124 Chapte5

r EquÍlibrium

PROBTEMS 3/, A carpenter holds a 12-Ib 2-in. by 4-in. boa¡d as shown.

If he exerts vertical forces on the boa¡d, determine the
lntroductory Problems
forces at A and B.
Ans. N7-: 12 lb down, Ns = 24lb up
5/l The mass center G of the 1400-kg rear-engine car is
located as shown in the figure. Determine the normal
force under each tire when the car is in equilibrium.
State any assumptions.
Ant N¡ : 2820 N, N, : 4050 N

Problern5/I
Problem 3/3

ll2 A carpenter carries a l2-lb 2-in. by 4-in. board as 314 The 450-kg uniform l-beam supports the load shown.
shown. What downward force does he feel on his Determine the reactions at the supports.
shoulder at A?
5.6 m ----,þ 2.a m -4

Problem 5/4

5/5 The 20-kg homogeneous smooth sphere rests on the

two inclines as shown. Determine the contact forces at
A and B'
Ans.N¿ = 101.6 N, N¡ : 1g6.2N

Problem3/2

Problem 5/5
 A r t i c l e5/ 3 Problems 125

t16 With what force magnitude ? must the person pull on 51lEThe 600-lb drum is being hoisted by the lifting device
the cable in order to causethe scaleA to read 500 Ib? which hooks over the end lips of the drum. Determine
The weights of the pulleys and cables are negligible. the tension ? in each of the equal-length rods which
State any assumptions. form the two U-shaped members of the device.

Problem 5/8

Problem 5,/6 5/9 What fraction n of the weight W of a jet airplane is

the net thrust (nozzle thrust ? minus air resistance
5/7 rü}'at horizontal force P must a worker exert on the
.R) in order for the airplane to climb with a constant
rope to position the 50-kg crate directly over the
speed at an angle 0 with the horizontal?
trailer?
Ans.P: 126.6N Ans.n:sin0

Problem 5/9

5/10 Determine the force magnitude P required to lift one

end of the 250-kg crate with the lever dolly as shown.
State any assumptions.

1m

Problem3/7

Problem5/10
 126 C h a p t e rI E qu i l i b r i u m

5/l I Find the angle of titt 0 wíth the horizontal

so that
the contact force at B will be one-half that at A for
the smooth cylinder.
Ans. 0 = 18.43"

Problem 3/tl

l/14 Three cables are joined at the junction ring C. De_

Problem3/t I
termine the tensions in cablesAC and,BOcausedbv
5/12 Determine the magnitude p of the vertical force the weight of the B0-kg cylinder.
re_
quired to lift the wheelbarrow free of the ground
at
point B. The combined weight of the wheelbarrow
and its load is 240 lb with center of gravity at G.

19" 2I" g"

Problem5/12 Problem5,/14
l/15 To facilitate shifting the position of a lifting hook 5/t5 The 100-kg wheel rests on a rough surface and bears
when it is not under load, the sliding hanger shown against the roller A when the coupleM is applied. If
is used. The projections at A and B engage the M : 60 N.m and the wheel does not slip, ctmpute
flanges of a box beam when a load is supported, and the reaction on the roller A.
the hook projects through a horizontal slot in the Ans. F4: 281 N
beam. Compute the forces at A and B when the hook
supports a 300-kg mass.
Ans. A : 4.9IkN, B : 1.962kN
: ì
/A

Problem3/l 5
 A r , t i c l e3 / 5 Problems 127

1116 The uniform beam has a mass of 50 kg per meter of Rep resentatíve Prob le m s
length. Compute the reactions at the support O. The
force loads shown lie in a vertical plane, 5/18 Determine the magnitude P of the force which the
man must exert perpendicular to the handle of the
1.4kN
high-pressurewasher in order to causeloss ofcontact
at the front support B. Note that the operator pre-
4 kN'm vents movement of the wheel with his left foot. The
60-kg machine has its mass center at point G. Treat
the problem as two-dimensional.

o
F-- 1.8m

P r o b l e m5 / 1 6

lll1 To accommodatethe rise and fall of the tide, a walk-

way from a pier to a float is supported by two rollers
as shown. If the mass center of the 300-kg walkway
is at G, calculate the tension 7 in the horizontal cable
which is attached to the cleat and find the force un-
der the roller at A.
Ans.T:850N,.4 = 1472N

åi åi
Problem5/l I

t /19 If the screw B of the wood clamp is iightened so that

the two blocks are under a compression of 500 N,
determine the force in screw A. (Note: The force sup-
ported by each screw may be taken in the direction
of the screw')
Ans.A : 1z5o N

PrcblemS/17

Problem5/19
128 C h a p t e r3 E qu i l i b r i u m

!l2O The uniform 15-m pole has a mass of 150 kg and is

supported by its smooth ends against the vertical
walls and by the tension T in the vertical cable.Com-
pute the reactions at A and B.

P¡oblem 3/22

3/21 The spring of modulus k : 3.5 kN/m is stretched

10 mm when the disk center O is in the leftmost po-
sition ¡ : 0. Determine the tension ? required to
Problem5/20 position the disk center at x, : 150 mm. At that po-
sition, what force N is exerted on the horizontal slot-
5/21 Determine the force P required to begin rolling the
ted guide? The mass of the disk is 3 kg.
uniform cylinder of mass n'L Qver the obstruction of
Ans.T:328 N,N:203Nup
height å.
*gJ2rh - h'
Ans. P :
r - h
/,

Problem5/2I
PrcblemS/23
t/22 The elements of a heavy-duty fluid valve are shown
in the figure. When the member OB rotates clockwise
about the fixed pivot O under the action of the force
P, the element S slides freely upward in its slot,
releasing the flow. If arr internal torsional spring ex-
erts a moment M = 20 N'm as shown, determine
the force P required to open the valve. Neglect all
friction.
 Article t /! Problems 129

tl74 A block placed under the head of the claw hammer 5/26 To test the validity of aerodynamic assumptions
as shown greatly facilitates the extraction ofthe nail. made in the desigrr of lhe aircraft, its model is being
If a 50-lb pull on the handle is required to pull the tested in a wind tunnel. The support bracket is con-
nail, calculate the tension ? in the nail and the mag- nected to a force and moment balance, which is ze-
nitude A of the force exerted by the hammer head on roed when there is no airflow. Under test conditions.
the block. The contacting surfaces at A are suffi- the lift L, drag D, and pitching moment Mç act as
ciently rough to prevent slipping. shown. The force balance records the lift, drag, and
a moment Mp. Determíne M6 in terms oî L, D,
and Mp.

T
h
MG

T
l t ¿ "
l L 4
L -
P¡oblem3/26

t / 2 7 In a procedure to evaluate the strength ofthe triceps

muscle, a person pushesdown on a load cell with the
palm of his hand as indicated in the figure. If ihe
Problem5/24 load-cell reading is 35 lb, determine the vertical ten-
sile force ,t' generated by the triceps muscle. The
5/75 Tlne indicated location of the center of gravity of the
lower arm weighs 3.2 lb with mass center at G. State
3600-lb pickup truck is for the unladen condition. If
anY assumPtions'
a load whose center of gravity is ø : 16 in. behind Ans. F: 401 lb
the rear axle is added to the truck, determine the
Ioad weight Wa for which the normal forces under
the front and rear wheels are equal.
Ans. W, : 550 Ib

Problem 3/25

P¡oblemS/27
t50 C h a p t e r5 Equilibtium

tl28 A person is performing slow arm curls with a 20lb

weight as indicated in the figure. The brachialis mus-
cle group (consisting of the biceps and brachialis
muscles) is the major factor in this exercise.Deter-
mine the magnitude F of the brachialis-muscle-group
force and the magnitude E of the elbow joint reaction
at point E for the forearm position shown in the fig-
ure. Take the dimensions shown to locate the effec-
tive points of application of the two muscle groups;
these points are 8 in. directly above E and 2 in. di- 1"
rectly to the right of E. Include the 3.2-lb forearm D

weight which acts at point G. State any assumptions.

Humerus
Problem5/29
Biceps
Brachialis 5/50 With his weight W equally distributed on both feet,
a man begins to slowly rise from a squatting position
as indicated in the figure. Determine the tensile force
F in the patellar tendon and the magzritude of the
Ulna force reaction at point O, which is the contact area
Radius 20lb between the tibia and the femur. Note that the line
of action of the patellar tendon force is along its mid-
line. Neglect the weight of the lower leg.

Quadriceps muscle

t4"

Problem5/28
Femur
!/2e A woman is holding an 8-lb weight in her hand with
Fibula Patella
the entire arm held horizontally as shown in the fig-
ure. A tensile force in the deltoid muscle prevents the Tibia
Patellar
arm from rotating about the shoulder joint O; this tendon
force acts at the 21' angle shown. Determine the

t-
force exerted by the deltoid muscle on the upper arm
at A and the ¡- and y-components of the force reac-
tion at the shoulder joint O. The weight of the upper
arm is Wu : 4.t lb, the weight of the lower arm is
Wr : 2.+ lb, and the weight of the hand is W¡7 :
0.9 Ib; all these weights act at the locations shown in
Problem5/50
the figure.
An* Fp = L60.21b,O, : 149.5Ib, Oy : -42.21b
5/51 For the desigrr of the belt-tensioning device, deter-
mine the dimension I if the mass tn maintains a spec-
ified tension ? in the belt for the position shown.
Neglect the mass of the arm and central pulley com-
pared with rn. Also determine the magnitude Æ of the
suPPor"tÏiT
rorce
:'"ffi,
ftrg
* : hrr;ææ
 Atticle 5/3 Problems | 5l

PrcblemS/53

lll4 Calculate the magnitude of ihe force supported by

the pin at C under the action of the 900-N load ap-
plied to the bracket. Neglect friction in the slot.

Problem3/5t

l/12 The uniform 18-kg bar OA is held in the position

shown by the smooth pin at O and the cable AB. De-
termine the tension ? in the cable and the magnitude
and direction of the external pin reaction aL O.

PrcblemS/14

t /55 ^ uniform ring of mass /71and radius r carries an

eccentric nrâss /?"ù6at a radius ó and is in an equilib-
rium position on the incline, which makes an angle
a with the horizontal. If the contacting surfaces are
rough enough to prevent slipping, write the expres-
sion for the angle I which defines the equilibrium
posiúion. l. / -\ I
A n s .0 : s i n - r l - f f + a l s i n a l
Ló \ rno/ l

PrcblemS/52

l/ll The exercise machine is designed with a lightweight

cart which is mounted on small rollers so that it is
free to move along the inclined ramp. Two cables are
attached to the cart-one for each hand. If the hands
are together so that the cables are parallel and ifeach
cable lies essentially in a vertical plane, determine
the force P which each hand must exert on its cable
in order to maintain an equilibrium position. The - -
u- --j
l
mass of the person is 70 kg, the ramp angle 0 is 15o,
and the angle B is 18". In addition, calculate the force ProblemS/35
,R which the ramp exerts on the cart.
Ans. P : 45.5 N. .R = 691 N
152 Chapter5 E q u i l i b r iu m

llI,6 The concrete hopper and its load have a combined lllS Tlneelementsof a wall-mounted swing-awaystool are
mass of 4 metric tons (1 metric ton equals 1000 kg) shown in the figure. The hinge pin P fits loosely
with mass center at G and is being elevated at con- through the frame tube, and the frame tube has a
stant velocity along its vertical guide by t'he cable slight clearance between the supports A and B. De-
tension ?. The desigrr calls for two sets of guide roll- termine the reactions on the frame tube at A and B
ers atA, one on each side ofthe hopper, and two sets associatedwith the weight L of an 80-kg petson.Also,
at B. Determine the force supported by each of the calculate the changes in the horizontal reactions at
two pins at A and by each of the two pins at B. C and D due to the same load L. State any
assumptions.

65 mm

65 mm

85 mm

Problem3/38

5/59 The hook wrench or pin spanner is used to turn

'm is required
shafts and collars. If a moment of 80 N
to turn the 20O-mm-diameter collar about its center
O under the action of the applied force P, determine
400 mm the contact force .R on the smooth surface at A' En-
gagement of the pin at B rrraybe considered to occur
Problem 5/56
at the periphery of the collar. Ans.R : 1042 N
5/57 During an engine test on the ground, a propeller
thrust ? : 3000 N is generated on the 1800-kg air-
plane with mass center at G. The main wheels at B
are locked and do not skid; the small tail wheel at A
has no brake. Compute the percent change r¿in the
normal forces at A and B as compared with their "en-
gine-off ' values'
Ans. n¡ : -BZ.6vo,na : 2.2BVo

Problem 5,/39

l/4O In sailing at a constant speed with the wind, the sail-

boat is driven by a 1000Jb force against its mainsail
and a 400-lb force against its staysail as shown. The
total resistance due to fluid friction through the wa-
ter is the force.R. Determine the resultant of the lat-
eral forces perpendicular to motion applied to the
hull bv the water.

Problem3/57
 Article3/l Problems 153

5/41 The car compÌete with driver weighs 1700 lb and

without the two airfoils has a 50Vo-50Vofront-rear
weight distribution at a certain speed at which there
is no lift on the car. It is estimated that at this speed
each of the airfoils A1 and A2wllI generate 400 Ib of
downward force L and 50 Ib of drag lorce D on the
car. Specify the vertical reactions Na and Ns under
the two pairs of wheels at that speed when the air-
foils are added. Assume that the addition of the air-
foils does not affect the drag and zero-lift conditions
Problem 5/40 of the car body itself and that the engine has suffi-
cient power for equilibrium at that speed.The weight
3l4r A portion of the shifter mechanism for a manual car of the airfoils may be neglected.
transmission is shown in the figure. For the 4-lb force Ans. N¡: L20llb (48.0Vo),NB: l2g9lb (52.0Vo)
exertedon the shift knob, determine the corresponding
forceP exertedby the shift linkBC on thetransmission Detail
(not shown). Neglect friction in the ball-and- socket
joint at O, in the joint at B, and in the slip tube near ;T =-
<-
Air flow

support D. Note that a soft rubber bushing at D allows

the slip tube to self-alignwith linkBC. t,
Ang P : 13.14Ib

Problem 5,/43

./44 Determine the external reactions at A and,F for the

roof truss loaded as shown. The vertical loads rep-
resent the effect of the supported roofing materials,
while the 400-N force represents a wind load.
Slip tube
500N
-tl

Problem 5,/41

l/42 A torque (moment) of 24 N.m is required to turn the

bolt about its axis. Determine P and the forces be-
tween the smooth hardened jaws of the wrench and
the corners A and B of the hexagonal head. Assume
that the wrench fits easily on the bolt so that contact
is made at corners A and B onlv.

Ptoblem 5rl44

14T;
{

Problem5/42
 ll4 Chapte5
r Equitibrium

5/45 Calculate the normal forcesassociatedwith the front l/47 The man pushes the lawn mower at a steady speed
and rear wheel pairs of the 1600-kgfront-wheel-drive with a force P that is parallel to the incline. The mass
van. Then repeat the calculations when the van of the mower with attached grass bag is 50 kg with
(ø) climbs a l0-percent grade and (ó) descendsa 10- mass center at G.If 0 : L5", determine the normal
percent grade, both at constant speed.Compute the forces Ns and Ns under each pair of wheels B and
percent changesn4 andn¿ in the normal forces com- C. Neglect friction. Compare with the normal forces
pared with the nominal values. Be sure to recognize for the conditions of 0 : 0 andP : 0.
that propulsive and braking forces are present for Ans. Np : 2L4 N, Nc : 260 N
cases(ø) and (ó). wiih 0 : P = 0:N" : 350N,Nc : 140.1N
Ans. N¡ : 9420 N, Na : 6280 N
( a ) N o : 9 0 3 0 N ( - 4 . L 4 V o )N, B : 6 5 9 0 N ( + 4 . g B E a )
(ó) NÁ = 9710 N (+3.157a),NB : 5900 N (-5.97Vo)
rorß
216

1000

Ptoblem 3/47

1148 Ttre small crane is mounted on one side of the bed of

a pickup truck. For the position 0 : 40o,determine
Problem3/45 the magnitude of the force supported by the pin at O
5 / 46 It is desired that a person be able to begin closing the and the oil pressure p against the 5O-mm-diameter
piston of the hydraulic cylinder BC.
van hatch from the open position shown with a 10-
lb vertical force P. As a design exercise, determine
the necessary force in each of the two hydraulic
struts.4,B. The mass center of the 90-lb door is 1.b
in. directly below point A. Treat the problem as two-
dimensional.

; Hinge axis

- -:'_ _-ùB

Ptoblem 5/48

Problem5/46
 Atticle 5 /5 Problems 155

tlAg The pin A, which connects the 200-kg steel beam 5/51 The cargo door for an airplane of circular fuselage
with center of gravity at G to the vertical column, is section consists of the uniform quarter-circular seg-
welded both to the beam and to the column. To test ment AB of mass ¡n. A detent in the hinge at A holds
the weld, the 80-kg man loads the beam by exerting the door open in the position shown. Determine the
a 300-N force on the rope which passesthrough a moment exerted by the hinge on the door.
hole in the beam as shown. Calculatethe torque (cou- Ans. M¿ : 0.709rngr CCW
ple) M supported by the pin.
A n s . M = 4 . 9 4k N . m C C W

Welded

,roo,o,o-f-uoo 300 mm

Problem5/5t

Problem 3/49 5/52 The rubber-tired tractor shown has a mass of 13.5
Mg with center of mass at G and is used for pushing
5/50 The cargo door for an airplane of circular fuselage or pulling heavy loads. Determine the load P which
section consists of the uniform semicircular cowling the tractor can pull at a constant speed of 5 km/h
AB of mass ¡n. Determine the compression C in the up the l5-percent grade if the driving force exerted
horizontal strut at B to hold the door open in the by the ground on each of its four wheels is 80 per-
position shown. Also find an expressionfor the total cent of the normal force under that wheel. Also find
force supported by the hinge at A. (Consult Table the total normal reaction N6 under the rear pair of
D/3 of Appendix D for the position of the centroid or wheels at B.
mass center of the cowling.)

Problem5/52

Closed position ofB

Problem5/50
 | 56 C h a p t e r5 Equilibrium i

5/55 Pulley A delivers a steady torque (moment) of g00 Ib- 5/55 A slender rod of mass rz1 is welded to the horizontal
in. to a pump through its shaft at C. The tension in edge of a uniform semicylindrical shell of mass rz2.
the lower side of the belt is 150 lb. The driving motor Determine an expression for the angle d with the hor-
B weighs 200 Ib and rotates clockwise. As a desigrr izontal made by the diameter of the shell through mr.
consideration, determine the magnitude R of the (Consult Table D/3 in Appendix D to locate the cen-
force on the supporting pin at O. ter of gravity of the semicircular section.)
Ans.R : 287Lb
Ans.o = ¡ur--rT^mt
TI
2mz

T-
g"

,l

Problem5/55

3/56 When setting the anchor so that ii wilt dig into the
Probtem5/55 sandy bottom, the engine of the 80,000-lb cruiser
with center of gravity at G is run in reverse to pro-
l/54 The receiving unit for a wireless microphone system, duce a horizontal thrust ? of 500 lb. If the anchor
exclusive of the antenna, has a mass of 1100 grams chain makes an angle of 60' with the horizontal, de-
with mass center at G. A single 375-9 half-wave an- termine the forward shift ò of the center of buoyancy
tenna with mass center at C is mounted to the re- from its position when the boat is floating free. The
ceiver at point O as shown. Plot the reaction forces center of buoyancy is the point through which the
atA and B and their sum as functions ofthe antenna resultant of the buoyant forces passes.
angle 0 over the range 0 < e .< 90'. Physically in-
terpret your plot. Treat the problem as two-
dimensional.

Problem5/56
 Article3/5 problems 157

tl57 The uniform 400-kg drum is mounted on a line of center G of the jig by calculating - and 0. Note that
rollers at A and a line of rollers at B. An 80-kg man the mass center of the pipe section is at O.
moves slowly a distance of 700 mm from the vertical Ans.r:367mm,0=79.8'
centerline before the drum begins to rotate. Atl roll-
ers are perfectly free to rotate, except one ofthem at
B which must overcome appreciable friction in its
bearing. Calculate the friction force F exerted by that
one roller tangent to the drum and flnd the magni-
tude -R of the force exerted by all rolìers at A on the
drum for this condition.
A n s . F : 3 0 5 N , , R : 3 7 7 0N

= 480 mm

tþ'"'i'ì"¿ Problem 5/59

> l/60 The lumbar portion of the human spine supports the
entire weight of the upper torso and the force load
imposed on it. We considerhere the disk (shadedred)
between the lowest vertebra of the lumbar region
(L5) and the uppermost vertebra of the sacrum re-
Problem j/57 gton. (ø) For the case -L : 0, determine the com-
pressive force C and the shear force S supported by
l/18 The pipe bender consists of two grooved pulleys this disk in terms of the body weight W. The weight
mounted and free to turn on a fixed frame. The pipe Wu of the upper torso (abovethe disk in question) is
is bent into the shape shown by a force P : 60 Ib. 68Voof the total body weight W'and acts at G1. The
Calculate the forces supported by the bearings ofthe vertical force F which the rectus muscles of the back
pulleys. exert on the upper torso acts as shown in the figure.
(ó) Repeat for the case when the person holds a

"ry weight of magnitude L : W/S as shown. State any

assumptions.
Ans. (a) C : 0.770W.S : 0.66914¡
(b)C = 2.53W,5:2.20W

Problem 3/58

>l/59 A special jig is designed to position large concrete

pipe sections (shown in gray) and consists of an 80-
Mg sector mounted on a line of rollers at A and a Iine
of rollers at B. One of the rollers at B is a gear which
meshes with a ring of gear teeth on the sector so as
to turn the sector about its geometric center O. When
d = 0, a counterclockwisetorque of 2460 N.m must
be applied to the gear at B to keep the assembly from
rotating. When a = 30o,a clockwise torque of 4680
N.m is required to prevent rotation. Locate the mass Problem 3/60