Scribd
Upload
37 views2 pages

Module 1.3 - Biological Constraints

Media is a mixture of components required for optimal microbial cell growth. Media can be defined or complex, with defined media containing specific chemical compounds and complex media containing natural extracts. Media can also be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic based on its source. The basic components of media include carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, inorganic salts, trace elements, vitamins, and serum for animal cell culture. Serum provides growth factors, hormones, proteins, and prevents cell damage but can introduce variability and contamination risks.

Uploaded by

navneet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views2 pages

Module 1.3 - Biological Constraints

Media is a mixture of components required for optimal microbial cell growth. Media can be defined or complex, with defined media containing specific chemical compounds and complex media containing natural extracts. Media can also be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic based on its source. The basic components of media include carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, inorganic salts, trace elements, vitamins, and serum for animal cell culture. Serum provides growth factors, hormones, proteins, and prevents cell damage but can introduce variability and contamination risks.

Uploaded by

navneet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

`3

1 Module 1 – Basics of Bioprocess Technology


BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS OF BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY

1. MEDIA FOR BIOPROCESS


A Media is a mixture of different chemical and biological components which are required for the optimum growth of
the microbial cell growth. They are categorized on the basis of different categories-
1. On the basis of Chemical Components used:
 Defined media contain specific amounts of pure chemical compounds with known chemical compositions. A
medium containing glucose, (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4, and MgCl2 is a defined medium. The primary advantage of
defined media is that the results are more reproducible and the operator has better control of the fermentation.
 Complex media contain natural compounds whose chemical composition is not exactly known. A medium
containing yeast extracts, peptone, molasses, or corn steep liquor is a complex medium. A complex medium
usually can provide the necessary growth factors, vitamins, hormones, and trace elements, often resulting in
higher cell yields, compared to the defined medium. Often, complex media are less expensive than defined
media.
2. On the basis of Source from which it is obtained or produced or extracted:
 Natural Media are a type of media which is either directly extracted from the natural/biological source or most of
its components are obtained from natural source. Eg. Biological Fluids (Plasma, Serum, Lymph, etc.); Tissue
Extracts (Bone marrow, Liver/Spleen/Tumor/Leukocytes extract, Embryo extracts, etc.) or Clots (Plasma clot,
etc.)
 Semi Synthetic Media are a type of media that contains a mixture of natural components as well as chemical
components. Eg. Nutrient broth, LB Broth, etc.
 Synthetic/Artificial Media are a type of media which is totally composed of chemical components and support
the growth and proliferation of the biological entities grown in it. They are of 4 types-
o Serum containing media – Fetal Calf Serum, Horse Serum
o Serum free media – Minimum essential media, Eagle’s MEM, DMEM
o Chemically defined media- Basal media with growth factor, MS Media, L5 Media
o Protein free media- RPMI-1640, MSM
Basic Components of a Media
1. Carbohydrates – Energy and other structural and functional carbon related requirements.
2. Amino Acids -
a. Organic Source of Nitrogen
b. Increases Density, proliferation and viability of cells
c. Added at the initial phase to decrease the metabolic burden of synthesizing their own amino acids
from inorganic salts.
3. Fatty Acids and Lipids – For stability of cell wall and cell membrane
4. Inorganic Salts –
a. Easily reducible to required ions and compounds
b. Regulate the membrane potential and other cellular electrochemical requirements.
c. Provide buffering against any raise or decrease in pH due to cellular metabolism.
d. Regulate osmolarity and other physiochemical properties.
5. Trace Elements or Microelements- Required for certain essential and critical functions but in lower
concentration.
6. Vitamins – Required in trace amounts but are essential for viability and better proliferation of the cells.
7. Serum ( for animal cell culture)
a. At 2-10% concentration
b. Provides growth factor, hormones, proteins and peptides and fat soluble vitamins(A,D,E,K)
c. Increases viscosity of the media thereby preventing any chance of mechanical damage.
d. Also acts as a buffering agent for pH and osmolarity
e. Acts as protease inhibitor and prevents cell lysis
f. Contains minerals like Zinc, Iron, Sodium, etc.
g. Contains fibronectin, a protein which helps in cell attachment.
h. Certain Disadvantages-
i. Lack of uniformity of contents
ii. Batch to batch variation
iii. Chances of contamination such as viral contamination
iv. May interfere in purification or isolation of the product

You might also like