TRIANGLES AND ITS PROPERTIES 4

CHAPTER

Vertices : A, B and C.
CONTENTS
Angles : BAC or CAB, ABC or CBA and
ACB or BCA.
 Triangle A triangle is denoted by the symbol ''.
The three sides and three angles taken together are
 Interior and Exterior of a Triangle called six elements or six parts of a triangle.

EXAMPLES 
  Types of Triangle
Ex.1 Do three collinear points A, B and C form a
triangle ?
  Angle sum property of a Triangle Sol. No, three collinear points form a line.
Ex.2 For the triangle LMN, name
  Median & Altitude of a Triangle (a) the side opposite to M.
(b) the angle opposite to side LM.
  Exterior Angle of a Triangle (c) the vertex opposite to side NL.
(d) the side opposite to vertex N.
  Triangle Inequality Sol. (a) The side opposite to M is LN.
(b) The angle opposite to side LM is N.
  Pythagoras Theorem
(c) The vertex opposite to side NL is M.

(d) The side opposite to vertex N is LM.
TRIANGLE Ex.3 How many different triangles are in figure ?
Name each of them.
A geometrical figure formed by joining three non-
collinear points by three line segments is called a A
triangle.
A D E
F
B C
Sol. ABC,ADE,ABE,ADC,BFC,BFD,
B C BDE,CEF,CED,DEF,BCD,BEC.
The triangle ABC has : So, there are 12 different triangles in the given
figure.
Sides : AB , BC , CA
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR OF A TRIANGLE
 Interior of a triangle is the region of the plane is of measure 90º also the sides are unequal.
enclosed by ABC. other two angles are acute
A
Here, point P is in the interior of ABC. angles whose sum is 90º.
A A 6 cm 7 cm
60º
Q
B C
P 90º 8 cm
30º C
B
B C
The side of opposite to the
Exterior of a triangle is the region of the plane right angle is called the
which lies beyond or not enclosed by the boundary hypotenuse, and other two
of ABC. In figure, Q is the point which is in the side are called legs of the
exterior of the ABC. right triangle.
A Triangular
region ANGLE SUM PROPERTY OF A TRIANGLE

Q The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180º or two

P right angles.
P
B C S 5 4 T
1
Interior of ABC (as shown by the shaded region P
in figure) together with the points on the boundary
of ABC (as shown by point Q) is known as the
triangular region ABC.
2 3
TYPES OF TRIANGLE Q R
Given : A triangle PQR.
Based on angles Based on sides
To prove : 1 + 2 + 3 = 180º
1. Acute angled triangle : 1. Equilateral triangle :
A triangle whose all angles A triangle with all sides i.e., sum of all angles of a triangle is 180º.
are acute i.e., less than 90º. equal to one another. Construction : Through P, draw a line ST parallel
A A to QR.
Proof : As ST || QR and transversal PQ cuts them.
70º 4 cm 4 cm
 2 = 5 (alternate angles) …(1)
Again ST || QR and transversal PR cuts them.
60º 50º B C
B C 4 cm  3 = 4 (alternate angles) …(2)
2. Obtuse angled triangle : 2. Isosceles triangle : Adding (1) and (2), we get
A triangle whose one angle
is obtuse i.e., greater than 90º. A triangle with any two  2 + 3 = 5 + 4 …(3)
sides equal to each other.
A Now adding 1 on both sides to equation (3), we get
A
50º 1 + 2 + 3 = 1 + 5 + 4
5 cm 5 cm  1 + 2 + 3 = 180º
100º 30º
D C (as 1 + 5 + 4 = 180º)
A triangle cannot have more B C
6 cm
than one obtuse angle.
Note :
3. Right angled triangle : 3. Scalene triangle :
(i). Each angle of an equilateral triangle measures 60º
A triangle whose one angle A triangle in which all
 (ii) The angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles (iv) As one of the angles is obtuse (95°), so this
triangle are equal. is an obtuse triangle.
(iii) A scalene triangle has all angles unequal. (v) As one of the angles is a right angle (90°),
so this is a right triangle.
(iv) A triangle cannot have more than one right angle
(vi) As all the angles are acute, so this is an
(v) A triangle cannot have more than one obtuse angle.
acute triangle.
(vi) In a right triangle, the sum of two acute angles is
Ex. 6 Classify the triangles as acute, obtuse or right,
90º.
whose angles are :
(vii) The sum of the lengths of the sides of a triangle is
(i) 50°, 40°, 90° (ii) 120°, 30°, 30°
called perimeter of triangle.
(iii) 70°, 60°, 50°
EXAMPLES 
Sol. (i) As one of the angles is a right angle, so this
Ex.4 Classify the triangles as Scalene, isosceles or is a right triangle.
equilateral, if their sides are :
(ii) As one of the angles is an obtuse angle, so
(i) 2 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm (ii) 2 cm, 2 cm, 2 cm this is an obtuse triangle.
(iii) 3 cm, 6 cm, 4 cm (iii) As all the angles are acute, so this is an
acute triangle.
Sol. (i) As two sides are equal, so this is an
isosceles triangle. Ex.7 Classify the triangles according to their given sides
as scalene, isosceles or equilateral :
(ii) As all sides are equal, so this is an
equilateral triangle. (a) 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4 cm (b) 6 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm
(iii) As all sides are unequal, so this is a scalene (c) 6.2 cm, 6.2 cm, 6.2 cm
triangle.
Sol. (a) As two sides are equal so it is an isosceles
Ex. 5 Classify the following triangles according to triangle.
their angles :
(b) As all the sides are different so it is an scalene
triangle.
30º (c) As all the sides are equal so it is equilateral
20º
(i) (ii) triangle.

130º Ex.8 Classify the triangles as acute, obtuse or right if

70º 80º 30º angles are :
(a) 60º, 30º, 90º
20º 40º (b) 120º, 40º, 20º
(iii) (iv)
(c) 60º, 60º, 60º
90º 70º 45º 95º Sol. (a) As one angle of 90º so, it is a right triangle.
(b) As one angle (120º) is greater than 90º i.e.,
obtuse, so it is an obtuse triangle.
40º
(v) (vi) 80º (c) As each angle is of 60º, so it is an equilateral
triangle.
50º 90º 75º 25º Ex.9 Two angles of a triangle are of measures 70º and
30º. Find the measure of the third angle.
Sol. (i) As all the angles of this triangle are acute,
so this is an acute triangle. Sol. Let PQR be a triangle such that P = 70º,
(ii) As one of the angles (130°) is obtuse, so Q = 30º. Then, we have to find the measure
this is an obtuse triangle. of third angle R.

(iii) As one of the angles is a right angle (90°), As P + Q + R = 180º

so this is a right triangle.
 (angle sum property of triangle) P
70º + 30º + R = 180º
100º + R = 180º
R = 180º – 100º
 R = 80º Q R
P (ii) Angle opposite to side LM is N.

70º
L

30º R
Q
Ex.10 One of the angles of a triangle has measure
70º and the other two angles are equal. Find M N
these two angles. (iii) Vertex opposite to the side RT of RST is S.
Sol. Let PQR be a triangle such that : R
P = 70º and Q = R = x (let)
As P + Q + R = 180º
(angle sum property of )
70º + x + x =180º S T
2x = 180º – 70º Ex.12 In each of the following, the measures of three
2x = 110º angles are given. State in which case the angles
can possibly be those of a triangle :
110º
x= (i) 53°, 73°, 83° (ii) 59°, 12°, 109°
2
(iii) 45°, 45°, 90° (iv) 30°, 120°, 30°
x = 55º
Sol. (i) 53° + 73° + 83° = 209° > 180°
P
Therefore, not possible
70º
(ii) 59° + 12° + 109° = 180°
Therefore, possible
x x (iii) 45° + 45° + 90° = 180°
Q R
Therefore, possible
So, measure of each of remaining two angles is 55º.
(iv) 30° + 120° + 30° = 180°
Ex.11 Write the
Therefore, possible
(i) side opposite to the vertex Q of PQR
Ex.13 The three angles of a triangle are equal to one
(ii) angle opposite to the side LM of LMN another. What is the measure of each angle ?
(iii) vertex opposite to the side RT of RST. Sol. Let each angle be of measure x in degrees.
Sol. (i) The side opposite to vertex Q is PR. Then, by angle sum property
x + x + x = 180°
 3x = 180°
 x = 60°
So, the measure of each angle is 60°.
Ex.14 The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. 90° + 45° + z = 180°
Find the angles.
 z = 180° – 135° = 45°
Sol. Given ratio between the angles of a triangle
= 2 : 3 : 4.  y = 90° – 45°  y = 45°

Let the angles be 2x, 3x and 4x In ACB

Since the sum of angles of a  is 180° A + 90° + x = 180°

 2x + 3x + 4x = 180° 45° + 90° + x = 180º

 9x = 180° 135° + x = 180°

180 x = 180° – 135° = 45°

x= = 20°
9 Hence, x = 45°, y = 45° and z = 45° .
Hence the angles are 2x, 3x and 4x Ex.17 In the fig. AB || DC. Find the values of x, y and z.
i.e., 2 × 20°, 3 × 20°, 4 × 20° A
D
 40°, 60° and 80°. y
Sol. E
Ex.15 In ABC, if A = 2B and C = 3B, then 70° x
60°
find all the angles of ABC. z
B
Sol. In ABC C
A + B + C = 180° DEC = AEB [vertically opposite angles]
 2B + B + 3B = 180°  x = 70° and
6B = 180° ABE = EDC
180 [ AB || DC,  alternate angles are equal]
 B = = 30°
6
 y = 60º
 B = 30°
Now in DEC, we have
Now, A = 2B = 2 × 30° = 60° and
x + y + z = 180°
C = 3 B = 3 × 30° = 90°
[sum of interior angles of a  is 180°]
Hence, A = 60°, B = 30° and C = 90°.
 70° + 60° + z = 180°
Ex.16 In the Fig., CD  AB. Also, A = 45°. Find
ADC, CDB, ABC, DCB and DCA.  z = 180° – 30°

B  z = 50°

x Hence, x = 70°, y = 60° and z = 50°

respectively.
D Ex.18 In the Fig., DE || AC. If B = 40° and C = 50°,
Sol.
then find x, y and z.
y
45° x A
A C D z
Sol.
Since CD  AB y
 ADC = CDB = 90° 40° x 50°
B C
Now in ADC, we have E
ADC + DAC + DCA = 180° In ABC,
(angle sum property of triangle) A + B + C = 180°
 [In a  sum of all interior angles is 180°]  DBA + 110° = 180°
 z + 40° + 50° = 180°  DBA = 180° – 110° = 70°
 z = 90° Substituting DBA = 70° in (ii), we get
Now in BDE, we have CDE = 70°
y = z = 90°  y = 70°
[ AC || DE  Corresponding angles are equal] Now in DBE, we have
and x = ACB = 50° x + y + z = 180°
Hence, x = 50°, y = 90° and z = 90°. [sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°]
Ex.19 One angle of a ABC is 50° and the other two  60° + 70° + z = 180°
angles are of same measure as in Fig. Find the
measure of each angle.  130° + z = 180°

A  z = 180° – 130° = 50°

Hence, x = 60°, y = 70° and z = 50° respectively.
50°
Sol.
Ex.21 Show that sum of exterior angles of a triangle is
360°.
x x
B C Sol. Let the triangle is ABC as shown in Fig.
Let A = 50° and B = C = x E

5 A
We know that in a , sum of angles is 180°.
1
A + B + C = 180°
B 3 2 4
 50° + x + x = 180°
C D
6
 2x = 180° – 50° = 130° F
130 Interior angles are marked with numbers 1, 2
x= = 65°
2 and 3 while exterior angles are marked with 4,
5 and 6.
Hence, the measure of equal angles is 65° each.
Since 2 + 4 = 180° [Linear pair] .......(i)
Ex.20 In (Fig.) ABC, DE || AB, find the values of x,
y and z. 3 + 6 = 180° [Linear pair] ......(ii)
C 5 + 1 = 180° [Linear pair] ...... (iii)
z Adding (i), (ii) and (iii) on both the sides, we get

E x y 2 + 4 + 3 + 6 + 5 + 1 = 540°
D
Sol.  4 + 5 + 6 + (1 + 2 + 3)

110° = 540°
60°
A B F  4 + 5 + 6 + 
Since DE || AB, therefore, [ 1, 2 and 3 are the interior angles of the
ABC ( sum will be 180°)]
CED = CAB [Corresponding angles]
 4 + 5 + 6 = 540° – 180°
 x = 60° ...... (i)
= 360°.
and CDE = DBA ...... (ii)
Ex.22 Observe the Fig. and find A + B + C +
[Corresponding angles]
D + E + F.
But DBA + DBF = 180° [linear pair]
 A (v) The medians of an equilateral triangle are equal
in length.
D E
ALTITUDE OF A TRIANGLE
Sol.
An altitude of a triangle is the line segment drawn
B C from a vertex of a triangle, perpendicular to the line
containing the opposite side.
F (i) PS is an altitude on side QR in figure.
We know that sum of interior angles of a
P
triangle is 180°.
 In ABC, we have
A + B + C = 180° .....(i)
Similarly, in DEF, we have
D + E + F = 180° .....(ii) Q R
S
Adding (i) and (ii), we have
(ii) AD is an altitude, with D the foot of
A + B + C + D + E + F = 360°. perpendicular lying on BC in figure.
A
MEDIAN OF A TRIANGLE

A line segment that joins a vertex of a triangle to

the mid-point of the opposite side is called a median
of the triangle.
For example, consider LMN. Let S be the mid-
point of MN, then LS is the line segment joining D C
B
vertex L to the mid point of its opposite side.
(iii) The side PQ, itself is an altitude to base QR of right
L
angled PQR in figure.
P
R T
G

M N
S
The line segment LS is said to be the median of Q R
LMN.
Note :
Similarly, RN and MT are also medians of LMN.
(i) A triangle has three altitudes.
Note : (ii) All the three altitudes meet at a point H (called
(i) A triangle has three medians. orthocentre of triangle) i.e., all altitudes of any
triangle are concurrent.
(ii) All the three medians meet at one point G
(called centroid of the triangle) i.e., all medians (iii) Orthocentre of the triangle may lie inside the
of any triangle are concurrent. triangle [Figure (i)],, outside the triangle [Figure
(ii)] and on the triangle [Figure (iii)].
(iii) The centroid of the triangle always lies inside
of triangle.
(iv) The centroid of a triangle divides each one of
the medians in the ratio 2 : 1.
 A 2. The altitude bisects 2. The orthocentre of a
the base of an right-angled triangle is
equilateral triangle. the vertex containing
the right angle.
F E 3. The altitudes drawn 3. The orthocentre of an
H on equal sides of obtuse-angled triangle
an isosceles lies in the exterior of
triangle are equal. the triangle.
B C
D
EXTERIOR ANGLE OF A TRIANGLE
(i)
If a side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angle
H so formed is equal to the sum of two interior
opposite angles.
Let PQR be a triangle such that its side QR is
produced to form ray QS. Then PRS(4) is the
E F exterior angle of PQR at R in [Figure (i)] and
A
angle 1 and 2 are its two interior opposite
angles i.e., 4 = 1 + 2.
B C P
D
1
(ii)
A

2 3 4
E Q S
(i) R
(D)
T
B C
H (F) P
5
(iii)
1
 Orthocentre
The point of concurrence of the altitudes of a
triangle is called the orthocentre of the triangle.
Notes :
2 3
Q R
1. Since the altitudes of a triangle are concurrent, (ii)
therefore to locate the orthocentre of a triangle, it is
sufficient to draw its two altitudes. P
2. Although altitude of a triangle is a line segment, but 1
in the statement of their concurrence property, the
term altitude means a line containing the altitude
(line segment). Q 2 3
R
6
Properties of Altitudes Properties of Orthocentre
1. The altitudes of an 1. The orthocentre of an U (iii)
equilateral triangle acute-angled triangle
are equal. lies in the interior of the In Figure (ii), 5 is exterior angle at point P and
triangle. 2 and 3 are its two interior opposite angle i.e.,
5 = 2 + 3.
 In Figure (iii), 6 is the exterior angle at point Q
and 1 and 3 are its two interior opposite angle 50º
i.e., 6 = 1 + 3
Note :
(i) In a triangle an exterior angle is greater than
each of the interior opposite angles. 50º
(ii) An exterior angle and the interior adjacent (iii) x
angle form a linear pair.
(iii) An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the Sol. (i) x = 50º + 70º
sum of its interior opposite angles.
( exterior angle is equal to sum of its opposite
Therefore, we conclude that in an equilateral
interior angles)
triangle, altitudes and medians are the same.
So, x = 120º
EXAMPLES 
(ii) x = 38º + 40º
Ex.23 How many altitudes can a triangle have ?
( exterior angle is equal to sum of its opposite
Sol. A triangle can have three altitudes. interior angles)
Ex.24 Fill in the blanks : So, x = 78º
(i) A triangle has _______medians. (iii) x = 50º + 50º
(ii) The medians of a triangle are_______ ( exterior angle is equal to sum of its opposite
(iii) The point where all the medians meet is interior angles)
said to be the ________ of the triangle. So, x = 100º.
Sol. (i) three (ii) concurrent (iii) centroid. Ex.27 Find the value of unknown interior angle x in
the following figures :
Ex.25 In PQR, D is the mid point of QR .
(i) PM is _______ (ii) PD is _______
70º 60º
(iii) Is QM = MR ?
x
P 120º x
100º (i)
Sol. (ii)

x
Q R
M D
35º
(i) PM is altitude. (ii) PD is median.
(iii) 75º
(iii) No, QM  MR.
Ex.26 Find the value of x in the following diagrams.
Sol. (i) 100º = 70º + x
( exterior angle is equal to sum of its
x opposite interior angles)
50º 100º – 70º = x
30º = x
70º x 38º 40º So, x = 30º
(i) (ii)
 (ii) 120º = 60º + x Ex.30 In figure, find the values of x and y using
exterior angle property.
( exterior angle is equal to sum of its
opposite interior angles) A
120º – 60º = x
50º
60 º = x
So, x = 60º
(iii) 75º = 35º + x
y
75º – 35º = x x 70º
D
40º = x B C
So, x = 40º Sol. Since 70º + y = 180º (Linear pair)
Ex.28 In the given figure find the values of x and y.  y = 180º – 70º
Sol. APQ = BAP + ABP = 110º
(exterior angle property of ) We know that

A exterior angle of the triangle = sum of its two

interior opposite angles
y
 y = x + 50º
 110º = x + 50º
58º x 130º  x = 60º
B Q
P
TRIANGLE INEQUALITY
130º = y + 58º
130º – 58º = y The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater
than the third side. PQ + QR > PR or PR + QR > PQ
So, y = 72º or PQ + PR > QR
Now, x + 130º = 180º (By linear pair) P
x = 180º – 130º
So, x = 50º
Ex.29 In the figure, find x.
A Q R

55º EXAMPLES 
Ex.31 Is it possible to have triangle with the following
sides ?
x 120º (i) 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm
B D
C (ii) 3 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm
Sol. We know that (iii) 6 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm
exterior angle of the triangle = sum of its two Sol. (i) No
interior opposite angles
As 2 + 3 / 5
 55º + x = 120º
(as the sum of two sides (2 cm, 3 cm) is 5
 x = 120º – 55º = 65º cm which is not greater than the third side)
 (ii) 3 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm AB + BM > AM …(1)
As 3 + 6 = 9 > 7 ( in triangle the sum of any two sides is
greater than the third side)
6 + 7 = 13 > 3
Also in AMC
7 + 3 = 10 > 6
AC + MC > AM …(2)
So, these are the possible sides of the triangle.
Adding (1) and (2), we get
(iii) 6 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm
AB + BM + AC + MC > AM + AM
As 6 + 3 = 9 > 2
AB + AC + (BM + MC) > 2 AM
3 + 2 = 5 | 6
AB + AC + BC > 2 AM ( BM + MC = BC)
6+2=8>3
Ex.34 ABCD is a quadrilateral.
As 3 + 2 = 5 | 6
Is AB + BC + CD + DA > AC + BD ?
So, these are not the possible sides of triangle. A
Ex.32 Take any point O in the interior of triangle
PQR. Is
D
(i) OP + OQ > PQ ? (ii) OQ + OR > QR ? B
(iii) OR + OP > RP ?
R C
Sol. Sol. In ABC
AB + BC > AC …(1)
O
( sum of two sides is greater than the third side)
P Q Now, in ADC
(i) OP + OQ > PQ is true. AD + DC > AC …(2)
( in POQ the sum of two sides is greater ( sum of two sides is greater than the third side)
than the third side.)
In ABD, AB + AD > BD …(3)
(ii) OQ + OR > QR is true.
In BCD, BC + CD > BD …(4)
( in ROQ the sum of two sides is
greater than the third side.) Adding (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get

(iii) OR + OP > RP is true. 2(AB + BC + CD + DA) > 2 (AC + BD)

( in POR the sum of two sides is greater  AB + BC + CD + DA > AC + BD.

than the third side) Ex.35 The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 6 cm
Ex.33 AM is a median of triangle ABC. and 10 cm. Between which two numbers can
length of third side fall ?
Is AB +BC + CA > 2AM ?
Sol. We know that the sum of two sides of a triangle
A is always greater than the third side.
The third side has to be less than the sum of
the two sides.
The third side is thus less than 6 + 10 = 16 cm.
The side cannot be less than the difference of
the two sides. Thus the side has to be more than
B C 10 – 6 = 4 cm.
M
The length of third side could be any length
Sol. In ABM, greater than 4 cm and less than 16 cm.
Ex.36 ABCD is a quadrilateral. In PQR, Q = 90º, we have
Is AB + BC + CD + DA < 2 (AC + BD) ? PR2 = PQ2 + RQ2
Sol. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral in which Note :
diagonals intersect at point O.
(i) In a right triangle, the hypotenuse opposite to
D C right angle is the longest side.
(ii) Of all the line segments that can be drawn to a
O given line from a point outside it the
perpendicular line segment is the shortest.
A B (iii) The two sides of a right triangle other than the
hypotenuse are called its legs.
In OAB,
(iv) Three positive integers a, b, c in the same
OA + OB > AB …(1) order are said to form a Pythagoras triplet, if
(as the sum of any two sides is greater than the c2 = a2 + b2, for example, (3, 4, 5), (8, 15, 12)
third side) are Pythagoras triplets as 32 + 42 = 52, 82 + 122
= 152.
Similarly, in OBC,
 Converse of Pythagoras Theorem :
OB + OC > BC …(2)
If there is a triangle such that the sum of the
(as the sum of any two sides is greater than the squares of two of its sides is equal to the square
third side) of the third side, it must be a right-angled
In DOC, OC + OD > DC …(3) triangle.

In AOD, OA + OD > AD …(4) In PQR if PR2 = PQ2 + RQ2, then the triangle
is right angled at Q.
Adding (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get
P
2(OA + OB+ OC + OD) > AB + BC + DC + AD
 2(OA + OC) + 2 (OB + OD)
> AB + BC + DC + AC
 2(AC + BD) > AB + BC + DC + AD R Q
[ OA + OC = AC and OB + OD = BD]
EXAMPLES 
or AB + BC + CD + DA < 2(AC + BD)
Ex.37 PQR is a triangle, right angled at P. If PQ = 10
 Rule for angles and sides of triangle : cm and PR = 24 cm, find QR.
(i) The side opposite to the measure of the greatest Sol. In RPQ using Pythagoras theorem,
angle is the greatest and vice-versa.
Q
(ii) The side opposite to the measure of the
smallest angle is the smallest and vice-versa.
10 cm
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
R P
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse 24 cm
(The side opposite to right angle) is equal to the RQ2 = PQ2 + PR2
sum of the squares of its remaining two sides.
RQ2 = (10)2 + (24)2 = 100 + 576
P
RQ2 = 676
Hypotenuse
RQ2 = 262 ( 676 = 26 × 26)
RQ = 26 cm
R Q
Ex.38 ABC is a triangle, right angled at C. If AB = 25 Then CB takes the position CD.
cm and AC = 7 cm, find BC.
B
Sol. In ABC, using Pythagoras theorem,
A
C
25 cm
7 cm
5m

B C D
2 2 2
12 m A
AB = AC + BC
To find : Original height of tree i.e., AB
(25)2 = (7)2 + BC2
i.e., AC + BC
625 = 49 + BC2
 AC + CD ( BC = CD)
625 – 49 = BC2
In ACD, using Pythagoras theorem, we have
576 = BC2
CD2 = AC2 + AD2
242 = BC2 ( 24 × 24 = 576)
CD2 = (5)2 + (12)2
 BC = 24 cm
= 25 + 144 = 169
Ex.39 A 15 m long ladder reached a window 12 m
high from the ground on placing it against a CD = 132
2

wall at a distance 'a'. Find the distance of the CD = 13 m

foot of the ladder from the wall.
So, height of tree = AC + BC
Sol. In ABC, using Pythagoras theorem, we get
= AC + CD (BC = CD)
A (Window)
Ladder = (5 + 13)m = 18 m
Hence, height of tree = 18 m
15 cm Ex.41 Find the perimeter of the rectangle whose
12 cm length is 40 cm and a diagonal is 41 cm.
D C
C B 41 cm
a
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
A B
40 cm
152 = 122 + BC2
Sol. Let ABCD is a rectangle, in which length AB = 40
225 = 144 + BC2
cm, and a diagonal AC = 41 cm.
225 – 144 = BC2
In rectangle each angle is of 90º. So, ABC = 90º
81 = BC2
In ABC, using Pythagoras theorem,
92 = BC2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
 BC = 9 m i.e., a = 9 m ( BC = a)
(41)2 = (40)2 + BC2
Ex.40 A tree has broken at a height of 5 m from the
ground and its top touches the ground at a  1681 = 1600 + BC2
distance of 12 m from the base of the tree. Find  1681 – 1600 = BC2
the original height of tree.
 81 = BC2
Sol. Let AB be the tree and let C be the point at
which it broke.  92 = BC2
  BC = 9 cm Ex.43 Angles Q and R of a PQR are 25º and 65º.
Which of the following is true :
Hence, breadth of rectangle = 9 cm
(i) PQ2 + QR2 = RP2 (ii) PQ2 + RP2 = QR2
Now, perimeter of rectangle
(iii) RP2 + QR2 = PQ2 ?
= 2 (length + breadth)
P
= 2 (40 + 9) cm
= 2 × 49 cm
Hence, perimeter of rectangle = 98 cm
Ex.42 The diagonals of a rhombus measure 16 cm and 25º 65º
Q R
30 cm. Find its perimeter.
Sol. Let ABCD be a rhombus, in which diagonals Sol. In PQR

AC and BD are of lengths 16 cm and 30 cm P + Q + R = 180º

respectively. P + 25º + 65º = 180º
We know that in rhombus diagonals bisect each P + 90º = 180º
other at right angle i.e., AO = OC and OB = OD.
P = 180º – 90º = 90º
D
 PQR is right triangle in which P = 90º
 By Pythagoras theorem,
QR2 = PQ2 + PR2
A C
O Hence, (ii) is true.
Ex.44 Which of the following can be the sides of a
right triangle ?
B (i) 2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm
So, AOD = 90º (ii) 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm
AC 16 (iii) 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm ?
AO =  = 8 cm
2 2
Sol. As we know that in a right angled triangle, the
BD 30 square of longest (hypotenuse) is equal to sum
DO =  = 15 cm of squares of other two sides.
2 2
(i) Let a = 2.5, b = 6.5, c = 6
In AOD, using Pythagoras theorem,
AD2 = AO2 + DO2 a2 + c2 = [(2.5)2 + (6)2] cm2

AD2 = (8)2 + (15)2 = (6.25 + 36) cm2

= 64 + 225 a2 + c2 = 42.25 cm2

AD2 = 289 Now b2 = (6.5)2 = 6.5 × 6.5 = 42.25 cm2

AD2 = 172  a2 + c2 = b2

AD = 17 cm  2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm are the sides of

the right angled triangle.
Perimeter of rhombus = 4 × side
(ii) Let a = 2, b = 2, c = 5
= 4 × AD
a2 + b2 = (2)2 + (2)2 = 4 + 4
= 4 × 17 cm
a2 + b2 = 8
Hence, perimeter of rhombus = 68 cm
Now, c2 = (5)2 = 25
  a2 + b2  c2 ( 8  25) Sol. Let AB be the street and C be foot of the
ladder. Let D and E be the windows at the
 2 cm, 2 cm and 5 cm are not the sides heights of 5 m and 12 m respectively from the
of the triangle. ground. Then, CD and CE are the two position
(iii) Let a = 1.5 cm, b = 2 cm, c = 2.5 cm of the ladder. In CDA, using Pythagoras
theorem, we have
a2 + b2 = (1.5)2 + (2)2
AC2 + AD2 = DC2
= 2.25 + 4 = 6.25
AC2 = DC2 – AD2
c2 = (2.5)2
= 132 – 52
= 6.25
= 169 – 25 = 144
 a2 + b2 = c2
AC = 122
2
Hence, 1.5 cm, 2 cm and 2.5 cm are sides of the
right angled triangle.  AC = 12 m
Ex.45 A man goes 24 m due east and then 10 m due E
north. How far is he away from his initial
position ?
D
Sol. Let O be the initial position of the man. Let he 13 m
cover OP = 24 m due east and then PQ = 10 m 12 m
13 m
due north. 5m
Finally, he reaches at point Q.
A C B
Join OQ which we have to find.
Now, in BEC, using Pythagoras theorem,
Now, in right OPQ using Pythagoras theorem
CE2 = BE2 + BC2
N
(13)2 = (12)2 + BC2
Q 169 – 144 = BC2
25 = BC2
10 m
52 = BC2  BC = 5 m.
W E Hence, width of the street
O 24 m P
= AB = AC + BC
S
= 12 m + 5 m = 17 m
OQ2 = OP2 + PQ2
Ex.47 Two poles of 8 m and 13 m stand upright on a
= (24)2 + (10)2 plane ground. If the distance between their feet
= 576 + 100 = 676 is 12 m, find the distance between their tops.

OQ = 262
2 Sol. Let PQ and RS be the given poles such that
PQ = 8 m, RS = 13 m and QS = 12 m.
OQ = 26 m
R
Hence, the man is at a distance of 26 m from
his initial position. 5m
Ex.46 A ladder 13 m long reaches a window which is P T
5 m above the ground, on one side of street. 12 m
Keeping its foot at the same point, the ladder is 8m
8m
turned to the other side of the street to reach a
window at a height of 12 m. Find the width of
the street. Q 12 m S
 Join PR (the distance between the tops of the Ex.49 Find the length of XY in the right-angled
poles which we have to find.) triangle.
From P, draw PT  RS. X
 RT = RS – TS (TS = PQ = 8 m) 13 cm
?
= (13 – 8) m
RT = 5 m Z 12 cm Y
PT = QS = 12 m Sol. In this , XZ is the hypotenuse (because XZ
In PRT, using Pythagoras theorem, lies opposite to the right-angle Y).
PR2 = PT2 + RT2 Therefore, using Pythagoras theorem, we have
PR2 = (12)2 + (5)2 XZ2 = XY2 + YZ2
= 144 + 25 = 169  (13)2 = XY2 + (12)2
PR2 = 132  XY2 = 132 – 122 = 169 – 144 = 25
 PR = 13 m.  (XY) × (XY) = 25 = 5 × 5
Hence, the distance between the tops of the  XY = 5 cm.
poles is 13 m.
Ex.48 Find the length of hypotenuse of the right-
angled triangle given in figure.
A

?
16 cm

C
B 30 cm
Sol. In the figure, AC is the hypotenuse
(the side opposite to right-angle).
From Pythagoras Theorem,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
 AC × AC = AB × AB + BC × BC
 AC × AC = 16 × 16 + 30 × 30
= 256 + 900 = 1156
= 34 × 34
On comparing both sides, we get
AC = 34 cm.
 EXERCISE # 1
Q.1 Classify the triangles as scalene, isosceles or (vii) A triangle one of whose angles is 90º is
equilateral, if their sides are : known as ……………
(i) 7 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm (ii) 6 cm, 6 cm, 6 cm (viii) A triangle whose all the angles are of
(iii) 5 cm, 5 cm, 4 cm measure less than 90º is known as
……………
Q.2 Classify the triangles as acute, obtuse or right,
(ix) A triangle whose one angle is more than
whose angles are :
90º is known as ……………
(i) 150º, 10º, 20º (ii) 30º, 60º, 90º
(x) A triangle whose all the sides are equal is
(iii) 80º, 40º, 60º
known as ……………
Q.3 Observe the following figures and classify each
Q.5 In each of the following, state if the statement
of the triangles on the basis of their
is true (T) or false (F) :
(a) sides (b) angles
(i) A triangle has three sides.
A
(ii) A triangle may have four vertices.
P (iii) Any three line segments make up a triangle.
8 cm 8 cm 13 cm (iv) The interior of a triangle includes its vertices.
5 cm
(v) The triangular region includes the vertices of
C
B 6 cm Q 12 cm R the corresponding triangle.
(i) (ii) (vi) The vertices of a triangle are three collinear
L X points.
(vii) An equivalent triangle is an isosceles also.
4.5 cm 2.6 cm (viii) Every right triangle is scalene.
6 cm
(ix) Each acute triangle is an equilateral.
M N Y Z
6 cm 5.4 cm (x) No isosceles triangle is obtuse.
(iii) (iv)
O Q.6 Answer the following in "yes" or "no" :
D (i) Can an isosceles triangle be a right triangle ?
(ii) Can a right triangle be a scalene triangle ?
8 cm 4 cm (iii) Can a right triangle be an equilateral triangle?
5 cm
(iv) Can an obtuse triangle be an isosceles
E F S T triangle?
5 cm 4 cm
(v) (vi)
Q.7 Fill in the blanks with suitable words/symbols
Q.4 Fill in the blanks with the correct word/symbol so as to make the statement true :
to make it a true statement : (i) A median of a triangle is the …… that
(i) A triangle has …………… sides. joins a vertex to the …of the opposite side.
(ii) A triangle has …………… vertices. (ii) Medians of a triangle are …………
(iii) A triangle has …………… angles. (iii) The point of concurrence of the medians of
(iv) A triangle has …………… parts. a triangle is called ……… of the triangle.
(v) A triangle whose no two sides are equal is (iv) The centroid of a  lies in …… of the
know as …………… triangle.
(vi) A triangle whose two sides are equal is (v) The centroid of a  divides each median in
known as …………… the ratio ……………
Q.8 Fill in the blanks with suitable (iii) How many medians can a triangle have ?
word(s)/symbol(s) to make each of the (iv) Does a median lie wholly in the interior of
following statements correct : the triangle? If you think that this is not
(i) An altitude of a triangle is a ……… from a true, draw the figure and justify your
vertex ……… to the opposite side. answer.
(ii) The point of concurrence of the altitudes (v) Can you find the mid-point of a line? If no,
(Produced, if necessary) of a triangle is justify your answer ?
called its ………… (vi) How many altitudes can a triangle have ?
(iii) If ABC is right angled at C, then two of (vii) Will an altitude always lie in the interior
the altitudes of the triangle are ………… of the triangle? If you think that this need
and ………… not be true, draw a rough sketch to show
(iv) If H is the orthocentre of ABC, then BH such a case.
is perpendicular to the line containing the (viii) Can you think of a triangle in which two
side………… altitudes of the triangle are its sides?
(v) In a right triangle, the orthocentre is at (ix) Can the altitudes and medians be same for
…………… a triangle ?

Q.12 Observe the following figure and complete the

Q.9 If in the ABC, D is the mid-point of BC , and
table :
P is foot of the perpendicular from A to the side
BC, then F R
A A D

B F
C D Q E
E (i) (ii) P
B C
D P
(i) AD is the ………… of ABC. Exterior Corresponding Adjacent
Fig.
(ii) AP is the ………… on side BC. Angles Interior Angles Interior Angles

(iii) Is m AD = m AP ? (i)
(ii)
Q.10 Draw rough sketches for the following :
(i) In ABC, the medians BE and CF of the Q.13 In figure, find the measures of x and y.
triangle.
(ii) In DEF, the medians EB and FA. 30º
(iii) In PQR, the altitudes PM and QN.
(iv) In LMN, LP is an altitude lies in the y x 75º
exterior of the .
Q.14 In figure, find the values of x, y and z.
Q.11 Think and answer the following :
80º
(i) What do you understand by the term 80º
x
median? 20º
(ii) What do you understand by the term mid- y
45º z
point of a line segment ?
Q.15 In the figure, 3BAD = DBA. Find CDB, Q.21 Observe the following table and state which
DBC and ABC. measure forms a triangle :
A Sum of Does the measure,
Measure of
S. No. measure of represent a ? if
18º angles
108º D angles not, why?
(i) 45º, 62º, 73º …………… ……………
48º (ii) 46º, 54º, 80º …………… ……………
B C
(iii) 30º, 40º, 110º …………… ……………
Q.16 In the figure, find (iv) 45º, 61º, 75º …………… ……………
(i) ACD (ii) AED
Q.22 Find the value of unknown variable in each of
A
the following triangles :
30º
A D E
E 45º
x

30º 105º
40º 60º x
D C B B C
F
Q.17 One of the exterior angles of a triangle is 145º (i) (ii)
and the interior opposite angles are in the ratio X
Y
2 : 3. Find the measure of angles of the triangle. 20º
135º

Q.18 The exterior angles PRS of a triangle PQR is 110º

and if Q = 75º, find P. Is PRS > P ? x
(iii)
Z
Q.19 Find the value of unknown angle in the
following diagrams : Q.23 Find the values of the x, y and z in the
following figures :
65º A
50º A
z 30º C
44º 120º
B y x E 45º
x 60º x x
130º C D y
E z
(i) (ii)
30º B
90º AB||CD
D
x (i) (ii)
(iii) x
Q.20 In a triangle, find the third angle when two
y
given angles are :
(i) 30º, 60º x z
z y
(ii) 45º, 45º (iii)
(iii) 25º, 70º
Q.24 In figure, C = 50º and A = 55º. CBD is 70º
the exterior angle. L
(i) Find the interior adjacent angle.
(ii) Find CBD.
(iii) Mark interior opposite angles. x y
C M N
(iii)
50º
Q.28 In figure, make a rough sketch of the triangle
and name the angles that are equal.
55º
A A P
B D

Q.25 One of angles of a triangle is 80º. The other

two angles are equal. Find the measure of these
angles.
B C Q R
Q.26 In the following triangles, equal sides are marked
(i) (ii)
with | |, find the value of x in each case :
D B
D
A

90º x E F C
x 60º E F
B C (iii) (iv)
(i) (ii)
Q.29 All three sides of the large triangle are equal as
L shown in figure. Find the angles r and s.
x K
s
M 60º
x
r
40º J L
N
Q.30 Find the angles x, y and z in figure.
(iii) (iv)
y
Q.27 Find the angles x and y in each figure : z
50º
y P 30º
x
A
x Q.31 Find the angles f and g in fig.
y 100º
B x f
130º C R
Q
(i) (ii) g
Q.32 Is it possible to have a triangle with the
following side lengths ?
(i) 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm (ii) 3 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm
(iii) 6 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm 12 feet 5 feet
Q.33 Is the sum of any two angles of a triangle
always greater than the third angle ?
Q.34 Take any point O in the interior of a ABC in
figure. Is : Q.41 The sides of a certain triangles are given below.
A Determine which of them are right-angled
triangles.
(i) 1.7 cm, 1.5 cm, 0.8 cm
O
(ii) 0.9 cm, 4 cm, 4.1 cm
(iii) 4 cm, 5.2 cm, 7 cm
B C
(iv) 2.4 cm, 3.2 cm, 7.9 cm
(i) OB + OC > BC ? (v) 1.8 cm, 8 cm, 8.2 cm
(ii) OC + OA > CA ? (vi) 5 cm, 5.25 cm, 7.25 cm
(iii) OA + OB > AB ? Q.42 Find the lengths of the unknown side in these
(iv) BC + CA + AB < 2 (OB + BC + OA) right-angled triangles.

Q.35 AD is a median of triangle ABC in figure. Is

x
AB + BC + CA > 2AD ? (i) 4 cm
A
3 cm
13 cm
(ii) 5 cm
B C
D x
Q.36 ABCD is a quadrilateral. Is AB + BC + CD +
x
DA > AC + BD ?
(iii) 7 cm
Q.37 O is any point in the interior of a triangle PQR
and QO produced meets PR at S (figure). Is 24 cm
P 15 cm

S (iv) x
17 cm
O
Q R
(i) PQ + PS > QS ? 41 cm
(v) x
(ii) PQ + PS > OQ + OS ?
(iii) PQ + PS + SR > OQ + OS + SR ? 40 cm
(iv) PQ + PR > OQ + OR ?
(v) PQ + QR+ PR > OP + OQ + OR ? Q.43 Find the unknown length x in figure.
A
Q.38 ABCD is a quadrilateral. Is AB + BC + CD +
DA < 2(AC + BD) ? 50 50
14
Q.39 The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 10 cm C
B D
and 14 cm. Between what two measures should x
the length of the third side fall ?
Q.44 PQR is a right-angled triangle right-angled at P.
Q.40 How long should the hypotenuse be in the If PQ = 14 cm, PR = 48 cm, find QR.
right-angled triangle in figure.
 ANSWER KEY
1. (i) Scalene triangle (ii) Equilateral triangle (iii) Isosceles triangle
2. (i) Obtuse-angled triangle (ii) Right-angled triangle (iii) Acute-angled triangle
3. (a) Sides : (i) Isosceles triangle (ii) Scalene triangle (iii) Isosceles triangle (iv) Scalene triangle
(v) Isosceles triangle (vi) Isosceles triangle
(b) Angles : (i) Acute-angled triangle (ii) Right-angled triangle (iii) Obtuse-angled triangle
(iv) Acute-angled triangle (v) Obtuse-angled triangle (vi) Right-angled triangle
4. (i) three (ii) three (iii) three (iv) six (v) scalene (vi) isosceles
(vii) right triangle (viii) acute triangle (ix) obtuse triangle (x) equilateral
5. (i) T (ii) F (iii) F (iv) F (v) T (vi) F (vii) F
(viii) F (ix) F (x) F
6. (i) Yes (ii) Yes (iii) No (iv) Yes
7. (i) Line segment, mid-point (ii) concurrent (iii) centroid (iv) interior (v) 2 : 1
8. (i) Line segment, perpendicular (ii) orthocentre (iii) AC and BC (iv) AC
(v) the vertex containing the right angle

9. (i) Median (ii) Perpendicular (iii) No, m AD > m AP

11. (iii) 3 (iv) Yes (v) No, a line has no end points. (vi) 3 (vii) No
(viii) Yes, (right triangle) (ix) Yes (in an equilateral triangle)

12. For fig. (i) BAF; ABC, ACB; BAC CBE; BAC, BCA; ABC ACD; ABC, BAC; ACB

For fig. (ii) FDR; DEF, DFE; EDF DEQ; EDF, DFE; DEF EFP; EDF, DEF; EFD
13. x = 105º, y = 45º 14. x = 100º, y = 145º, z = 35º 15. 72º, 60°, 114º 16. (i) 135º (ii) 165º
17. 58º, 87º, 35º 18. 35º, yes 19. (i) 110º (ii) 109º (iii) 60º
20. (i) 90º (ii) 90º (iii) 85º 21. (i) 180º, yes (ii) 180º, yes (iii) 180º, yes (iv) 181º, No
22. (i) 80º (ii) 45º (iii) 25º 23. (i) 60º, 50º, 70º (ii) 105º, 105º, 45º (iii) 60º, 60º, 60º

24. (i) 75º (ii) 105º (iii) A and C 25. 50º, 50º 26. (i) 60º (ii) 45º (iii) 60º (iv) 100º

27. (i) 80º, 130º (ii) 90º, 135º (iii) 55º, 125º 28. (i) B, C (ii) Q, R (iii) D, E (iv) B, C
29. 60º, 30º 30. x = y = 65º, z = 120º 31. 80º, 140º 32. (i) No (ii) Yes (iii) No
33. No 34. (i) Yes (ii) Yes (iii) Yes (iv) No 35. Yes 36. Yes
37. (i) Yes (ii) Yes (iii) Yes (iv) Yes (v) Yes 38. No
39. Between 4 cm and 24 cm. 40. 13 feet 41. (i), (ii) , (v) and (vi)
42. (i) 5 cm (ii) 12 cm (iii) 25 cm (iv) 8 cm (v) 9 cm 43. 96 44. 50 cm
 EXERCISE # 2
Q.1 An exterior angle of a triangle is of measure A
80º and one of its interior angles is of measure
45º. Find the measure of the other interior 25º
D x
opposite angle.

Q.2 If the two interior opposite angles of an exterior

45º z y 40º
angle are complementary, then what is the B E
C
measure of the exterior angle? Also write the
type of the . Q.10 Three angles of a  are equal. Find the angles.

Q.3 If the measure of two interior opposite angles Q.11 In the figure, BE  BC & C = 70º, EBD = 40º.
of an exterior angle are equal in magnitude and Find A and CBA.
also complementary, then find the measure of C
the exterior angle and interior opposite angles. 70º
Q.4 The two interior opposite angles of an extrior E
angle of a triangle are 20º and 70º. Find the
measure of the exterior angle. 40º
A
B D
Q.5 Comment on the interior opposite angles, when
the exterior angle is : Q.12 In figure, find sum of the angles :
(i) an acute angle DOA + OAB + ABC + BCD + CDO.
[Hint : Sum of angles asked in the question is
(ii) an obtuse angle
equal to sum of the angles of all the triangles in
(iii) a right angle
the figure.]
Q.6 Can the exterior angles of a triangle be a B
C
straight angle ? A
Q.7 An exterior angle of a triangle is 135º and the
interior opposite angles are in the ratio 1 : 4.
D
Find the angles of the triangle. O

Q.8 In the following figure, find Q.13 In a right-angled , one acute angle is of 35º,
(i) m 1 (ii) m 2 find the other acute angle.

(iii) m 3 (iv) m 4 Q.14 The angles of a  are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. Find

the angles.
35º Q.15 In a right-angled , one acute angle is twice the
4 other, find the measure of angles.
3
Q.16 In a , two angles are of equal measure and the
65º 2 1 30º third angle is 20º more than equal angles. Find
the angles.

Q.9 In the figure, find the values of x, y and z. Q.17 The acute angles of a right-angled  are in the
ratio 2 : 3. Find the angles of the triangle.
Q.18 The three angles of a  are in the ratio 1 : 1 : 1. Q.26 A man goes 120 m due east and then 160 m due
Find all the angles of the triangle. Classify the north. How far is he from the starting point ?
triangle in two different ways. Q.27 ABC is an isosceles right-angled triangle, right-
Q.19 Think and state whether the following angled at C. Prove that AB2 = 2AC2.
statements are true (T) or false (F). Also justify Q.28 ABC is a triangle, right angled at B. If AB = 12
your answer. cm and BC = 9 cm, find AC.
(i) A triangle can have two right angles.
Q.29 PQR is a triangle, right angled at R. If PQ = 26
(ii) A triangle can have two obtuse angles.
cm, PR = 10 cm, find QR.
(iii) Each angle of a triangle can be less
than 60º. Q.30 A ladder 25 m long reaches a window of a
(iv) A triangle can have all the three angles equal building 20 m above the ground (see figure
to 60º. below). Determine the distance of the foot of
the ladder from the building.
Q.20 In the figure, BAC = 3 ABC, and
C (window)
ACD = 100º, find ABC :
A

Building
25 m (ladder) 20 m

A
B
100º
B D Q.31 Which of the following can be the sides of a
C
right triangle :
Q.21 A 10.10 m long ladder placed against a wall. (i) 24 cm, 7 cm, 25 cm
The ladder reached a window 9.9 m height (ii) 1.6 cm, 4 cm, 3.8 cm
from the ground. Find the distance of the foot (iii) 4 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm
of the ladder from the wall.
Q.32 A tree is broken at a height of 2.5 m from the
Q.22 Two poles of heights 6 m and 11 m stand ground and its top touches the ground at a
vertically on a plane ground. If the distance distance of 6 m from the base of the tree. Find
between their feet is 12 m, determine the the original height of the tree.
distance between their tops. Q.33 Angles B and C of ABC are 40º and 50º.
Q.23 If the square of the hypotenuse of an isosceles Write which of the following is true :
right-angled triangle is 512 cm2, find the length (i) AB2 + BC2 = AC2
of each side. (ii) AC2 + BC2 = AB2
(iii) AB2 + AC2 = BC2
Q.24 A ladder reaches a window which is 12 m above
Q.34 Find the perimeter of the rectangle whose
the ground on one side of the street. Keeping its
length and a diagonal are 24 cm and 25 cm
foot at the same point, the ladder is turned to the
respectively.
other side of the street to reach a window 9 cm
height. Find the width of the street if the length Q.35 A ladder 15 dm long reaches a window which
of the ladder is 15 m. is 12 dm above the ground on one side of a
street. Keeping its foot at the same point, the
Q.25 Using Pythagoras theorem, find the length of
ladder is turned to the other side of the street to
second diagonal of a rhombus whose side is reach a window 9 dm high. Find the width of
5 cm and one of the diagonals is 6 cm. the street.
Q.36 A man goes 12 m due west and then 5 m due Q.41 The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 12 cm
south. How far is he away from his initial and 15 cm. Between what two measures should
position ? be length of the third side fall?

Q.37 Find the perimeter of the rhombus whose Q.42 In figure, PQR is a triangle and S is any point
diagonals measure 24 cm and 10 cm. in its interior. Show that SQ + SR < PQ + PR.
P
Q.38 In each of the following there are three positive
numbers. State if these numbers could possibly
be the lengths of the sides of a triangle :
(i) 4, 3, 2 (ii) 3, 4, 5 S
(iii) 3.5, 2.5, 5 (iv) 2, 3, 6
Q R
Q.39 In the following figure, D is the mid point on
the side BC of ABC. Complete each of the [Hint. Produce QS which intersects PR at point
following statements using symbol '=', '<' or '>' T on producing]
so as to make it true :
(i) AD _____ AB + BD
(ii) AD _____ AC + DC
1
(iii) AD _____ (AB + AC + BC)
2
A

B C
D
Q.40 S is a point in the interior of PQR as shown in
figure. State which of the following statements
are true or false :
(i) PS + QS < PQ
(ii) PS + SR > PR
(iii) QS + SR = QR
P

Q R
 ANSWER KEY
1. 35º 2. 90º, right triangle 3. 90º, 45º, 45º 4. 90º 6. No 7. 27º, 108º, 45º

8. (i) 100º (ii) 80º (iii) 50º (iv) 130º 9. x = 110º, y = 70º, z = 110º

10. 60º, 60º, 60º 11. 60º, 50º 12. 540º 13. 55º 14. 40º, 60º, 80º

1 1 1
15. 30º, 60º 16. 53 º, 53 º, 73 º 17. 36º, 54º, 90º
3 3 2

18. 60º, 60º, 60º Acute-angled triangle (on the basis of angles) and Equilateral triangle (on the basis of sides)

19. (i) False (ii) False (iii) False (iv)True 20. 25º 21. 2m 22. 13 m

23. Each side = 16 cm 24. 21 m 25. 8 cm 26. 200 m 28. 15 cm 29. 24 cm

30. 15 m 31. (i) Yes (ii) No (iii) Yes 32. 9 m 33. (iii) 34. 62 cm

35. 21 dm 36. 13 m 37. 52 cm 38. (i) Yes (ii) Yes (iii) Yes (iv) no

39. (i) < (ii) < (iii) < 40. (i) F (ii) T (iii) F 41. Between 3 cm and 27 cm