Pathway to

success
A Career Guide To An Ayurvedic Graduate

I
foreword

Dear Doctor,
As you stand at the threshold of your future, having successfully completed your academic course,
it is only natural to be gripped by a sense of excitement and apprehension. To have passed the
rigors of academic training is a remarkable achievement and you must take immense pride in it.
As healthcare professionals, your work will make a huge difference to the lives of many people.

While this is exciting, it carries with it great responsibility. There is a sense of apprehension over
what lies ahead. What are the career choices available to you? How do you make the best possible
use of the knowledge gained through your academic years? As graduates of Ayurveda, can you
make a meaningful contribution to the field of modern medicine?

World over, Ayurveda is increasingly gaining popularity. The interest in this “Science of Life” has
surged researchers and pharmaceutical companies in the West to study indigenous herbs like Neem
and Turmeric and determine their potential in the treatment and prevention of various conditions.
In the United States and United Kingdom, traditional medicine has been integrated into national
healthcare systems, thereby expanding the scope of this discipline.

There are several challenging career opportunities in Ayurveda. This booklet takes you through the
various career options available to Ayurvedic graduates. It provides you with a step by step guide
on how to set up your own successful practice and help people live healthier, happier lives.

It also highlights the potential of pursuing research with pharmaceutical companies working in
the area of contemporizing Ayurveda. Companies like Himalaya are pushing the boundaries of
research in Ayurvedic medicine, in order to develop products that can complement allopathic
medicine. For instance, Liv.52 prescribed by doctors across the world, is the result of years of
research. Research invites bright minds. People with a passion to make a difference in the field of
medicine, will find research a fulfilling career option.

This booklet also highlights other fields that offer exciting and lucrative opportunities to
practitioners of traditional medicine.

Today, traditional medicine, which includes Ayurveda, is seen as complementing allopathic

medicine. It is no longer viewed as a “last resort” in the treatment cycle. Well-researched, safe and
efficacious herbal drugs are increasingly being integrated into modern healthcare. This means, the
possibilities for the future of Ayurveda are endless. Fortunately, you are part of this movement and
have the potential to make a difference in the lives of many.

Wishing you the very best!

President & CEO–Pharmaceuticals

The Himalaya Drug Company
III
 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda – Then and Now.............................................................................................................. 2

AYURVEDIC MEDICAL PRACTICE

Financial Aspects of Clinical Practice............................................................................................ 5

Specialty Practice in Ayurvedic Gynecology................................................................................. 9

Specialty Practice in Panchakarma............................................................................................... 11

Specialty Practice in Kshara Sutra................................................................................................. 13

Specialty Practice in Manasa Roga................................................................................................ 15

Utility of Laboratory Investigations in Clinical Practice............................................................ 16

BEYOND PRACTICE
Career Options for Ayurveda Professionals................................................................................. 25

Career in Research.......................................................................................................................... 28

Career in Medicinal Plant Science................................................................................................ 31

Career in Regulatory Affairs.......................................................................................................... 33

Career in Medical Writing............................................................................................................. 36

Career in Pharmaceutical Marketing............................................................................................ 38

Annexure: Personality Development............................................................................................ 40

GET STARTED
How to Choose Your First Job....................................................................................................... 43

How to Write a Resume.................................................................................................................. 44

How to Write a Job Application..................................................................................................... 45

How to Dress Up for Job Interviews............................................................................................. 47

How to Tackle Job Interviews........................................................................................................ 48

FURTHER READING
How to Prepare for PG Entrance Examinations......................................................................... 51

How to Write a Scientific Paper..................................................................................................... 55

IV
Introduction

1
AYURVEDA-
THEN AND NOW

Dr Kishore Kumar R, MD (Ay.) PhD

Research Officer, National Ayurveda Dietetics Research Institute (NADRI, a unit of Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha [CCRAS]), Bangalore.
Email: [email protected], [email protected] | Phone: +91 80 26562080, +91 9845829174

History of Modern Ayurveda later renamed as Department of Ayurveda,

After the decline of Ayurveda practice Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and
during the Mughal and British rules, there Homoeopathy (AYUSH) in November
was a resurrection of Ayurvedic system of 2003. Efforts to develop research gained
medicine under the rule of Peshwas during momentum in the postindependence era
1800s. Several events marked the origin of and as per the recommendations of various
organized education of Ayurvedic system in committees grant-in-aid projects were
India. These events were recommendation sanctioned to selected colleges.
by the Indian National Congress
Ayurveda at International Level
Convention at Nagpur to accept Ayurvedic
system of medicine as India’s national An increasing trend in the professional
health-care system in 1920, inauguration practice of Ayurveda and alternative
of Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College in medicine has been documented in the
Delhi by Mahatma Gandhi in 1921, and United States since late 20th century.
establishment of Ayurveda College under There is a great potential for integration
Banaras Hindu University at Varanasi by of Ayurvedic therapies into the health-
Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya in 1927. care system in the United States. National
Institutes of Health (NIH) established the
In an effort to integrate Ayurvedic National Center for Complimentary and
and mainstream medicines, important Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) to explore
committees were constituted by the complementary and alternative healing
Government of India. In 1946, Chopra practices in the context of rigorous science,
Committee recommended the evolution of train researchers in complementary and
a common system from old and modern alternative medicine (CAM) including
systems of medicines, and in 1958 Udupa Yoga and Ayurveda, and disseminate
Committee recommended that there was authoritative information to the public and
a need for integrated system of medicine professionals. According to NCCAM, 75 out
and a training course in Siddha and of 117 US medical schools offered elective
Ayurveda. These developments led to the courses in CAM in 1998.
establishment of the Department of Indian
Systems of Medicines and Homoeopathy Reports suggest that 80% of the population
(ISM & H) under the Ministry of Health & in the developing countries rely on
Family Welfare in March 1995, which was traditional medicine and 75% of the plant-

2
2
 AYURVEDA-
THEN AND NOW

derived drugs, worldwide, were discovered Reasons for this dependence are
based on the lead compounds from local • Lack of easy access to drugs of modern
medicine. According to the World Health systems of medicine
Organization (WHO), around 25% of modern • Prohibitive cost of the majority of
medicines are derived from plants that modern drugs
were originally used in traditional medicine • Toxicity and side effects associated with
systems. Several other drugs are synthetic modern drugs
analogs built on prototype compounds WHO encourages and promotes the use of
isolated from plants. In India, 70% of modern alternative medicine. The global demand
medicines are based on natural products. It for herbal products is growing at an annual
is estimated that around 80% of the world rate of 7%. India, with its rich biodiversity,
population depends on traditional systems of possesses highest rank in the availability of
medicine for their primary health-care needs. medicinally important flora.

3
3
 Ayurvedic
Medical
PRACTICE

4
Financial Aspects of
Clinical Practice

DB Sajjanar, CA
DB Sajjanar & Co., Rajajinagar, Bangalore – 560 010.
Email: [email protected], [email protected] | Phone: +91 9448016596

This article covers the legal and financial ≤ Rs 150,000 in any of the three years
prerequisites for setting up a new Ayurvedic immediately preceding the previous year
clinic. To open a new Ayurvedic Clinic, should maintain books such as cash book,
a doctor requires to be register under the ledger book, bill book, receipt book, and
following: payment vouchers that would help the
• Register under Shops and assessing officer to calculate the income tax.
Establishments Act.
Category B
• Register under Income Tax by
applying PAN. Individuals carrying on a “specified
profession” with a gross receipt in the
Ayurveda, Homeopathy, and Unani
profession >Rs 150,000 in all the three years
professionals are exempted from
professional tax. immediately preceding the previous year
should maintain books such as cash book,
In order to set up a new Ayurveda clinic, one journal, ledger, carbon copies of bills (serially
should have sufficient capital for: numbered) exceeding Rs 25 issued by the
• Advance/security deposit individual, original bills wherever issued to
• Purchasing of furniture and fixtures and the individual, receipt with respect to the
medical instruments expenditure incurred by the individual, and
• Meeting other expenses payment vouchers prepared and signed by the
individual in cases where bills and receipts
Several nationalized banks offer special
schemes (such as project loan or term loan) were not issued and the expenditure incurred
for professionals in medical practice at lower does not exceed Rs 50.
interest rates.
In addition to the above, a medical
Books to be maintained under section practitioner should also maintain the
44AA of Income Tax Act, 1956 following books under section 44AA.
Medical profession is a specified profession
under section 44AA and rule 6F. Medical • A daily case register as per Form No.
professionals have been classified under 3C, with date, patient’s name, nature
categories A and B on the basis of their of service rendered, fees received, and
annual  income. date of receipt. The form is available
Category A at: http://www.incometaxindiapr.
Individuals carrying on a “specified profession” gov.in/incometaxindiacr/contents/
with a gross receipt in the profession Forms/3C. pdf.

5
5
Financial Aspects of
Clinical Practice

• An inventory under broad heads, as on 2010-2011 such person/doctor/clinic should

the first and last days of the previous year, get their account books audited by a chartered
of the stock of drugs, medicines, and accountant and submit the IT return along
other consumable accessories used. with the audit report.
As per section 44AB, if gross receipts of a clinic
Auditing of books of accounts by the ≥Rs1,500,000 (in case of medicine sales, Rs
chartered accountant 6,000,000) for the AY 2011-2012 such person/
As per section 44AB, if gross receipts of a doctor/clinic should get their account books
clinic ≥Rs1,000,000 (in case of medicine sales, audited by a chartered accountant and submit
Rs 4,000,000) for the assessment year (AY) the IT return along with the audit report.

Income tax rates for the AY 2010-2011

For resident woman (aged <65 years during the previous year)

Net income range Education Secondary and

Income tax rates
(in rupees) cess higher education cess
Up to 190,000 Nil Nil Nil
10% of 2% 1%
190,000–300,000
(total income minus Rs 190,000) of income tax of income tax

Rs 11,000 + 20% of 2% 1%
300,000–500,000
(total income minus Rs 300,000) of income tax of income tax
Rs 51,000 + 30% of 2% 1%
>500,000
(total income minus Rs 500,000) of income tax of income tax

For senior citizen (aged >65 years during the previous year)

Net income range Education Secondary and

Income tax rates
(in rupees) cess higher education cess
Up to 240,000 Nil Nil Nil
10% of 2% 1%
240,000–300,000
(total income minus Rs 240,000) of income tax of income tax

Rs 6000 + 20% of 2% 1%
300,000–500,000
(total income minus Rs 300,000) of income tax of income tax
Rs 46,000 + 30% of 2% 1%
>500,000
(total income minus Rs 500,000) of income tax of income tax

6
6
 Financial Aspects of
Clinical Practice

For any other individual, Hindu Undivided Family (HUF)/Body of Individuals (BOI)/artificial
judicial person

Net income range Education Secondary and

Income tax rates
(in rupees) cess higher education cess
160,000 Nil Nil Nil
10% of 2% 1%
160,000–300,000
(total income minus Rs 150,000) of income tax of income tax

Rs 14,000 + 20% of 2% 1%
300,000–500,000
(total income minus Rs 300,000) of income tax of income tax
Rs 54,000 + 30% of 2% 1%
>500,000
(total income minus Rs 500,000) of income tax of income tax

Income tax rates for the AY 2011-2012

For resident woman (aged <65 years during the previous year)

Net income range Education Secondary and

Income tax rates
(in rupees) cess higher education cess
190,000 Nil Nil Nil
10% of 2% 1%
190,000–500,000
(total income minus Rs 190,000) of income tax of income tax

Rs 31,000 + 20% of 2% 1%
500,000–800,000
(total income minus Rs 500,000) of income tax of income tax
Rs 91,000 + 30% of 2% 1%
>800,000
(total income minus Rs 800,000) of income tax of income tax

For senior citizen (aged ≥65 years during the previous year)

Net income range Education Secondary and

Income tax rates
(in rupees) cess higher education cess
240,000 Nil Nil Nil
10% of 2% 1%
240,000–500,000
(total income minus Rs 240,000) of income tax of income tax

26,000 + 20% of 2% 1%
500,000–800,000
(total income minus Rs 500,000 of income tax of income tax
Rs 86,000 + 30% of 2% 1%
>800,000
(total income minus Rs 800,000) of income tax of income tax

7
7
Financial Aspects of
Clinical Practice

For any individual, every HUF/BOI/artificial judicial person

Net income range Education Secondary and

Income tax rates
(in rupees) cess higher education cess
160,000 Nil Nil Nil
10% of 2% 1%
160,000–500,000
(total income minus Rs 160,000) of income tax of income tax

34,000 + 20% of 2% 1%
500,000–800,000
(total income minus Rs 500,000) of income tax of income tax
Rs 94,000 + 30% of 2% 1%
>800,000
(total income minus Rs 800,000) of income tax of income tax

Union Health
Union Bank of India offers Union Health loans for setting up a clinic, purchasing medical equipment,
and acquiring premises. Details of the loans are given below.

Eligibility: Any qualified medical practitioner/ Interest rate is fixed and will not undergo any
dentist in the age group of 25 to 60 years with change till the loan amount is repaid in full.
minimum 3 years of experience.
Firms/companies engaged in medical profession Processing charge (excluding service tax) is
in which doctors/dentists are partners or 0.5% of the loan amount.
directors or proprietors.
Security: Hypothecation of equipment/items
Purpose: To acquire premises for setting up that are not purchased from bank finance.
clinic and to furnish it. Collateral security equivalent to 50% of the loan
To purchase machinery, medical supplies, and amount.
other items required for starting a clinic. EM of premises in case the loan is taken for
To purchase brand new electro-medical acquiring premises.
and other sophisticated equipment such as
operation theater equipment, air conditioners, Other details: Third-party guarantee is not
generators, refrigerators, personal computers mandatory to apply for loan.
and their accessories, and UPS systems.
No prepayment penalty is charged if the loan is
Quantum: An amount equivalent to 75% of the adjusted by the borrower from his own verifiable
equipment cost and other assets to be financed. legitimate sources or genuine sale. However,
2% will be charged on an average outstanding
Margin: Minimum 25% of the cost of equipment balance of last 12 months if the loan is closed on
and other assets to be financed. takeover by other banks/financial institutions.

Repayment period: Maximum 7 years, through

equated monthly installments (EMIs), including *Rate of interest prevailing on the date of
an initial moratorium period of 3/6 months. sanction shall be applicable.

Rate of interest* (w.e.f: 1/07/2009) Courtesy: Dinesh Kadakkal,

A fixed interest rate of 12.5% is charged against Union Bank of India,
all loans. Regional Office, Bangalore – 560 001

8
8
specialty practice in
Ayurvedic Gynecology

Vd. Deepali N Bhise, MD (Ay.),

Bhise Ayurvedic Clinic, P.C.M.C. Swimming Pool complex, Sector-26, Nigdi Pradhikaran, Pune, Maharashtra - 411044 | Phone: +91 9226491020

Ayurveda, the time-tested science of life, has Location

proved its significance and utility in treating The location should be preferably quiet,
various diseases. More and more physicians uncongested, and nonsecluded and should be
are venturing into exclusive Ayurvedic easily accessible. For a beginner, it is always
practice due to the increasing awareness about preferable to start practice in an area where
the efficacy of Ayurveda in treating several an awareness about Ayurveda is prevalent
chronic disorders. Nowadays, Ayurvedic among women.
doctors venture into more specialized
Basic Infrastructure
practices such as Ayurvedic gynecology
Basically, the clinic should comprise:
practice (Stree Roga)—a specialty that is
beneficial in rendering better health services • Separate rooms for consultation,
to the womankind. examination, Panchakarma, and procedure
• A water closet and a bathroom
Garbha-Garbhini Paricharya (Ayurvedic
antenatal checkup and care) is one aspect • One medicine storage and
dispensing cabin
of Ayurvedic gynecology practice that can
yield positive results, if done meticulously, • One reception counter with seating
in improving the health of mother and child arrangement for patients
during pregnancy and can ensure a normal The clinic should have adequate supply of
delivery devoid of any complications. This water. The examination and Panchakarma
article provides a few guidelines to set up an rooms should be well ventilated and should
effective, authentic, and exclusive Ayurvedic provide privacy for women.
gynecology clinic. Assisting Staff
The basic prerequisites for setting up an Minimum staff required:
Ayurvedic gynecology clinic include: • A receptionist (preferably female) with
• Location good communication skills
• Basic infrastructure • A trained female Panchakarma therapist
• Assisting staff • A housekeeping staff
• Furniture
Furniture
• Equipment and instruments The basic furniture requirements for setting
• Medicines up an Ayurvedic gynecology clinic are
one office table with a chair, two chairs for
patients, one examination table, heating

9
9
specialty practice in
Ayurvedic Gynecology

apparatus (electrical or gas stove), one steam Pippalimula, Vidanga, Guduchi, Sahachara,
box, and one massage table (Droni). Rasna, and Erandamoola
However, to occupy less space one single
Mixed churnas: Pushyanuga, Bhaskara lavana,
apparatus can be modified into a Swedana box +
Ajmodadi, and Rasnadi
Procedure table + Droni. This table would serve
the purpose for both Panchakarma (such as Coarse churnas: Dashamoola, Bala,
Basti, Uttara basti, Nasya, and Shirodhara) and Yashtimadhu, Shatapushpa, Shatavari,
specific gynecological procedures (such as Yoni Palaasha pushpa, Sahachara, and
dhavana and Yoni pichu). Detachable rods and Erandamoola
straps can be used to facilitate lithotomy position Bhasmas: Shilajatu, Tankana, Gairika, Vanga,
for certain procedures, whenever required. Trivanga, Kajjali, Abhraka, and Pravala
Equipment and Instruments Vatis: Chandraprabha vati, Sukumara kashaya
An Ayurvedic gynecology clinic requires vati, Bilvadi gulika, Chitrakadi vati, and
some specific equipment and instruments Dhatri loha
in addition to those used for Panchakarma Rasa kalpas: Kamdudha rasa,
treatment procedures. Garbhapala rasa, Madhumalini vasanta,
These equipment and instruments Pratapalankeshwara rasa, and Laxminarayana
include a weighing machine, stethoscope, Guggulu kalpas: Triphala guggulu, Rasnadi
sphygmomanometer, torch, focus lamp, surgical guggulu, Medohara guggulu, and Yogaraja
gloves, sterile cotton and gauze, antiseptic guggulu
solution, sterilization drums with autoclave
machine (pressure cooker can also serve Asava arishtas: Ashokarishta,
the purpose), linen, sponge holding forceps, Dashamoolarishta, Lodhrasava, Pippalyasava,
vulsellum, Cusco’s speculum, catheters (Simple and Panchakolasava
Rubber Nos. 8, 9, 10, and 11), disposable Tailas: Sahacharadi, Bala, Dhanwantara, and
syringes with needles (2 and 5 mL capacity), Narayana
50 cc plastic syringes, Rubin test cannula, baby
Ghritas: Phalaghrita, Kalyanaka ghrita,
feeding tubes, douche can, essential vessels and
Dadimadi ghrita, and Shatavaryadi ghrita
containers, and stationery.
Other useful medicines: Shatavari kalpa,
Medicines Septilin tablet, and Evecare capsule
Below-mentioned medicines should always be
The above-mentioned basic prerequisites are
available at the clinic.
sufficient to set up an Ayurvedic gynecology
Single drug churnas: Shatavari, Bala, clinic. Later, this basic set up can be expanded
Ashwagandha, Gokshura, Ashoka, to a full-fledged Ayurvedic gynecology hospital,
Sariva, Manjishtha, Yashtimadhu, Musta, catering to the health needs of women.

10
10
SPECIALTY PRACTICE IN
PANCHAKARMA

Dr Rekha Bajpai*, Dr AK Dixit*

*Lecturer, PG Dept of Kaya Chikitsa, State Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Lucknow.
(This article also contains inputs from Dr Gururaj H, MD (Ay.) Asst Prof, Dept of Panchakarama, kvgamc & H, Sullia
E mail: [email protected] | Ph – +91 9845732866, +91 9656757574)

Due to the increasing interest in Ayurveda • A staff room

there has been a phenomenal increase in the • An office
demand for specialized therapies of Ayurveda, All the rooms should be well lit and
particularly Panchakarma, not only for adequately ventilated and furnished. The
treatment of diseases but also for preventive entire premises of the Panchakarma center
and promotive health care. As a result many should be clean and hygienically maintained.
health centers and tourist resorts providing
Panchakarma therapy have come up in the Staff
country. • 2 Ayurvedic doctors

References regarding the establishment of a • 4 paramedical staff/therapists (2 male

Panchakarma theater are available in Ayurvedic and 2 female)
treatises, which give information on the • 1 pharmacist
location of and infrastructure required for • 1 multipurpose worker
Panchakarma theater, materials and drugs used
Panchakarma equipment
in Panchakarma procedures, skill sets required
• Abhyanga table (with Dhara pit) or
for a physician/assisting staff to perform
Panchakarma droni – 2 nos.
Panchakarma procedures, and different types of
• Dhara vessel with stand – 2 nos.
Panchakarma and Upakarma procedures.
• Bashpa sveda yantra – 2 nos.
Basic Necessities • Nadi sveda yantra – 2 nos.

Infrastructure • Matra basti syringe with disposable nozzle

- QS
The Center should have
• Niruha basti yantra/enema can - QS
• A consultation room
• Karnika (dropper) – 2 nos.
• Two therapy rooms with attached toilet
• Shirobasti cap – 2 nos.
and bathroom. The bathroom should
have shower facility and supply of both • Agnikarma shalaka – 2 nos.
hot and cold water Other equipment
• A dispensing room/pharmacy • BP apparatus, stethoscope, torch,
• A waiting area examination table, weighing machine,
• A rest room height and weight chart

11
11
SPECIALTY PRACTICE IN
PANCHAKARMA

• Vessels of various capacities, frying pan, Churnas/Avaleha

spoons, cooker, mixer, grinder, stove • Kottamchukkadi Churna
• Cotton, gauze, sponge, scissors • Jatamayadi Churna
• Sterilizer – for instruments and linen • Upanaha Churna
equipment • Madanphaladi Churna
• Kalyanakavaleha
Ayurvedic Compounds
• Avipattikara Churna
Kwatha Churnas
• Triphala Churna
• Gandharvahastadi Kvatha Churna
• Shatsakara Churna
• Dasamoola Kwath Churna
• Panchsakara Churna
• Rasnadi Kwath Churna
• Ashwagandha Churna
• Aragwadhadi Kwath Churna
• Hingvashtaka Churna
Tailas
• Dhanvantara Taila Finance
• Building
• Prasarini Taila
• Equipment, furniture, reference books,
• Karpasasthyadi Taila
and stationery
• Kottamchukkadi Taila
• Medicines, diet, and consumables for the
• Sahacharadi Taila use of patients
• Ksheerbala Taila • Lump sum contingency fund
• Balaguluchyadi Taila
Points to remember
• Mahanarayana Taila
• Safety of patients and visitors should be
• Mahamasha Taila
ensured with suitable measures.
• Narayana Taila
• All Panchakarma procedures should be
• Prabhanjana Vimardana Taila
done after receiving informed consent
• Lakshadi Taila from the patient/client. They should
• Saindhavadi Taila be instructed on the precautions to be
• Chandana bala lakshadi Taila followed before, during and after the
therapies.
• Dasamoola Taila
• Short lectures on Ayurveda, Panchakarma
• Chandanadi Taila
and wellness-therapies should be
• Shadbindu Taila
arranged for patients/clients.
• Anu Taila
• Eranda Taila

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SPECIALTY PRACTICE IN
KSHARA SUTRA

Dr Mahantesh M Salimath MS (Ay.)

Asst Prof & Surgeon, SJG Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Koppal.
Email: [email protected] | Phone:+91 9845010950
(This article also contains inputs from Dr Sheshashaye B, Sr Research Associate Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore.
Email: [email protected] | Phone : +91 80 - 28567926)

Anorectal disorders, such as hemorrhoids, abscesses, incontinence, and cancer, are common clinical
conditions. Although majority of these conditions does not require surgery, they can be a serious
and surgical emergency if treatment is neglected.

Common Disorders Causing Anal Pain These pain management techniques work best
• Anal fissure when implemented in conjunction with each
• Anal fistula another.

• Hemorrhoids Kshara Sutra in Anal Fistula

• Abscess
Application of Kshara Sutra
• Cancer
• Negotiate the probe through a path of
Pain Management Procedures least resistance
• Use local anesthesia if pain is not tolerable
Massage
• Massage of the anal region is an effective • Use plain barber thread for primary
pain management technique used to threading. Switch over to kshara sutra
relieve muscle inflammation and swelling. later; this sequence helps minimize pain
Massage also improves blood circulation • Use thin (6×4×2 instead of 11×7×3)
and boosts immunity. kshara sutra for minimizing pain
Hydrotherapy After application of Kshara Sutra
• In this technique, warm water is used to • Pain relievers: Control pain with
relieve muscle stiffness and stress. Shoolaghna, Shothaghna, and
Cutaneous stimulation Ropana drugs.
• Cutaneous stimulation can be done by • External treatment: Sitz bath with
using external pain relievers such as cold Panchavalkala kwatha, Triphala kwatha,
packs and hot packs, which facilitate and Asanadi kwatha two or three times
superficial cooling or heating of skin to a day
alleviate pain. • Internal treatment: Triphala Guggulu,
Rest and sleep Gandhaka Rasayana, Asanadi kwath,
• Lack of rest and sleep can be a reason for Varunadi kashaya, and Anulomana
pain. Adequate rest and sleep are essential dravyas. Continue these medicines till the
for accelerating pain management. fistula gets cut through.

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SPECIALTY PRACTICE IN
KSHARA SUTRA

Kshara Sutra in Hemorrhoids • Rao’s Kshar-Sutra Chikitsa Sansthan

48/A, Cross street-2, Smrithinagar,
Application of Kshara Sutra
Bhilai-490020, Chattisgarh
• Kshara sutra produces negligible
Phone: 0788-2392354
discomfort when applied to internal
hemorrhoids. However, local anesthesia is • Gujarat Ayurveda University International
required to reach the mass. Centre for Ayurvedic Studies Post Bag
No. 4, Jamnagar–361008, Gujarat
• Local anesthesia is also required for
Phone: 0288-677324, 676854, 558260
application of kshara sutra to external
E-Mail: [email protected];
hemorrhoids.
[email protected]
After application of Kshara Sutra Website: www.ayurveduniversity.com
• Pain relievers • Rajasthan Ayurved University
• Sitz bath Kadwad, Jodhpur–Nagaur Highway Road,
• Oral medications Jodhpur–342037, Rajasthan
Phone: 0291-2111701, 2111702, 2111706
List of Centers Providing Training in Website :
Kshara Sutra Therapy http://www.raujodhpur.org/
• Susrutha Anorectal Hospital and
• Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth (National Research Centre
Academy of Ayurveda) Ministry of 17-B, Ksharpani Banglow, Lokmanya
Health & Family Welfare, Dept. of Nagar, Gangapur Road, Nasik-422002,
AYUSH, Govt. of India, Dhanwantari Maharashtra
Bhawan, Road no. 66, Punjabi Bagh Phone: 0253-2314084, 2319943
(West), New Delhi-110026 Phone: 011- E-mail: [email protected];
25228548, 25229753 [email protected]
• Dayanand Ayurvedic College
Mahatama Hans Raj Marg,
Jalandhar-144008, Punjab
Phone: 0181-2253571

14
14
Specialty Practice in
Manasa Roga

Dr Suhas Kumar Shetty

Asst Prof, Dept. of PG Studies in Manasa Roga, SDM College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Hassan.
Email: [email protected] | Phone: +91 9449603234

In the recent times, there has been a substantial increase in the number of patients suffering from
different minor or major psychiatric disorders. The aim of this article is to educate Ayurvedic
students on the management of some of these disorders and extensive application of common
pharmacological therapies and psychotherapies in their clinical practice. The following table
presents the application of Ayurveda in the management of mental disorders.

Sl.
Vyadhi Shodhana Shamana Satvavajaya
No
1 Unmada i) Vataja type – Mustadi i) Vataja type – Kalyanaka Ghritha i) Insight-oriented
(psychotic Yapana Basti ii) Pittaja type – Kushmanda Ghritha family therapy
disorders) ii) Pittaja type – Virechana iii) Kaphaja type– Panchagavya Ghritha ii) Supportive
iii) Kaphaja type – Vamana iv) All types - Himalaya’s Ashvagandha and psychotherapy
Brahmi capsules
2 Apasmara i) Vataja type – Mustadi Vega kaalina chikitsa: Sanjna prabhodhana Train the patient to live
(epilepsy) Yapana Basti nasya with Vacha, White Onion, Katphala with epilepsy
ii) Pittaja and Kaphaja types Choorna
– Virechana Vegantara kaalina chikitsa:
Vamana to be done only if i) Vataja type – Kalyanaka Ghritha
absolutely necessary ii) Pittaja type – Brahmi Ghritha
iii) Kaphaja type – Vachadi, Maha
Panchagavya Ghritha
iv) All types – Smriti Sagar Rasa, Mentat
tablet and syrup
3 Madatyaya i) Vamana i) Combination of Anuloma, Yakrit i) Cognitive behavioral
(alcohol- ii) Mrudu Anulomana Uttejaka and Medhya Rasayana therapy
induced ii) Shrikandasava ii) Family therapy
disorders) iii) Draksharista iii) Motivation
iv) Liv.52 syrup and tablet
4 Chittodvega i) Virechana i) Ashvagandha i) Relaxation technique
(anxiety ii) Murdhni taila ii) Tagara ii) Yoga
disorders) iii) Brahmi iii) Pranayama
iv) Geriforte syrup
5 Vishada i) Vamana i) Jyotishmati i) Supportive
(depression) ii) Nasya ii) Jatamamsi psychotherapy
iii) Panchagavya Ghritha ii) Dynamic activities
iv) Manasa Mitra Vati iii) Motivation
v) Mentat syrup
6 Nidranasha Murdhni taila (Ksheerabala i) Sarpagandha Vati
(insomnia) Taila, Brahmi Taila, ii) Maamsyadi Kvatha
Tungadrumadi Taila) iii) Sarasvatarista
iv) Geriforte syrup

15
15
Utility of Laboratory
Investigations in Clinical Practice

Dr Palaniyamma D*, MD; Dr Pralhad S Patki**, MD

*Medical Advisor,**Head - Medical Services & Clinical Trials, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Introduction physician to establish the diagnosis and

Various disciplines of science such as prognosis of a disease, confirm the clinical
biochemistry, microbiology, hematology, interpretation, and monitor the therapy.
immunology, clinical microscopy, biophysics, Hematology
and cytogenetics form the base for clinical Some common hematological investigations
laboratory investigations. Results of these and their clinical implications are given
clinical investigations are useful for a in Table 1.

Table 1. Common Hematological Investigations and Their Clinical Implications

Conditions with increased levels of Conditions with decreased
Parameters Normal range
parameters levels of parameters
Polycythemia
Hemoglobin Hypoxia
Male: 13.5–18 g/dL Anemia
(Hb) Renal conditions where excess
Female: 11.5–16.5 g/dL
erythropoietin is produced
Smoking
Adults
Erythrocyte Male ≤50 years: <15 mm/hr
sedimentation Male >50 years: <20 mm/hr Acute inflammatory response
Heart failure
rate (ESR; Female ≤50 years: <20 mm/hr Pregnancy
Sickle cell anemia
Westergren Female >50 years: <30 mm/hr Anemia
method) Treatment with steroids
Children Oral contraceptive pill users
Newborn: 0–2 mm/hr
Neonatal to puberty: 3–13 mm/hr
Bacterial infection
Pregnancy
Posttrauma
Viral infection
White blood cell Posthemorrhage
Bacterial infection
count(WBC) 4500–10,000 cells/μL Malignancy
Drugs
Myocardial infarction
Renal failure
Diabetes mellitus
Drugs

Infections
Thyroid disease
Cirrhosis
Bone marrow suppression
Neutrophils 1 X 109/L Aplastic anemia
Radiation
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Drugs

16
16
 Utility of Laboratory
Investigations in Clinical Practice

Conditions with increased levels of Conditions with decreased

Parameters Normal range
parameters levels of parameters
Allergic reaction
Polyarteritis
Reticulocytosis
Leukemia
Corticosteroids
Congenital causes
Eosinophils 6% Shock
Scarlet fever
Trauma
Acute rheumatic fever
Arthritis
Smoking
Irradiation
Hepatitis
Hodgkin disease
Toxoplasmosis
Tuberculosis
45% Tuberculosis
Lymphocytes Renal failure
Syphilis
Drugs
Lead poisoning
Postirradiation
Drugs
Infectious mononucleosis
Tuberculosis
Chronic infection
Monocytes Hodgkin disease
4%–10% Endotoxin-producing infections
Leukemia
Glucocorticoid use
Lymphoma
Solid tumors
Bone marrow hypoplasia
Bone marrow infiltration
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Trauma Immune thrombocytopenia
Inflammation Infections
Platelets 150–400 X 10 /L
9
Malignancy Hypersplenism
Thrombocytosis Hemorrhage
Postexercise Liver disease
Uremia
Drugs
Alcohol
Prothrombin Liver disease
12–15 seconds
time (PT) Decreased vitamin K Excessive vitamin K
Decreased or defective factor VII
Blood vessel defect
2–9 minutes
Bleeding time Platelet aggregation defect
Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
Low plasma concentration of
Clotting time 4–10 minutes
prothrombin or some other factors

17
17
Utility of Laboratory
Investigations in Clinical Practice

Clinical Biochemistry
Some of the common biochemical investigations are given in Table 2.

Table 2. Common Biochemical Investigations and Their Clinical Implications

Conditions with increased levels of Conditions with decreased levels of
Parameters Normal values
parameters parameters
Viral hepatitis
Alanine aminotransferase
Toxic hepatitis End-stage liver disease
(ALT) or serum glutamic
5–35 IU at 37°C Alcoholic hepatitis Renal insufficiency
pyruvic transaminase
Infectious mononucleosis
(SGPT)
Polymyositis
Renal disease
Liver insufficiency
Albumin 3.3–4.8 g/dL Dehydration Severe malnutrition
Pregnancy
Burns
Intrahepatic cholestasis
Alkaline phosphatase Adults: 20–8 IU Extrahepatic cholestasis Hypophosphatemia (a rare inherited
(ALP) Children: 93–221 IU Osteoblastic disease disorder)
Pregnancy
Pancreatitis
Perforated peptic ulcer
60–180 Somogyi Acute ethanol ingestion
Amylase Extensive destruction of pancreas
units Severe renal disease
Salivary gland disease
Obstruction of pancreatic duct
Hepatocellular destruction (viral, toxic,
Aspartate aminotransferase alcoholic)
(AST) or serum glutamic Myocardial infarction End-stage liver disease
8–38 IU at 37°C
oxaloacetic transaminase Pulmonary infarction Pregnancy
(SGOT) Musculoskeletal disease
Posthepatic conditions
Hemolytic jaundice
Hepatocellular destruction (viral, toxic,
alcoholic)
Bilirubin (total) 0.1–1.0 mg/dL
Neonatal physiological hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert’s disease
Posthepatic conditions
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism Hypoalbuminemia
Metastatic carcinoma Chronic renal disease
9.0–11.0 mg/dL
Calcium Myeloma Acute pancreatitis
(4.5–5.5 mEq/L)
Sarcoidosis Malnutrition
Thyrotoxicosis Rickets
Osteomalacia
Myocardial infarction
Creatine phosphokinase Male: 15–30 IU Progressive muscular dystrophy
Physical inactivity
(CPK) or creatine kinase Female: 15–110 IU Dermatomyositis
Decreased muscle mass
(CK) at 37°C Convulsions
Surgery
C-reactive protein (CRP) <4 mg/L Acute infective inflammatory response
Creatinine 0.7–1.5 mg/dL Impaired renal function

18
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 Utility of Laboratory
Investigations in Clinical Practice

Conditions with increased levels of Conditions with decreased levels of

Parameters Normal values
parameters parameters
Diabetes mellitus Insulinoma
Endocrine disorders (such as thyrotoxicosis, Hypopituitarism
acromegaly, and hyperaldosteronism) Adrenal cortical insufficiency
Stress Severe liver disease
Glucose (fasting) 70–110 mg/dL
Chronic renal failure Extrapancreatic neoplasm
Pancreatitis Ethanol ingestion
Drugs such as steroids, thiazides, and oral Drugs such as sulfonylurea,
contraceptives salicylates, phenformin, and insulin
Hyperaldosteronism
Renal glomerular disease Renal tubular disease
Adrenocortical insufficiency Diuretic therapy
Potassium 3.8–5.6 mEq/L
Excessive intravenous therapy Gastrointestinal loss of potassium
Diabetic ketoacidosis Malnutrition
Metabolic alkalosis
Dehydration
Salt-losing nephritis
Loss of hypotonic gastrointestinal fluids
Gastrointestinal loss of sodium
Sodium 133–146 mEq/L Diabetes insipidus
Adrenal insufficiency
Salt poisoning
Diuretic therapy
Skin losses (burns excessive sweating)
Overhydration
Dehydration Renal disease (protein losing)
Myeloma (IgG, IgA) Hepatic insufficiency
Total proteins 6–8 g/dL
Sarcoidosis Malnutrition
Chronic inflammation Agammaglobulinemia
Malignancy
Primary hyperlipidemia
Total cholesterol <225 mg/dL Secondary hyperlipidemia due to diabetes
mellitus, renal failure, and cholestasis
Diabetes mellitus
Nephrotic syndrome
Malnutrition
10–190 mg/dL Excessive alcohol intake
Triglycerides Congenital abetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
Pregnancy
Gout
Renal failure Renal tubular defect (such as Fanconi
Leukemia syndrome and Wilson disease)
Uric acid 2.0–7.0 mg/dL Polycythemia Administration of
Ketoacidosis adrenocorticotropic hormone
Chronic lead nephropathy
Excessive lactate (after ingestion)
Prerenal conditions (diabetes mellitus,
shock, congestive heart failure, etc.)
Severe liver insufficiency
Impaired renal function
Overhydration
Postrenal conditions
Urea nitrogen 7–23 mg/dL Pregnancy (third trimester)
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Malnutrition (particularly, decreased
High protein diet
protein intake)
Drugs such as corticosteroids, and
tetracyclines

19
19
Utility of Laboratory
Investigations in Clinical Practice

Microbiology
Some of the culture techniques that should be followed to identify and diagnose certain disease
conditions are listed in Table 3.

Table 3. Common Microbiological Investigations and Their Clinical Implications

Suspected conditions Suggested cultures Comments
Cultures of blood and fluids from sterile sites such as
Septicemia
pleura and joint
Blood cultures
Meningitis Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the absence of any
contraindications
Blood culture Mycobacterial culture should be done
Osteomyelitis Bone biopsy and tissue biopsy in cases of chronic in high-risk groups
osteomyelitis
Crystal analysis of joint fluid aspiration and blood
Septic arthritis
culture
Feces culture for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter,
Arthritis
Reactive arthritis and Yersinia
Paired sera may be collected for antibody studies
Rheumatic fever Throat swab and antistreptolysin O titer
Throat infection Intranasal swab is the optimal investigation for pertussis
Pneumonia and Purulent or mucopurulent sputum Additional plain chest x-ray
Respiratory chronic obstructive Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (in investigation
tract pulmonary disease immunosuppressed patients)
infection Pleural effusion Culture of pleural fluid collected in a sterile bottle
Lung abscess and Pus culture
empyema
Routine stool analysis Culture and sensitivity testing of gastric
Diarrhea Bacteriology biopsy samples for Helicobacter pylori is
Microscopy for parasites recommended
Routine urinalysis
Urinary tract infection
Urine culture and sensitive test
Blood cultures (for patients with spreading cellulitis or Skin lesions of primary and secondary
severe skin sepsis) syphilis should be considered in the
Skin infection/wound
Mycobacterial culture for subdermal lesions differential diagnosis 
Pus culture is preferable to swab culture
Urethral, cervical, rectal, and pharyngeal swab for Polymerase chain reaction (in viral
Neisseria gonorrhea transport medium) and serum for
Sexually transmitted infection
High vaginal swab for Candida and Trichomonas syphilis, hepatitis B, and HIV
Vesicles/ulcer swab for Spirochetes and Herpes simplex
Blood cultures for malaria Infective causes are responsible for 70%
Serology for enteric fever, brucellosis, leptospirosis, of acute PUO and 40% of chronic PUO
Lyme disease, toxoplasmosis, infectious mononucleosis, Blood culture for mycobacteria requires
Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)
syphilis, and legionellosis special blood culture bottles that
Mycobacterial investigations such as Mantoux tests, are available from the microbiology
sputum, urine, and marrow microscopy and culture laboratories on request
In cases with a history of animal contact or consumption Other lines of investigation may include
Zoonoses of unpasteurized milk, investigate for mycobacteria, leptospirosis, tetanus, Lyme disease,
Brucella, Salmonella, Q fever, listeria, and campylobacter psittacosis, and toxoplasmosis
Fecal microscopic examination for worm infestation Send thick and thin blood smears for
Parasitic infection/infestation
Malaria should be considered in patients, with fever, hematological investigations
(tropical)
who have come from endemic areas

20
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 Utility of Laboratory
Investigations in Clinical Practice

Some common serological tests of clinical • Pyuria: Urinary infections

importance are given in Table 4. • Eosinophiluria: Allergic interstitial
Table 4. Common Serological Tests and Their Clinical nephritis, atheroembolic disease
Importance
Test Suspected conditions • Red blood cell casts: Glomerulonephritis,
Venereal disease research vasculitis, and malignant hypertension
Syphilis
laboratory test (VDRL)
Widal test Typhoid and paratyphoid
• White blood cell casts: Acute interstitial
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) Streptococcal diseases nephritis, exudative glomerulonephritis,
IgM rheumatoid factor Rheumatoid arthritis and severe pyelonephritis
CRP Active infection
Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatitis B infection
• Heme granular casts: Acute tubular
necrosis
Other Investigations of Clinical • Crystalluria: Acute urate nephropathy
Importance (acute uric acid nephropathy [AUAN])
Urinalysis • Calcium oxalatin: Ethylene glycol toxicity
Urine analysis (urinalysis) is performed Presence of certain compounds in the urine
to diagnose urinary tract or kidney has clinical implications as mentioned below.
infection, kidney stones, glomerulonephritis
• Glucose: Diabetes mellitus
(inflammation of the kidneys), and
rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of skeletal • Bilirubin: Increased rate of red blood cell
muscle); evaluate the causes of kidney failure; destruction, liver damage (as in hepatitis
and screen the progression of some chronic and cirrhosis), and obstruction of the
conditions such as diabetes mellitus and common bile duct (as with gallstones)
hypertension (high blood pressure). • Ketone bodies: Diabetic ketosis,
Abnormalities in the color, clarity, and ketoacidosis
cloudiness of the urine may be due to • Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG):
conditions such as infection, dehydration, Pregnancy
hematuria (blood in the urine), liver disease,
Stool examination
and breakdown of muscle or red blood
Stool test is conducted to diagnose different
cells in the body. Change in urine color
disease conditions such as colorectal
may be observed in patients taking certain
cancer, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colon
medications. Large amounts of protein in the
polyps, peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis,
urine (proteinuria) may result in foamy urine.
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),
The number and types of cells and the and Crohn’s disease. A fecal occult blood test
presence of materials such as urinary casts (FOBT) is conducted to diagnose conditions
may suggest a specific diagnosis as (such as colorectal cancer) that cause bleeding
given below. in the gastrointestinal system.
• Hematuria: Kidney stones, infections, Microscopic examination of the stool is
tumors, and other conditions conducted to detect bacterial and parasitic

21
21
Utility of Laboratory
Investigations in Clinical Practice

diseases such as ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, Dittrich’s plugs, broncholiths, and sulfur

and hookworm and whipworm infections. The granules in the sample.
examination can also be performed to detect Microscopic examination is done to determine
viruses such as rotavirus and toxins from the presence of pus cells, red blood cells, heart
bacteria such as Clostridium difficile. failure cells, carbon-laden cells, Curschmann’s
Chemical test: Fecal pH test helps in spirals, myelin globules, elastic fibers, charcot
diagnosing Escherichia coli or rotavirus leyden (bronchial asthma), fatty acid (chronic
infections and digestive problems such tuberculosis), hematoidin (hemorrhage in
as lactose intolerance. Steatorrhea can be the lungs), cholesterol (empyema and chronic
diagnosed with the help of fecal fat test that lung abscess), and parasites such as Entameba
determines fat malabsorption. histolytica, strongyloides, and roundworm in
the sputum.
Synovial fluid analysis
Synovial fluid analysis helps in the diagnosis Peritoneal fluid analysis
of gout and joint arthritis and infections. Peritoneal fluid analysis is performed to
diagnose ruptured viscus, intra-abdominal
Semen analysis
hemorrhage, peritoneal tuberculosis,
Semen analysis is performed to evaluate
carcinoma, acute pancreatitis, pancreatic
the characteristics of the semen or sperm
trauma, acute abdominal pain of unknown
in the semen based on various parameters.
etiology, postoperative hypotension, and
Routine physical test of semen is conducted to
ascites.
determine the volume, viscosity, appearance,
pH, and liquefaction time of semen. Pleural fluid analysis
Routine microscopic tests are conducted to Abnormal pleural fluid accumulation or
determine the total sperm count (million/ pleural effusion can be caused by increased
mL), motility, morphological abnormality, and capillary permeability and hydrostatic
the presence of other cellular elements such as pressure and decreased plasma colloid
white blood cells. osmotic pressure and lymphatic drainage.
Routine biochemical tests are conducted X-ray
to determine the seminal fructose and acid X-rays are done to detect any abnormality
phosphate levels. in the skeletal system and soft tissues.
Sputum analysis Chest x-rays help in the diagnosis of lung
Physical examination of sputum is conducted diseases such as pneumonia, lung cancer,
to evaluate the quantity, color, consistency, and pulmonary edema. Abdominal x-ray is
appearance, odor, layer formation, and done to detect intestinal obstruction, free air
presence of cheesy masses, bronchial casts, (from visceral perforations), and free fluid

22
22
 Utility of Laboratory
Investigations in Clinical Practice

(in ascites). X-rays are also conducted to Conclusion

detect gallstones and kidney stones. Laboratory investigations such as computed
tomography scan, magnetic resonance
Electrocardiography imaging scan, positron emission tomography
Electrocardiography is done to evaluate signs scan, and mammography are performed
and symptoms that could indicate heart to diagnose several disease conditions.
problems such as myocardial infarction, Physicians should prescribe relevant
ischemia, and arrhythmias. laboratory investigations judiciously to
their patients.

23
23
 BEYOND
PRACTICE

24
Career Options for
Ayurveda Professionals

Dr Kishore Kumar R, MD (Ay.) PhD

Research Officer, National Ayurveda Dietetics Research Institute (NADRI, a unit of Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha [CCRAS]), Bangalore, Karnataka
Email: [email protected], [email protected] | Phone: +91 80 26562080, +91 9845829174

Academic and Career Options Quality control in Ayurveda pharmaceutical

After BAMS industry
Ayurvedic graduates are required in
Postgraduate degree and diploma courses
pharmaceutical companies to monitor quality
After graduation, students can opt for either
control and standard operative procedures
specialization or research in areas/fields
in the preparation of pharmacological
related to Ayurveda. Specialization courses
formulations. However, there are no formal
include MD, MS, diploma, and certification in
pharmacy courses offered in Ayurveda.
Panchakarma, Kshara, Agnikarma, Dentistry,
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants, and Hospital Spa Ayurveda
Administration. Ayurveda graduates can also Applicability of Ayurvedic principles in
enroll for courses in allied health sciences such preventive health care and oil- and medicinal
as MD in Yoga and MSc in Yoga, Medicinal herb-based physical therapies led to immense
Plants, Anatomy, Physiology, and Applied popularity of Ayurveda in the hospitality and
Botany. Auxiliary short-term health courses in luxury industry during mid-1990s. Ayurveda
sports medicine, cardiac care, rehabilitation, physical therapies are offered by a majority
and nutrition psychology are also available. of spas, star hotels, and clubs. Ayurveda
Specialty practice in Ayurveda professionals are recruited in Ayurveda-
The trend of specialty practice in Ayurveda based health resorts and wellness centers for
can be traced back to the times when training consultations and monitoring of therapies.
was given by traditional practitioners. Even
Cosmetic Ayurveda
after standardization of education, this trend
Nowadays, most of the obesity and
seems to have continued, especially, among
slimming centers offer Ayurveda tips to their
graduates with traditional family background.
clients. Ayurveda rejuvenation centers use
Some of the popular specialty practices are
“Panchakarma,” a highly technical Ayurvedic
Anorectal, Agada (toxicology), Beauty and
jargon, to imply rejuvenation, beautification,
Cosmetology, Bone Care (fractures and
massage, and traditional cosmetic technique.
other orthopedic problems), Cardiology,
These rejuvenating centers and Ayurveda
Dentistry (Ayu), Dietetics, Dermatology
beauty parlors recruit Ayurvedic graduates for
(Ayu), Gomutra, Panchakarma, Sexual Health
consultations.
Clinics, Shalakya (ENT), and Marma.

25
25
Career Options for Ayurveda
Professionals

Government service Research

The central and state governments have Research in Ayurveda has immense scope for
their own establishments in terms of clinical development. Research activities in India are
services, pharmaceutical manufacturing conducted mainly by the government bodies.
units, and research units. Ayurveda Central Council for Ayurvedic Research
graduates are recruited to these centers was established in 1962 as an Advisory body
either directly or through public service and Central Council for Research in Indian
commission. Pay packages are as per the Medicine & Homoeopathy (CCRIM&H) was
existing pay commission recommendations. established in 1969. In 1970, the government
The process of recruitment may involve of India passed the Indian Medical Central
entrance examination and personal interview. Council Act to standardize qualifications for
Selection is done based on merit and other Ayurveda and accredit institutions offering
constitutional directives. A postgraduate courses in Ayurveda. CCRIM&H initiated
degree in Ayurveda is essential for pursuing research programs in the Indian Systems
career in academics and research. of Medicine & Homoeopathy in different
parts of the country. Central Council for
Clinical research
Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN)
As clinical research is becoming a lucrative
was established with both fundamental and
career option, nowadays there are a number
of private institutions offering different short- allied objectives of initiation, aid, guidance,
and long-term courses in this field. Many development, and coordination of scientific
BAMS graduates enroll for these courses and research in different aspects of Yoga and
find a career in this field. Naturopathy. The Central Council for
Research in Ayurveda & Siddha (CCRAS)—an
Career Options After MD/MS/PhD apex body for the formulation, coordination,
and development of research in Ayurveda and
Teaching and academics
Siddha on scientific lines—was established
Most of the postgraduates prefer pursuing a
in March 1978. The council executes its
teaching career in university colleges offering
research program through a network of 86
BAMS and postgraduate degrees. As their
work profile demands them to be both an research projects (about 30 major institutes/
academician and a physician at a time, this centers and 56 small units) and monitoring
can be a satisfying career option for these and supervision of these research activities are
Ayurveda professionals. controlled by the headquarters. CCRAS has
now been reorganized into about 40 institutes
Private specialty practice
and centers.
Ayurveda specialists begin with general practice
as the specialty practice is not so popular among There are very few agencies and universities
public. Nevertheless, a few specialty practices that provide funds for conducting research
such as surgical management of anorectal in Ayurveda. However, some of the
diseases and reproductive medicine are found to pharmaceutical companies are taking initiative
be lucrative. in funding research.

26
26
 Career Options for Ayurveda
Professionals

Pharmaceutical industry Discussion

In India, several pharmaceutical companies An Ayurveda professional frequently finds
recruit graduates and postgraduates with himself at crossroads of orthodox and liberal
expertise in Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals for Ayurveda. Orthodoxy, unlike liberal Ayurveda,
developing the drugs, conducting clinical is nonlucrative but is considered to be the
trials, and marketing these drugs. mark of a genuine professional. Poor research,
Overseas documentation, and applications have been
Some of the Ayurveda professionals associate a bane for lack of lucrative opportunities in
themselves with holistic health professionals Ayurveda. Training in scientific skills and
or nonmedical professionals (in foreign methodology is as important as it is in the
countries) with business interests in Ayurveda. basics of Ayurveda. Although there are many
These professionals work as Ayurveda opportunities for an Ayurveda professional, a
consultants in organizations such as Maharishi severe dearth exists in talent pool.
Ayurveda. The scope of work in these
References
organizations is limited only to general health
consultations, administration of oil-based 1. Mishra L, Singh BB, Dagenais S.
Healthcare and disease management
preventive therapies, and educative talks.
in Ayurveda. Altern Ther Health
None of these are permanent jobs and involve
Med. 2001;7(2):44-50.
periodic visits. Generally, European countries
(such as United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, 2. Wetzel MS, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk
Spain, Italy, and France), United States, Japan, TJ. JAMA. 1998;280(9):784-787.
and Middle East are preferred locations. 3. Wakdikar S. Electron J
Professionals with good communication skill, Biotechnol. 2004;7(3):214-220.
especially, those who can explain Ayurveda
in English appropriately are preferred.
Prakruti, Panchakarma, and Nadi are popular
catchwords abroad.

27
27
Career in Research

Dr Baidyanath Mishra, MD (Ay.)

Senior Research Scientist-Agrotech, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore - 562123.
Email: [email protected]

Ayurveda is the traditional science of • Implement the modern diagnostic

medicine practiced in India since centuries. techniques
The collective consideration of the mind and • Meet the regulatory compliances
body is the core concern of the Ayurvedic
• Evaluate the efficacy and safety of new
system of medicine. As there is an increase
products
in the popularity of Ayurveda worldwide,
• Evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of
it is important to have an evidence-based
Ayurvedic drugs
data regarding the safety and efficacy of this
system of medicine. This can be achieved Ayurveda professionals can be part of research
with rigorous research activities and best activities in various organizations and projects
quality management. Quality management at both national and international levels:
standardizes the quality control and assures National level
good manufacturing and clinical practices for • Ayurvedic drug companies as a part of
developing Ayurvedic products. their R&D activities
Evidence-based study reports that support the • Departments of botany, biology,
complete analytical, preclinical, and clinical pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry
safety and efficacy are required to comply with at various universities/institutions
the requirements of regulatory bodies such as
• Nongovernment organizations such as
US FDA and the European Commission.
Foundation for Revitalisation of Local
World Health Organization (WHO) has Health Traditions (FRLHT)
emphasized on the standardization of • Central Council for Research in Ayurveda
herbal products, which has paved the way & Siddha (CCRAS)
for more research activities in the fields of
• Modern research institutions of
cultivation, pharmacognosy, formulation and
government of India, such as Council of
development, and pharmacovigilance.
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),
Intensive research activities are required in Indian Council of Medical Research
Ayurveda to: (ICMR), Indian Council of Agricultural
• Study the pharmacological properties of Research (ICAR), Central Drug Research
new plants and formulations Institute (CDRI), Industrial Toxicology
• Identify the nutritional properties of new Research Centre (ITRC), National
food products Botanical Research Institute (NBRI),

28
28
 Career in Research

and Central Institute of Medicinal and • Improper description of selected

Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) study designs
• Golden Triangle project involving • Complication in the calculation of
department of AYUSH, CCRAS, CSIR, probability and power due to
and ICMR missing values
• Lack of well-developed infrastructure as
International level
compared to the conventional medicine
• WHO
• Lack of appropriate facilities and trained
• National Center for Complimentary and
research personnel
Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
The documentation and evaluation of research
• University of Texas Center for Alternative
studies require scientific database of literature
Medicine Research
that would help in conducting a research
• American Botanical Council work. Some of the databases available are
• Universities and medical schools in the listed below.
United States and the United Kingdom • Databases developed by CCRAS
Despite the above-mentioned opportunities, and CSIR
there are several drawbacks and challenges, as • Database (Traditional Knowledge
listed below, in conducting research activities Digital Library [TKDL]) developed in
in Ayurveda. collaboration with CSIR, Ministry of
• Lack of electronic databases for Science and Technology and Department
Ayurvedic studies of AYUSH, and Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare
• Requirement of manual search for
• Database (AyuSoft) developed by Centre
collecting references and interviews
for Development of Advanced Computing
of experts
(C-DAC)
• Nonavailability of adequate number of
• Diagnostic software (Ayata-Nidana)
studies in common databases such as developed by Tilaka Maharashtra
NCBI, EMBL-EBI, and CAM Vidyapeeth in collaboration with CSIR
• Use of regional languages in publications; • Classified directory of PG and PhD theses
many of these are available only (titled Researches in Ayurveda) developed
as abstracts by Wealth of Asia
• Lack of centers for excellence In order to bring Ayurvedic system of
• Nonavailability of publications on health medicine at par with contemporary medicine,
services research and health technology intensive research is required in the fields of
assessment pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety,
bioavailability, and bioequivalence. The action
• Methodological errors due to small
plan for research in Ayurveda and herbal
study population
medicines should include:

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Career in Research

• Focused R&D and interdisciplinary • Effective quality control and packaging

approach to reduce wastage
• Extensive and detailed research into • Strict regulations for Good Agricultural
cultivation and propagation techniques Practices (GAP),Good Laboratory
• Global survey of medicinal and aromatic Practices (GLP), Good Manufacturing
plants (MAP) cultivation in terms of Practices (GMP), and Good Clinical
species, volume, and value Practices (GCP)
• Buyback arrangement for producers Graduates and postgraduates in Ayurveda
have the following career opportunities in
• Strengthened global, regional, and
research.
national networking activities related to
conservation and sustainable utilization • New drug discovery research (NDDR)
of medicinal plants • Process development (P&D)
• Methods to improve the quality and • Formulation and development (F&D)
standards of phytomedicines • Clinical trials and bioequivalence and
• Awareness toward regional, national, toxicological studies
and international legislations regarding • Quality control
access to wild harvest, collection, and
• Drug and cosmetics formulation
development of medicinal and aromatic
plant resources

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Career in Medicinal
Plant cultivation

Dr Archana PM, MD (Ay.)

Research Scientist-New Product Initiatives,The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore.
Email: [email protected]

The substantial increase in the demand for • Good harvesting practices

medicinal plants from the herbal industry and • Good storage practices
traditional health-care practices, worldwide,
National and state medicinal plant boards and
has made the cultivation and conservation of
horticultural and agricultural boards provide
medicinal plants crucial.
special training in medicinal plant cultivation.
The Indian systems of medicine have
identified 1500 species of plants with Medicinal Plant Cultivation as a
medicinal properties, of which 500 are Business Opportunity
widely used for the preparation of drugs.
Financial assistance
The international market of herbal products
Organizations such as National Horticulture
is estimated to be US $62 billion, whereas
Mission (NHM), National Medicinal Plants
its Indian market is estimated to be US $5.5
Board (NMPB), and State Medicinal Plants
billion. That is, India’s share in the global
Board (SMPB) offer financial support for the
market of medicinal plants trade is <0.5%,
cultivation of medicinal plants and assist in
despite its rich biodiversity.
setting up postharvest facilities.
Cultivation and supply of medicinal plants
could be a great career option for Ayurveda End customers of cultivators
graduates. Medicinal plants can be cultivated Various organizations that offer buyback from
as monocrops or intercrops along with other cultivators are
commercial or food crops. Following are the • NMPB and SMPB
prerequisites for initiating the cultivation of • University of Agricultural Sciences,
medicinal plants. Dharwad and Gandhi Krishi Vignana
• Land for cultivation Kendra (GKVK), University of
• Fertile soil Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
• Manpower • Private consultancy services/vendors
• Financial investment • Phytopharmaceutical industry
• Water supply
Career opportunity in the corporate sector
In addition to these basic requirements, the An Ayurveda professional, with
cultivator should have the knowledge of: expertise in the field of medicinal plant
• Good agricultural practices cultivation, can join as an executive or
• Good cultivation practices manager in the Agricultural division of a

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Career in Medicinal
Plant Science

phytopharmaceutical company engaged in Skill sets required

large-scale procurement and handling of raw • Ability to conduct extensive field work
materials. Alternately, one can be linked to the • Business acumen—for negotiation
corporate sector as a trader by offering raw of deals
material for bulk processing. • Effectiveness in networking with
agricultural and corporate sectors

Eligibility
Master’s Degree in Graduate in any of the following disciplines: Botany, Pharmacy,
Medicinal Plants Agriculture, or Ayurveda.
Sciences (Ayu Age: Minimum 20 years | Duration: 2 years (annual pattern)
medicinal plants)— Number of students in one academic session: 15 (few seats are reserved
Gujarat Ayurved for foreign students)
University, Jamnagar, For more details visit: http://ayurveduniversity.com/cou_no9.php
Gujarat Phone: +91-288-2552014 | Fax: +91-288-2552014
Email: [email protected]
Doctor of Philosophy Eligibility
in Medicinal Plants A candidate holding master’s degree in Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical
Sciences (PhD [Ayu Sciences or Ayurvedic Medicinal Plant Sciences or equivalent.
medicinal plants])— Age: Not specified
Gujarat Ayurved Admission criteria: Academic record and research aptitude
University, Jamnagar, Duration: Minimum 2 years
Gujarat For more details visit: http://ayurveduniversity.com/cou_no20.php
Institute: Gujarat Phone: +91-288-2552014 | Fax: +91-288-2552014
Ayurved University,
Email: [email protected]
Jamnagar

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CAREER IN REGULATORY
AFFAIRS

Dr Vijendra Prakash, MD (Ay.)

In Charge—Regulatory Affairs, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore – 562123.
Email: [email protected]

Regulatory Affairs, also called Government External regulations include:

Affairs, is a profession developed by Obtaining permissions like the Manufacturing
governments to protect public health license, Product license, Loan license,
by controlling the safety and efficacy of Certificate of Pharmaceutical product, Free
pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, Sale Certificate etc from Food and Drug
medical devices, pesticides, agrochemicals, Administration (FDA) authorities or AYUSH
cosmetics, and complementary medicines. Centre/State Licensing Authority.
Nowadays, companies are in a race to place
Importance of Regulatory Affairs in
their new products in the market to gain
Pharmaceutical/Health-Care Industry
the maximum market share and earnings.
Regulatory Affairs department is the first
In such a scenario, a small delay in gaining
point of contact between the government
market access may result in huge loss in
authorities and the company. Regulatory
terms of market share and revenue. The key
Affairs department in a pharmaceutical
to success for pharmaceutical companies lies
company is a vital unit that drives the
in obtaining timely marketing approval from
R&D efforts of the company to the market
regulators. Hence, in order to obtain this
successfully. Lapse in the regulation seriously
timely marketing approval companies can
affects the quality and safety of the medicine.
either strengthen the regulatory department
Today, Regulatory Affairs department is a
or rely on the expert advice of independent
dynamic business unit that works with a
regulatory consultants.
focus to get products to the market, with a
commercially viable label, in the least possible Role of Regulatory Affairs department while
time and expenses. registering products in international market
is crucial, as the registration data developed
Pharma companies are always regulated
for one country may not be applicable to other
internally and externally.
countries. A Regulatory Affairs professional
Internal regulations include: with a sound knowledge in these aspects can
GACP (Good Agricultural and help in handling this process easily.
Cultivation Practice)
History of Regulatory Affairs
GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) In the late 1980s, the European Community
GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) (later the European Union) started to
GCP (Good Clinical Practice) harmonize the regulation of health-care
products in its member states. Although the

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concept of regulating medicines was well • Providing advice on legal and scientific
established in most of the member countries restraints and requirements.
(similar to that of US model), many countries • Collecting, collating, and evaluating the
did not have any significant medical device scientific data generated by research and
regulation. development department.
Regulatory Affairs in India • Presenting registration documents to
regulatory agencies and carrying out all
Department of AYUSH regulates the
the subsequent negotiations necessary
functioning of the Indian system of Medicine.
to obtain and maintain marketing
“The Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940 and
authorization related to the products.
Rules thereunder” is the basic resource to
learn about the Regulatory Affairs in India. • Providing valuable strategic advices
Regulations in Ayurveda have been described throughout the life cycle of a product.
in detail in chapters I and IVA of the “Drugs Attitudes and actions of the Regulatory Affairs
and Cosmetic Act, 1940.” It has also been professionals will influence the perceptions of
elaborated in Part XVI, Part XVI (A), Part the government officials toward a company.
XVII, Part XVIII, and Part XIX of the “Drugs The response of the government officials will
and Cosmetic Rules, 1945.” be more favorable toward a company whose
Responsibilities of a Regulatory Affairs representatives have a sound knowledge in
Professional scientific and legal issues.

A good Regulatory Affairs professional plays Educational Qualification Required

an important role in coordinating scientific • Graduate in any discipline or an
endeavor with regulatory demands. Following
equivalent qualification from a
are the main responsibilities of a Regulatory
recognized university/institute.
Affairs professional.
• Preference is given to science and law
• Ensuring the company’s compliance with
graduates with additional qualifications
the regulations and laws pertaining to its
such as Postgraduate Diploma in
business.
Regulatory Affairs or MSc in Regulatory
• Working with local, state, and federal Affairs.
regulatory agencies (such as FDA,
European Medicines Agency) and Useful Web Links
personnel on specific issues relevant to http://indianmedicine.nic.in/
the company’s business. http://www.ccras.nic.in/
• Keeping track of the current legislation http://www.who.int/medicines
applicable to regions/countries where the www.ich.org
company distributes its products.
www.fda.gov

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 CAREER IN REGULATORY
AFFAIRS

Difference Between Law, Act, and Rule Act is a decision or determination of a

Law is a rule of conduct or action prescribed sovereign, legislative council, or court of
or formally recognized as binding or enforced justice. It is the formal product of a l
by a controlling authority. Law implies egislative body.
imposition by a sovereign authority and the Rule is a regulation or bylaw, governing
obligation of obedience on the part of all procedure or controlling conduct. In case
subject to that authority. Law constitutes acts, of any contradiction in rules and act, the
statutes, amendments, notification, rules, bill provisions of act prevail and apply accordingly.
in parliament, state laws, central acts, and legal Therefore, as per the above definitions every
opinion and advice. system including medical and pharmaceutical
industries is regulated by laws, acts, and rules.

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 Career in Medical
Writing

Dr Jayashree B Keshav, BAMS, MA (Sanskrit)

In Charge—Scientific Publications, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore – 562123 .
Email: [email protected]

Medical writing is the presentation of clinical writing, which involves the documentation of
and scientific data/information that would be research findings for journal publication.
useful for the medical fraternity and health
Scope of medical writing
conscious readers. Medical writer develops
documents that are in compliance with the Well-written, standards-compliant
regulatory requirements and journal or other documents are important for easy and quick
guidelines in terms of content, format, and understanding of the product during the
structure. approval and marketing stages. An increase
in the market size of health-care products
Types of medical writing has resulted in an increase in the demand
Medical writing is classified into two: for these product-related information from
regulatory medical writing and educational the consumers, patients, and health-care
medical writing. professionals.

Regulatory medical writing: Documentation Role of a medical writer in different

of clinical study protocols and reports, organizations
patient informed consent forms, investigator Medical writers in contract research
brochures, and summary documents that organizations (CROs) and pharmaceutical
summarize and discuss the data collected companies prepare documents for regulatory
during the course of developing the drug or submissions and publication. Apart from the
device. These documents are required by the above, medical writers in pharmaceutical
regulatory agencies for the approval of the companies also prepare training manuals and
medical product. promotional material for marketing purposes
and websites. Whereas medical writers in
Educational medical writing: Developing
communication agencies prepare manuscripts
documents related to drugs, devices, and
for publication and materials (such as
biologics for specific readers such as health-
poster, abstracts, and slide presentations)
care professionals. These documents contain for conferences, pharmaceutical marketing,
product information of drugs and devices, training, and multimedia.
data presentation for medical conferences,
medical articles for journal publication, and Educational qualification and skill sets
materials for continuing education (CE) and required
continuing medical education (CME). Graduate or postgraduate degree in life
Scientific writing constitutes a part of medical science or medical science is required. Apart

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 CAREER IN
medical writing

from the educational qualification, candidates • Keep sentences as short and simple
should also possess the following skills. as possible
• Good writing and word processing skills • Avoid using strange and
• Good interpersonal skills complicated terms

• Good attention to detail • Use active voice rather than passive voice

• Good knowledge of medical terms and • Define new terms, concepts, symbols, or
basic human anatomy and physiology infrequently used terms in the
first occurrence
• Computer knowledge
• Avoid redundancy and in-depth
Following are some of the instructions for
explanation of familiar techniques and
medical writing:
terminologies
• Avoid plagiarism
• Cite all references, tables, and figures
• Gather information from in the text
authentic sources
• Check for grammatical errors
• Spell check and proofread the
paper carefully

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 Career in Pharmaceutical
Marketing

Dr Hemanth RK, BAMS, DCRRA, PGDMM

Product Manager-Pharmaceutical Division, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore – 562123
Email: [email protected]

Recently, there was a report in the newspaper The pharmaceutical industry is a knowledge
saying ‘Five doctors, a lawyer and a fashion driven industry. Unlike the marketing of
designer are among those who have made it to other products, pharma marketing needs a
the IIM-C. And IIM-C old timers say that this sound knowledge of the basic science. As
is perhaps the first time that the institute has there are tremendous career opportunities
such a variety. in marketing, it is obvious that doctors are
Few years back the ‘Marketing’ was very seriously looking to make Marketing as
distant for many and this is truer if you are their career.
a medico. But those days are gone and now, Role of Doctors in Pharmaceutical
people have started thinking seriously to make Marketing and Product Management
their career in marketing.
Pharmaceutical marketing is the business of
A doctor with knowledge of medical science advertising or otherwise promoting the sale of
and with the techniques of marketing will pharmaceuticals or drugs to the doctors. It is
be a big asset to the organizations like said that a Product Manager breaths life to the
pharmaceutical industry, corporate hospitals, product. Hence sound product knowledge is
health care industry, wellness industry, an integral apart from varied skill sets.
clinical research, medical transcription, health
A doctor in the product management can
insurance, to name a few.
understand the product easily and can help in
Pharmaceutical Industry the market segmentation, positioning of the
The pharmaceutical industry is the world’s product in the market thereby contributing
largest industry due to worldwide revenues in formulating the strategies for new and
of approximately US$2.8 trillion. The total existing products. A new dimension can be
Indian Pharmaceutical Market (IPM) is itself provided by a doctor for the promotion of
over 40,000 crores. There are nearly 250 large these products.
companies controlling 70% of the Indian Career growth opportunities
market. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is
The career in marketing starts with Product
poised for high consistent growth over the
executive, and can progress to become
next few years, driven by a multitude of factors
Product Manager, then Group product
including the huge population and poor
manager, Marketing Manager, Business
infrastructure.
head, Chief Operating Officer (CEO), Vice-
president and President. Depending on the

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 CAREER IN pharmaceutical
marketing

individual strength, one can reach higher • Innovation / Creativity: Think and do
management like Business head/CEO in new activities so that the freshness in the
a span of 10-12 years. The more years one promotion is maintained.
puts in the lower rank, the better will be the • Influencing: while communicating with
exposure to the ground level functioning various departments and with the field
thereby decision making becomes easier when staff (sales team)
higher management portfolio is handled.
• Prioritization and time management:
Multitasking and ability to handle
Role of a Product Executive/Manager
thinking and operational task at the
• Formulating new strategies for new & same time.
existing products.
• Computer proficiency: Is a must. Basic
• Launching new products knowledge of Microsoft Office like
• Market research activities word, excel and power point is required.
• Brand Management Awareness on online searching for
• Handle market development activities medical and other relevant data is
essential.
• Identify market opportunities
• Monitoring the implementation of various Educational qualification
strategies A postgraduate degree in Marketing or an
• Sales analysis & forecasting MBA is useful as it gives a clear understanding
• Giving Marketing inputs during training on the marketing concepts and strategies.
program Now, specialized post graduate courses for
• Handling Sales Meetings Pharma Marketing are offered by various
business management schools that can
Required skill set be opted.
• Analytical Ability: Ability to identify gaps
in the market and positioning products

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Personality development

Himalaya Infoline. 2010; vol. 6(Q1):17.

Personality is the complex of all • Exude a confidence and inner strength

characteristics—behavioral, temperamental, that make others listen to you
emotional, and mental—that makes a
• Get rid of negative thoughts and stay away
person unique. Personality development is
from people who pull you back
a continuous process that brings out your
capabilities and strengths, making you aware • Look at yourself in a different way than
of your inner self. Individuals with a pleasing you are used to
personality may create an atmosphere that
Be social
is conducive for achieving success in their
Maintain good relations with people around
lives. Following are the 10 important tips to
you and adopt the positives you observe in
improve your personality.
them in your life. Always keep a smile on your
Build your self-confidence face when you talk to others.
Self-confidence is a feeling or belief in
your strengths and abilities. Self-confident Develop good reading habits
individuals understand the impact of believing Use your leisure time for reading. It is
in themselves and relying on their abilities. important to develop a good reading habit to
expand your knowledge.
You can follow this simple formula to build
your self-confidence: Help and respect others
• Make a list of your strong points and focus Develop the quality of helping and respecting
on those points that require others. When you respect others, you increase
further improvement the respect that others extend to you.

40
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 personality
development

Be conscious about yourself Keep a positive body language

Identify your weakness and strength and work Keep a positive body language, as it may
on improving them. help you to create a positive, lasting first
impression. Your gestures, stance, position,
Learn from your mistakes
and movement can all convey a sense of
Learn from your mistakes, as it is important to
openness to others, depending on how you
acknowledge them to improve your skills.
use them.
Compliment others
Dress well
Compliment others as that makes them
Select a dress that makes you feel good and
feel good and helps in breaking the ice and
more comfortable in. It may help to improve
creating good relationships.
your confidence level.
Make decisions for yourself
Respect others’ opinion, but it is always good
to have your own say in decisions related to
your life.

41
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 GET
STARTED

42
How to Choose
Your First Job

Himalaya Infoline. 2009; vol. 5(Q2):12.

1. List all the jobs you are attracted to. see yourself doing in 5 or 10 years. Talk
to people who you know that have that
job. Interview them. Check out Internet
2. Take some time each day to explore facts
forums and online articles about people in
about each job and/or stream you might
that line of work, and email them to find
be interested in. For example, a lawyer
out if they like it.
needs reading and writing skills. Keep
all this information in a word file for
later use. 6. Take action and find an internship or
volunteer position in the field of your
choice while you are going to college. Do
3. Take a look back at the list you created
not wait to act. Do not wait until after you
as you progress through college. Re-read
graduate. Try as many jobs as you can
it and look at the notes you prepared.
early, while you are still in college. Get
This would be a good time to look for
involved with what you want to do as soon
internships/volunteer opportunities in
as you can.
the jobs you still find interesting. Call the
boss of the place, go in and talk to them,
and persist until they let you have a job/ 7. Carefully consider your personal values,
internship. and begin to assess potential employers
who are also aligned with these values.
For example, if you are strongly inclined
4. Look at your list and then eliminate all the
to grow and reward others, seek
jobs you dislike after trying them out and
employers who are not very financially
researching the major that you will need
focused; rather seek those firms who
to accomplish your goal of getting that
reward team building, support other
particular job.
offices or groups, and believe that
money is an outcome of success,
5. Look at the list of jobs, ultimately and not the sole reason.
critically, and try to pick one that you can

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How to Write
a Resume

Himalaya Infoline. 2010; vol. 6(Q1):13.

A résumé is essential when you start searching Achievements

for a job after your studies. Before writing a If you have played any sport or took part
résumé, be clear in your mind on the nature of in any competition at the state, national, or
the job you are looking for and the skills and international level and won, include them in this
experience required for it. section. Mention those achievements on top that
A typical résumé includes: you think the employer would care about.

Personal Details Concluding Section

Specify your name, address, contact number, Include your strengths and hobbies in this
and e-mail address on top of the first page of section. Highlight your skills related to the
the résumé. job you are applying for and also explain the
employer how it would actually benefit to
Objective his/her organization. Finally, mention your
State a clear and to-the-point objective of what father’s name, permanent address, date of
you would like to do for the organization if birth, and alternative telephone number.
you are appointed. It should not exceed more
Review, edit, and proofread the résumé once
than two or three lines.
you finish writing. It is better to have a printed
Educational Qualifications résumé instead of a handwritten one, unless
Educational qualifications should be listed specified by the employer.
in descending order, that is, your most
recent qualification should come first in the Basic do’s and don’ts while
list. For example, for a PG student, his/her writing a résumé
postgraduation should come first in the list,
• Avoid spelling mistakes or
followed by graduation, Class XII, and Class X.
grammatical errors
Experience • Avoid using fancy fonts and bullets
Freshers need not to include this section. • Do not use multiple fonts
Experienced candidates should list down their • Highlight your qualification and
employment history also in descending order, achievements
as it is listed in the educational qualification
• Use bullets to list your qualification
section. Make sure to mention the name of
the company you worked for, the duration you • Use action words such as prepared,
worked there, and the designation you were managed, developed, monitored,
appointed for. and presented

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How to Write
a Job Application

Himalaya Infoline. 2009; vol. 5(Q2):13.

For most jobs, you will need to apply in Structure of your job application
handwriting or computer print. This normally In the opening paragraph, explain the purpose
means preparing two things: one is letter of of your letter. Mention the position you are
application or covering letter and second is applying for and where you heard about it or
your resume. A job application is an important where it was advertised.
element in the selection process. In the next paragraph, mention that you
can do the job and do it really well—you
Before you start writing your application,
should focus on covering concisely your
you should ensure that:
qualifications, skills, abilities, and experience.
• You have researched the employer and the
Highlight what makes you perfect for the job
position you are applying for.
advertised.
• You have identified which of your skills,
Next, highlight how keen you are to work
attributes, knowledge, experience, and
for the company and why. Try to give some
qualifications are going to appeal to the
information about what type of person you
employer the most.
are. Keep in mind what you know about the
What is to be included in your job employer and mention the personal qualities
application you have that you think they are looking for.
• Customize every cover letter so it
Before finishing, thank them for taking the
is relevant to the employer and the
time to review your application. Also mention
particular job.
any attachments including your resume and
• Focus on what the employers want to any work samples.
know, not what you want from them.
Try to convince them that you can do Final check of your job application
the job, that you will do a great job, and Before sending your application, check it over
that you will fit in and be an asset to their or have someone else read through it to ensure
organization. there are no mistakes and ensure that you
• Make sure you include your contact have read the job advertisement and any other
details. information thoroughly. For example, some
employers may ask you to send several copies
• Keep your letter to no more than one
of your application. Others might want you to
page—you do not want to overwhelm the
address specific selection criteria. If you miss
employer with too much information.
things like these, the employer might think
you lack attention to detail.

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How to Write
a Job Application

You should also complete the following – make sure it is easy to read the print,
check: there are spaces between paragraphs,
• Do not send too much: Employers a suitable font size, and appropriate
are very busy and will not want to be margins
bombarded with information they haven’t – use an A4 envelope so that you don’t
asked for. have to fold your application
• Send only copies of your documents: If – use a standard font, nothing too fancy
the employer has requested copies of – tailor your application to the job you
certificates and other formal documents, are applying for. If you are applying
for a creative industry, it might be
send copies only. You can show them the
appropriate to show your creativity.
originals, if required, at your interview. For most jobs, however, concentrate
• Ensure your application is professionally on making the application clear,
presented as employers pride themselves simple, and to the point
on their professionalism and are looking – number the pages in the application
at your application to ensure that you and include your name in the header
share their values. For example: or footer of each page just in case they
– type your application, unless become separated
they specify that you write it – if you intend to post your application,
– use clean A4 paper make sure you send it in plenty of
time; otherwise try and drop it off in
– do not make manual corrections, such
person.
as crossing something out or using
correction fluid

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How to Dress Up
for Job Interviews

Himalaya Infoline. 2009; vol. 5(Q2):13.

Applying for jobs can be an exciting and stressful experience. With self confidence and a little work,
you can pull yourself together to get the job you want. Once your resume is short-listed, it is time
for that all-important interview where you get to meet your possible future employer face to face.
Considering the amount of hard work you put in to reach this stage, definitely you would not want
to let yourself down by dressing inappropriately for the interview. Although there are no hard-and-
fast rules that you have to follow a particular dress code, be sure that you appear neat and tidy when
dressing for your job interview. Surely, no employer will offer you a job on account of your good
looks, but they may have second thoughts if you look untidy or disorganized. Following are few
valuable tips for your interview attire.
Men Women
• Wear buttoned-down long-sleeved shirts of • Tone down contrasting colors and huge floral
lighter shades such as white, sky blue, or off- prints for whatever look you opt for: be it
white along with trousers of darker shades Indian, Indo-western, or western.
such as black or navy. Make sure that the cuff • If you prefer an Indian look, salwar-kameez
of the trousers falls lightly over the shoes and with a matching dupatta will be the best option.
your socks is not seen. For the western look, a smart business suit in
• If you intend to wear a suit, choose conservative color (preferably darker shades
conservative colors such as navy or gray. Do such as navy or black) or a skirt/pant (darker
not combine a suit jacket with nonmatching shades) with light-colored solid shirt is more
trousers. preferable. Be sure to use good judgment as far
• Do not wear ties with large prints, cartoon as the length of the skirt is concerned (knee-
characters, holiday motifs, or anything that is length skirts are the ideal).
flashy or vulgar. The width of your tie should • Wear a simple pair of shoes or sandals
be between 2 3/4” and 3 1/2” and should (matching your attire) with a medium-sized
extend to your trouser belt. The size of the heel. Avoid extremely high heels, ankle boots,
knot should be small. stilettos, and shoes with elaborate bows and
• Wear a belt that matches your shoe color. buckles.
Avoid huge buckles. • Make sure that your hair is neat and
• Wear well-polished, wing-tipped, or lace-up professional looking. Long hair should be
leather shoes in black or brown color. pulled back and out of your face.
• Wear a small amount of fresh and clean- • Make sure that your nails are well manicured
smelling cologne. Avoid old spice and fruity and of medium length. Stick to neutral shades
flavors. if you are applying nail polish.
• Do pay close attention to personal hygiene. • Go easy on the makeup. Stay away from bright
Hair should be neatly cut and styled. If you lipsticks and eye shadows. Be sparing with the
have long hair, make sure that it is neatly foundation and blush and strive for a natural
pulled back into a ponytail. If you have facial and subtle look as much as possible.
hair, be sure that your beard or mustache • Do not wear excessive or flashy jewelry such as
is neat and trimmed, although it is always hooped or dangling earrings and multiple rings
preferred to have a clean-shaven look. or bracelets.

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How to Tackle
Job Interviews

Himalaya Infoline. 2010; vol. 6(Q1):13.

The most crucial and decisive part of the whole job searching process is handling job interviews.
During the interview, the employers usually evaluate the confidence level and interpersonal skills
of the candidate. So your attitude and personality are the most important factors in the decision-
making process of the interviewer while finalizing a candidate for the available post. Listed below are
some fundamental do’s and don’ts for the candidates to tackle job interviews.

Do’s
• Make sure your resume is correct and updated with proper contact information.
• Be honest in your answers. If dishonesty is found, it may lead to withdrawal of job offer
or firing.
• Dress appropriately and conservatively to show that you are serious about the interview.
• Be sure that you know the exact time and location of the interview and plan to arrive at
least 15 minutes early.
• Be respectful to those you meet, as their first impression may influence the hiring
decision.
• Always refer to interviewers by title (Mr, Ms, or Dr) and last name until you are being
asked to do otherwise.
• Maintain good eye contact and stay attentive.
• Be prepared to discuss the details of your resume.
• Be confident in your responses and try to use specific examples about your experiences
whenever possible.
• Be prepared to ask questions to the interviewers. Do some research about the employer
prior to the interview and be sure to check out their website. This will show that you are
interested in the position and well prepared for the interview.
• Before you leave, thank the interviewer and inquire about the next step in the hiring
process.

48
48
Don’ts
• Don’t ever lie. Answer the questions put across by the interviewer honestly and succinctly.
• Don’t make negative comments about previous employers or employment experiences.
• Don’t smoke or chew gum during or before interview.
• Don’t show up late or be unprepared. Being unprepared can make you look foolish and
uninterested.
• Don’t attend phone calls during the interview. Keep your mobile on silent mode.
• Don’t ask about salary and benefits until the issue is brought up by the interviewer. You
don’t want to give the impression that you are only interested in the salary. You can
discuss about salary during the second round of the interview if it has not already been
discussed.
• Don’t slouch or sit too rigidly in your seat.
• Don’t respond to an unexpected question with an extended pause. Ask for the question
to be repeated to get you a little more time to think about the answer. Also, a short pause
before responding is okay.

49
49
 Further
reading

50
How to prepare for pg
entrance examinations

The syllabus for both graduate and • Revise important points of a topic after
postgraduate (PG) courses in Ayurveda was reading completely
designed by the Central Council of Indian • Use mnemonics and tips for
Medicine (CCIM) to maintain uniformity in easy recollection
standards throughout the country. Gujarat
Following are some useful tips that will
Ayurveda University (Jamnagar), Banaras
help you manage your time wisely in the
Hindu University (BHU) (Varanasi),
examination hall.
Andhra Pradesh University of Health
Sciences (Vijayawada), National Institute of • Read the instructions carefully
Ayurved (NIA) (Jaipur), University of Kerala • Proofread (recheck) the answer sheet after
(Trivandrum), and Rajiv Gandhi University of completing the exam.
Health Sciences (Bangalore) conduct entrance • Divide your time well between questions
examinations for admission to PG degree • Do not spend more time on
courses in Ayurveda. These tests contain difficult questions
mainly objective type questions.
List of the colleges that have been permitted
Following are some tips to prepare for PG by the government of India for giving
entrance examinations. admission to postgraduate course and the
• Read and analyze previous number of permitted seats are given in Table 1.
question papers
• Read reference books in detail

Table 1. List of Colleges Permitted by the Government of India for Giving Admission to PG Courses
Sl Govt./ Courses with number
Name of the college State
No private of seats
1. Dr. B R K R Government Ayurveda College, Hyderabad Andhra Govt. 5 PG courses (26 seats)
Pradesh
2. Dr. N. R. Shastry Government Ayurved College, Vijayawada Andhra Govt. 1 PG course (5 seats)
Pradesh
3. Government Ayurved College, Guwahati Assam Govt. 3 PG courses (12 seats)
4. Govt. Ayurveda College, Patna Bihar Govt. 2 PG courses (8 seats)
5. Govt. Ayurved College, Raipur Chhattisgarh Govt. 5 PG courses (17 seats)
6. Government Akhandananda Ayurveda Medical College, Ahmedabad Gujarat Govt. 2 PG courses (11 seats)
7. Institute of PG Training & Research Gujarat Ayurved University, Gujarat Govt. 10 PG courses (50 seats)
Jamnagar
8. Rajiv Gandhi Government Postgraduate Ayurvedic College, Paprola Himachal Govt. 6 PG courses (24 seats)
Pradesh
9. Jammu Institute of Ayurved & Research, Nardhani Raipur, Ban Talab Jammu & Private 3 PG courses (15 seats)
Road, Jammu Tawi Kashmir
10. ALN Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College, Koppa Karnataka Private 3 PG courses (16 seats)
11. Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical College, Moodbidri Karnataka Private 6 PG courses (30 seats)

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How to prepare for pg
entrance examinations

12. Government Ayurved Medical College, Bangalore Karnataka Govt. 4 PG courses (28 seats)
13. Government Ayurveda Medical College, Mysore Karnataka Govt. 2 PG courses (12 seats)
14. Govt. Taranath Ayurved Medical College, Bellary Karnataka Govt. 1 PG course (7 seats)
15. Hubli Ayurveda Seva Samiti’s Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Old Hubli Karnataka Private 2 PG courses (7 seats)
16. JSS Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Mysore Karnataka Private 1 PG course (4 seats)
17. Karnataka Liberal Education Society’s Shri BM Kankanwadi Ayurved Karnataka Private 2 PG courses (9 seats)
Medical College, Belgaum
18. NK Jabashetty Siddharudh Math Ay. Medical College, Bidar Karnataka Private 4 PG courses (18 seats)
19. Shri DGM Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital & PG Research Karnataka Private 4 PG courses (19 seats)
Centre, Gadag
20. Shri DM College of Ayurved, Udupi Karnataka Private 9 PG courses (41 seats)
21. Shri JGCH Cooperative Ayurveda Medical College, Ghataprabha Karnataka Private 2 PG courses (4 seats)
22. Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Karnataka Private 6 PG courses (24 seats)
Hassan
23. Government Ayurved College, Ernakulam Kerala Govt. 1 PG course (5 seats)
24. Government Ayurved College, Kannur Kerala Govt. 2 PG courses (10 seats)
25. Government Ayurved College, Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Govt. 12 PG courses (63 seats)
26. Vaidyaratnam P.S. Varier Ayurveda College, Malappuram Kerala Private 2 PG courses (10 seats)
27. Ashtanga Ayurveda College, Pune Maharashtra Private 3 PG courses (9 seats)
28. Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Shri Shivaji Nagar, Ahmednagar Maharashtra Private 6 PG courses (27 seats)
29. Ayurved Seva Sangh Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nasik Maharashtra Private 3 PG courses (10 seats)
30. Ayurvidya Prasarak Mandal’s Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Mumbai Maharashtra Private 3 PG courses (6 seats)
31. Bharatiya Sanskriti Darshan Trust Ayurved Vishwashanti Dham, Pune Maharashtra Private 3 PG courses (9 seats)
32. Bharti Vidyapeeth’s College of Ayurved, Pune Maharashtra Private 14 PG courses (57 seats)
33. Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Shikshan Sanstha’s Ayurved Maharashtra Private 2 PG courses (8 seats)
Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad
34. DMM Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Yeotmal Maharashtra Private 1 PG course (3 seats)
35. Government Ayurveda College, Nanded Maharashtra Govt. 7 PG courses (21 seats)
36, Govt. Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur Maharashtra Govt. 4 PG courses (13 seats)
37. Hon. Annasaheb Dange Ayurved Medical College, Sangli Maharashtra Private 1 PG course (2 seats)
38. Maharashtra Arogya Mandal’s Sumati Bhai Shah Ayurved Maharashtra Private 6 PG courses (18 seats)
Mahavidyalaya, Pune
39. P.D.E.A.’s College of Ayurveda & Research Centre, Pune Maharashtra Private 2 PG courses (8 seats)
40. RA Podar Ayurved College, Mumbai Maharashtra Govt. 8 PG courses (22 seats)
41. Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur Maharashtra Private 3 PG courses (14 seats)
42. Smt. KG Mittal Punarvasu Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Mumbai Maharashtra Private 4 PG courses (16 seats)
43. Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune Maharashtra Private 14 PG courses (44 seats)
44. Vidarbha Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Amaravati Maharashtra Private 1 PG course (1 seat)
45. Yashwant Ayurvedic College, Kolhapur Maharashtra Private 3 PG courses (6 seats)
46. National Institute of Ayurved, Jaipur Rajasthan Govt. 14 PG courses (104 seats)
47. Govt. Rishikul Ayurved College, Haridwar Uttaranchal Govt. 3 PG courses (17 seats)
48. Faculty of Ayurveda, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Uttar Pradesh Govt. 16 PG courses (20 seats)

Subject-Wise Seat Distribution at Some website (www.bhu.ac.in & www.imsbhu.nic.

Major Institutes in) or can be obtained from the office of the
Banaras Hindu University Director, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU,
The application form along with information Varanasi, by sending a written request through
brochure either can be downloaded from the registered post along with a demand draft

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 How to prepare for pg
entrance examinations

drawn in favor of the Director, IMS, BHU, Tables 3 to 5 present the subject-wise
payable at Varanasi. Table 2 shows the subject- distribution of postgraduate seats at NIA
wise distribution of postgraduate seat at BHU, (Jaipur), IPGT&RA (Jamnagar), and GAAC
Varanasi. Table 2 shows the Subject-Wise (Ahmedabad).
Distribution of Seats at BHU, Varanasi
Table 2. Subject-Wise Distribution of Seats at
BHU, Varanasi
National Institute of Ayurved, Institute
Subjects Seats
for Postgraduate Training and Research in Kayachikitsa (Chikitsa) GEN 1, OBC 1
Ayurveda, and Government Akhandananda Kayachikitsa (Mano Vigyan evam OBC 1
Ayurveda College (GAAC) Manas Roga)
Kayachikitsa (Panchakarma) GEN 1
Students can download application and
Prasuti Tantra Avam Stree Roga GEN 1, OBC 1
prospectus for the joint PG entrance test Shalya Tantra GEN 1, ST 1
for admission to postgraduate courses Sangyaharana GEN 1
(MD/MS) in National Institute of Ayurved Kaumarbhritya–Balroga GEN 1
Shalakya Tantra Netra Roga GEN 1
(Jaipur), Institute for Postgraduate Training
Roga Nidana evam Vikrati Vigyana GEN 1
and Research in Ayurveda (IPGT&RA) Dravyaguna Vigyana SC 1, OBC 1
(Jamnagar), and Government Akhandananda Rasa Shastra SC 1
Ayurveda College (GAAC) (Ahmedabad) Swasthavritta SC 1
Kriya Sharira GEN 1
from the following websites:
Ayurveda Siddhanta OBC 1
• www.nia.nic.in Rachana Sharira GEN 1
Ayurveda Samhita OBC 1
• www.ayurvedauniversity.com
Table 3. Subject-Wise Distribution of Seats at NIA, Jaipur
Sl In-service
Subjects CGN SC ST OBC PH GEN Total
No. SC ST OBC GEN
1. Agad Tantra 1 - - - - - 1 1* 1 1 + 1* 6
2. Dravya Guna 1 - - 1 - - 1* 1 + 1* - 2 + 1* 8
3. Kaumara Bhritya 1 - - - 1* - - 1 - 2 + 2* 7
4. Kaya Chikitsa 1 1* 1* 1* 1 1 - 1 + 1* - 1 9
5. Pancha Karma 1 1 - 1 1* 1* - 1* - 1 7
6. Prasooti Tantra 1 - - - 1* 1 - 1 - 1 + 2* 7
7. Rasa Shastra & 1 - - 1 1* 1 - 1* - 2 + 2* 9
Bhaishajya kalpana
8. Roga & Vikriti 1 1 - 1* 1 1* - 1 - 1 + 1* 8
Vigyana
9. Samhita 1 - - 1* 1 1 1* 1 + 1* - 1 8
10. Shalakya Tantra 1 - - - 1 1 - - - 1 + 2* 6
11. Shalya Tantra 1 - - - 1* 1* 1 1 + 1* - 1 7
12. Sharira Kriya 1 - 1 - 1 1* - 1 + 1* - 1 + 1* 8
13. Sharira Rachana 1 - - - - - 1 1 1* 1 + 2* 7
14. Swastha Vritta 1 - - - 1 1* - 1* - 2 + 1* 7
Total 14 3 2 6 11 10 5 18 2 30 + 3** 104
*RAU/UOR seats
**Three seats reserved for BIMSTEC countries (including one seat for Sri Lanka)

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How to prepare for pg
entrance examinations

Table 4. Subject-Wise Distribution of Seats at IPGTRA, Jamnagar

Sl Other states Gujarat state Govt. of Govt. of
Department Specialty Foreigner Total
No. GEN OBC SC ST GEN OBC SC ST Gujarat India
1. Basic Principle Ay.D.S - 1 1 - - 1 - - - 1 - 6
Samhita 1 - - - 1 - - - - - -
2. Dravyaguna 1 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 6
PH 1
3. R.S. & B.K. Rasa S. 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 5
B.K. - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 - -
4. Panchkarma 1 - 1 1 1 1 - 1 - - - 6
5. Kayachikitsa 1 - - - 1 1 - - 1 - - 4
6. Roga Vijyana - 1 - - 1 - - - 1 - - 3
7 Kaumar-bhritya 1 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - - 4
8. SRPT 2 - - - 1 1 1 - - - SC 1 6
9. Shalakya 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - ST 1 - 5
10. Shalya 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - - 1 - 5
Total 11 5 3 2 9 6 3 2 3 3 3 50
**Three seats reserved for BIMSTEC countries (including one seat for Sri Lanka)
*RAU/UOR seats

Table 5. Subject-Wise Distribution of Seats at GAAC, Ahmedabad

Other Gujarat Reserved category (Gujarat
Sl states State Gujarat state state) as per the
Subjects Total
No. (teacher quota) instructions/decision of
GEN OBC SC ST GEN OBC SC ST
Govt. of Gujarat on rotation
1. Kayachikitsa 2 - - - 2 - - - - SEBC/OBC 1 5
2. Panchakarma 2 - - - 2 - - - 1 SC 1 6
Total 4 - - - 4 - - - 1 2 11

List of some important books that would be helpful in preparing for PG entrance examination has
been given in Table 6.
Table 6. List of Some Important Books for PG Entrance Test
Sl No. Title of the book Author(s)/publisher(s)
1. A Comprehensive Study for Ayurvedic Competitive Dr Praveen K Choudhary
Examination
2. Prasna Vikalpa Dr Sunil Kumar Joshi
3. Guide to Ayurvedic PG Entrance and Public Service Dr Nishteswar K
Commission Tests
4. A Guide to Ayurvedic Competitive Examinations Dr Prabhakara Rao G
5. Postgraduate Medical Entrance Examination Guide Dr Nandkishor Raja
6. Objective Ayurveda Dr Murali K (published by Center for Indian Medicine, Thrissur,
Kerala)
7. Ayurveda in Numbers Prastuta Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka
8. Ayurvedansh (Book in Hindi) Dr Mukesh Sharma
9. Multiple Choice Questions on Caraka Samhita Dr Prabhakara Rao G
10. Multiple Choice Questions on Sushruta Samhita Dr Prabhakara Rao G
11. Post Graduate Student Association Guide for PGSA, Govt. Ayurveda College, Trivandrum, Kerala
Competitive Exams
12. Guide for Competitive Examinations in Ayurveda Dr JLN Sastry (Chaukhamba Publications, New Delhi)

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How to write
a scientific paper

Dr Mandip Kaur*, Dr Damayanthie Fernando KP**

*Assistant Professor, **MD (Ay.) Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA, Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar, Gujarat

Purpose • Spell out abbreviations at first mention (in

Like the objective of any other writing, a text); some very common abbreviations
research paper also is written to communicate need not be expanded.
with its readers. Writing a research paper • Use affirmative instead of negative
becomes a tedious task if the writer is ignorant constructions in the statements.
of the proper format or the guidelines to
• Provide citation for all the references used
be followed while developing it. Also, it
in the paper.
is important to understand the aim and
• Spell check and proofread the paper
appropriateness of the paper before starting
carefully before submission.
the writing process. This article highlights
some of the general guidelines, as listed below, Drafting the Outline
for developing a good research paper. First, an outline of the paper should be
• Make an outline of the paper. developed, process of dividing the entire
developing phase into small tasks, keeping
• Define new terms, concepts, symbols,
in mind the requirements specified by the
or infrequently used terms in the first
journal. The basic outline of a research paper
occurrence in the paper. Use simple
can be made in the following way.
examples to clarify abstract definitions or
complex methodology. • Title
• Avoid redundancy and in-depth • Abstract
explanation of familiar techniques and • Introduction
terminologies. • Materials and methods
• Avoid using strange, outlandish, or • Results/observations
barbarous language.
• Discussion
• Keep sentences as short and simple as
• Conclusion
possible and appropriate for your subject
• Acknowledgments
matter. Use past tense to report results of
the paper and present tense to • References/bibliography
discuss them. • Appendix
• Use active voice rather than passive voice.

55
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How to write a
scientific paper

Title containing annotated bibliographies (eg,

Title should be short, simple, appropriate, and CABI), science citation index, and higher
informative. degree theses.

Abstract Materials and methods

A well-prepared abstract gives a concise The main purpose of the materials and
summary of the whole paper. It should state methods section is to provide adequate
the purpose of the study and the techniques information for a competent researcher to
used. Also, it should report the results repeat the study and reproduce the same
obtained and the conclusions derived. results. It should provide information on
The abstract must be brief as defined by the equipment and materials used for clinical or
journal. Use past (perfect) tense and passive experimental study, study design including
voice. References, tables, and figures should inclusion and exclusion criteria, criteria used
not be cited in the abstract. Also, it should not for assessment of results, and the statistical
contain any undefined abbreviations. methods used to evaluate the observations.

Introduction Results/observations
The introduction should not be too long. It The results section should contain the findings
should begin by introducing the reader to of the study and presentation of appropriate
the pertinent literature. It should provide data in the form of tables and graphs.
the reader with information necessary to Discussion and conclusion
understand the scientific basis of the study This section discusses the study and the results
and the techniques used. The introduction obtained. Be sure to address the objectives of
should include background of the subject, the study in this section. The section should
state of the present knowledge, gaps in the also indicate the practical implications of the
existing knowledge, and the reason for the findings and the necessity of further research.
current investigation. Use present tense for End the discussion with a short summary or
referring the established knowledge and past conclusion regarding the significance of
tense for literature review. the study.
Information related to this section can be
Acknowledgments
gathered from sources such as World Wide
In this section, acknowledge any people/
Web, scientific textbooks, newspaper articles,
institute who/that helped in the successful
articles on science subjects in popular journals
completion of the study.
(eg, New Scientist [http://www.newscientist.
com/], review articles in scientific journals References/bibliography
(http://www.trends.com/), grey literature (eg, Reference is a source of information to which
conference proceedings, research reports, a reader is referred. All references to the
annual reports, and abstracting journals), literature should be cited in the text, tables, or
bulletin (http://www.cabi.org/), databases figures.
56
56
 How to write a
scientific paper

The most common reference formatting styles extra photographs, explanation of formulas,
are Modern Language Association (MLA), specialized computer programs for a
American Psychological Association (APA), particular procedure) that is nonessential to
Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), and Council the understanding of the paper.
of Science Editors (CSE). Formatting varies
among academic fields, so be sure to check Sources for Further Information
with the reviewer before submitting the paper. Websites
Most of the references contain the following • http://www.sportsci.org/jour/9901/
information. wghstyle.html - Guidelines On Style For
• Name(s) of author(s) Scientific Writing
• Title of the paper (or chapter if citing • http://www.mason.gmu.edu/~arichar6/
a book) logic.htm - The Science of Scientific
Writing; George D. Gopen and Judith A.
• Name of the journal (or book)
Swan American Scientist, Volume 78
• Name of the editor(s) when a book
• http://mason.gmu.educ/~arichar6/logic.
is cited
htm -Logical Fallacies In Scientific
• Volume number
Writing; A. Stephen Richardson
• Page number (first and last page of the
• http://bio.winona.edu/delong/
work cited)
EcoLab/21%20Suggestions.html -
• Year of publication Twenty-One Suggestions for Writing
Bibliography (also known as a works cited Good Scientific Papers
page) is an alphabetical listing of the source • http://filebox.vt.edu/eng/mech/writing/
materials that were used to write a research - Alley, M. 1996. The craft of scientific
paper. Although format of the bibliography writing, 3rd edn; Prentice Hall, NJ
may vary based on the style guide, most
Book sources
of these usually contain the following
• American Medical Association Manual of
information:
Style: a Guide for Authors and Editors,
• Name of the author(s) 9th edn; Williams &Wilkins:
• Title of the work Baltimore, 1998.
• Name of the publisher • Atlas, Michel C. Author’s Handbook of
• Date of publication Styles for Life Science Journals; Iverson,
Cheryl, Ed.; CRC Press:
Appendix Boca Raton, 1996.
Appendix is a supplementary material
• Byrne, Daniel W. Publishing your Medical
usually attached at the end of a paper. It is
Research Paper: What They Don’t Teach
optional and contains information (such
You in Medical School; Williams &
as raw data, maps [foldout type especially],
Wilkins: Baltimore, 1998.

57
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How to write a
scientific paper

• Day, R. How to write and publish a • Zeiger, Mimi. Essentials of Writing

scientific paper, 5th edn; Biomedical Research Papers, 2nd edn;
Orynx Press. 1998 McGraw-Hill, Health Professions
• Matthews, Janice R.; Bowen, John Division: New York, 2000.
M.; Matthews, Robert W. Successful • McMillan, Vicky. Writing Papers in the
Scientific Writing: a Step-by-step Guide Biological Sciences, 3rd edn; Bedford
for Biomedical Scientists, 2nd edn; Books: Boston, 2001.
Cambridge University Press: New York,
2000.

Disclaimer: The views and opinions of authors expressed in their articles do not necessarily state or reflect those of
The Himalaya Drug Company. The information shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. The
Himalaya Drug Company does not endorse or recommend any commercial products, processes, or services mentioned in
this book.
Some websites have been mentioned in the book for the convenience of users. The Himalaya Drug Company shall not
be responsible for the availability or content of these external sites, nor does Himalaya endorse, warrant, or guarantee the
products, services, or information described or offered on these websites.

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Himalaya Corporate building
and R&D Image