Ubuntu Server Guide - Part2
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Seth RelianUbuntu Server Guide - Part2
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h?2 F2`M2HǶb T +F2i }Hi2`BM; bvbi2K rQmH/ #2 Q7 HBiiH2 mb2 iQ /KBMBbi` iQ`b rBi?Qmi mb2`bT +2 BMi2`7 +2
iQ K M ;2 BiX h?Bb Bb i?2 Tm`TQb2 Q7 BTi #H2b, q?2M T +F2i `2 +?2b vQm` b2`p2`- Bi rBHH #2 ? M/2/ Qz
iQ i?2 L2i}Hi2` bm#bvbi2K 7Q` ++2Ti M+2- K MBTmH iBQM- Q` `2D2+iBQM # b2/ QM i?2 `mH2b bmTTHB2/ iQ Bi 7`QK
mb2`bT +2 pB BTi #H2bX h?mb- BTi #H2b Bb HH vQm M22/ iQ K M ;2 vQm` }`2r HH- B7 vQmǶ`2 7 KBHB ` rBi? Bi- #mi
K Mv 7`QMi2M/b `2 p BH #H2 iQ bBKTHB7v i?2 i bFX
38
m7r @ lM+QKTHB+ i2/ 6B`2r HH
h?2 /27 mHi }`2r HH +QM};m` iBQM iQQH 7Q` l#mMim Bb m7rX .2p2HQT2/ iQ 2 b2 BTi #H2b }`2r HH +QM};m` iBQM-
m7r T`QpB/2b mb2`@7`B2M/Hv r v iQ +`2 i2 M ASp9 Q` ASpe ?Qbi@# b2/ }`2r HHX
m7r #v /27 mHi Bb BMBiB HHv /Bb #H2/X 6`QK i?2 m7r K M T ;2,
dzm7r Bb MQi BMi2M/2/ iQ T`QpB/2 +QKTH2i2 }`2r HH 7mM+iBQM HBiv pB Bib +QKK M/ BMi2`7 +2- #mi BMbi2 / T`QpB/2b
M 2 bv r v iQ // Q` `2KQp2 bBKTH2 `mH2bX Ai Bb +m``2MiHv K BMHv mb2/ 7Q` ?Qbi@# b2/ }`2r HHbXǴ
h?2 7QHHQrBM; `2 bQK2 2t KTH2b Q7 ?Qr iQ mb2 m7r,
Ç 6B`bi- m7r M22/b iQ #2 2M #H2/X 6`QK i2`KBM H T`QKTi 2Mi2`,
bm/Q m7r 2 M # H 2
Ç hQ QT2M TQ`i Uaa> BM i?Bb 2t KTH2V,
bm/Q m7r H H Q r kk
Ç _mH2b + M HbQ #2 //2/ mbBM; MmK#2`2/ 7Q`K i,
bm/Q m7r B M b 2 ` i R H H Q r 3y
Ç aBKBH `Hv- iQ +HQb2 M QT2M2/ TQ`i,
bm/Q m7r /2Mv kk
Ç hQ `2KQp2 `mH2- mb2 /2H2i2 7QHHQr2/ #v i?2 `mH2,
bm/Q m7r / 2 H 2 i 2 /2Mv kk
Ç Ai Bb HbQ TQbbB#H2 iQ HHQr ++2bb 7`QK bT2+B}+ ?Qbib Q` M2irQ`Fb iQ TQ`iX h?2 7QHHQrBM; 2t KTH2
HHQrb aa> ++2bb 7`QK ?Qbi RNkXRe3XyXk iQ Mv AS //`2bb QM i?Bb ?Qbi,
bm/Q m7r H H Q r T ` Q i Q i + T 7`QK R N k X R e 3 X y X k i Q Mv T Q ` i kk
_2TH +2 RNkXRe3XyXk rBi? RNkXRe3XyXyfk9 iQ HHQr aa> ++2bb 7`QK i?2 2MiB`2 bm#M2iX
Ç //BM; i?2 Ĝ/`v@`mM QTiBQM iQ m7r +QKK M/ rBHH QmiTmi i?2 `2bmHiBM; `mH2b- #mi MQi TTHv i?2KX
6Q` 2t KTH2- i?2 7QHHQrBM; Bb r? i rQmH/ #2 TTHB2/ B7 QT2MBM; i?2 >hhS TQ`i,
bm/Q m7r /`v`mM H H Q r ? i i T
7BHi2`
, m7rm b 2 ` B M T m i ( y , y )
, m7rm b 2 ` QmiTmi ( y , y )
, m7rm b 2 ` 7 Q ` r ` / ( y , y )
, m7rm b 2 ` H B K B i ( y , y )
, m7rm b 2 ` H B K B i + + 2 T i ( y , y )
OOO _lG1a OOO
OOO i m T H 2 OOO H H Q r i + T 3y y X y X y X y f y Mv y X y X y X y f y
m7rm b 2 ` B M T m i T i + T / T Q ` i 3y D **1Sh
OOO 1L. _lG1a OOO
m7rm b 2 ` B M T m i D _1hl_L
m7rm b 2 ` QmiTmi D _1hl_L
m7rm b 2 ` 7 Q ` r ` / D _1hl_L
m7rm b 2 ` H B K B i K H B K B i H B K B i jf KBMmi2 D GP: H Q ; T ` 2 7 B t Ǵ (l6q
GAJAh ) , Ǵ
3e
m7rm b 2 ` H B K B i D _1C1*h
m7rm b 2 ` H B K B i + + 2 T i D **1Sh
*PJJAh
_mH2b mT/ i2/
Ç m7r + M #2 /Bb #H2/ #v,
bm/Q m7r / B b # H 2
Ç hQ b22 i?2 }`2r HH bi imb- 2Mi2`,
bm/Q m7r b i i m b
Ç M/ 7Q` KQ`2 p2`#Qb2 bi imb BM7Q`K iBQM mb2,
bm/Q m7r b i i m b p 2 ` # Q b 2
Ç hQ pB2r i?2 MmK#2`2/ 7Q`K i,
bm/Q m7r b i i m b MmK#2`2/
LQi2
A7 i?2 TQ`i vQm r Mi iQ QT2M Q` +HQb2 Bb /2}M2/ BM f2i+f b2`pB+2b - vQm + M mb2 i?2 TQ`i M K2
BMbi2 / Q7 i?2 MmK#2`X AM i?2 #Qp2 2t KTH2b- `2TH +2 kk rBi? bb?X
h?Bb Bb [mB+F BMi`Q/m+iBQM iQ mbBM; m7rX SH2 b2 `272` iQ i?2 m7r K M T ;2 7Q` KQ`2 BM7Q`K iBQMX
m7r TTHB+ iBQM AMi2;` iBQM
TTHB+ iBQMb i? i QT2M TQ`ib + M BM+Hm/2 M m7r T`Q}H2- r?B+? /2i BHb i?2 TQ`ib M22/2/ 7Q` i?2 TTHB+ iBQM
iQ 7mM+iBQM T`QT2`HvX h?2 T`Q}H2b `2 F2Ti BM f2i+fm7rf TTHB+ iBQMbX/- M/ + M #2 2/Bi2/ B7 i?2 /27 mHi TQ`ib
? p2 #22M +? M;2/X
Ç hQ pB2r r?B+? TTHB+ iBQMb ? p2 BMbi HH2/ T`Q}H2- 2Mi2` i?2 7QHHQrBM; BM i2`KBM H,
bm/Q m7r TT H B b i
Ç aBKBH ` iQ HHQrBM; i` {+ iQ TQ`i- mbBM; M TTHB+ iBQM T`Q}H2 Bb ++QKTHBb?2/ #v 2Mi2`BM;,
bm/Q m7r H H Q r a K#
Ç M 2ti2M/2/ bvMi t Bb p BH #H2 b r2HH,
m7r H H Q r 7`QK R N k X R e 3 X y X y f k 9 i Q Mv TT a K#
_2TH +2 a K# M/ RNkXRe3XyXyfk9 rBi? i?2 TTHB+ iBQM T`Q}H2 vQm `2 mbBM; M/ i?2 AS ` M;2 7Q` vQm`
M2irQ`FX
LQi2
h?2`2 Bb MQ M22/ iQ bT2+B7v i?2 T`QiQ+QH 7Q` i?2 TTHB+ iBQM- #2+ mb2 i? i BM7Q`K iBQM Bb
/2i BH2/ BM i?2 T`Q}H2X HbQ- MQi2 i? i i?2 TT M K2 `2TH +2b i?2 TQ`i MmK#2`X
Ç hQ pB2r /2i BHb #Qmi r?B+? TQ`ib- T`QiQ+QHb- 2i+X- `2 /2}M2/ 7Q` M TTHB+ iBQM- 2Mi2`,
bm/Q m7r TT B M 7 Q a K#
LQi HH TTHB+ iBQMb i? i `2[mB`2 QT2MBM; M2irQ`F TQ`i +QK2 rBi? m7r T`Q}H2b- #mi B7 vQm ? p2 T`Q}H2/
M TTHB+ iBQM M/ r Mi i?2 }H2 iQ #2 BM+Hm/2/ rBi? i?2 T +F ;2- TH2 b2 }H2 #m; ; BMbi i?2 T +F ;2 BM
G mM+?T /X
m#mMim#m; M K2Q7T +F ;2
3d
AS J b[m2` /BM;
h?2 Tm`TQb2 Q7 AS J b[m2` /BM; Bb iQ HHQr K +?BM2b rBi? T`Bp i2- MQM@`Qmi #H2 AS //`2bb2b QM vQm`
M2irQ`F iQ ++2bb i?2 AMi2`M2i i?`Qm;? i?2 K +?BM2 /QBM; i?2 K b[m2` /BM;X h` {+ 7`QK vQm` T`Bp i2
M2irQ`F /2biBM2/ 7Q` i?2 AMi2`M2i Kmbi #2 K MBTmH i2/ 7Q` `2THB2b iQ #2 `Qmi #H2 # +F iQ i?2 K +?BM2 i? i
K /2 i?2 `2[m2biX hQ /Q i?Bb- i?2 F2`M2H Kmbi KQ/B7v i?2 bQm`+2 AS //`2bb Q7 2 +? T +F2i bQ i? i `2THB2b
rBHH #2 `Qmi2/ # +F iQ Bi- ` i?2` i? M iQ i?2 T`Bp i2 AS //`2bb i? i K /2 i?2 `2[m2bi- r?B+? Bb BKTQbbB#H2
Qp2` i?2 AMi2`M2iX GBMmt mb2b *QMM2+iBQM h` +FBM; U+QMMi` +FV iQ F22T i` +F Q7 r?B+? +QMM2+iBQMb #2HQM;
iQ r?B+? K +?BM2b M/ `2`Qmi2 2 +? `2im`M T +F2i ++Q`/BM;HvX h` {+ H2 pBM; vQm` T`Bp i2 M2irQ`F Bb i?mb
dzK b[m2` /2/Ǵ b ? pBM; Q`B;BM i2/ 7`QK vQm` l#mMim ; i2r v K +?BM2X h?Bb T`Q+2bb Bb `272``2/ iQ BM
JB+`QbQ7i /Q+mK2Mi iBQM b AMi2`M2i *QMM2+iBQM a? `BM;X
m7r J b[m2` /BM;
AS J b[m2` /BM; + M #2 +?B2p2/ mbBM; +mbiQK m7r `mH2bX h?Bb Bb TQbbB#H2 #2+ mb2 i?2 +m``2Mi # +F@2M/ 7Q`
m7r Bb BTi #H2b@`2biQ`2 rBi? i?2 `mH2b }H2b HQ+ i2/ BM f2i+fm7rf X`mH2bX h?2b2 }H2b `2 ;`2 i TH +2 iQ //
H2; +v BTi #H2b `mH2b mb2/ rBi?Qmi m7r- M/ `mH2b i? i `2 KQ`2 M2irQ`F ; i2r v Q` #`B/;2 `2H i2/X
h?2 `mH2b `2 bTHBi BMiQ irQ /Bz2`2Mi }H2b- `mH2b i? i b?QmH/ #2 2t2+mi2/ #27Q`2 m7r +QKK M/ HBM2 `mH2b- M/
`mH2b i? i `2 2t2+mi2/ 7i2` m7r +QKK M/ HBM2 `mH2bX
Ç 6B`bi- T +F2i 7Q`r `/BM; M22/b iQ #2 2M #H2/ BM m7rX hrQ +QM};m` iBQM }H2b rBHH M22/ iQ #2 /Dmbi2/-
BM f2i+f/27 mHifm7r +? M;2 i?2 .16lGhn6P_q_.nSPGA*u iQ dz**1ShǴ,
.16lGhn6P_q_.nSPGA*u4Ǵ**1ShǴ
h?2M 2/Bi f2i+fm7rfbvb+iHX+QM7 M/ mM+QKK2Mi,
M 2 i f B T p 9 f BTn7Q`r `/4R
aBKBH `Hv- 7Q` ASpe 7Q`r `/BM; mM+QKK2Mi,
M 2 i f B T p e f + Q M 7 f / 2 7 m H i f 7 Q ` r ` / B M ;4R
Ç LQr // `mH2b iQ i?2 f2i+fm7rf#27Q`2X`mH2b }H2X h?2 /27 mHi `mH2b QMHv +QM};m`2 i?2 }Hi2` i #H2- M/
iQ 2M #H2 K b[m2` /BM; i?2 M i i #H2 rBHH M22/ iQ #2 +QM};m`2/X // i?2 7QHHQrBM; iQ i?2 iQT Q7 i?2
}H2 Dmbi 7i2` i?2 ?2 /2` +QKK2Mib,
O M i h #H2 ` m H 2 b
M i
,SPah_PlhAL: **1Sh ( y , y )
O 6Q`r `/ i ` 7 7 B + 7`QK 2 i ? R i?`Qm;? 2 i ? y X
SPah_PlhAL: b R N k X R e 3 X y X y f k 9 Q 2 i ? y D JaZl1_.1
O /QM Ƕ i / 2 H 2 i 2 i ? 2 Ƕ*PJJAhǶ H B M 2 Q ` i ? 2 b 2 M i i # H 2 ` m H 2 b rQM Ƕ i #2
T`Q+2bb2/
*PJJAh
h?2 +QKK2Mib `2 MQi bi`B+iHv M2+2bb `v- #mi Bi Bb +QMbB/2`2/ ;QQ/ T` +iB+2 iQ /Q+mK2Mi vQm` +QM};m@
` iBQMX HbQ- r?2M KQ/B7vBM; Mv Q7 i?2 `mH2b }H2b BM f2i+fm7r- K F2 bm`2 i?2b2 HBM2b `2 i?2 H bi HBM2
7Q` 2 +? i #H2 KQ/B}2/,
O /QM Ƕ i / 2 H 2 i 2 i ? 2 Ƕ*PJJAhǶ H B M 2 Q ` i ? 2 b 2 ` m H 2 b rQM Ƕ i #2 T ` Q + 2 b b 2 /
*PJJAh
6Q` 2 +? h #H2 +Q``2bTQM/BM; *PJJAh bi i2K2Mi Bb `2[mB`2/X AM i?2b2 2t KTH2b QMHv i?2 M i M/
}Hi2` i #H2b `2 b?QrM- #mi vQm + M HbQ // `mH2b 7Q` i?2 ` r M/ K M;H2 i #H2bX
33
LQi2
AM i?2 #Qp2 2t KTH2 `2TH +2 2i?y- 2i?R- M/ RNkXRe3XyXyfk9 rBi? i?2 TT`QT`B i2 BMi2`7 +2b
M/ AS ` M;2 7Q` vQm` M2irQ`FX
Ç 6BM HHv- /Bb #H2 M/ `2@2M #H2 m7r iQ TTHv i?2 +? M;2b,
bm/Q m7r / B b # H 2 bm/Q m7r 2 M # H 2
AS J b[m2` /BM; b?QmH/ MQr #2 2M #H2/X uQm + M HbQ // Mv //BiBQM H 6P_q_. `mH2b iQ i?2 f2i+f
m7rf#27Q`2X`mH2bX Ai Bb `2+QKK2M/2/ i? i i?2b2 //BiBQM H `mH2b #2 //2/ iQ i?2 m7r@#27Q`2@7Q`r `/ +? BMX
BTi #H2b J b[m2` /BM;
BTi #H2b + M HbQ #2 mb2/ iQ 2M #H2 J b[m2` /BM;X
Ç aBKBH ` iQ m7r- i?2 }`bi bi2T Bb iQ 2M #H2 ASp9 T +F2i 7Q`r `/BM; #v 2/BiBM; f2i+f bvb+iH X+QM7 M/
mM+QKK2Mi i?2 7QHHQrBM; HBM2,
M 2 i X B T p 9 X BTn7Q`r `/4R
A7 vQm rBb? iQ 2M #H2 ASpe 7Q`r `/BM; HbQ mM+QKK2Mi,
M 2 i X B T p e X + Q M 7 X / 2 7 m H i X 7 Q ` r ` / B M ;4R
Ç L2ti- 2t2+mi2 i?2 bvb+iH +QKK M/ iQ 2M #H2 i?2 M2r b2iiBM;b BM i?2 +QM};m` iBQM }H2,
bm/Q b v b + i H T
Ç AS J b[m2` /BM; + M MQr #2 ++QKTHBb?2/ rBi? bBM;H2 BTi #H2b `mH2- r?B+? K v /Bz2` bHB;?iHv # b2/
QM vQm` M2irQ`F +QM};m` iBQM,
bm/Q B T i # H 2 b i M i SPah_PlhAL: b R N k X R e 3 X y X y f R e Q TTTy D
JaZl1_.1
h?2 #Qp2 +QKK M/ bbmK2b i? i vQm` T`Bp i2 //`2bb bT +2 Bb RNkXRe3XyXyfRe M/ i? i vQm` AMi2`M2i@
7 +BM; /2pB+2 Bb TTTyX h?2 bvMi t Bb #`QF2M /QrM b 7QHHQrb,
Ĝ @i M i Ĝ i?2 `mH2 Bb iQ ;Q BMiQ i?2 M i i #H2
Ĝ @ SPah_PlhAL: Ĝ i?2 `mH2 Bb iQ #2 TT2M/2/ U@V iQ i?2 SPah_PlhAL: +? BM
Ĝ @b RNkXRe3XyXyfRe Ĝ i?2 `mH2 TTHB2b iQ i` {+ Q`B;BM iBM; 7`QK i?2 bT2+B}2/ //`2bb bT +2
Ĝ @Q TTTy Ĝ i?2 `mH2 TTHB2b iQ i` {+ b+?2/mH2/ iQ #2 `Qmi2/ i?`Qm;? i?2 bT2+B}2/ M2irQ`F /2pB+2
Ĝ @D JaZl1_.1 Ĝ i` {+ K i+?BM; i?Bb `mH2 Bb iQ dzDmKTǴ U@DV iQ i?2 JaZl1_.1 i `;2i iQ
#2 K MBTmH i2/ b /2b+`B#2/ #Qp2
Ç HbQ- 2 +? +? BM BM i?2 }Hi2` i #H2 Ui?2 /27 mHi i #H2- M/ r?2`2 KQbi Q` HH T +F2i }Hi2`BM; Q++m`bV ? b
/27 mHi TQHB+v Q7 **1Sh- #mi B7 vQm `2 +`2 iBM; }`2r HH BM //BiBQM iQ ; i2r v /2pB+2- vQm
K v ? p2 b2i i?2 TQHB+B2b iQ ._PS Q` _1C1*h- BM r?B+? + b2 vQm` K b[m2` /2/ i` {+ M22/b iQ #2
HHQr2/ i?`Qm;? i?2 6P_q_. +? BM 7Q` i?2 #Qp2 `mH2 iQ rQ`F,
bm/Q B T i # H 2 b 6P_q_. b R N k X R e 3 X y X y f R e Q TTTy D **1Sh
bm/Q B T i # H 2 b 6P_q_. / R N k X R e 3 X y X y f R e K b i i 2 $
b i i 2 1ah"GAa>1.-_1Gh1. B TTTy D **1Sh
h?2 #Qp2 +QKK M/b rBHH HHQr HH +QMM2+iBQMb 7`QK vQm` HQ+ H M2irQ`F iQ i?2 AMi2`M2i M/ HH i` {+
`2H i2/ iQ i?Qb2 +QMM2+iBQMb iQ `2im`M iQ i?2 K +?BM2 i? i BMBiB i2/ i?2KX
3N
Ç A7 vQm r Mi K b[m2` /BM; iQ #2 2M #H2/ QM `2#QQi- r?B+? vQm T`Q# #Hv /Q- 2/Bi f2i+f`+X HQ+ H M/ //
Mv +QKK M/b mb2/ #Qp2X 6Q` 2t KTH2 // i?2 }`bi +QKK M/ rBi? MQ }Hi2`BM;,
B T i # H 2 b i M i SPah_PlhAL: b R N k X R e 3 X y X y f R e Q TTTy D JaZl1_.1
GQ;b
6B`2r HH HQ;b `2 2bb2MiB H 7Q` `2+Q;MBxBM; ii +Fb- i`Qm#H2b?QQiBM; vQm` }`2r HH `mH2b- M/ MQiB+BM; mMmbm H
+iBpBiv QM vQm` M2irQ`FX uQm Kmbi BM+Hm/2 HQ;;BM; `mH2b BM vQm` }`2r HH 7Q` i?2K iQ #2 ;2M2` i2/- i?Qm;?-
M/ HQ;;BM; `mH2b Kmbi +QK2 #27Q`2 Mv TTHB+ #H2 i2`KBM iBM; `mH2 U `mH2 rBi? i `;2i i? i /2+B/2b i?2
7 i2 Q7 i?2 T +F2i- bm+? b **1Sh- ._PS- Q` _1C1*hVX
A7 vQm `2 mbBM; m7r- vQm + M im`M QM HQ;;BM; #v 2Mi2`BM; i?2 7QHHQrBM; BM i2`KBM H,
bm/Q m7r H Q ; ; B M ; QM
hQ im`M HQ;;BM; Qz BM m7r- bBKTHv `2TH +2 QM rBi? Qz BM i?2 #Qp2 +QKK M/X
A7 mbBM; BTi #H2b BMbi2 / Q7 m7r- 2Mi2`,
bm/Q B T i # H 2 b ALSlh K b i i 2 b i i 2 L1q T i + T / T Q ` i 3y $
D GP: H Q ; T ` 2 7 B t ǴL1qn>hhSn*PLL, Ǵ
`2[m2bi QM TQ`i 3y 7`QK i?2 HQ+ H K +?BM2- i?2M- rQmH/ ;2M2` i2 HQ; BM /K2b; i? i HQQFb HBF2 i?Bb UbBM;H2
HBM2 bTHBi BMiQ j iQ }i i?Bb /Q+mK2MiV,
( 9 j y 9 3 3 8 X 3 d y y y y ) L1qn>hhSn*PLL, AL4H Q Plh4 J*
4yy,yy,yy,yy,yy,yy,yy,yy,yy,yy,yy,yy,y3,yy
a_*4 R k d X y X y X R .ah4 R k d X y X y X R G1L4ey hPa4ytyy S_1*4ytyy hhG4e9 A.483k33 .6 S_PhP
4h*S
aSh48jN3R .Sh43y qAL.Pq4jkded _1a4ytyy auL l_:S4y
h?2 #Qp2 HQ; rBHH HbQ TT2 ` BM fp `fHQ;fK2bb ;2b- fp `fHQ;fbvbHQ;- M/ fp `fHQ;fF2`MXHQ;X h?Bb #2? pBQ`
+ M #2 KQ/B}2/ #v 2/BiBM; f2i+fbvbHQ; X+QM7 TT`QT`B i2Hv Q` #v BMbi HHBM; M/ +QM};m`BM; mHQ;/ M/ mbBM;
i?2 lGP: i `;2i BMbi2 / Q7 GP:X h?2 mHQ;/ / 2KQM Bb mb2`bT +2 b2`p2` i? i HBbi2Mb 7Q` HQ;;BM; BMbi`m+iBQMb
7`QK i?2 F2`M2H bT2+B}+ HHv 7Q` }`2r HHb- M/ + M HQ; iQ Mv }H2 vQm HBF2- Q` 2p2M iQ SQbi;`2aZG Q` JvaZG
/ i # b2X J FBM; b2Mb2 Q7 vQm` }`2r HH HQ;b + M #2 bBKTHB}2/ #v mbBM; HQ; M HvxBM; iQQH bm+? b HQ;r i+?-
7r M HQ;- 7rHQ;r i+?- Q` HB`2X
Pi?2` hQQHb
h?2`2 `2 K Mv iQQHb p BH #H2 iQ ?2HT vQm +QMbi`m+i +QKTH2i2 }`2r HH rBi?Qmi BMiBK i2 FMQrH2/;2 Q7
BTi #H2bX +QKK M/@HBM2 iQQH rBi? TH BM@i2ti +QM};m` iBQM }H2b,
Ç a?Q`2r HH Bb p2`v TQr2`7mH bQHmiBQM iQ ?2HT vQm +QM};m`2 M /p M+2/ }`2r HH 7Q` Mv M2irQ`FX
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Ç h?2 l#mMim 6B`2r HH rBFB T ;2 +QMi BMb BM7Q`K iBQM QM i?2 /2p2HQTK2Mi Q7 m7rX
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2*`vTi7b Bb /2T`2+ i2/
2*`vTi7b Bb /2T`2+ i2/ M/ b?QmH/ MQi #2 mb2/- BMbi2 / i?2 GlEa b2imT b /2}M2/ #v i?2 l#mMim BMbi HH2`
Bb `2+QKK2M/2/X h? i BM im`M @ 7Q` ivTB+ H `2KQi2 b2`p2` b2imT rBHH M22/ `2KQi2 F2v biQ`2 b mbm HHv MQ
QM2 Bb i?2`2 iQ 2Mi2` F2v QM #QQiX
oB`im HBx iBQM Bb #2BM; /QTi2/ BM K Mv /Bz2`2Mi 2MpB`QMK2Mib M/ bBim iBQMbX A7 vQm `2 /2p2HQT2`-
pB`im HBx iBQM + M T`QpB/2 vQm rBi? +QMi BM2/ 2MpB`QMK2Mi r?2`2 vQm + M b 72Hv /Q HKQbi Mv bQ`i Q7
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`2[mB`2b pB`im HBx iBQM 2ti2MbBQMbX "mi EoJ Bb HbQ p BH #H2 7Q` A"J w M/ GBMmtPL1- A"J SPq1_ b
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#2 mb2/ 7Q` ? `/r `2 rBi?Qmi pB`im HBx iBQM 2ti2MbBQMb #v mbBM; Bib h*: KQ/2X
q?BH2 pB`im HBx iBQM Bb BM K Mv r vb bBKBH ` iQ +QMi BM2`b i?Qb2 `2 /Bz2`2Mi M/ BKTH2K2Mi2/ pB Qi?2`
bQHmiBQMb HBF2 Gs.- bvbi2K/@MbT rM- +QMi BM2`/ M/ Qi?2`bX
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r Mi 7`2b? l#mMim 2MpB`QMK2Mi rBi? bBM;H2 +QKK M/ M/ rQ`Fb QM GBMmt- qBM/Qrb M/ K +PaX
PM GBMmt BiǶb p BH #H2 b bM T,
bm/Q bM T B M b i H H K m H i B T b b # 2 i + H b b B +
lb ;2
6BM/ p BH #H2 BK ;2b
0 KmHiBT bb 7BM/
AK ;2 HB b2b o2`bBQM .2b+`BTiBQM
+Q`2 +Q`2Re kyRNy9k9 l#mMim *Q`2 Re
+Q`2R3 kyRNykRj l#mMim *Q`2 R3
ReXy9 t2MB H kyRNyek3 l#mMim R e X y 9 Gha
R3Xy9 #BQMB+ - H i b kyRNyekdXR l#mMim R 3 X y 9 Gha
R3XRy +Q b K B + kyRNyek3 l#mMim R 3 X R y
RNXy9 /Bb+Q kyRNyek3 l#mMim R N X y 9
/ BHv ,RNXRy / 2 p 2 H - 2Q M kyRNyekj l#mMim R N X R y
G mM+? 7`2b? BMbi M+2 Q7 i?2 +m``2Mi l#mMim Gha
0 K m H i B T b b H m M + ? m#mMim
G mM+?BM; / M+BM;+?BTKmMF X X X
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G mM+?2/ , / M + B M ; +?BTKmMF
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L K2 ai i2 ASp9 _2H2 b2
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H B p 2 M B / _lLLAL: RyXRk8XRd9Xk9j l#mMim R 3 X y 9 Gha
b M T + ` 7 i b + B B M 2 K ahPSS1. l#mMim a M T + ` 7 i
# m B H / 2 ` 7 Q ` *Q`2 R3
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0 K m H i B T b b B M 7 Q / M+BM;+?BTKmMF
L K2 , / M+BM;+?BTKmMF
ai i2 , _lLLAL:
ASp9 , RyXRk8XRd9Xk9d
_2H2 b2 , l#mMim R 3 X y 9 X R Gha
AK ;2 ? b? , RN 2N38j/3ked U l#mMim R 3 X y 9 GhaV
GQ / , yXNd yXjy yXRy
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J2KQ`v m b ; 2 , 3 8 X RJ Qmi Q 7 N 3 8 X 9J
*QMM2+i iQ `mMMBM; BMbi M+2
0 K m H i B T b b b ? 2 H H / M+BM;+?BTKmMF
q2H+QK2 i Q l#mMim R 3 X y 9 X R Gha U:Llf GBMmt 9XR8Xy 9k ; 2 M 2 ` B + t3ene9 V
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LQ Ga" KQ/mH2b ` 2 p B H # H 2 X
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0 K m H i B T b b / 2 H 2 i 2 / M+BM;+?BTKmMF
Ai rBHH MQr b?Qr mT b /2H2i2/, 0 KmHiBT bb HBbi L K2 ai i2 ASp9 _2H2 b2 bM T+` 7i b+BBM2K ahPSS1.
l#mMim aM T+` 7i #mBH/2` 7Q` *Q`2 R3 / M+BM;+?BTKmMF .1G1h1. LQi p BH #H2
M/ r?2M vQm r Mi iQ +QKTH2i2Hv ;2i `B/ Q7 Bi,
0 K m H i B T b b Tm`;2
Ne
AMi2;` i2 BMiQ i?2 `2bi Q7 vQm` pB`im HBx iBQM
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0 bm/Q K m H i B T b b b 2 i H Q + H X / ` B p 2 `4H B # p B ` i
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JQ`2 #Qmi i?2b2 BM i?2 HB#pB`i b2+iBQMX
HH i?Qb2 QTiBQMb #Qp2 `2 +QMbB/2`2/ # bB+ mb ;2 Q7 ;` T?B+bX h?2`2 `2 /p M+2/ QTiBQMb 7Q` 7m`i?2` M22/bX
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Ç L22/ bQK2 j. ++2H2` iBQM, p; pB`iBQ rBi? HQ+ H /BbTH v ? pBM; :G +QMi2ti /BbTH v ;iF-;H4QMc
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E2`M2Hb =49X9 #mi ? `/ iQ ;2i #v 7Q` Qi?2` + b2bX q?BH2 MQi b 7 bi b i?2 M2ti irQ QTiBQMb- i?2 #B;
#2M2}i Bb i? i Bi + M #2 mb2/ rBi?Qmi //BiBQM H ? `/r `2 M/ rBi?Qmi T`QT2` APJJl b2imT 7Q`
/2pB+2 T bbi?`Qm;?X
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M APJJl b2imT M/ mM#BM/ i?2 + `/b 7`QK i?2 ?Qbi #27Q`2 vQm + M T bb Bi i?`Qm;? HBF2
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4y8,yyXR-#mb4R- //`4yyXR
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/2pB+2b iQ b? `/ + `/ QM i?2 >Qbi BMiQ KmHiBTH2 /2pB+2b M/ T bb i?Qb2 HBF2 /BbTH v ;iF-;H
4QM /2pB+2 p}QT+B-bvb7b/2p4fbvbf#mbfT+Bf/2pB+2bfyyyy,yy,ykXyf9//8RR7e2+y3RR23#3jNk
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b? `/BM; Q7 i?2 + `/b Bb /`Bp2` bT2+B}+ M/ i?2`27Q`2 rBHH /Bz2` T2` K Mm7 +im`2` HBF2 AMi2H Q` LpB/B X
1bT2+B HHv i?2 /p M+2/ + b2b + M ;2i T`2iiv +QKTH2t- i?2`27Q`2 Bi Bb `2+QKK2M/2/ iQ mb2 [2Km i?`Qm;?
HB#pB`i 7Q` i?Qb2 + b2bX GB#pB`i rBHH i F2 + `2 Q7 HH #mi i?2 ?Qbi F2`M2Hf#BQb i bFb Q7 bm+? +QM};m` iBQMbX
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p B ` b ? i i + ? / 2 p B + 2 I;m2biM K2= I/ 2 p B + 2 tKH=
O lb2 i ? 2 .2 p B + 2 B M i i ? 2 :m2bi
p B ` b ? /2i +?/ 2 p B + 2 I;m2biM K2= I/ 2 p B + 2 tKH=
++2bb Z2Km JQMBiQ` pB HB#pB`i
h?2 Z2Km JQMBiQ` Bb i?2 r v iQ BMi2` +i rBi? [2KmfEoJ r?BH2 ;m2bi Bb `mMMBM;X h?Bb BMi2`7 +2 ? b
K Mv M/ p2`v TQr2`7mH 72 im`2b 7Q` 2tT2`B2M+2/ mb2`bX q?2M `mMMBM; mM/2` HB#pB`i i? i KQMBiQ` BMi2`7 +2
Bb #QmM/ #v HB#pB`i Bib2H7 7Q` K M ;2K2Mi Tm`TQb2b- #mi mb2` + M `mM [2Km KQMBiQ` +QKK M/b pB HB#pB`i
biBHHX h?2 ;2M2` H bvMi t Bb pB`b? [2KmKQMBiQ`+QKK M/ (QTiBQMb) (;m2bi) Ƕ+QKK M/Ƕ
GB#pB`i +Qp2`b KQbi mb2 + b2b M22/2/- #mi B7 vQm 2p2`v r MifM22/ iQ rQ`F `QmM/ HB#pB`i Q` r Mi iQ ir2 F
p2`v bT2+B H QTiBQMb vQm + M 2X;X // /2pB+2 i? i r v,
p B ` b ? [2KmKQMBiQ`+QKK M/ ?KT 7 Q + H i 2 b i H Q ; Ƕ /`Bp2n // y B 7 4MQM2 - 7 B H 2 4fp `
f H B # f H B # p B ` i f BK ;2b f i 2 b i X BK; - 7Q`K i4` r - B /4/ B b F R Ƕ
"mi bBM+2 i?2 KQMBiQ` Bb bQ TQr2`7mH- vQm + M /Q HQi 2bT2+B HHv 7Q` /2#m;;BM; Tm`TQb2b HBF2 b?QrBM; i?2
;m2bi `2;Bbi2`b,
p B ` b ? [2KmKQMBiQ`+QKK M/ ?KT vB T M b Ƕ B M 7 Q ` 2 ; B b i 2 ` b Ƕ
_s4yy 7 7 7 7 + y y y y y y y y y _"s47 7 7 7 3 7 y 7 8 / 8 + d 2 9 3 _*s4yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy _.s4
77772 yyyyd8dR+y
_aA 4yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy _.A47 7 7 7 3 7 y 7 / / 8 + d 2 9 3 _"S47 7 7 7 3 7 y 7 8 / 8 + d 2 R 3 _aS4
777737y78/8+d/73
(XXX)
Ry9
>m;2 S ;2b
lbBM; ?m;2 T ;2b + M ?2HT iQ `2/m+2 hG" T`2bbm`2- T ;2 i #H2 Qp2`?2 / M/ bT22/ mT bQK2 7m`i?2` K2KQ`v
`2H i2 +iBQMbX 6m`i?2`KQ`2 #v /27 mHi h` MbT `2Mi ?m;2 T ;2b `2 mb27mH- #mi + M #2 [mBi2 bQK2 Qp2`?2 / @
bQ B7 Bi Bb +H2 ` i? i mbBM; ?m;2 T ;2b Bb T`272``2/ K FBM; i?2K 2tTHB+Bi mbm HHv ? b bQK2 ; BMbX
q?BH2 ?m;2 T ;2 `2 /KBii2/Hv ? `/2` iQ K M ;2- 2bT2+B HHv H i2` BM i?2 HB72iBK2 Q7 bvbi2K B7 K2KQ`v Bb
7` ;K2Mi2/ i?2v T`QpB/2 mb27mH #QQbi 2bT2+B HHv 7Q` ` i?2` H `;2 ;m2bibX
"QMmb, q?2M mbBM; /2pB+2 T bb i?`Qm;? QM p2`v H `;2 ;m2bib i?2`2 Bb M 2ti` #2M2}i Q7 mbBM; ?m;2 T ;2b
b Bi Bb 7 bi2` iQ /Q i?2 BMBiB H K2KQ`v +H2 ` QM p}Q /K TBMX
>m;2 T ;2 HHQ+ iBQM
>m;2 T ;2b +QK2 BM /Bz2`2Mi bBx2bX MQ`K H T ;2 mbm HHv Bb 9F M/ ?m;2 T ;2b `2 2Bi?2 kJ Q` R:- #mi
/2T2M/BM; QM i?2 `+?Bi2+im`2 Qi?2` QTiBQMb `2 TQbbB#H2X
h?2 KQbi bBKTH2- v2i H2 bi `2HB #H2 r v iQ HHQ+ i2 bQK2 ?m;2 T ;2b Bb iQ Dmbi 2+?Q p Hm2 iQ bvb7b "2 bm`2
iQ `2@+?2+F B7 Bi rQ`F2/X
0 2+?Q k8e % bm/Q i 2 2 f b v b f F 2 ` M 2 H fKKf ?m;2T ;2b f ?m;2T ;2b ky93F"f M`n?m;2T ;2b
0 + i f b v b f F 2 ` M 2 H fKKf ?m;2T ;2b f ?m;2T ;2b ky93F"f M`n?m;2T ;2b
k8e
h?2`2 QM2 Q7 i?2b2 bBx2b Bb dz/27 mHi ?m;2 T ;2 bBx2Ǵ r?B+? rBHH #2 mb2/ BM i?2 miQ@KQmMi2/ f/2pf?m;2T ;2bX
*? M;BM; i?2 /27 mHi bBx2 `2[mB`2b `2#QQi M/ Bb b2i pB /27 mHin?m;2T ;2bx
uQm + M +?2+F i?2 +m``2Mi /27 mHi bBx2,
0 ; ` 2 T > m ; 2 T ; 2 b B x 2 f T ` Q + f K2KBM7Q
>m;2T ;2bBx2 , ky93 F"
"mi i?2`2 + M #2 KQ`2 i? M QM2 i i?2 b K2 iBK2 QM2 #2ii2` +?2+F,
0 i B H f b v b f F 2 ` M 2 H fKKf ?m;2T ;2b f ?m;2T ;2b fM`n?m;2T ;2b ǵ
44= f b v b f F 2 ` M 2 H fKKf ?m;2T ;2b f ?m;2T ;2b Ry938deF"f M`n?m;2T ;2b I44
y
44= f b v b f F 2 ` M 2 H fKKf ?m;2T ;2b f ?m;2T ;2b ky93F"f M`n?m;2T ;2b I44
k
M/ 2p2M i? i +QmH/ QM #B;;2` bvbi2Kb #2 7m`i?2` bTHBi T2` LmK MQ/2X
PM2 + M HHQ+ i2 ?m;2 T ;2b i #QQi Q` `mMiBK2- #mi /m2 iQ 7` ;K2Mi iBQM i?2`2 `2 MQ ;m ` Mi22b Bi rQ`Fb
H i2`X h?2 F2`M2H /Q+mK2Mi iBQM HBbib /2i BHb QM #Qi? r vbX
>m;2 T ;2b M22/ iQ #2 HHQ+ i2/ #v i?2 F2`M2H b K2MiBQM2/ #Qp2 #mi iQ #2 +QMbmK #H2 i?2v HbQ ? p2 iQ
#2 KQmMi2/X "v /27 mHi bvbi2K/ rBHH K F2 f/2pf?m;2T ;2b p BH #H2 7Q` i?2 /27 mHi ?m;2 T ;2 bBx2X 622H
7`22 iQ // KQ`2 KQmMi TQBMib B7 vQm M22/ /Bz2`2Mi bBx2/X M Qp2`pB2r + M #2 [m2`B2/ rBi?
0 ?m;2 /K H B b i H H KQmMib
JQmMi SQBMi PTiBQMb
f /2p f ?m;2T ;2b `r - ` 2 H i B K 2 - T ; 2 b B x 2 4kJ
QM2@biQT BM7Q 7Q` i?2 Qp2` HH ?m;2 T ;2 bi imb Q7 i?2 bvbi2K + M #2 `2TQ`i2/ rBi?
0 ?m;2 /K 2 t T H B M
Ry8
>m;2 T ;2 mb ;2 BM HB#pB`i
qBi? i?2 #Qp2 BM TH +2 HB#pB`i + M K T ;m2bi K2KQ`v iQ ?m;2 T ;2bX AM ;m2bi /2}MBiBQM // i?2 KQbi
bBKTH2 7Q`K Q7
IK2KQ`v" +FBM;=
I?m;2T ;2bf=
IfK2KQ`v" +FBM;=
h? i rBHH HHQ+ i2 i?2 ?m;2 T ;2b mbBM; i?2 /27 mHi ?m;2 T ;2 bBx2 7`QK miQ/2i2+i2/ KQmMiTQBMiX 6Q`
KQ`2 +QMi`QH 2X;X ?Qr K2KQ`v Bb bT`2 / Qp2` LmK MQ/2b Q` r?B+? T ;2 bBx2 iQ mb2 +?2+F Qmi i?2 /2i BHb i
i?2 HB#pB`i /Q+X
TT `KQ` BbQH iBQM
"v /27 mHi HB#pB`i rBHH bT rM [2Km ;m2bib mbBM; TT `KQ` BbQH iBQM 7Q` 2M? M+2/ b2+m`BivX h?2 TT `KQ`
`mH2b 7Q` ;m2bi rBHH +QMbBbi Q7 KmHiBTH2 2H2K2Mib,
Ç bi iB+ T `i i? i HH ;m2bib b? `2 4= f2i+f TT `KQ`X/f #bi` +iBQMbfHB#pB`i[2Km
Ç /vM KB+ T `i +`2 i2/ i ;m2bi bi `i iBK2 M/ KQ/B}2/ QM ?QiTHm;fmMTHm; 4= f2i+f TT `KQ`X/f
HB#pB`if HB#pB`i 7N8jj2j8e#ej9878Ne#2d++++NeNe/82X}H2b
P7 i?2 #Qp2 i?2 7Q`K2` Bb T`QpB/2/ M/ mT/ i2/ #v i?2 HB#pB`i / 2KQM T +F ;2 M/ i?2 H ii2` Bb ;2M2` i2/
QM ;m2bi bi `iX LQM2 Q7 i?2 irQ b?QmH/ #2 K Mm HHv 2/Bi2/X h?2v rBHH #v /27 mHi +Qp2` i?2 p bi K DQ`Biv Q7
mb2 + b2b M/ rQ`F }M2X "mi i?2`2 `2 +2`i BM + b2b r?2`2 mb2`b 2Bi?2` r Mi iQ,
Ç 7m`i?2` HQ+F /QrM i?2 ;m2bi U2X;X #v 2tTHB+BiHv /2MvBM; ++2bb i? i mbm HHv rQmH/ #2 HHQr2/V
Ç QT2M mT i?2 ;m2bi BbQH iBQM UKQbi Q7 i?2 iBK2 i?Bb Bb M22/2/ B7 i?2 b2imT QM i?2 HQ+ H K +?BM2 /Q2b MQi
7QHHQr i?2 +QKKQMHv mb2/ T i?bX
hQ /Q bQ i?2`2 `2 irQ }H2b iQ /Q bQX "Qi? `2 HQ+ H Qp2``B/2b r?B+? HHQr vQm iQ KQ/B7v i?2K rBi?Qmi
;2iiBM; i?2K +HQ##2`2/ Q` +QKK M/ }H2 T`QKTib QM T +F ;2 mT;` /2bX
Ç f2i+f TT `KQ`X/fHQ+ Hf #bi` +iBQMbfHB#pB`i[2Km i?Bb rBHH #2 TTHB2/ iQ 2p2`v ;m2biX h?2`27Q`2 Bi Bb
` i?2` TQr2`7mH- #mi HbQ ` i?2` #HmMi iQQHX Ai Bb [mBi2 mb27mH TH +2 i?Qm iQ // //BiBQM H /2Mv
`mH2bX
Ç f2i+f TT `KQ`X/fHQ+ Hfmb`XHB#X HB#pB`i X pB`i ?2HT2` i?2 #Qp2 K2MiBQM2/ /vM KB+ T `i i? i Bb BM@
/BpB/m H T2` ;m2bi Bb ;2M2` i2/ #v iQQH + HH2/ HB#pB`i X pB`i ?2HT2`X h? i Bb mM/2` TT `KQ`
BbQH iBQM b r2HHX h?Bb Bb KQbi +QKKQMHv mb2/ B7 vQm r Mi iQ mb2 mM+QKKQM T i?b b Bi HHQrb iQ
?p2 i?Qb2 mM+QKKQM T i?b BM i?2 ;m2bi sJG Ub22 pB`b? 2/BiV M/ ? p2 i?Qb2 T i?b `2M/2`2/ iQ i?2
T2`@;m2bi /vM KB+ `mH2bX
_2bQm`+2b
Ç a22 i?2 EoJ ?QK2 T ;2 7Q` KQ`2 /2i BHbX
Ç 6Q` KQ`2 BM7Q`K iBQM QM HB#pB`i b22 i?2 HB#pB`i ?QK2 T ;2
Ĝ tKH +QM};m` iBQM Q7 /QK BMb M/ biQ` ;2 #2BM; i?2 KQbi Q7i2M mb2/ HB#pB`i `272`2M+2
Ç MQi?2` ;QQ/ `2bQm`+2 Bb i?2 l#mMim qBFB EoJ T ;2X
Ç 6Q` # bB+b ?Qr iQ bbB;M oh@/ /2pB+2b iQ [2KmfEoJ- TH2 b2 b22 i?2 HBMmt@FpK T ;2X
Rye
*HQm/ BK ;2b M/ mpiQQH
AMi`Q/m+iBQM
qBi? l#mMim #2BM; QM2 Q7 i?2 KQbi mb2/ QT2` iBM; bvbi2Kb QM K Mv +HQm/ TH i7Q`Kb- i?2 p BH #BHBiv Q7
bi #H2 M/ b2+m`2 +HQm/ BK ;2b ? b #2+QK2 p2`v BKTQ`i MiX b Q7 RkXy9 i?2 miBHBx iBQM Q7 +HQm/ BK ;2b
QmibB/2 Q7 +HQm/ BM7` bi`m+im`2 ? b #22M BKT`Qp2/X Ai Bb MQr TQbbB#H2 iQ mb2 i?Qb2 BK ;2b iQ +`2 i2
pB`im H K +?BM2 rBi?Qmi i?2 M22/ Q7 +QKTH2i2 BMbi HH iBQMX
*`2 iBM; pB`im H K +?BM2b mbBM; mpiQQH
ai `iBM; rBi? R9Xy9 Gha- iQQH + HH2/ mpiQQH ;`2 iHv 7 +BHBi i2b i?2 i bF Q7 ;2M2` iBM; pB`im H K +?BM2b UoJV
mbBM; i?2 +HQm/ BK ;2bX mpiQQH T`QpB/2b bBKTH2 K2+? MBbK iQ bvM+?`QMBx2 +HQm/@BK ;2b HQ+ HHv M/ mb2
i?2K iQ +`2 i2 M2r oJb BM KBMmi2bX
lpiQQH T +F ;2b
h?2 7QHHQrBM; T +F ;2b M/ i?2B` /2T2M/2M+B2b rBHH #2 `2[mB`2/ BM Q`/2` iQ mb2 mpiQQH,
Ç mpiQQH
Ç mpiQQH@HB#pB`i
hQ BMbi HH mpiQQH- `mM,
0 bm/Q Ti v B M b i H H m p i Q Q H
h?Bb rBHH BMbi HH mpiQQHǶb K BM +QKK M/b,
Ç mpi@bBKTH2bi`2 Kb@HB#pB`i
Ç mpi@FpK
:2i i?2 l#mMim *HQm/ AK ;2 rBi? mpi@bBKTH2bi`2 Kb@HB#pB`i
h?Bb Bb QM2 Q7 i?2 K DQ` bBKTHB}+ iBQMb i? i mpiQQH #`BM;bX Ai Bb r `2 Q7 r?2`2 iQ }M/ i?2 +HQm/ BK ;2b bQ
QMHv QM2 +QKK M/ Bb `2[mB`2/ iQ ;2i M2r +HQm/ BK ;2X 6Q` BMbi M+2- B7 vQm r Mi iQ bvM+?`QMBx2 HH +HQm/
BK ;2b 7Q` i?2 K/e9 `+?Bi2+im`2- i?2 mpiQQH +QKK M/ rQmH/ #2,
0 mpib B K T H 2 b i ` 2 K b H B # p B ` i p 2 ` # Q b 2 bvM+ ` + ?4 K/e9
7i2` M KQmMi Q7 iBK2 `2[mB`2/ iQ /QrMHQ / HH i?2 BK ;2b 7`QK i?2 AMi2`M2i- vQm rBHH ? p2 +QKTH2i2 b2i
Q7 +HQm/ BK ;2b biQ`2/ HQ+ HHvX hQ b22 r? i ? b #22M /QrMHQ /2/ mb2 i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QKK M/,
0 mpib B K T H 2 b i ` 2 K b H B # p B ` i [m2`v
` 2 H 2 b 24# B Q M B + ` + ?4 K/e9 H # 2 H4/ B H v U k y R N R R y d V
` 2 H 2 b 247 Q + H ` + ?4 K/e9 H # 2 H4/ B H v U k y R N R y k N V
XXX
AM i?2 + b2 r?2`2 vQm r Mi iQ bvM+?`QMBx2 QMHv QM2 bT2+B}+ +HQm/@BK ;2- vQm M22/ iQ mb2 i?2 `2H2 b24 M/
`+?4 }Hi2`b iQ B/2MiB7v r?B+? BK ;2 M22/b iQ #2 bvM+?`QMBx2/X
0 mpib B K T H 2 b i ` 2 K b H B # p B ` i bvM+ ` 2 H 2 b 24.Aah_Pa>P_h*P.1LJ1 ` + ?4 K/e9
Ryd
6m`i?2`KQ`2 vQm + M T`QpB/2 M Hi2`M iBp2 l_G iQ 72i+? BK ;2b 7`QKX +QKKQM + b2 `2 i?2 / BHv BK ;2b
r?B+? ?2HTb iQ ;2i i?2 p2`v H i2bi BK ;2b Q` B7 vQm M22/ ++2bb iQ i?2 MQi v2i `2H2 b2/ /2p2HQTK2Mi `2H2 b2
Q7 l#mMimX
0 mpib B K T H 2 b i ` 2 K b H B # p B ` i bvM+ b Q m ` + 2 ?iiT , f f +HQm/BK ;2b X m#mMim X +QKf / B H v
( X X X 7m`i?2` QTiBQMb )
*`2 i2 i?2 oJ mbBM; mpi@FpK
AM Q`/2` iQ +QMM2+i iQ i?2 pB`im H K +?BM2 QM+2 Bi ? b #22M +`2 i2/- vQm Kmbi ? p2 p HB/ aa> F2v p BH #H2
7Q` i?2 l#mMim mb2`X A7 vQm` 2MpB`QMK2Mi /Q2b MQi ? p2 M aa> F2v- vQm + M 2 bBHv +`2 i2 QM2 mbBM; i?2
7QHHQrBM; +QKK M/,
0 bb?F2v;2M
: 2 M 2 ` i B M ; T m # H B + f T ` B p i 2 ` b F2v T B ` X
1Mi2` 7 B H 2 B M r?B+? i Q b p 2 i ? 2 F2v U f ?QK2f m#mMim f X b b ? f B / n ` b V ,
1Mi2` T b b T ? ` b 2 U 2KTiv 7 Q ` MQ T b b T ? ` b 2 V ,
1Mi2` b K2 T b b T ? ` b 2 ; B M ,
uQm` B / 2 M i B 7 B + i B Q M ? b #22M b p2/ B M f?QK2f m#mMim f X b b ? f B / n ` b X
uQm` T m # H B + F2v ? b #22M b p2/ B M f?QK2f m#mMim f X b b ? f B / n ` b X Tm# X
h?2 F2v 7 B M ; 2 ` T ` B M i B b ,
9/ , # , 8 / , 8 d , +N , 9 N , 2 7 , #8 , # , d R , R 9 , 8 e , e 2 , k # , / , N # m#mMim!.Aah_Pa>P_h*P.1LJ1a
h?2 F2v Ƕ b ` M/QK `i BK ;2 B b ,
Y( _a ky93)Y
% XX%
% Q X4%
% X %
% Y QY4%
% a X XXX4X%
% Q X XY X %
% X X Q Q %
% %
% 1 %
YY
hQ +`2 i2 Q7 M2r pB`im H K +?BM2 mbBM; mpiQQH- `mM i?2 7QHHQrBM; BM i2`KBM H,
0 mpiFpK + ` 2 i 2 7 B ` b i i 2 b i
h?Bb rBHH +`2 i2 oJ M K2/ }`bii2bi mbBM; i?2 +m``2Mi Gha +HQm/ BK ;2 p BH #H2 HQ+ HHvX A7 vQm r Mi iQ
bT2+B7v `2H2 b2 iQ #2 mb2/ iQ +`2 i2 i?2 oJ- vQm M22/ iQ mb2 i?2 `2H2 b24 }Hi2`,
0 mpiFpK + ` 2 i 2 b 2 + Q M / i 2 b i ` 2 H 2 b 24.Aah_Pa>P_h*P.1LJ1
mpi@FpK r Bi + M #2 mb2/ iQ r Bi mMiBH i?2 +`2 iBQM Q7 i?2 oJ ? b +QKTH2i2/,
0 mpiFpK r B i b 2 + Q M / i i 2 b i
*QMM2+i iQ i?2 `mMMBM; oJ
PM+2 i?2 pB`im H K +?BM2 +`2 iBQM Bb +QKTH2i2/- vQm + M +QMM2+i iQ Bi mbBM; aa>,
0 mpiFpK b b ? b 2 + Q M / i 2 b i
uQm + M HbQ +QMM2+i iQ vQm` oJ mbBM; `2;mH ` aa> b2bbBQM mbBM; i?2 AS //`2bb Q7 i?2 oJX h?2 //`2bb
+ M #2 [m2`B2/ mbBM; i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QKK M/,
Ry3
0 mpiFpK B T b 2 + Q M / i 2 b i
RNkXRe3XRkkXRNN
0 b b ? B f X b b ? f B / n ` b m#mMim!RNk X R e 3 X R k k X R N N
(XXX)
hQ `mM +QKK M/ b / K B M B b i ` i Q ` U m b 2 ` Ǵ ` Q Q i Ǵ V - m b 2 Ǵ bm/Q I+QKK M/=ǴX
a22 ǴK M bm/Qn`QQi Ǵ 7 Q ` / 2 i B H b X
m#mMim!b2+QM/i2bi , 0
:2i i?2 HBbi Q7 `mMMBM; oJb
uQm + M ;2i i?2 HBbi Q7 oJb `mMMBM; QM vQm` bvbi2K rBi? i?Bb +QKK M/,
0 mpiFpK H B b i
b2+QM/i2bi
.2bi`Qv vQm` oJ
PM+2 vQm `2 /QM2 rBi? vQm` oJ- vQm + M /2bi`Qv Bi rBi?,
0 mpiFpK / 2 b i ` Q v b 2 + Q M / i 2 b i
LQi2, Qi?2` i? M HB#pB`ib /2bi`Qv +iBQM i?Bb rBHH #v /27 mHi HbQ `2KQp2 i?2 bbQ+B i2/ pB`im H biQ` ;2 }H2bX
JQ`2 mpi@FpK QTiBQMb
h?2 7QHHQrBM; QTiBQMb + M #2 mb2/ iQ +? M;2 bQK2 Q7 i?2 +? ` +i2`BbiB+b Q7 i?2 oJ i? i vQm `2 +`2 iBM;,
Ç @@K2KQ`v , KQmMi Q7 _J BM K2; #vi2bX .27 mHi, 8RkX
Ç @@/BbF , aBx2 Q7 i?2 Pa /BbF BM ;B; #vi2bX .27 mHi, 3X
Ç @@+Tm , LmK#2` Q7 *Sl +Q`2bX .27 mHi, RX
aQK2 Qi?2` T ` K2i2`b rBHH ? p2 M BKT +i QM i?2 +HQm/@BMBi +QM};m` iBQM,
Ç @@T bbrQ`/ T bbrQ`/ , HHQr HQ;BM iQ i?2 oJ mbBM; i?2 l#mMim ++QmMi M/ i?Bb T`QpB/2/ T bbrQ`/X
Ç @@`mM@b+`BTi@QM+2 b+`BTin}H2 , _mM b+`BTin}H2 b `QQi QM i?2 oJ i?2 }`bi iBK2 Bi Bb #QQi2/- #mi M2p2`
; BMX
Ç @@T +F ;2b T +F ;2nHBbi , AMbi HH i?2 +QKK @b2T ` i2/ T +F ;2b bT2+B}2/ BM T +F ;2nHBbi QM }`bi #QQiX
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i?2 `QQi mb2` Bb TQbbB#H2- #mi MQi /2b+`B#2/ ?2`2XV lMT`BpBH2;2/ +QMi BM2`b `2 KQ`2 HBKBi2/- 7Q` BMbi M+2
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i?2 ?Qbi- b i?2 `QQi lA. BM i?2 +QMi BM2` Bb K TT2/ iQ MQM@`QQi lA. QM i?2 ?QbiX
" bB+ T`BpBH2;2/ mb ;2
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bm/Q H t + + ` 2 i 2 i 2 K T H i 2 /QrMHQ / M K2 mR
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bm/Q H t + + ` 2 i 2 i /QrMHQ / M mR
h?Bb rBHH BMi2` +iBp2Hv bF 7Q` +QMi BM2` `QQi }H2bvbi2K ivT2 iQ /QrMHQ / Ĝ BM T `iB+mH ` i?2 /Bbi`B#miBQM-
`2H2 b2- M/ `+?Bi2+im`2X hQ +`2 i2 i?2 +QMi BM2` MQM@BMi2` +iBp2Hv- vQm + M bT2+B7v i?2b2 p Hm2b QM i?2
+QKK M/ HBM2,
bm/Q H t + + ` 2 i 2 i /QrMHQ / M mR / B b i m#mMim ` 2 H 2 b 2 .Aah_Pa>P_h
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bm/Q H t + + ` 2 i 2 i /QrMHQ / M mR / m#mMim ` .Aah_Pa>P_h*P.1LJ1
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bi `i M/ Ht+biQT iQ biQT i?2 +QMi BM2`X Ht+ ii +? M/ Ht++QMbQH2 HHQr vQm iQ 2Mi2` +QMi BM2`- B7 bb?
Bb MQi M QTiBQMX Ht+/2bi`Qv `2KQp2b i?2 +QMi BM2`- BM+Hm/BM; Bib `QQi7bX a22 i?2 K Mm H T ;2b 7Q` KQ`2
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bm/Q H t + H b 7 M + v
bm/Q H t + b i ` i M K2 mR / 2KQM
bm/Q H t + B M 7 Q M K2 mR
bm/Q H t + b i Q T M K2 mR
bm/Q H t + / 2 b i ` Q v M K2 mR
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h?2 72 im`2 mM/2`TBMMBM; i?Bb Bb + HH2/ mb2` M K2bT +2bX lb2` M K2bT +2b `2 ?B2` `+?B+ H- rBi? T`BpBH2;2/
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?Qbi `mMb BM i?2 BMBiB H mb2` M K2bT +2- r?2`2 i?2 7mHH ` M;2 Q7 B/b Bb K TT2/ QMiQ i?2 7mHH ` M;2X h?Bb + M
#2 b22M #v HQQFBM; i fT`Q+fb2H7fmB/nK T M/ fT`Q+fb2H7f;B/nK T- r?B+? #Qi? rBHH b?Qr y y 9kN9NedkN8
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bm/Q mb2`KQ/ p Ryyyyy kyyyyy r Ryyyyy kyyyyy m b 2 ` R
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i? i i?2 mb2` QMHv K Tb B/b r?B+? `2 mi?Q`Bx2/ #v i?2 ?Qbi +QM};m` iBQMX
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HHQr i?2 mMT`BpBH2;2/ mb2` iQ ?QQF BMiQ i?2 ?Qbi M2irQ`FX h?2 2t KTH2 #2HQr bbmK2b i? i vQm` K TT2/
mb2` M/ ;`QmT B/ ` M;2b `2 RyyyyyĜRe88jeX *?2+F vQm` +im H mb2` M/ ;`QmT B/ ` M;2b M/ KQ/B7v i?2
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2+?Q Ǵ H t + X B/nK T 4 m y Ryyyyy e88jeǴ = f X + Q M 7 B ; f H t + f / 2 7 m H i X + Q M 7
2+?Q Ǵ H t + X B/nK T 4 ; y Ryyyyy e88jeǴ == f X + Q M 7 B ; f H t + f / 2 7 m H i X + Q M 7
2+?Q Ǵ H t + X M2irQ`F X ivT2 4 p2i? Ǵ == f X + Q M 7 B ; f H t + f / 2 7 m H i X + Q M 7
2+?Q Ǵ H t + X M2irQ`F X H B M F 4 H t + # ` y Ǵ == f X + Q M 7 B ; f H t + f / 2 7 m H i X + Q M 7
2+?Q Ǵ0la1_ p2i? H t + # ` y kǴ % bm/Q i 2 2 f 2 i + f H t + f H t + m b 2 ` M 2 i
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i?Bb TQHB+v- r?2M mb2/ rBi? T`BpBH2;2/ +QMi BM2`- Bb Km+? H2bb b 72 i? M i?2 `2;mH ` TQHB+v Q` M mMT`BpBH2;2/
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Ç Ht+ X+QM7 K v QTiBQM HHv bT2+B7v Hi2`M i2 p Hm2b 7Q` b2p2` H Ht+ b2iiBM;b- BM+Hm/BM; i?2 Ht+T i?- i?2
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+QMi BMb i H2 bi M2irQ`F b2+iBQM- M/- 7Q` mMT`BpBH2;2/ mb2`b- M B/ K TTBM; b2+iBQM
Ç Ht+mb2`M2iX+QM7 bT2+B}2b ?Qr mMT`BpBH2;2/ mb2`b K v +QMM2+i i?2B` +QMi BM2`b iQ i?2 ?Qbi@QrM2/
M2irQ`FX
Ht+ X+QM7 M/ /27 mHi X+QM7 `2 #Qi? mM/2` f2i+fHt+ M/ 0>PJ1fX+QM};fHt+- r?BH2 Ht+mb2`M2iX+QM7 Bb QMHv
?Qbi@rB/2X
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bi +FX *QMi BM2`b mbm HHv +QMM2+i iQ i?2 QmibB/2 rQ`H/ #v 2Bi?2` ? pBM; T?vbB+ H LA* Q` p2i? imMM2H
2M/TQBMi T bb2/ BMiQ i?2 +QMi BM2`X Gs* +`2 i2b Lh2/ #`B/;2- Ht+#`y- i ?Qbi bi `imTX *QMi BM2`b +`2 i2/
mbBM; i?2 /27 mHi +QM};m` iBQM rBHH ? p2 QM2 p2i? LA* rBi? i?2 `2KQi2 2M/ THm;;2/ BMiQ i?2 Ht+#`y #`B/;2X
LA* + M QMHv 2tBbi BM QM2 M K2bT +2 i iBK2- bQ T?vbB+ H LA* T bb2/ BMiQ i?2 +QMi BM2` Bb MQi mb #H2
QM i?2 ?QbiX
Ai Bb TQbbB#H2 iQ +`2 i2 +QMi BM2` rBi?Qmi T`Bp i2 M2irQ`F M K2bT +2X AM i?Bb + b2- i?2 +QMi BM2` rBHH
? p2 ++2bb iQ i?2 ?Qbi M2irQ`FBM; HBF2 Mv Qi?2` TTHB+ iBQMX LQi2 i? i i?Bb Bb T `iB+mH `Hv / M;2`Qmb B7
i?2 +QMi BM2` Bb `mMMBM; /Bbi`B#miBQM rBi? mTbi `i- HBF2 l#mMim- bBM+2 T`Q;` Kb r?B+? i HF iQ BMBi- HBF2
b?mi/QrM- rBHH i HF Qp2` i?2 #bi` +i lMBt /QK BM bQ+F2i iQ i?2 ?QbiǶb mTbi `i- M/ b?mi /QrM i?2 ?QbiX
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A7 Bi Bb /2bB` #H2 7Q` i?2 +QMi BM2` iQ #2 Tm#HB+Hv ++2bbB#H2- i?2`2 `2 72r r vb iQ ;Q #Qmi BiX PM2 Bb iQ
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B T i # H 2 b i M i S_1_PlhAL: T i + T B 2 i ? y / T Q ` i 83d D .Lh $
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QM +QM};m` iBQM K v MQi HHQr i?2 +QMi BM2` iQ i HF iQ i?2 ?Qbi Bib2H7X h?2`27Q`2 i?2 Qi?2` irQ QTiBQMb `2
T`272``2/ M/ KQ`2 +QKKQMHv mb2/X
h?2`2 `2 b2p2` H r vb iQ /2i2`KBM2 i?2 BT //`2bb 7Q` +QMi BM2`X 6B`bi- vQm + M mb2 Ht+Hb 7 M+v r?B+?
rBHH T`BMi i?2 BT //`2bb2b 7Q` HH `mMMBM; +QMi BM2`b- Q` Ht+BM7Q B > M *R r?B+? rBHH T`BMi *RǶb BT
//`2bbX A7 /MbK b[ Bb BMbi HH2/ QM i?2 ?Qbi- vQm + M HbQ // M 2Mi`v iQ f2i+f/MbK b[X+QM7 b 7QHHQrb
b 2 ` p 2 ` 4f H t + f R y X y X j X R
7i2` r?B+? /MbK b[ rBHH `2bQHp2 *RXHt+ HQ+ HHv- bQ i? i vQm + M /Q,
T B M ; *R
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6Q` KQ`2 BM7Q`K iBQM- b22 i?2 Ht+ X+QM7U8V K MT ;2 b r2HH b i?2 2t KTH2 M2irQ`F +QM};m` iBQMb mM/2`
fmb`fb? `2f/Q+fHt+f2t KTH2bfX
Gs* bi `imT
Gs* /Q2b MQi ? p2 HQM;@`mMMBM; / 2KQMX >Qr2p2` Bi /Q2b ? p2 i?`22 mTbi `i DQ#bX
Ç f2i+f BMBi fHt+M2iX+QM7, Bb M QTiBQM H DQ# r?B+? QMHv `mMb B7 f2i+f/27 mHifHt+M2i bT2+B}2b
la1nGs*n"_A.:1 Ui`m2 #v /27 mHiVX Ai b2ib mT Lh2/ #`B/;2 7Q` +QMi BM2`b iQ mb2X
Ç f2i+f BMBi fHt+ X+QM7 HQ /b i?2 Ht+ TT `KQ` T`Q}H2b M/ QTiBQM HHv bi `ib Mv miQbi `i +QMi BM2`bX h?2
miQbi `i +QMi BM2`b rBHH #2 B;MQ`2/ B7 Gs*nlhP Ui`m2 #v /27 mHiV Bb b2i iQ i`m2 BM f2i+f/27 mHifHt+X
a22 i?2 Ht+@ miQbi `i K Mm H T ;2 7Q` KQ`2 BM7Q`K iBQM QM miQbi `i2/ +QMi BM2`bX
Ç f2i+f BMBi fHt+BMbi M+2X+QM7 Bb mb2/ #v f2i+f BMBi fHt+ X+QM7 iQ miQbi `i +QMi BM2`X
" +FBM; aiQ`2b
Gs* bmTTQ`ib b2p2` H # +FBM; biQ`2b 7Q` +QMi BM2` `QQi }H2bvbi2KbX h?2 /27 mHi Bb bBKTH2 /B`2+iQ`v # +FBM;
biQ`2- #2+ mb2 Bi `2[mB`2b MQ T`BQ` ?Qbi +mbiQKBx iBQM- bQ HQM; b i?2 mM/2`HvBM; }H2bvbi2K Bb H `;2 2MQm;?X
Ai HbQ `2[mB`2b MQ `QQi T`BpBH2;2 iQ +`2 i2 i?2 # +FBM; biQ`2- bQ i? i Bi Bb b2 KH2bb 7Q` mMT`BpBH2;2/ mb2X
h?2 `QQi7b 7Q` T`BpBH2;2/ /B`2+iQ`v # +F2/ +QMi BM2` Bb HQ+ i2/ U#v /27 mHiV mM/2` fp `fHB#fHt+f*Rf`QQi7b-
r?BH2 i?2 `QQi7b 7Q` M mMT`BpBH2;2/ +QMi BM2` Bb mM/2` fX HQ+ H fb? `2fHt+f*Rf`QQi7bX A7 +mbiQK Ht+T i? Bb
bT2+B}2/ BM Ht+Xbvbi2KX+QK- i?2M i?2 +QMi BM2` `QQi7b rBHH #2 mM/2` 0Ht+T i?f*Rf`QQi7bX
bM Tb?Qi +HQM2 *k Q7 /B`2+iQ`v # +F2/ +QMi BM2` *R #2+QK2b M Qp2`H v7b # +F2/ +QMi BM2`- rBi?
`QQi7b + HH2/ Qp2`H v7b ,fp `fHB#fHt+f*Rf`QQi7b,fp `fHB#fHt+f*kf/2Hi yX Pi?2` # +FBM; biQ`2 ivT2b BM+Hm/2
HQQT- #i`7b- GoJ M/ x7bX
#i`7b # +F2/ +QMi BM2` KQbiHv HQQFb HBF2 /B`2+iQ`v # +F2/ +QMi BM2`- rBi? Bib `QQi }H2bvbi2K BM i?2 b K2
HQ+ iBQMX >Qr2p2`- i?2 `QQi }H2bvbi2K +QKT`Bb2b bm#pQHmK2- bQ i? i bM Tb?Qi +HQM2 Bb +`2 i2/ mbBM;
bm#pQHmK2 bM Tb?QiX
h?2 `QQi }H2bvbi2K 7Q` M GoJ # +F2/ +QMi BM2` + M #2 Mv b2T ` i2 GoX h?2 /27 mHi o: M K2 + M #2
bT2+B}2/ BM Ht+X+QM7X h?2 }H2bvbi2K ivT2 M/ bBx2 `2 +QM};m` #H2 T2`@+QMi BM2` mbBM; Ht+@+`2 i2X
h?2 `QQi7b 7Q` x7b # +F2/ +QMi BM2` Bb b2T ` i2 x7b }H2bvbi2K- KQmMi2/ mM/2` i?2 i` /BiBQM H fp `f
HB#fHt+f*Rf`QQi7b HQ+ iBQMX h?2 x7b`QQi + M #2 bT2+B}2/ i Ht+@+`2 i2- M/ /27 mHi + M #2 bT2+B}2/ BM
Ht+Xbvbi2KX+QM7X
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rQ`F iQ i2KTH i2b- r?B+? `2 ;2M2` HHv T2`@/Bbi`B#miBQMX h?2 Ht+ i2KTH i2b b?BTT2/ rBi? Ht+ + M #2 7QmM/
mM/2` fmb`fb? `2fHt+fi2KTH i2b- M/ BM+Hm/2 i2KTH i2b iQ +`2 i2 l#mMim- .2#B M- 62/Q` - P` +H2- +2MiQb-
M/ ;2MiQQ +QMi BM2`b KQM; Qi?2`bX
*`2 iBM; /Bbi`B#miBQM BK ;2b BM KQbi + b2b `2[mB`2b i?2 #BHBiv iQ +`2 i2 /2pB+2 MQ/2b- Q7i2M `2[mB`2b iQQHb
r?B+? `2 MQi p BH #H2 BM Qi?2` /Bbi`B#miBQMb- M/ mbm HHv Bb [mBi2 iBK2@+QMbmKBM;X h?2`27Q`2 Ht+ +QK2b
rBi? bT2+B H /QrMHQ / i2KTH i2- r?B+? /QrMHQ /b T`2@#mBHi +QMi BM2` BK ;2b 7`QK +2Mi` H Ht+ b2`p2`X h?2
KQbi BKTQ`i Mi mb2 + b2 Bb iQ HHQr bBKTH2 +`2 iBQM Q7 mMT`BpBH2;2/ +QMi BM2`b #v MQM@`QQi mb2`b- r?Q +QmH/
MQi 7Q` BMbi M+2 2 bBHv `mM i?2 /2#QQibi` T +QKK M/X
q?2M `mMMBM; Ht++`2 i2- HH QTiBQMb r?B+? +QK2 7i2` Ĝ `2 T bb2/ iQ i?2 i2KTH i2X AM i?2 7QHHQrBM;
+QKK M/- ĜM K2- Ĝi2KTH i2 M/ Ĝ#/2p `2 T bb2/ iQ Ht++`2 i2- r?BH2 Ĝ`2H2 b2 Bb T bb2/ iQ i?2 i2KTH i2,
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