. Get the algebraic expressions in the following cases using variables, constants and arithmetic
operations:
(i) Subtraction of z from y.
(ii) One-half of the sum of numbers x and y.
(iii) The number z multiplied by itself.
(iv) One-fourth of the product of numbers p and q.
(v) Numbers x and y both squared and added.
(vi) Number 5 added to three times the product of m and n.
(vii) Product of numbers y and z subtracted from 10.
(viii) Sum of numbers a and b subtracted from their product.
2. (i) Identify the terms and their factors in the following expressions, show the terms and
factors by tree diagram:
(a) x − 3 (b) 1 + x + x 2 (c) y − y 3
(d) 5 xy 2 + 7 x 2 y (e) − ab + 2b 2 − 3a 2
(ii) Identify the terms and factors in the expressions given below:
(a) −4 x + 5 (b) −4 x + 5 y (c) 5 y + 3 y 2
(d) xy + 2 x 2 y 2 (e) pq + q (f) 1.2ab − 2.4b + 3.6a
3 1
(g) x+ (h) 0.1 p 2 + 0.2q 2
4 4

3. Identify the numerical coefficients of terms (other than constants) in the following
expressions:
(i) 5 − 3t 2 (ii) 1+ t + t2 + t3 (iii) x + 2 xy + 3 y
(iv) 100m + 1000n (v) − p 2 q 2 + 7 pq (vi) 1.2a + 0.8b
(vii) 3.14r 2 (viii) 2 (l + b) (ix) 0.1 y + 0.01 y 2

4. (a) Identify terms which contain x and give the coefficient of x.

(i) y2 x + y (ii) 13 y 2 − 8 yx (iii) x+ y+2
(iv) 5 + z + zx (v) 1 + x + xy (vi) 12 xy 2 + 25
(vii) 7 x + xy 2
(b) Identify terms which contain y 2 and give the coefficient of y 2 .
(i) 8 − xy 2 (ii) 5 y2 + 7 x (iii) 2 x 2 y − 15 xy 2 + 7 y 2
5. Classify into monomials, binomials and trinomials:
 (i) 4 y − 7x (ii) y2 (iii) x + y − xy
(iv) 100 (v) ab − a − b (vi) 5 − 3t
(vii) 4 p 2 q − 4 pq 2 (viii) 7mn (ix) z 2 − 3z + 8
(x) a 2 + b2 (xi) z2 + z (xii) 1 + x + x2
6. State whether a given pair of terms is of like or unlike terms:
5
(i) 1, 100 (ii) −7 x, x (iii) −29 x, −29 y
2
(iv) 14 xy , 42 yx (v) 4m 2 p, 4mp 2 (vi) 12 xz,12 x 2 z 2
7. Identify like terms in the following:
(a) − xy 2 , −4 yx 2 ,8 x 2 , 2 xy 2 , 7 y , −11x 2 − 100 x, −11 yx, 20 x 2 y, −6 x 2 , y , 2 xy, 3 x
(b) 10 pq, 7 p,8q, − p 2 q 2 , −7 qp, −100q, −23,12q 2 p 2 , −5 p 2 , 41, 2405 p, 78qp,13 p 2 q, qp 2 , 701 p 2
 Class –VII Mathematics (Ex. 12.1)
Answers

x+ y
1. (i) y−z (ii)
2
pq
(iii) z2 (iv)
4
(v) x2 + y2 (vi) 3mn + 5
(vii) 10 − yz (viii) ab − ( a + b )
2. (i) (a) x−3
Expression

Terms

Factors
(b) 1 + x + x2
Expression

Terms

Factors
(c) y − y3
Expression

Terms

Factors
(d) 5 xy 2 + 7 x 2 y
Expression

Terms

Factors

(e) − ab + 2b 2 − 3a 2
Expression

Terms
Factors –
 (ii) (a) −4 x + 5 (b) −4 x + 5 y
Terms: −4 x, 5 Terms: −4 x,5 y
Factors: −4, x ; 5 Factors: −4, x ; 5, y

(c) 5 y + 3 y2 (d) xy + 2 x 2 y 2
Terms: 5 y,3 y 2 Terms: xy, 2 x 2 y 2
Factors: 5, y ; 3, y , y Factors: x, y ; 2 x, x, y , y

(e) pq + q (f) 1.2ab − 2.4b + 3.6a

Terms: pq, q Terms: 1.2ab, −2.4b, 3.6a
Factors: p , q ; q Factors: 1.2, a, b ; − 2.4, b ; 3.6, a

3 1
(g) x+ (h) 0.1 p 2 + 0.2q 2
4 4
3 1
Terms: x, Terms: 0.1 p 2 , 0.2q 2
4 4
3 1
Factors: , x ; Factors: 0.1, p, p ; 0.2, q, q
4 4

3. Sol.
S.No. Expression Terms Numerical Coefficient
(i) 5 − 3t 2 −3t 2 −3
t 1
(ii) 1+ t + t2 + t3 t2 1
t3 1
x 1
(iii) x + 2 xy + 3 y 2xy 2
3y 3
100m 100
(iv) 100m + 1000n
1000n 1000
− p2q2 −1
(v) − p 2 q 2 + 7 pq
7 pq 7
1.2a 1.2
(vi) 1.2a + 0.8b
0.8b 0.8
(vii) 3.14r 2 3.14r 2 3.14
(viii) 2 ( l + b ) = 2l + 2b 2l 2
2b 2
0.1y 0.1
(ix) 0.1 y + 0.01 y 2
0.01y 2 0.01
4. (a) Sol.
S.No. Expression Term with factor x Coefficient of x
(i) y2 x + y y2 x y2
(ii) 13 y 2 − 8 yx −8 yx −8 y
(iii) x+ y+2 x 1
(iv) 5 + z + zx zx z
x 1
(v) 1 + x + xy
xy y
(vi) 12 xy 2 + 25 12xy 2 12 y 2
xy 2 y2
(vii) 7 x + xy 2
7x 7

(b) Sol.
S.No. Expression Term contains y 2 Coefficient of y 2
(i) 8 − xy 2 − xy 2 −x
(ii) 5 y2 + 7 x 5 y2 5
−15xy 2
−15x
(iii) 2 x 2 y − 15 xy 2 + 7 y 2 2
7y 7

5. Sol.
S.No. Expression Type of Polynomial
(i) 4 y − 7z Binomial
(ii) y2 Monomial
(iii) x + y − xy Trinomial
(iv) 100 Monomial
(v) ab − a − b Trinomial
(vi) 5 − 3t Binomial
(vii) 4 p q − 4 pq 2
2
Binomial
(viii) 7mn Monomial
(ix) z − 3z + 8
2
Trinomial
(x) a 2 + b2 Binomial
(xi) z2 + z Binomial
(xii) 1 + x + x2 Trinomial

6. Sol.
S.No. Pair of terms Like / Unlike terms
(i) 1, 100 Like terms
5
(ii) −7 x, x Like terms
2
(iii) −29 x, −29 y Unlike terms
(iv) 14 xy, 42 yx Like terms
 (v) 4m2 p, 4mp 2 Unlike terms
2 2
(vi) 12 xz ,12 x z Unlike terms

7. (a) Like terms are:

(i) − xy 2 ,2 xy 2 (ii) −4 yx 2 , 20 x 2 y (iii) 8 x 2 , −11x 2 , −6 x 2
(iv) 7 y , y (v) −100 x,3x (vi) −11 yx, 2 xy

(b) Like terms are:

(i) 10 pq, −7 pq,78 pq (ii) 7 p, 2405 p (iii) 8q, −100q
(iv) − p 2 q 2 ,12 p 2 q 2 (v) −12, 41 (vi) −5 p 2 ,701 p 2
(vii) 13 p 2 q, qp 2
 Class –VII Mathematics (Ex. 12.2)
Questions

1. Simplify combining like terms:

(i) 21b − 32 + 7b − 20b
(ii) − z 2 + 13 z 2 − 5 x + 7 z 3 − 15 z
(iii) p − ( p − q) − q − (q − p)
(iv) 3a − 2b − ab − ( a − b + ab ) + 3ab + b − a
(v) 5 x 2 y − 5 x 2 + 3 yx 2 − 3 y 2 + x 2 − y 2 + 8 xy 2 − 3 y 2
(vi) (3 y 2
+ 5 y − 4 ) − (8 y − y 2 − 4 )
2. Add:
(i) 3mn, −5mn,8mn − 4mn
(ii) t − 8tz , 3tz − z , z − t
(iii) −7 mn + 5,12mn + 2, 9mn − 8, −2mn − 3
(iv) a + b − 3, b − a + 3, a − b + 3
(v) 14 x + 10 y − 12 xy − 13,18 − 7 x − 10 y + 8 xy , 4 xy
(vi) 5m − 7 n,3n − 4m + 2, 2m − 3mn − 5
(vii) 4 x 2 y, −3 xy 2 , −5 xy 2 ,5 x 2 y
(viii) 3 p 2 q 2 − 4 pq + 5, −10 p 2 q 2 ,15 + 9 pq + 7 p 2 q 2
(ix) ab − 4a, 4b − ab, 4a − 4b
(x) x 2 − y 2 − 1, y 2 − 1 − x 2 ,1 − x 2 − y 2
3. Subtract:
(i) −5y 2 from y 2
(ii) 6xy from −12xy
(iii) ( a − b ) from ( a + b )
(iv) a ( b − 5 ) from b ( 5 − a )
(v) − m 2 + 5mn from 4m 2 − 3mn + 8
(vi) − x 2 + 10 x − 5 from 5 x − 10
(vii) 5a 2 − 7 ab + 5b 2 from 3ab − 2a 2 − 2b 2
(viii) 4 pq − 5q 2 − 3 p 2 from 5 p 2 + 3q 2 − pq
4. (a) What should be added to x 2 + xy + y 2 to obtain 2 x 2 + 3 xy ?
(b) What should be subtracted from 2a + 8b + 10 to get −3a + 7b + 16 ?
5. What should be taken away from 3 x 2 − 4 y 2 + 5 xy + 20 to obtain − x 2 − y 2 + 6 xy + 20 ?
6. (a) From the sum of 3 x − y + 11 and − y − 11, subtract the sum of 3 x 2 − 5 x and − x 2 + 2 x + 5.
 Class –VII Mathematics (Ex. 12.2)
Answers

1. (i) 21b − 32 + 7b − 20b = 21b + 7b − 20b − 32

= 28b − 20b − 32 = 8b − 32
(ii) − z + 13z − 5 z + 7 z 3 − 15 z = 7 z 3 + ( − z 2 + 13z 2 ) − ( 5 z + 15 z )
2 2

= 7 z 3 + 12 z 2 − 20 z
(iii) p − ( p − q) − q − (q − p) = p − p + q − q − q + p
= p− p+ p+q−q−q = p−q
(iv) 3a − 2b − ab − ( a − b + ab ) + 3ab + b − a = 3a − 2b − ab − a + b − ab + 3ab + b − a
= 3a − a − a − 2b + b + b − ab − ab + 3ab
= ( 3a − a − a ) − ( 2b − b − b ) − ( ab + ab − 3ab )
= a − 0 − ( −ab )
= a + ab
(v) 5 x y − 5 x + 3 yx − 3 y + x 2 − y 2 + 8 xy 2 − 3 y 2 = 5 x 2 y + 3 yx 2 + 8 xy 2 − 5 x 2 + x 2 − 3 y 2 − y 2 − 3 y 2
2 2 2 2

= ( 5 x 2 y + 3x 2 y ) + 8 xy 2 − ( 5 x 2 − x 2 ) − ( 3 y 2 + y 2 + 3 y 2 )
= 8 x 2 y + 8 xy 2 − 4 x 2 − 7 y 2
(vi) (3 y 2
+ 5 y − 4 ) − (8 y − y 2 − 4 ) = 3 y 2 + 5 y − 4 − 8 y + y 2 + 4

= (3 y 2 + y 2 ) + (5 y − 8 y ) − ( 4 − 4 )
= 4 y2 − 3y − 0 = 4 y2 − 3y
2. (i) 3mn, −5mn,8mn, −4mn = 3mn + ( −5mn ) + 8mn + ( −4mn )
= ( 3 − 5 + 8 − 4 ) mn = 2mn
(ii) t − 8tz,3tz − z, z − t = t − 8tz + 3tz − z + z − t
= t − t − 8tz + 3tz − z + z
= (1 − 1) t + ( −8 + 3) tz + ( −1 + 1) z
= 0 − 5tz + 0 = −5tz
(iii) −7 mn + 5,12mn + 2,9mn − 8, −2mn − 3 = −7 mn + 5 + 12mn + 2 + 9mn − 8 + ( −2mn ) − 3
= −7 mn + 12mn + 9 mn − 2 mn + 5 + 2 − 8 − 3
= ( −7 + 12 + 9 − 2 ) mn + 7 − 11
= 12mn − 4
(iv) a + b − 3, b − a + 3, a − b + 3 = a + b − 3 + b − a + 3 + a − b + 3
= ( a − a + a ) + (b + b − b) − 3 + 3 + 3
= a+b+3
(v) 14 x + 10 y − 12 xy − 13,18 − 7 x − 10 y + 8 xy, 4 xy = 14 x + 10 y − 12 xy − 13 + 18 − 7 x − 10 y + 8 xy + 4 xy
= 14 x − 7 x + 10 y − 10 y − 12 xy + 8 xy + 4 xy − 13 + 18
= 7 x + 0 y + 0 xy + 5 = 7 x + 5
 (vi) 5m − 7n,3n − 4m + 2, 2m − 3mn − 5 = 5m − 7n + 3n − 4m + 2 + 2m − 3mn − 5
= 5m − 4 m + 2m − 7 n + 3n − 3mn + 2 − 5
= ( 5 − 4 + 2 ) m + ( −7 + 3) n − 3mn − 3
= 3m − 4n + 3mn − 3
(vii) 4 x y, −3xy , −5 xy ,5 x y = 4 x 2 y + (−3xy 2 ) + (−5 xy 2 ) + 5 x 2 y
2 2 2 2

= 4 x 2 y + 5 x 2 y − 3xy 2 − 5 xy 2
= 9 x 2 y − 8 xy 2
(viii) 3 p 2 q 2 − 4 pq + 5, −10 p 2 q 2 ,15 + 9 pq + 7 p 2 q 2 = 3 p 2 q 2 − 4 pq + 5 + ( −10 p 2 q 2 ) + 15 + 9 pq + 7 p 2 q 2

= 3 p 2 q 2 − 10 p 2 q 2 + 7 p 2 q 2 + 4 pq + 9 pq + 5 + 15
= ( 3 − 10 + 7 ) p 2 q 2 + ( −4 + 9 ) pq + 20
= 0 p 2 q 2 + 5 pq + 20 = 5 pq + 20
(ix) ab − 4a, 4b − ab, 4a − ab = ab − 4a + 4b − ab + 4a − ab
= −4a + 4 a + 4b − 4b + ab − ab
= 0+0+0=0
(x) x − y − 1, y − 1 − x ,1 − x 2 − y 2 = x 2 − y 2 − 1 + y 2 − 1 − x 2 + 1 − x 2 − y 2
2 2 2 2

= x2 − x2 − x2 − y 2 + y 2 − y 2 − 1 − 1 + 1
= (1 − 1 − 1) x 2 + ( −1 + 1 − 1) y 2 − 1 − 1 + 1
= − x2 − y 2 − 1
3. (i) y 2 − ( −5 y 2 ) = y 2 + 5 y 2 = 6y 2

(ii) −12 xy − ( 6 xy ) = −12 xy − 6 xy = −18xy

(iii) ( a + b ) − ( a − b ) = a + b − a + b = a − a + b + b = 2b
(iv) b ( 5 − a ) − a ( b − 5 ) = 5b − ab − ab + 5a = 5b − 2ab + 5a = 5a + 5b − 2 ab
(v) 4m 2 − 3mn + 8 − ( −m 2 + 5mn ) = 4m 2 − 3mn + 8 + m 2 − 5mn

= 4m2 + m2 − 3mn − 5mn + 8

= 5m2 − 8mn + 8
(vi) 5 x − 10 − ( − x 2 + 10 x − 5 ) = 5 x − 10 + x 2 − 10 x + 5

= x 2 + 5 x − 10 x − 10 + 5 = x 2 − 5 x − 5
(vii) 3ab − 2a 2 − 2b 2 − ( 5a 2 − 7ab + 5b 2 ) = 3ab − 2a 2 − 2b 2 − 5a 2 + 7 ab − 5b 2

= 3ab + 7 ab − 2a 2 − 5a 2 − 2b 2 − 5b 2
= 10ab − 7 a 2 − 7b 2
= −7 a 2 − 7b 2 + 10ab
(viii) 5 p 2 + 3q 2 − pq − ( 4 pq − 5q 2 − 3 p 2 ) = 5 p 2 + 3q 2 − pq − 4 pq + 5q 2 + 3 p 2

= 5 p 2 + 3 p 2 + 3q 2 + 5q 2 − pq − 4 pq
= 8 p 2 + 8q 2 − 5 pq
4. (a) Let p should be added.
Then according to question,
x2 + xy + y 2 + p = 2 x 2 + 3xy ⇒ p = 2 x 2 + 3 xy − ( x 2 + xy + y 2 )

⇒ p = 2 x 2 + 3xy − x 2 − xy − y 2 ⇒ p = 2 x 2 − x 2 − y 2 + 3xy − xy
⇒ p = x 2 − y 2 + 2 xy
Hence, x 2 − y 2 + 2 xy should be added.
(b) Let q should be subtracted.
Then according to question,
2a + 8b + 10 − q = −3a + 7b + 16 ⇒ − q = −3a + 7b + 16 − ( 2a + 8b + 10 )
⇒ − q = −3a + 7b + 16 − 2a − 8b − 10 ⇒ − q = −3a − 2a + 7b − 8b + 16 − 10
⇒ − q = −5a − b + 6 ⇒ q = − ( −5a − b + 6 )
⇒ q = 5a + b − 6
5. Let q should be subtracted.
Then according to question,
3x 2 − 4 y 2 + 5 xy + 20 − q = − x 2 − y 2 + 6 xy + 20
⇒ q = 3 x 2 − 4 y 2 + 5 xy + 20 − ( − x 2 − y 2 + 6 xy + 20 )

⇒ q = 3x 2 − 4 y 2 + 5 xy + 20 + x 2 + y 2 − 6 xy − 20
⇒ q = 3x 2 + x 2 − 4 y 2 + y 2 + 5 xy − 6 xy + 20 − 20
⇒ q = 4 x 2 − 3 y 2 − xy + 0
Hence, 4 x 2 − 3 y 2 − xy should be subtracted.

6. (a) According to question,

( 3x − y + 11) + ( − y − 11) − ( 3x − y − 11) = 3x − y + 11 − y − 11 − 3x + y + 11
= 3x − 3x − y − y + y + 11 − 11 + 11
= ( 3 − 3) x − (1 + 1 − 1) y + 11 + 11 − 11
= 0 x − y + 11 = − y + 11
(b) According to question,
( 4 + 3 x ) + ( 5 − 4 x + 2 x 2 )  − ( 3 x 2 − 5 x ) + ( − x 2 + 2 x + 5 ) 
   
=  4 + 3 x + 5 − 4 x + 2 x 2  − 3 x 2 − 5 x − x 2 + 2 x + 5
=  2 x 2 + 3x − 4 x + 5 + 4  − 3 x 2 − x 2 + 2 x − 5 x + 5
=  2 x 2 − x + 9  −  2 x 2 − 3 x + 5
= 2 x 2 − x + 9 − 2 x 2 + 3x − 5
= 2 x 2 − 2 x 2 − x + 3x + 9 − 5
= 2x + 4
 Class –VII Mathematics (Ex. 12.3)
Questions

1. If m = 2, find the value of:

(i) m−2 (ii) 3m − 5 (iii) 9 − 5m (iv) 3m 2 − 2m − 7
5m
(v) −4
2
2. If p = −2, find the value of:
(i) 4p+7 (ii) −3 p 2 + 4 p + 7 (iii) −2 p 3 − 3 p 2 + 4 p + 7
3. Find the value of the following expressions, when x = −1:
(i) 2x − 7 (ii) −x + 2 (iii) x2 + 2 x + 1 (iv) 2x2 − x − 2
4. If a = 2, b = −2, find the value of:
(i) a 2 + b2 (ii) a 2 + ab + b 2 (iii) a 2 − b2
5. When a = 0, b = −1, find the value of the given expressions:
(i) 2a + 2b (ii) 2a 2 + b 2 + 1
(iii) 2a 2b + 2ab 2 + ab (iv) a 2 + ab + 2
6. Simplify the expressions and find the value if x is equal to 2:
(i) x + 7 + 4 ( x − 5) (ii) 3( x + 2) + 5x − 7
(iii) 6x + 5 ( x − 2) (iv) 4 ( 2 x − 1) + 3x + 11
7. Simplify these expressions and find their values if x = 3, a = −1, b = −2 :
(i) 3x − 5 − x + 9 (ii) 2 − 8x + 4x + 4 (iii) 3a + 5 − 8a + 1
(iv) 10 − 3b − 4 − 5b (v) 2a − 2b − 4 − 5 + a
8. (i) If z = 10, find the value of z − 3 ( z − 10 ) .
3

(ii) If p = −10, find the value of p 2 − 2 p − 100.

9. What should be the value of a if the value of 2 x 2 + x − a equals to 5, when x = 0 ?
10. Simplify the expression and find its value when a = 5 and b = −3 : 2 ( a 2 + ab ) + 3 − ab
 Class –VII Mathematics (Ex. 12.3)
Answers

1. (i) m−2 = 2−2 [Putting m = 2 ]

=0
(ii) 3m − 5 = 3 × 2 − 5 [Putting m = 2 ]
=6–5=1
(iii) 9 − 5m = 9 – 5 x 2 [Putting m = 2 ]
= 9 – 10 = −1
3m 2 − 2m − 7 = 3 ( 2 ) − 2 ( 2 ) − 7 [Putting m = 2 ]
2
(iv)
= 3 x 4 – 2 x 2 – 7 = 12 – 4 – 7
= 12 – 11 = 1
5m 5× 2
(v) −4 = −4 [Putting m = 2 ]
2 2
=5–4=1

2. (i) 4 p + 7 = 4 ( −2 ) + 7 [Putting p = −2 ]
= −8 + 7 = −1
−3 p 2 + 4 p + 7 = −3 ( −2 ) + 4 ( −2 ) + 7 [Putting p = −2 ]
2
(ii)
= −3 × 4 − 8 + 7 = −12 − 8 + 7
= −20 + 7 = −13
−2 p 3 − 3 p 2 + 4 p + 7 = − 2 ( − 2 ) − 3 ( − 2 ) + 4 ( − 2 ) + 7 [Putting p = −2 ]
3 2
(iii)
= = −2 × ( −8 ) − 3 × 4 − 8 + 7 = 16 − 12 − 8 + 7
= −20 + 23 = 3

3. (i) 2 x − 7 = 2 ( −1) − 7 [Putting x = −1 ]

= −2 − 7 = −9
(ii) − x + 2 = − ( −1) + 2 [Putting x = −1 ]
=1+2=3
x + 2 x + 1 = ( −1) + 2 ( −1) + 1 [Putting x = −1 ]
2 2
(iii)
=1–2+1=2–2=0
2 x − x − 2 = 2 ( −1) − ( −1) − 2 [Putting x = −1 ]
2 2
(iv)
=2x1+1–2=2+1–2
=3–2
=1
 a 2 + b 2 = ( 2 ) + ( −2 ) [Putting a = 2, b = −2 ]
2 2
4. (i)
=4+4=8
a + ab + b 2 = ( 2 ) + ( 2 )( −2 ) + ( −2 ) [Putting a = 2, b = −2 ]
2 2 2
(ii)
=4–4+4=4
a − b = ( 2 ) − ( −2 ) [Putting a = 2, b = −2 ]
2 2 2 2
(iii)
=4–4=0

5. (i) 2a + 2b = 2 ( 0 ) + 2 ( −1) [Putting a = 0, b = −1 ]

= 0 – 2 = −2
2a 2 + b 2 + 1 = 2 ( 0 ) + ( −1) + 1 [Putting a = 0, b = −1 ]
2 2
(ii)
=2x0+1+1=0+2=2
2a 2b + 2ab 2 + ab = 2 ( 0 ) ( −1) + 2 ( 0 )( −1) + ( 0 )( −1) [Putting a = 0, b = −1 ]
2 2
(iii)
=0+0+0=0
a 2 + ab + 2 = ( 0 ) + ( 0 )( −1) + 2 [Putting a = 0, b = −1 ]
2
(iv)
=0+0+2=2

6. (i) x + 7 + 4 ( x − 5) = x + 7 + 4 x − 20 = x + 4 x + 7 − 20
= 5 x − 13 = 5 × 2 − 13 [Putting x = 2 ]
= 10 − 13 = −3
(ii) 3 ( x + 2 ) + 5 x − 7 = 3x + 6 + 5 x − 7 = 3x + 5 x + 6 − 7
= 8x −1 = 8 x 2 – 1 [Putting x = −1 ]
= 16 – 1 = 15
(iii) 6 x + 5 ( x − 2 ) = 6 x + 5 x − 10 = 11x − 10
= 11 x 2 – 10 [Putting x = −1 ]
= 22 – 10 = 12
(iv) 4 ( 2 x − 1) + 3x + 11 = 8 x − 4 + 3 x + 11 = 8 x + 3x − 4 + 11
= 11x + 7 = 11 x 2 + 7 [Putting x = −1 ]
= 22 + 7 = 29

7. (i) 3x − 5 − x + 9 = 3x − x − 5 + 9 = 2 x + 4
= 2×3 + 4 [Putting x = 3 ]
= 6 + 4 = 10
(ii) 2 − 8 x + 4 x + 4 = −8 x + 4 x + 2 + 4 = −4 x + 6
= −4 × 3 + 6 [Putting x = 3 ]
= −12 + 6 = −12
(iii) 3a + 5 − 8a + 1 = 3a − 8a + 5 + 1 = −5a + 6
 = −5 ( −1) + 6 [Putting a = −1 ]
= 5 + 6 = 11
(iv) 10 − 3b − 4 − 5b = −3b − 5b + 10 − 4 = −8b + 6
= −8 ( −2 ) + 6 [Putting b = −2 ]
= 16 + 6 = 22
(v) 2a − 2b − 4 − 5 + a = 2a + a − 2b − 4 − 5
= 3a − 2b − 9 = 3 ( −1) − 2 ( −2 ) − 9 [Putting a = −1 , b = −2 ]
= −3 + 4 − 9 = −8

z 3 − 3 ( z − 10 ) = (10 ) − 3 (10 − 10 ) [Putting z = 10 ]

3
8. (i)
= 1000 – 3 x 0 = 1000 – 0 = 1000
p − 2 p − 100 = ( −10 ) − 2 ( −10 ) − 100
2
(ii) 2
[Putting p = −10 ]
= 100 + 20 − 100 = 20

9. Given: 2x2 + x − a = 5
2 (0) + 0 − a = 5 [Putting x = 0 ]
2
⇒
⇒ 0+0−a = 5 ⇒ a = −5
Hence, the value of a is −5.

10. Given: 2 ( a 2 + ab ) + 3 − ab
⇒ 2a 2 + 2ab + 3 − ab ⇒ 2a 2 + 2ab − ab + 3
⇒ 2a 2 + ab + 3
2 ( 5 ) + ( 5 )( −3) + 3 [Putting a = 5 , b = −3 ]
2
⇒
⇒ 2 x 25 – 15 + 3
⇒ 50 – 15 + 3
⇒ 38
 Class –VII Mathematics (Ex. 12.4)
Questions

1. Observe the patterns of digits made from line segments of equal length. You will find such
segmented digits on the display of electronic watches or calculators.

(a) … …

6 11 16 21… ( 5n + 1) ...

(b) …

4 7 10 13… ( 3n + 1) ...

(c) …

7 12 17 22… ( 5n + 2 ) ...
If the number of digits formed is taken to be n, the number of segments required to form n
digits is given by the algebraic expression appearing on the right of each pattern.
How many segments are required to form 5, 10, 100 digits of the kind

2. Use the given algebraic expression to complete the table of number patterns:
Terms
S.No. Expression
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th … 10th … 100th …
(i) 2n − 1 1 3 5 7 9 --- 19 --- --- ---
(ii) 3n + 2 2 5 8 11 --- --- --- --- --- ---
(iii) 4n + 1 5 9 13 17 --- --- --- --- --- ---
(iv) 7n + 20 27 34 41 48 --- --- --- --- --- ---
(v) n +1
2
2 5 10 17 --- --- --- --- 10001 ---
 Class –VII Mathematics (Ex. 12.4)
Answers

1. Sol.
S. No. Symbol Digit’s number Pattern’s Formulae No. of Segments
5 26
(i) 10 5n + 1 51
100 501
5 16
(ii) 10 3n + 1 31
100 301
5 27
(iii) 10 5n + 2 52
100 502
(i) 5n + 1
Putting n = 5, 5 x 5 + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26
Putting n = 10, 5 x 10 + 1 = 50 + 1 = 51
Putting n = 100, 5 x 100 + 1 = 500 + 1 = 501
(ii) 3n + 1
Putting n = 5, 3 x 5 + 1 = 15 + 1 = 16
Putting n = 10, 3 x 10 + 1 = 30 + 1 = 31
Putting n = 100, 3 x 100 + 1 = 300 + 1 = 301
(iii) 5n + 2
Putting n = 5, 5 x 5 + 2 = 25 + 2 = 27
Putting n = 10, 5 x 10 + 2 = 50 + 2 = 52
Putting n = 100, 5 x 100 + 2 = 500 + 2 = 502

2. (i) 2n − 1
Putting n = 100, 2 x 100 – 1 = 200 – 1 = 199
(ii) 3n + 2
Putting n = 5, 3 x 5 + 2 = 15 + 2 = 17
Putting n = 10, 3 x 10 + 2 = 30 + 2 = 32
Putting n = 100, 3 x 100 + 2 = 300 + 2 = 302
(iii) 4n + 1
Putting n = 5, 4 x 5 + 1 = 20 + 1 = 21
Putting n = 10, 4 x 10 + 1 = 40 + 1 = 41
Putting n = 100, 4 x 100 + 1 = 400 + 1 = 401
(iv) 7n + 20
 Putting n = 5, 7 x 5 + 20 = 25 + 20 = 55
Putting n = 10, 7 x 10 + 20 = 70 + 20 = 90
Putting n = 100, 7 x 100 + 20 = 700 + 20 = 720
(v) n2 + 1
Putting n = 5, 5 x 5 + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26
Putting n = 10, 10 x 10 + 1 = 100 + 1 = 101
Putting n = 100, 100 x 100 + 1 = 10000 + 1 = 10001
Now complete table is,

Terms
S.No. Expression
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th … 10th … 100th …
(i) 2n − 1 1 3 5 7 9 --- 19 --- 199 ---
(ii) 3n + 2 2 5 8 11 17 --- 32 --- 302 ---
(iii) 4n + 1 5 9 13 17 21 --- 41 --- 401 ---
(iv) 7n + 20 27 34 41 48 55 --- 90 --- 720 ---
(v) n2 + 1 2 5 10 17 26 --- 101 --- 10001 ---
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