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Demographic Features: Work Force Composition

India's workforce participation rate is relatively low at 56% compared to 64% globally, largely due to the female labor force participation rate of only 31%, one of the lowest in the world. The 2011 Census showed a decelerating growth in India's workforce, especially among females, between 2001-2011. However, the work participation rate has not declined. India is currently experiencing a demographic dividend, as the working age population makes up 63.4% of the total population. If harnessed properly, this could make India a front runner in the global economy. The National Population Policy aims to address flaws in healthcare infrastructure and achieve a total fertility rate of 2.1 births per woman by 2010.

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122 views3 pages

Demographic Features: Work Force Composition

India's workforce participation rate is relatively low at 56% compared to 64% globally, largely due to the female labor force participation rate of only 31%, one of the lowest in the world. The 2011 Census showed a decelerating growth in India's workforce, especially among females, between 2001-2011. However, the work participation rate has not declined. India is currently experiencing a demographic dividend, as the working age population makes up 63.4% of the total population. If harnessed properly, this could make India a front runner in the global economy. The National Population Policy aims to address flaws in healthcare infrastructure and achieve a total fertility rate of 2.1 births per woman by 2010.

Uploaded by

Amit Dungdung
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Demographic features : Work force composition

Overall, labour-force to population ratio (in the age group 15 years and above) at 56 per
cent is low in India compared to nearly 64 per cent for the rest of the world. The low
participation in India is largely because the female labour force participation rate (LFPR)
is dismally low at 31 per cent, which is amongst the lowest in the world and the second
lowest in South Asia after Pakistan.

Census of 2011 clearly brings out the fast decelerating rate of growth in overall
workforce, particularly that of females, between 2001 and 2011. But the work
participation rate has not declined, if not increase, as the rate of growth in workforce is
not less than that of population. Also the incremental workforce especially the male is
getting reduced to marginal workers category whereas the high concentration of female
in the category of marginal workers is slightly reduced. Occupational distribution of
workforce shows that cultivators are declining such decline in agriculture is replaced by
increasing agricultural labour. Growth of workforce in non-agriculture is higher than that
of agriculture. Growth of female workers engaged in non-agriculture is higher than their
male counterparts.

In agriculture sector which is the main contributor of employment, nearly 97 per cent of
the employment is informal in nature . But the share of agriculture in total employment
has decreased from 58.50 per cent in 2004-05 to 48.90 per cent in 2011-12 which is
indicative of the structural transformation of the sector. In manufacturing sector the
increase in share of employment was accounted for by the organized sector which
showed an increase in both formal and informal employment.
Demographic dividend with special reference to census of 2011

Demographic dividend occurs when the proportion of working people in the total
population is high because this indicates that more people have the potential to be
productive and contribute to growth of the economy. An increase in the working age
ratio can raise the rate of economic growth, and hence confer a “demographic
dividend.” People of working age are on average more productive than those outside
this age group. Also, because workers save while dependents do not, a bulge in the
working age ratio contributes to higher savings rates, increasing the domestic resources
available for productive investment. In addition, the fertility decline that is the source of
the changed age structure may act directly to induce greater female labor supply and
increase attention to primary education and health.

At present, India is identified as undergoing the demographic transition. With a median


age of 27.6 years and a dependency ratio of just a little above 0.55, a ‘demographic
dividend’ in India is currently underway and if properly harnessed would bring India as a
front runner in the global economy.

India’s working age population (15-64 years) is now in 2011 at 63.4% of the total, as
against just short of 60% in 2001. The numbers also show that the ‘dependency ratio’ —
the ratio of children (0-14) and the elderly (65-100) to those in the working age — has
shrunk further to 0.55.

As fertility falls faster in urban areas, rural India is younger than urban India; while
51.73% of rural Indians are under the age of 24, 45.9% of urban Indians are under 24.
However urban India still has a higher proportion in the key 15-24 age group than rural
India.

National Population Policy

India was the first nation to launched a family planning programme in 1952. Though the
birth rate started decreasing, it was accompanied by a sharp decrease in death rate,
leading to an overall increase in population. The early concept of population policy
covered both mortality and fertility and did not exclusively focus on fertility. There was
also a recognition of the need to improve the quality of life of the people by lowering the
burden of disease or morbidity, promoting universal primary education and eradicating
illiteracy, exploitation and poverty.

In 1976, the first National Population Policy was formulated and tabled in Parliament.

The intent of National Population Policy-NPP-2000 is to eliminate unmet contraceptive


needs by providing high quality reproductive healthcare. In particular, the NPP-2000
aims to address flaws in healthcare infrastructure and to achieve a total fertility rate of
2.1 births per woman by 2010. Main objectives of NPP-2000 are:-

 Converge service delivery at village level


 Empowering women for improved health and nutrition needs for family welfare
services
 Child health and survival
 Meeting the unmet needs of the under-served population groups
 Use of diverse health care providers
 Collaboration with and commitments from the non-government sector
 Mainstreaming Indian systems of medicine and homeopathy
 Contraceptive technology and research on reproductive and child health (RCH)
 Providing for the older population x. Information education and communication

Population Growth Rate in India has reduced substantially which is evident from the
following:-

 The percentage decadal growth rate of the country has declined significantly
from 21.5% for the period 1991-2001 to 17.7% during 2001-2011.
 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was 3.2 at the time when National Population Policy,
2000 was adopted and the same has declined to 2.3 as per Sample registration
Survey (SRS) 2013 conducted by the Registrar General of India.

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