E-Jurnal Matematika Vol. 9(2), Mei 2020, pp.

109-116 ISSN: 2303-1751

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/MTK.2020.v09.i02.p287

EXISTENCE, UNIQUENESS AND STABILITY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW

NONLINEAR SYSTEM OF INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
OF VOLTERRA TYPE

Faraj Y. Ishak

Department of statistics, Collage of Administration & Economics, University of Duhok, Iraq

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

In this article, we established the existence, uniqueness and stability solutions for a nonlinear system
of integro-differential equations of Volterra type in Banach spaces. Krasnoselskii Fixed point
theorems and Picard approximation method are the main tool used here to establish the existence and
uniqueness results.

Keywords: Existence and uniqueness, Picard approximation, Integrodifferential equations,

Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem.

1. INTRODUCTION B. Yuste and L. Acedo, 2005; C.-M. Chen, F.

Liu, I. Turner, and V. Anh, 2007).
The integral equations form an important
The Picard iteration method, or the
part of applied mathematics, with links with
successive approximations method, is a direct
many theoretical fields, especially with
and convenient technique for the resolution of
practical fields (K. E. Atkinson, 1997; P. Linz,
differential equations. This method solves any
1985 ; E. Babolian and J. Biazar, 2000 ) The
problem by finding successive approximations
Volterra integral equations were introduced by
to the solution by starting with the zeroth
Vito Volterra and then studied by Traian
approximation. The symbolic computation
Lalescu in his 1908 thesis. Volterra integral
applied to the Picard iteration is considered in
equations find application in demography, the
(Parker, G.E. and Sochacki, J.S. 1996; Bailey,
study of Viscoelastic materials, and in
P.B., Shampine, L.F. and Waltman, P.E. 1968)
insurance mathematics through the renewal
and the Picard iteration can be used to generate
equation. Fredholm equations arise naturally in
the Taylor series solution for an ordinary
the theory of signal processing, most notably as
differential equation (Butris, R. N. 1994; Butris
the famous spectral concentration problem
R.N., 2015; Butris, R. N. and Ghada, Sh. J.
popularized by David Slepian. They also
2006) studied existence and unique solution for
commonly arise in linear forward modelling
different kind of equations and (Raad N. Butris
and inverse problems. Throughout the last
and Hojeen M. Haji 2019) studied existence
decade, physicists and mathematicians have
and unique solution of Volltera-friedholm:
paid attention to the concept of fractional
calculus. Actually, real problems in scientific ∫ )( )
fields such as groundwater problems, physics,
mechanics, chemistry, and biology are ))
described by partial differential equations or In this work our aim is to show the
integral equations. Many scholars have shown existence solutions of the system of
with great success the applications of fractional integrodifferential equations:
calculus to groundwater pollution and
groundwater flow problems, acoustic wave ) ∫ ) ( ) ))
problems, and others (F. Mainardi, 1997; P.
Zhuang, F. Liu, V. Anh, and I. Turner, 2009; S. ) ∫ ) ( ) ))
(1)

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Ishak, Faraj Y. Existence, Uniqueness and Stability Solutions for New Nonlinear System…

Where
are closed and bounded, let ( ) , less than one i.e.
( ) )), ( ) )) is defined
on the domain: .
) [ ] [ ] ) (9)
(2)
Define a sequence of functions
Assume that the vector functions ) ) as:
( ) )), ( ) )), and
kernels ) ) are satisfying the )
following inequalities:
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ) )) (10)
‖ ( ) ))‖
‖ ( ) ))‖ )
)
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ) ))
‖ ) )‖
‖ ‖ With ) ) ,
‖ ‖ ) m=0,1,2…

‖ ) )‖
‖ ‖ 2. PRELIMINARIES
‖ ‖ )
Definition 2.1 (Syed Abbas, 2011 ). Assume
)
‖ )‖ ‖ )‖ that ) is defined on the set )
)
) ) is said to satisfy Lipschitz condition
with respect to the second variable, if for all
‖ )
‖ ‖ )
‖ ) and for any
(7) | ) )| | |
Where where > 0 does not depend on ).

Theorem 2.1: (Ascoli-Arzela theorem). Let 𝛺

be a compact Hausdorff metric space. Then
𝐶(𝛺) is relatively compact if and only if is
[ ] and ‖ ‖ [ ] | |,
uniformly bounded and uniformly
suppose that A = ( ) ) are non- equicontinuous.
negative square matrices of order (n), we Theorem 2.2: (Krasnoselskii fixed point
defined non empty sets as: theorem). Let M be a closed convex and
nonempty subset of a Banach space X. Let A, B
(8) be the operators such that (i) Ax + By M
whenever x, y M (ii) A is compact and
continuous (iii) B is a contraction mapping.
Where Then there exists z M such that z = Az + Bz.

. Theorem 2.3 : (Raad N. Butri , Hewa S. Fari ,

As well as, we suppose the maximum value of 2015). Let be a sequence of real value
the following matrix: function on the set E then is uniformly
convergent on E if and only if given then
there exist such that :
| ) )| )

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E-Jurnal Matematika Vol. 9(2), Mei 2020, pp. 109-116 ISSN: 2303-1751
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/MTK.2020.v09.i02.p287

Theorem 2.4: (Banach's Fixed Point ‖ ) ‖=‖

theorem). Let ) be a complete metric )
space and let be a contraction ∫ ∫ ) ( ) ))
mapping. Then T has a unique fixed- ‖
point x and for any the
sequence ) converges to x . ∫ ∫‖ )
) ( ) )) ‖
Theorem 2.5: (Azhar H.Sallo , 2006 ). If the
function ) satisfy the existence and )
uniqueness theorem for IVP(1), then the ∫ ∫
successive approximation ) converges to
the unique solution ) of the IVP(1):

) ) IVP (1) And by the same we have

‖ ) ‖
That is:
3. MAIN RESULTS: EXISTENCE
) ) [ ]
Theorem 3.1: Let the right side of system (1)
are defined and continuous on domain ).
Suppose that the vector functions Suppose that
) for each )
( ) )) , ( ) )) are
,t [ ], by
satisfying the inequalities (3)-(5) and the
mathematical induction we conclude that:
conditions (6)-(9).Then there exist a sequences
) ) for each
of functions (10) converges uniformly as
,
on domain (2) to the limit functions
which satisfying the following integral t [ ]
equations:
To prove that the sequences (10) convergence
) uniformly in domain (2):

)
‖ ) )‖
∫ ∫ ) ( ) ))
‖
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ) ))
(11)
) ∫ ∫ )
) ( ) )) ‖

) ) ))
∫ ∫ ) ( ∫ ∫ )
)‖ ( ) ))
( ) ))‖
Provided that:
‖ ) ‖ ∫ ∫ )
‖ ‖
‖ ) ‖ ‖ ‖

‖ ) )‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖)
( )
‖ ) )‖
) And by the same
for all ‖ ) )‖
Proof: ‖ ‖
By using the sequence of function (10) when
m=0, we get: ‖ ‖)

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Ishak, Faraj Y. Existence, Uniqueness and Stability Solutions for New Nonlinear System…

By the mathematical induction the following

inequalities hold: ∑ ∑

) )
‖ ) )‖
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖) Thus the limiting relation (16) signifies uniform
)
‖ ) )‖ convergence of sequences:
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖)
) ) , that is:

Rewrite (12) with vector form: )

) ) )
‖ ) )‖
( ) By all conditions and inequalities of the
‖ ) )‖ theorem the estimate
‖ ‖ ‖ ) )‖
( )( ) ( )
‖ ‖ ‖ ) )‖
)
That is:
) ) ) (13) Is hold for all m = 0,1,2, …

Where: To prove that ) ) we

prove that:
)
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ) )) )
( )
‖ ) )‖ ∫ ∫ )
) ( ) ))
( )
‖ ) )‖ (17)
‖ ) )‖
( )
‖ ) )‖ )
∫ ∫ ) ( ) )) )
Take the maximum value for both sides of (13):
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ) ))
(14) (18)

where We have:
) [ ] ‖
By repletion of (14) we obtain:
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ) ))

)
∫ ∫ ) ( ) )) ‖
( ) ∑ ∑ (19)

(15)
)
∫ ∫ )‖ ( ) ))
Since the matrix has eigenvalue ,
( ) ))‖
) , ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖)

the series (15) is uniformly convergent, i.e. And for the function y(t, ) we have

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E-Jurnal Matematika Vol. 9(2), Mei 2020, pp. 109-116 ISSN: 2303-1751
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/MTK.2020.v09.i02.p287

‖ ) ̂ )‖
( )
‖ ‖ ) ̂ )‖
‖ ) ̂ )‖
∫ ∫ )
) ( ) )) ( ) (20)
‖ ) ̂ )‖

)
∫ ∫ ) ( ) )) ‖ From (19) and condition (9) we have
when
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖) that is:

And since the sequences: ) ̂ ) ) ̂ )

) ) uniformly
convergence to ) ) respectively Therefor ) ) is a unique solution
on the interval [0,T], that is (17) ,(18) satisfies. for system (1).

Uniqueness Stability

Theorem (3.2): If all conditions and Theorem (3.3): Under the hypothesis and
assumptions of theorem (1.1) satisfied, then the conditions of theorem (11) if ̅ ) ̅ )
functions ) ) are unique solution are any other solution of system (1) ,then the
for system (1) on domain (2). solution are stable if satisfies the inequality:

Proof: let ‖ ) ̅ )‖
) ( ) ( )
̂ ‖ ) ̅ )‖
( )
̂ )
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ̂ ) ̂ )) Where:
( ) ̅ )
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ̂ ) ̂ ))
)
∫ ∫ ) ( ̅ ) ̅ ))
be another solution for system (1) then:
̅ )
‖ ) ̂ )‖
)
)
) )) ∫ ∫ ) ( ̅ ) ̅ ))
∫ ∫ ‖ )[ (
( ̂ ) ̂ ))] ‖
Proof:
‖ ) ̅ )‖ ‖ ̅‖
‖ ̂‖ ‖ ̂ ‖)
‖ ̅‖) (21)
And
‖ ) ̂ )‖ ‖ ) ̅ )‖ ‖ ̅‖
)
∫ ∫ ‖ )[ ( ) ))
‖ ̅ ‖) (22)
( ̂ ) ̂ ))] ‖
Rewrite (21), (22) in victor form we get:
‖ ̂‖ ‖ ̂ ‖)
‖ ) ̅ )‖
( )
‖ ) ̅ )‖
Rewrite in vector form:
‖ ) ̅ )‖
‖ ) ̂ )‖ )( )
( ) ‖ ) ̅ )‖
‖ ) ̂ )‖
‖ ) ̂ )‖
)( ) By condition (9) and for we have:
‖ ) ̂ )‖
‖ ) ̅ )‖
By take the maximum value for both sides of ( ) ( )
‖ ) ̅ )‖
(19) and reputation it we get:
(23)

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Ishak, Faraj Y. Existence, Uniqueness and Stability Solutions for New Nonlinear System…

By the definition of stability, we find that ‖ ‖

̅ ) ̅ ) is stable solution for system
(1) Thus using (25) we conclude that is a
contraction mapping.
Krasnoselskii theorem
For calculating the norm of the function
Theorem (3.4): Suppose that the vector we have:
functions ( ) )) , ( ) )) moreover for we obtain:
in system (1) are satisfying the inequalities (6),
) ) ‖ ) )‖
(7)) ,and let
‖ ‖ )
) [ ] [ ] ,T ∫ ∫ )‖ ))‖
hen system (1.1) has at least one solution in
[ ] provided:

)
(24) To prove the continuity of ,let us consider a
sequence ) converging to y, and taking
(25) the norm:
‖ ) ) ) )‖
Proof: consider 𝐶 [ ] ) | | ∫ ∫ )
)‖ ))
denote the collection of all bounded and ))‖
continuous function from [0, T] to R.
Assume that our function ) in system
(1) can be written as the sum of tow functions ‖ ‖
of the following form:
And hence whenever
) ) )
,this prove
the continuity of .
Where are Lipschitz continuous
For compactness of , let and
functions with Lipschitz constant
taking the norm:
.Define two operators on as:
) )
‖ ) ) ) )‖
)
) ∫ ∫ ‖ ) ( ))‖
∫ ∫ ) ))
)
) ) ∫ ∫ ‖ ) ))‖
)
∫ ∫ ) ))
)
‖ ) ) ) )‖ ‖ ‖ ∫ ∫
)
∫ ∫ )‖ ))
) )‖ ∫ ∫ )

)
)
Thus ) ) .
The right-hand side of above expression does
‖ ) ) ) )‖ not depend on y, thus we conclude that is
)
relatively compact and hence is compact
∫ ∫ )‖ ( )) by Arzela -Ascoli theorem. Using Krasnoselskii
fixed point theorem we obtain that exist
( ))‖ such that:

)
‖ ‖∫ ∫ Which is a fixed point of F.

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E-Jurnal Matematika Vol. 9(2), Mei 2020, pp. 109-116 ISSN: 2303-1751
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/MTK.2020.v09.i02.p287
s=3.22

x(t)

By the same steps we can prove that 0.2

picard approximation solution

s=0 x(t)
0.1 y(t)

Hence system (1.1) has at least one solution in -0.1

-0.2
.
-0.3
Example (3.1): consider the following system -0.4

of integro-differential equations: -0.5

-0.6

) ))
) ∫ -0.7
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

(26)
Figure (1)
) ) ) ( ))
) ∫
4. CONCLUSIONS
For t,s I = [0,1] here ) ) Based on the results and discussion it can
= 0.988 , = 1.33 , ) be concluded that: (1) The proof of existence
) ) solution for the non-linear system proposed in
) )
this paper using the existence and uniqueness
) ))
) theorem needs some hypotheses and conditions,
) )) )) (2). Using the idea of Krasnoselskii fixed point
theorem was very effective for the proposed
) ) ))
. Thus, by non-linear system of equations. The present
Theorem (3.1), (3.4) the initial value problem work can be extended to boundary value
(26) has a unique solution on [0,1], the problem.
numerical solution using MATLAB for Picard
approximation method are show in figure (1):
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
The author is grateful to the reviewers for
) ) ) )
0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1
their suggestions, and prof. Dr. Raad N. Butris
0.01 0.0845 -0.1336 0.0160 -0.1667 for his scientific orientations, advices and
0.02 0.0685 -0.1715 -0.070 -0.2443 support.
0.03 0.0520 -0.2142 -0.1565 -0.3342
0.04 0.0351 -0.2623 0.2411 -0.4377
0.05 0.0178 -0.3164 -0.3216 -0.5563 REFERENCES

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