Discussion of Relay Protection Testing Technology

for Intelligent Substation

Kunlin Jiao, Yongkang Zheng, Yi Zhang Yuqin Xu, Kunlin Jiao, Yi Zhang
Department of Relay protection and Automation Collage of Electrical Engineering
Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute North China Electric Power University
Chengdu, China Baoding, China
Hua Jiang, Xiaotao Wang
Aba Power Company
Sichuan Electric Power Company
Aba, China

Abstract- The rapid development of China's power industry more accurately represent the performance of the secondary
closely tracks the development trend of national grid intelligence, system.
in order to ensure intelligent substation, as a basis and an
important part of the smart grid, safe and stable operation, it is
particularly important for the performance of the intelligent
substation relay protection device. This paper briefly describes
the test method of the secondary system of intelligent substation,
from the aspects of integration test and field debugging, the
dynamic physical simulation system and real-time digital
simulation system are briefly introduced, and the
microcomputer-based relay protection tester and its development Fig. 1. Flowchart of debugging for Smart Substation
history are introduced in detail, finally, the possible development
direction of future smart substation relay protection test
technology is prospected. (Abstract) II. INTEGRATED TEST OF RELAY PROTECTION IN SMART
SUBSTATION
Keywords—intelligent substation; relay protection test Integration testing can be divided into two parts: integration
technology; automated test technology (key words) and testing. According to the definition, details can be divided
into three steps: system integration configuration, monomer
I. INTRODUCTION debugging and system testing [3]. "Integration" is the
Because the intelligent substation technology and the integration of scattered intelligent components (IEDs)
corresponding intelligent equipment are still in the stage of produced by different manufacturers to form an organic whole
development and perfection, it is impossible to achieve the which is closely linked and can achieve their own independent
degree of one-step in-place direct on-site debugging, so the and complete functions. And "testing" refers to system
secondary system test of intelligent substation is divided into dynamic simulation testing, which is to find and solve
integrated test and on-site debugging, shown as Fig. 1. problems in the whole secondary system testing process. The
Integration testing is mainly carried out in integration specific debugging process is shown in Fig. 2
laboratory or integration manufacturer. It is not limited by the Manufacturer's
SCD
operating environment conditions, and can provide more information ICD

complete comprehensive testing conditions and better Integrated

configuration
System
configuration
Device
Download

simulation environment. It is not limited by the operating

Station control Intelligent Intelligent
environment, and can provide more complete comprehensive level server equipment equipment
test conditions and better simulation environment. It can
complete almost all the functions and performance tests of Monomer Monomer Electronic transformer
relay protection equipment, and effectively complete the test test test

secondary system configuration of intelligent station, the Monomer

interconnection and intercommunication of equipment from test Station control
level
Process level
function test
different manufacturers [1]. On-site debugging is carried out in function test

the actual operation and maintenance environment of

intelligent substation. It mainly completes the joint test of Network performance testing and
information security evaluation
Synchronous
performance test
primary and secondary systems, such as the correctness check
of total station configuration, the test of inter-lock function, the System
test of system transmission, the experiment of dispatching test
Closed-loop simulation test or
remote signal, telemetry and remote control function, etc. [2]. dynamic mode test

The complete spot test environment can make the test results Fig. 2. Integrated test flow for Smart Substation

Sponsored by the Science and Technology Project Headquarters of State

Grid Sichuan Electric Power Corporation (No.52199717002A)

978-1-5386-5392-0/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE


A. Dynamic physical simulation system substation relay protection system based on RTDS real-time
Dynamic physical simulation system based on similarity digital simulation system. RTDS simulation system completes
principle is one of the effective means to test the secondary the simulation of system operation, by using GTAO card and
system of intelligent substation. It means to reduce the size of GTDI card extended protection device interface, digital-to-
the actual power system and design a model system which is analog conversion and high-speed communications are
consistent with the physical characteristics of the actual power achieved, it receives the feedback action information of the
system [4]. In order to verify the engineering applicability and intelligent terminal and uploads it to the simulation system
overall coordination performance of relay protection system for simultaneously, thus the system-level closed-loop test of
500 kV Lanxi and Haining substations in Zhejiang Province, intelligent substation relay protection device is completed.
the dynamic simulation laboratory of State Grid Simulation GTNET card can directly output the digital information
Center established a system-level dynamic simulation test conforming to IEC 61850 standard, and use GTNET + SV
platform for 500 kV substations in 2010, in the process level, module instead of merging unit to carry out system-level
four switches are used to form GOOSE network and a uniform closed-loop test, which can save the configuration of power
B code is used to synchronize the equipment. In the station amplifier and greatly simplify the test process [9].
control level, SNTP is used to synchronize the equipment.
MMS network is composed of two switches, but the data Reference [10] presented a real-time digital simulation
acquisition mode does not use the merging unit, but uses the testing system based on DDRTS, it can be divided into two
traditional capacitive voltage transformer and electromagnetic testing schemes: wired optical fiber and wireless. Through
current transformer, the protection device is connected to MMS DDRTS software to build the target intelligent substation
network and GOOSE network simultaneously, by receiving electrical primary system model, set up related faults, different
GOOSE message, it can cooperate with intelligent terminal to from the above methods, the method uses host-device + sub-
achieve tripping and closing operation. The test platform device mode to complete data communication, a host device
breaks through the traditional modeling method and achieves can control multiple sub-devices, it is connected to the digital
simultaneous performance evaluation of three-tier equipment emulator, achieving synchronous processing of data, The sub-
[5]. Reference [6] also presented a physical model which is device is connected with the intelligent terminal, receives the
made up by ECT, EPT, merging units, fiber Ethernet and other status signal of the intelligent terminal node and uploads the
necessary devices. Compared with the previous method, the GOOSE message to the host device, complete the intelligent
use of merging unit makes the test result more close to the real substation relay protection system-level closed-loop test.
situation. Effectively, there is no difference between the wired fiber test
scheme and the wireless test scheme, but the wireless
Dynamic physical simulation system can truly reflect the transceiver module is integrated between the host computer
fault characteristics of power system, so relay protection test and the sub-computer in the wireless test scheme. Compared
based on dynamic simulation system is very intuitive and with the wired fiber test scheme, the wireless test scheme has
reliable. However, with the increasing scale and complexity of better flexibility and adaptability, however, the wireless test
the power grid, the dynamic simulation test is often limited by scheme is not as stable as the wired optical fiber test scheme,
the scale of the primary system, resulting in the failure to so it can only be used as a supplement to the wired optical
simulate the actual fault. fiber test scheme.

B. Real time digital simulation system These two methods need a large investment and the test
process is relatively complex, tester are required with higher
Compared with the dynamic physical simulation system, technical level, so it is not suitable for engineering site testing
the real-time digital simulation system is based on a more [11].
advanced computer system. Through the construction of
power system mathematical model, the real-time
electromagnetic transient simulation of power system is III. SITE COMMISSIONING OF RELAY PROTECTION IN SMART
accomplished, and the dynamic characteristics of power SUBSTATION
system are simulated more accurately. The simulation results The key point of field debugging is to test the performance
are output to relay protection device through digital-to-analog of the primary and secondary equipment in the running
converter and power amplifier[7]. environment, that is, the overall performance test of the
Typical real-time digital simulation systems include system. Because the system is directly connected with the
RTDS real-time digital simulation system developed by primary equipment on the spot to form a complete running test
Bartoni DC Research Center of Canada and DDRTS digital loop, the results of field debugging can reflect the
dynamic real-time simulation system developed by Shenzhen performance of the relay protection equipment and the overall
Yintu Company. The simulation capability of RTDS is system more practically.
stronger than that of DDRTS on the whole, and the operation
mode of power system is more abundant than that of DDRTS. A. History of microcomputer-based protective relay test devi
However, limited by the number of RACKs, the simulation ce
scale of RTDS is usually limited in the actual process of With the vigorous development of computer technology,
simulation, considering economic factors, so that DDRTS is the emergence of microcomputer-based relay protection tester
also more extensive application in China. Reference [8] greatly promotes the progress of relay protection testing
presented a method of digital simulation test of intelligent technology, improves the performance of relay protection


devices, thereby enhancing the security and stability of power device transmits switching information and tripping
grid. The development of microcomputer relay protection instructions through GOOSE network, Reference [19]
tester has gone through four stages [12]-[13]. proposed a novel tester of digital protective relay, it can
receive GOOSE message from intelligent terminal and
• The first-generation relay protection tester adopts transmit the switch status to the protection device, the digital
SCM as intelligent controller. As the first generation relay protection tester completes the whole test of the relay
of intelligent tester, its operation speed is slow, it can protection device through GOOSE feedback contacts, and the
only produce 30-60 points per week sine function, and position information of switch in GOOSE message is selected
cannot superimpose high-order harmonics and DC as feedback value in the intelligent terminal .
components, frequency cannot be changed
continuously. However, according to the on-site debugging feedback,
especially the debugging of the protection unit, it often
• The second-generation relay protection tester uses PC consumes a lot of manpower and time to use the existing relay
as intelligent controller. PC has powerful computing protection tester to debug the protection unit. Because the
function. The data can be calculated by computer in debugger needs to make a series of modifications and settings
real time and output directly. It can produce sinusoidal on the relay protection tester, such as the faults, the time of
function of 100-200 points per week. Compared with faults and so on, meanwhile, the existing relay protection
the original computer, PC can superimpose higher tester cannot check the communication consistency of the
harmonic and aperiodic components, and the protection device.
frequency can change continuously.
Although the digital relay protection tester basically
• The third-generation relay protection tester takes the meets the test requirements of intelligent substation protection
Windows operating system as the platform. By using device, it still needs more manual participation in the test
PC and host computer to communicate with each process, and has the problem of low automation level.
other, Windows resources can be conveniently used, Generally speaking, the existing testers mainly have the
and more complex tests can be completed by following shortcomings: (1) The relay protection tester cannot
expanding voltage and current plug-ins, and call and modify the soft strap, control words and values of all
continuous frequency changes can be realized. the protective devices in the whole station. (2) The fault
• The fourth-generation relay protection tester adopts settings of relay protection tester cannot be intellectualized,
high-performance DSP core controller and embedded that is, the settings of each fault type need to be calculated by
industrial control computer. Making full use of the debuggers and manually input to the tester. (3) The relay
achievements of the development of computer protection tester cannot check the communication consistency
network technology and forming good technical of the relay protection device and the consistency of the
support, the database technology is adopted to manage configuration information of the tester itself after importing
the information and data of site protection devices, it the SCD file of the whole station.
integrates many functions, such as multi-channel
voltage and current oscilloscope, high-performance C. Automatic test technology for relay protection
three-phase voltage and current generator, multi- In order to solve the problems caused by the shortage of
channel voltage, current, switching wave recorder, test digital relay protection tester, such as long debugging period
report auto-generating function, etc. It constitutes a of intelligent substation protection device, uneven debugging
complete field debugging system. quality of protection device and inconsistency check [20]. In
recent years, the relay protection technology has made great
B. Digital relay protection tester progress, and the closely related test technology has been
In recent years, the intelligent substation technology has specially studied, especially the automatic test technology of
made great progress. The application of IEC 61850 relay protection [21]-[23]. Automated testing refers to a way
Communication Protocol [14] makes the substation relay of automatically and successively testing the various
protection device change greatly compared with the past [15]. characteristics of the protection device and the protection
The traditional relay protection tester cannot meet the test setting according to the test scripts prepared beforehand, the
requirements, so the digital relay protection tester came into process of automated test is shown as Fig. 3. It is a very
being. At present, the digital relay protection tester is mainly efficient and simple method to introduce test scripts into the
used in the field debugging stage of intelligent substation after test process for automatic testing [24].
the integrated test stage. The digital relay protection tester is
designed to select different test modules manually on the
premise that the soft strap, control words and values are set
correctly on the protection device, then, according to different
fault types, different fault quantities and time, as well as other
quantities (such as normal state time, voltage and current
phase) are calculated and input. When these inputs can
correctly reflect different fault states, the corresponding
behavior of the protection device can be accurately operated
[16]-[18], because current intelligent substation protection


 software which greatly improves the security and reliability of
the software, the new control module of the software achieves
the control of the tester, meanwhile the software used address
resolution module rather than test signal encoder to solve the
problem of information processing for multiple protection
devices, it makes only PC and tester are used in the hardware
part. The test flow is the same as the typical automatic test
process.
Although these automated test systems meet the
principles of versatility and ease of use, they also significantly
improve the automation and test coverage of the test process,
however, it does not take into account the abnormal situations
that may occur during the testing process. If there are errors in
the testing process, the problem information cannot be
feedback in time, and the testing efficiency will be affected if
the problem is still checked by the personnel, to solve this
problem, a relay protection automation test scheme based on
analysis and diagnosis of feedback information in the test
process is proposed in [29], the automatic test scheme can
complete the comprehensive test of the protection device, and
can also read the real-time information of the device self-test
and alarm from the MMS message to assist the tester to find
and solve the problem, although this scheme just considered
the abnormal condition caused by wrong connection of virtual
terminals, invalid soft pressing plate and interruption of
optical fiber, the testing efficiency of relay protection device is
improved to some extent.
Fig. 3. Typical automated test process
Through integrating protection test function and station
Due to the advantages of repeatability, wide test coverage control level function, combining with protection test model
and automatic generation of test reports, some relay protection and station control level model, the first generation of
tester manufacturers have developed some automatic test intelligent substation automation relay protection tester was
software in the past few years, which to some extent improves successfully developed by Sichuan Academy of Electrical
the automatic test level of relay protection devices, however, Sciences [30]. The intelligent substation automatic relay
there are still some shortcomings in those automated test protection tester consists of two parts: the bottom tester and
software, such as weak universality of the test system, low the PC software test platform, in the hardware part, DSP and
diversification of test coverage, difficult reuse of test cases, FPGA are used to achieve the message data and the output of
etc. [25]-[26]. In order to solve these problems, after analyzing voltage and current, in the software part, the modular design
the basic requirements of automatic test of relay protection scheme is used, which is divided into physical layer,
device, reference [27] proposed an intelligent automatic test application layer and interface layer according to the data
system for relay protection which is constructed by using transmission. Based on the " Six Reunification" standard of
modular design method and distributed architecture, the whole relay protection, the relay protection tester greatly simplifies
system consists of two parts: intelligent test management the work of establishing the station control level model of the
system and automatic test execution system. Intelligent test tester, the protection devices of different manufacturers apply
management system stores test cases, and has the right to the same template files of the station control level model,
update, delete and change the test requirements, testers make users only need to build test environment and set test
test plans on the system template by typing test requirements. parameters, the automatic test function module will
Automatic test execution system automatically generates and automatically complete the test items selected by users,
executes test tasks and feedback test reports by selecting including consistency checking, etc. During the test period,
instantiated test cases that meet the actual test requirements, users do not need to read and modify the definite value on the
the system implements automated testing through PLC control protection device, the soft strap joining in and dropping out
scripts and test case scripts, the test case script is written in an the service, return and so on, which achieved the fully
interpreted class of BASIC scripting language, reference [21] automatic test of the protective device.
adopted Python language to write test case scripts. The
intelligent automatic test system can also achieve multi-device
IV. DEVELOPMENT TREND OF RELAY PROTECTION TESTING
testing by using test signal encoder to select different
protection device. TECHNOLOGY IN SMART SUBSTATION

Reference [28] also proposed an automatic test system. A. Artificial intelligence technology
On the basis of using test cases for testing, the system used QT As the latest research achievement of relay protection
and VS development platform to design and implement the automatic test technology, the above-mentioned intelligent


substation automatic relay protection tester is different from the operation efficiency and reliability of power grid can be
the general digital relay protection tester's template files, improved, therefore, proposing a kind of industrial closed-loop
which adds the content of station control level application, a parallel detection technology and replaceable maintenance
general template file is used to automatically configure the equipment detection technology for localized protection
template file by parsing the SCD file, meanwhile the test device, realizing the detection of multi-device, multi-technical
module associated with the protection test project is selected. indicators and technical performance simultaneously is of
The test task of the device is automatically generated by the great significance, however, there are still gaps in the research
test system. The test case script in the test module is written in of localization protection testing technology [43].
Python language.
Although its application can greatly improve the V. CONCLUSION
debugging efficiency and quality of relay protection devices in The development of relay protection testing technology
smart substations, it still has many shortcomings as a primary guarantees the progress of relay protection technology. With
generator, For example, abnormal conditions sometimes occur the advancement of intelligent power grid, its future
in the process of testing, and solving a problem in the process development tends to be intelligent, networked and automatic
of testing often takes several hours, reducing the efficiency of integration. This paper introduces the relay protection testing
the protection device debugging. The introduction of AI technology of intelligent substation from two aspects of
technology in automated testing technology can solve this integrated testing and field debugging, and expounds the
problem well, When anomalies are found in the test process, possible development direction of relay protection testing
the abnormal situation can be tracked back by capturing a technology in the future: artificial intelligence technology will
large number of kinds of information in SCD files and using a be more conducive to improving the debugging efficiency and
diagnostic method based on reasoning chain [31]-[32] or quality of the whole debugging process, the development of
multi-source data fusion [33]-[35] so that the problems in the localized protection testing technology provides a guarantee for
test process can be solved quickly and effectively, and the test the future development of localized protection.
efficiency of relay protection devices can be further improved.
However, the introduction of artificial intelligence into the
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
automatic test technology of relay protection is still in the
theoretical exploration stage. It is necessary to draw on the I would like to express my gratitude to all those who have
application experience of artificial intelligence technology in helped me during the writing of this paper. I gratefully
other aspects of power system [36]-[40]. acknowledge the help of my supervisor Professor Zheng
Yongkang and Xu Yuqing. I do appreciate their patience,
B. Localization protection test technology encouragement, and professional instructions during this paper
writing. This work was sponsored by the Science and
In the process of building smart grid, it is not only faced Technology Project Headquarters of State Grid Sichuan
with the change from conventional substation to smart Electric Power Corporation (No.52199717002A).
substation, but also with the change from centralized
arrangement to distributed arrangement and localized
installation of relay protection devices [41]. At present, the REFERENCES
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