Licensure Examination

For Teachers
ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Marla C. Papango
Philippine Normal University
 Parts of Speech
1. Nouns
2. Pronouns
3. Verbs
4. Adjectives
5.Adverbs
6.Conjunctions
7.Interjection
MCPapango_PNU
MCPapango_PNU
The review material
covers:
Subject-verb
agreement
Verbs
Nouns
Pronouns

MCPapango_PNU
The review material
covers:
Conditional sentences
Modals and similar
expressions
Indirect report structures
Parallelisms

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
Formula
If the subject is
singular, then, the verb
should also be singular.

If the subject is plural,

then, the verb should
also be plural.
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
HOWEVER…

The plural form of nouns

differ from the plural
form of verbs.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
FORMULA
For singular subjects, use
the –s form of the verb.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
FORMULA
For plural subjects, do not
use the –s form of the
verb.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND

The bus and the jeep ARE /

IS two forms of public
transportation.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND

HOWEVER when the two

singular subjects refer to the
same person or thing, use the
singular verb.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
HOWEVER
Thomas, a lawyer and a father,
IS / ARE always concerned
with the welfare of children.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
HOWEVER a compound
subject denoting closely
related ideas may take a
singular verb.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
HOWEVER
Lavender and black IS / ARE
my favorite combination.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 1 – Rule on AND
HOWEVER

The doctor’s patience and

tolerance WAS/WERE
severely taxed.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – Intervening Phrase
The two main goals of my
life IS / ARE to go to
college and get a good
job.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – with, together with,
as well as
A good education, together
with determination and
hard work, SPELL /SPELLS
success.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – with, together with,
as well as
Determination and hard work,
coupled with a good
education SPELL /SPELLS
success.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – negative explanatory
phrase
Not the teacher, but the
students take / takes care
waste segregation.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – negative explanatory
phrase
Not the students, but the
teacher take / takes care
of waste segregation.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – negative explanatory
phrase
The principal, not the teachers
IS / ARE responsible for
school funds.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 2 – negative explanatory
phrase
The teachers, not the
principal IS / ARE responsible
for student discipline.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 4 - Either…or/Neither…nor
Either the teachers or the
principal IS / ARE invited to
grace the occasion.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 4 - Either…or/Neither…nor
Either Mrs. Santos or the
administrators IS / ARE
invited to grace the occasion.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 5 – Indefinite pronouns
Anybody Neither
Anyone Nobody SINGULAR
Anything No one
Each One
Either Somebody
Everybody Someone
Everyone Something

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 5 – Indefinite pronouns
PLURAL

Both Others
Few several
Many

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 6 – Indefinite pronouns
SINGULAR or PLURAL

All Most
Any None
Enough Some
More

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 6 – Indefinite pronouns
SINGULAR or PLURAL

Some of the work HAS/HAVE

been done.
Some of the bricks
HAS/HAVE been laid.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 7 – Plural in form,
singular in sense
Three yards IS / ARE not
enough for a gown.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 7 – Plural in form,
singular in sense
Fifty thousand pesos IS /
ARE enough to fund the
project.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 7 - Fractions
One-half of the pizza
HAS / HAVE been eaten.

Three-fourths of the athletes

ATTEND / ATTENDS youth
camps.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 7 – Either singular or plural
verb for mathematical
computations

Four and eight IS/ARE

twelve.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 8 – Collective nouns

The police IS/ARE responsible

for peace and order in the
community.

Singular if the
group is taken
as a UNIT MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 8 – Collective nouns

The police HAS/HAVE

received their pay envelopes
for the month.
PLURAL if the
individual members
are thought of separately

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 8 – The number/ A number
The number of students in
my class IS / ARE 50,
but of the 50, a number
IS / ARE gays.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 9 – Plural in form,
singular in sense
Mathematics IS / ARE my
waterloo.
Physics and Statistics IS /
ARE my favorite
subjects.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 9 – Plural in form,
singular in sense
Mathematics/Physics
Civics/Statistics Dynamics
(subject)
Whereabouts
Measles/Mumps
Aeronautics
News
MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 9 – Plural in form, plural
in sense
His pants IS / ARE new.
Tweezers IS / ARE needed
to pluck unnecessary hair.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 9 – Plural in form, plural
in sense
My glasses IS / ARE on the
bed.

A pair of plaid trousers

IS / ARE in the closet.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 10 – Delayed subject
Here COME / COMES the
bride and the groom.

Into the river JUMP / JUMPS

three blind mice.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 10 – Delayed subject
There IS/ARE much
money in circulation.

There IS/ARE people in love

with themselves.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 10 – Delayed subject
Behind the desk HIDE /
HIDES the naughty child.

Beneath the tree IS / ARE a

beautiful bamboo bench.

MCPapango_PNU
Subject-Verb Agreement
RULE 11 – One of those who
Cynthia is on of those
women who FIGHT /
FIGHTS for human rights.
One of the
protesters IS / ARE
Cynthia.

MCPapango_PNU
Nouns
Functions of Nouns
1.Subject
2.Direct object
3.Indirect object
4.Object of the preposition
5.To show possession
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Number Case
PERSON    Subject Object  Possessive

1st Person Singular I Me My, mine

  Plural We Us Our, ours
2nd Person Singular You You Your, yours
  Plural you You Your, yours
3rd Person Singular He/she/it Him/her/it His/her/hers/its
  (one) (one) (one’s)
Plural They Them Their/theirs

MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
All Other Another Enough
Nobody Both Any Everybody
None Several Anyone Everything
Nothing Some Either/ Many
One, two, Most Neither More
etc. Something

MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns

This student

These students

MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns

That picture

MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns

Those
pictures

MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Interrogative
Who
What
Where
When
How
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Myself
Himself Yourself
Themselves Yourselves
Herself
Itself
Theirselves
MCPapango_PNU
Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
Who Cynthia is the woman
That who fixed the laptop
that I bought from
Which Silicon Valley.

MCPapango_PNU
Verbs
1. Action

2. Linking

3. Auxiliary or
Helping

MCPapango_PNU
MCPapango_PNU
Linking Verb

Abby is a doctor.

Joshua is talented.

MCPapango_PNU
Helping Verb

Abby has been to Dagupan.

Joshua can paint.

Lenie will meet us.

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present tense
 present action
 state of being
 general truth
 scientific truth
 schedules

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past tense

• completed action
• completed condition

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Future Tense

Used to connote
an action that is
about to happen
at a future time

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Future Tense
will/shall + base form of the verb
am/is/are + going to + infinitive
am/is/are + -ing form
present form of the verb (only for
schedules)

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used for events occurring
at an indefinite time
Formula: has/have + past
participle form of the
verb

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used for events occurring
at an indefinite time
1.I have not yet fallen in love.
2.I fell in love when I was 12.
3.Have you been to Cebu?
4.She has never been to Cebu.

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
used with frequency
words always, never,
just, yet

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used with expressions
for and since

He has been a carpenter

for three years.

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used with expressions
for and since

He has been a carpenter

since 2003.

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Perfect tense
Used for events occurring
at an indefinite time

They have had breakfast.

She has had breakfast.

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past Perfect tense
Used to describe a past
event or condition
completed before another
event in the past
Formula: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past Perfect tense
Used to describe a past
event or condition
completed before another
event in the past
Examples: HAD + SEEN
HAD + GROWN
HAD + HAD
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past Perfect tense
I had had measles before I had
chicken pox.

We had eaten breakfast

before we went to the
center.
MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Present Progressive
 Used to express
duration of an action
that began in the past,
has continued into the
present, and may
continue into the
future

MCPapango_PNU
Verb Tense
Past Progressive

Past Action that

took place over
a period of time

Past Action interrupted by

another
MCPapango_PNU
Adjectives

This is more better than that.

Mount Everest is highest
mountain on earth.

MCPapango_PNU
Adjectives
ORDER OF AJECTIVES
1. Articles, demonstratives,
possessives, indefinite adjectives
2. NUMERALS
3. Quality or characteristics

4. Size/shape
5. Other nouns
MCPapango_PNU
ORDER OF AJECTIVES
1.Determiners — articles and other
limiters. See Observation —
postdeterminers and limiter
adjectives (e.g., a real hero, a
perfect idiot) and adjectives subject
to subjective measure (e.g.,
beautiful, interesting)
2.Size and Shape — adjectives
subject to objective measure (e.g.,
wealthy, large, round)
MCPapango_PNU
ORDER OF AJECTIVES

3.Age — adjectives denoting age (e.g.,

young, old, new, ancient)
4.Color — adjectives denoting color (e.g.,
red, black, pale)
5.Origin — denominal adjectives denoting
source of noun (e.g., French, American,
Canadian)

MCPapango_PNU
ORDER OF AJECTIVES

6.Material — denominal adjectives

denoting what something is made of
(e.g., woolen, metallic, wooden)
7.Qualifier — final limiter, often
regarded as part of the noun (e.g.,
rocking chair, hunting cabin,
passenger car, book cover)

MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs of Manner

   She moved
slowly and spoke
quietly.

MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Adverbs of Place
  He has lived on the
island all her life.
   He still lives there
now.

MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Adverbs of Frequency
   They take the boat to the mainland
every day.
   They often go together.

MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs

Adverbs of Time
   He tries to get back
before dark.
   It's starting to get dark
now.
   He finished her tea first.
   He left early.

MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Adverbs of Purpose
   She drives her boat slowly to avoid
hitting the rocks.
   She shops in several stores to get
the best buys.

MCPapango_PNU
Adverbs
Most adverbs end with –ly;
however…
She feels bad. (not badly)
 He ran fast. (not fastly)

MCPapango_PNU
Order of Adverbs
Verb swims
Manner enthusiastically
Place in the pool
Frequency every morning
Time before dawn
Purpose to keep in shape

MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of time

Sunday
June 17, 2006
June 17

MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of time

Summer, winter, fall

In June / in 2005
In the morning
In the evening

MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of time

Night
At noon
6:00 p.m.

MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of place

Specific streets
43 Lirio Extension

MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of place
With enclosure
On the corner
of the street
In the corner
of the street
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Prepositions of place
Cities, countries
In the Philippines
In the corner
of the street

MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
For To
Up At
From With
On
Against Above
Between Below
Of Beneath
In Under
underneath
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Idiomatic uses of the preposition
Off (emit)
Up (surrender)
In (yield, concede)
Away (information-
reveal/give)
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Idiomatic uses of the preposition
Up – to find something
Back – remember
Over – check, review
Into - investigate
After- take care
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Idiomatic uses of the preposition
up – to ring, to telephone
in – check, review
off- stop, cancel
on – ask someone to
answer
for – demand, require
MCPapango_PNU
Prepositions
Idiomatic uses of the preposition
Down – hit a pedestrian
with a vehicle
Into - meet
Away – leave home
Out - lack

MCPapango_PNU