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The Comma Operator: Example

The document discusses the for statement in C++. It explains that the for statement can omit expressions, with at least two semicolons required. An infinite loop results if the controlling expression is omitted. The comma operator can be used to include multiple expressions in the for statement header or loop body, with expressions evaluated from left to right. The comma operator has the lowest precedence and the type and value of an expression using commas is defined by the last subexpression.

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60 views1 page

The Comma Operator: Example

The document discusses the for statement in C++. It explains that the for statement can omit expressions, with at least two semicolons required. An infinite loop results if the controlling expression is omitted. The comma operator can be used to include multiple expressions in the for statement header or loop body, with expressions evaluated from left to right. The comma operator has the lowest precedence and the type and value of an expression using commas is defined by the last subexpression.

Uploaded by

MariaNedelcu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE FOR STATEMENT (CONTINUED) ■ 101

Any of the three expressions in a for statement can be omitted, however, you must type
at least two semicolons. The shortest loop header is therefore:

Example: for(;;)

This statement causes an infinite loop, since the controlling expression is assumed to be
true if expression2 is missing. In the following

Example: for( ; expression; )

the loop header is equivalent to while(expression). The loop body is executed as


long as the test expression is true.

䊐 The Comma Operator


You can use the comma operator to include several expressions where a single expression
is syntactically correct. For example, several variables can be initialized in the loop
header of a for statement. The following syntax applies for the comma operator

Syntax: expression1, expression2 [, expression3 ...]

The expressions separated by commas are evaluated from left to right.

Example: int x, i, limit;


for( i=0, limit=8; i < limit; i += 2)
x = i * i, cout << setw(10) << x;

The comma operator separates the assignments for the variables i and limit and is
then used to calculate and output the value of x in a single statement.
The comma operator has the lowest precedence of all operators — even lower than
the assignment operators. This means you can leave out the parentheses in the above
example.
Like any other C++ expression, an expression containing the comma operator has a
value and belongs to a certain type. The type and value are defined by the last expression
in a statement separated by commas.

Example: x = (a = 3, b = 5, a * b);

In this example the statements in brackets are executed before the value of the product
of a * b is assigned to x.

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