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Q LL+ N PS F Ci Q LL+ N PS F Ci Q LL+ PS F Ci: Quantiles

The document discusses different measures of position or quantiles that can be used to divide a distribution into equal parts, including quartiles (divides into 4 parts), deciles (divides into 10 parts), and percentiles (divides into 100 parts). It provides the definitions and formulas for computing the first, second, and third quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3), various deciles (D1, D2, etc.), and some percentiles (P15, P42, etc.). An exercise is given to compute various quantiles from sample data on black fly lifespans.

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Carlo Yambao
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71 views

Q LL+ N PS F Ci Q LL+ N PS F Ci Q LL+ PS F Ci: Quantiles

The document discusses different measures of position or quantiles that can be used to divide a distribution into equal parts, including quartiles (divides into 4 parts), deciles (divides into 10 parts), and percentiles (divides into 100 parts). It provides the definitions and formulas for computing the first, second, and third quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3), various deciles (D1, D2, etc.), and some percentiles (P15, P42, etc.). An exercise is given to compute various quantiles from sample data on black fly lifespans.

Uploaded by

Carlo Yambao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUANTILES

(Measures of Position)

Recall that in the case of median, this value simply divides the given distribution into two
equal parts. What if instead of dividing the data into two equal parts, we extend the division say
to four, ten, or even one hundred equal parts. Clearly, these values shall be treated as extensions
of the concept of median. These values are called quartiles, deciles and percentiles. The
procedure in the computation of the quantiles is the same as that of the median.

QUARTILES

Quartiles refer to the values that divide the distribution into four equal parts. There are
three quartiles represented by Q1, Q2, and Q3. The value of Q1 refers to the value in the
distribution that falls on the first one-fourth of the distribution arranged in magnitude; Q 2 or the
second quartile corresponds to the median; the third quartile or Q 3 corresponds to the three-
fourths of the distribution.

The formulas are as follows:


N N 3N
Q1 =LL+
4
( )
−PS
f
ci Q2 =LL+
2
( )
−PS
f
ci Q3 =LL+
4
( )
−PS
f
ci

where: LL is the lower limit where Q is located


N is the total number of cases
PS is the partial sum which can be found by adding the
frequencies from the bottom upward not exceeding
one-fourth of N for Q1, one-half of N for Q2, and ¾ of
N for Q3.
f is the frequency where Q is located
ci is the class interval

DECILES

If a given set of data is divided into ten equal parts, then we have nine points of division
known as deciles. The methods of computing the values of these measurements is just the same
as in the median or quartiles. The nine points of division are denoted by the symbols D 1, D2, D3,
….. and D9.

Some of the formulas are as follows:


D1 =LL+ ( 0 .10 N−PS
f ) ci D2 =LL+ ( 0 .20 N−PS
f ) ci
0 .30 N −PS 0 . 40 N−PS
D3 =LL+ ( f )
ci D 4 =LL+ ( f )
ci

D8 =LL+ ( 0 . 80 Nf −PS ) ci D9 =LL+ ( 0 . 90 Nf −PS ) ci

PERCENTILES

Percentiles refer to those values that divide a distribution into one hundred equal parts. There
are 99 percentiles represented by P 1, P2, P3, ….. and P99. When we say 45th percentile, then we are
referring to that value at or below (45/100)th of the data.

If a frequency distribution is given, then the computing formula shall be similar to that of the
median, quartiles or deciles. Some of the computing formulas are shown below:

P15=LL+ (15 %Nf −PS ) ci P42=LL+ ( 42 %N−PS


f ) ci
59 %N −PS 60%N −PS
P59=LL+ ( f
ci) P60=LL+ ( f
ci )
P87=LL+ ( 87 %Nf −PS )ci P99=LL+ ( 99 %N−PS
f ) ci
Name____________________________________Score_________________
Date_____________________________________Course Yr. & Sec._______

Exercise No. 5
Quantiles (Measures of Position)

OBJECTIVE: At the end of this exercise, the students are expected to identify
and compute the different measures of position or quantiles, specifically,
the
a. Quartiles
b. Deciles
c. Percentiles

EXERCISES:

A. The following data represent the length of life in seconds of a random sample
of black flies subjected to a new spray in a controlled laboratory experiment.

55 72 49 55 42 50 70 42 58 65
62 58 57 47 58 76 75 74 73 58
45 49 55 62 58 56 53 39 44 45
63 52 51 62 49 72 48 56 72 71
48 58 53 58 52 42 48 40 70 72

1. Prepare a frequency distribution table with 12 classes.


2. Compute the following:
a. Q1 b. Q2 c. Q3 d. D4

e. D8 f. P15 g. P80 h. P95

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