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Introduction of Dictinary

1. The document discusses dictionaries in Python including creating, modifying, accessing, and iterating over dictionary elements. 2. Key operations include adding and removing key-value pairs, accessing values by key, getting dictionary length, and sorting keys and values. 3. Examples are provided for creating an empty dictionary and one with initial key-value pairs, adding and removing elements, accessing values, iterating over keys and key-value pairs, and more.

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62 views13 pages

Introduction of Dictinary

1. The document discusses dictionaries in Python including creating, modifying, accessing, and iterating over dictionary elements. 2. Key operations include adding and removing key-value pairs, accessing values by key, getting dictionary length, and sorting keys and values. 3. Examples are provided for creating an empty dictionary and one with initial key-value pairs, adding and removing elements, accessing values, iterating over keys and key-value pairs, and more.

Uploaded by

ayush ayush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS:XII

TOPIC:Dictionary
Students in this assignment :

 I explained about the Dictionary ie one of the most important data


type of python .It is MUTABLE data type .In which we can change ,
update, Modify the value etc so its example shows that it is mutable
type data ins python
 Below I made the “content in serial order with example” through
which we can :
 Create ,modify,test in the dictionary in easy way.
 Copy this in your notebook.

On the basis of this explaination you solve the question ie.given in the
homework option

1. Introduction of dictinary
2. Create an empty dictionary
3. Create a dictionary with some pairs
4. Print all keys
5. Accessing
6. Sorting
7. Iterating over (key, value) pairs
8. Combining List and Dictionary
9. Print the uid and name of each customer
10. Modify an entry
11. Add a new field to each entry
12. Delete a field
13. Delete all fields
Dictionary in Python:
A dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and
indexed. In Python dictionaries are written with curly brackets,
and they have keys and values.

Dictionary Manipulation in Python


A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs.

A dictionary is a set of key:value pairs.

All keys in a dictionary must be unique.

In a dictionary, a key and its value are separated by a colon.

The key, value pairs are separated with commas.

The key & value pairs are listed between curly brackets " { } "

We query the dictionary using square brackets " [ ] "

Dictionary Manipulation
Dictionaries are useful whenever you have to items that you wish to link together,
and for example storing results for quick lookup.
Create an empty dictionary
months = {}

Create a dictionary with some pairs


# Note: Each key must be unique
months = { 1 : "January",

2 : "February",
3 : "March",
4 : "April",
5 : "May",
6 : "June",
7 : "July",
8 : "August",
9 : "September",
10 : "October",
11 : "November",
12 : "December" }
months[1-12] are keys and "January-December" are the values

Print all keys


print "The dictionary contains the following keys: ", months.keys()
Output:
Example:
The dictionary contains the following keys: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

Accessing
To get a value out of a dictionary, you must supply its key, you cannot provide
the value and get the key
whichMonth = months[1]
print whichMonth
Output: January
To delete an element from a dictionary, use del
del(months[5])
print months.keys()
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

To add a new element to a dictionary, assign a value to a new key

months[5] = "May"
print months.keys()
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

To update an element of a dictionary, assign a new value to its key


months[1] = "Jan"
print months
Output:
{1: 'Jan', 2: 'February', 3: 'March', 4: 'April', 5... }

Sorting

sortedkeys = months.keys()
print sortedkeys
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

Dictionaries and Loops


Iterating over keys
for key in months:
print key, months[key]
Output:
1 January
2 February
3 March
4 April
5 May
6 June
7 July
8 August
9 September
10 October
11 November
12 December

Iterating over (key, value) pairs


for key, value in months.iteritems():
print key, value

print "The entries in the dictionary are:"


for item in months.keys():
print "months[ ", item, " ] = ", months[ item ]

Combining List and Dictionary

Example of a list of dictionaries


customers = [{"uid":1,"name":"John"},
{"uid":2,"name":"Smith"},
{"uid":3,"name":"Andersson"},
]
print customers
Output:
[{'uid': 1, 'name': 'John'}, {'uid': 2, 'name': 'Smith'}, {'uid': 3, 'name':
'Andersson'}]

Print the uid and name of each customer


for x in customer:
print x["uid"], x["name"]
Output:
1 John
2 Smith
3 Andersson

Modify an entry

This will change the name of customer 2 from Smith to Charlie


customers[2]["name"]="charlie"
print customers
Output:
[{'uid': 1, 'name': 'John'}, {'uid': 2, 'name': 'Smith'}, {'uid': 3, 'name':
'charlie'}]

Add a new field to each entry


for x in customers:
x["password"]="123456"

# any initial value


print customers
Output:
[{'password': '123456', 'uid': 1, 'name': 'John'}, {'password': '123456', 'uid':
2, 'name': 'Smith'}, {'password': '123456', 'uid': 3, 'name': 'Andersson'}]

Delete a field
del customers[1]
print customers
Output:
[{'uid': 1, 'name': 'John'}, {'uid': 3, 'name': 'Andersson'}]

Delete all fields


# This will delete id field of each entry.
for x in customers:
del x["id"]
Output:
[{'name': 'John'}, {'name': 'Smith'}, {'name': 'Andersson'}]

 Create a new dictionary


# In order to construct a dictionary you can start with an empty one.
>>> mydict={}
# This will create a dictionary, which has an initially six key-value
pairs, where iphone* is the key and years the values
released = {
"iphone" : 2007,
"iphone 3G" : 2008,
"iphone 3GS" : 2009,
"iphone 4" : 2010,
"iphone 4S" : 2011,
"iphone 5" : 2012
}
print released
>>Output
{'iphone 3G': 2008, 'iphone 4S': 2011, 'iphone 3GS': 2009, '
iphone': 2007, 'iphone 5': 2012, 'iphone 4': 2010}

 *Add a value to the dictionary


You can assign to an individual dictionary entry to add it or modify it
#the syntax is: mydict[key] = "value"
released["iphone 5S"] = 2013
print released
>>Output
{'iphone 5S': 2013, 'iphone 3G': 2008, 'iphone 4S': 2011, 'iphone 3GS':
2009,
'iphone': 2007, 'iphone 5': 2012, 'iphone 4': 2010}

 *Remove a key and it's value


You can remove key-value pairs with the del operator
del released["iphone"]
print released
>>output
{'iphone 3G': 2008, 'iphone 4S': 2011, 'iphone 3GS': 2009, 'iphone 5':
2012,
'iphone 4': 2010}

 *Check the length


The len() function gives the number of pairs in the dictionary.
print len(released)

 *Test the dictionary


Check if a key exists in a given dictionary by using the in operator like
this:
>>> my_dict = {'a' : 'one', 'b' : 'two'}
>>> 'a' in my_dict
True
>>> 'b' in my_dict
True
>>> 'c' in my_dict
False

or like this in a for loop


for item in released:
if "iphone 5" in released:
print "Key found"
break
else:
print "No keys found"
>>output
Key found

 *Get a value of a specified key

print released.get("iphone 3G", "none")

 *Print all keys with a for loop

print "-" * 10
print "iphone releases so far: "
print "-" * 10
for release in released:
print release
>>output
----------
iphone releases so far:
----------
iphone 3G
iphone 4S
iphone 3GS
iphone
iphone 5
iphone 4

 *Print all key and values


for key,val in released.items():
print key, "=>", val
>>output
iphone 3G => 2008
iphone 4S => 2011
iphone 3GS => 2009
iphone => 2007
iphone 5 => 2012
iphone 4 => 2010

 *Get only the keys from the dictionary

phones = released.keys()
print phones

# or print them out like this:


print "This dictionary contains these keys: ", " ".join(released)
>>iphone 3G iphone 4S iphone 3GS iphone iphone 5 iphone 4

# or like this:
print "This dictionary contains these keys: ", " ", released.keys()
>>['iphone 3G', 'iphone 4S', 'iphone 3GS', 'iphone', 'iphone 5', 'iphone 4']

 Printing the values


Elements may be referenced via square brackets, using the key: print
released["iphone"]
print "Values:
",
for year in released:
releases= released[year]
print releases
>>output:
Values:
2008
2011
2009
2007
2012
2010

 Sorting the dictionary

for key, value in sorted(released.items()):


print key, value
>>output:
('iphone', 2007)
('iphone 3G', 2008)
('iphone 3GS', 2009)
('iphone 4', 2010)
('iphone 4S', 2011)
('iphone 5', 2012)

 Counting
count = {}
for element in released:
count[element] = count.get(element, 0) + 1
print count
>>output:
{'iphone 3G': 1, 'iphone 4S': 1, 'iphone 3GS': 1, 'iphone': 1,
'iphone 5': 1, 'iphone 4': 1}

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