See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/327582977

Design of an Event Based Surveillance System Using Advanced Technology

Article · November 2013

CITATIONS READS

4 42

1 author:

Sunil M P
Jain University
34 PUBLICATIONS   91 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Embedded Systems View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Sunil M P on 12 September 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013

Design of an Event Based Surveillance System

Using Advanced Technology
Sunil MP
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jain University,
Karnataka, India

Abstract— The proposed system is real time Embedded System which is capable of detecting an unauthorized human
intrusion inside an apartment/office or any other protected indoor location and alerting the concerned person of a
break-in, by sending him/her a SMS. Obstacle detector is used for detecting an intrusion, at the same time capturing the
image of the intrusion through JPEG camera and storing it in USB. When the Obstacle detector detects the presence of a
hostile being in the surrounding and sends a corresponding signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller in turn
sends a signal to a JPEG camera(CCGE-0638) which captures the image of the intrusion and a GSM modem(SIMCOMM
SIM300) is used, which sends an alarm message (SMS) to the concerned person, the captured image is then stored in USB.
The person can then see the obstacle which was detected by checking the images captured. The basic idea of this project is
to implement surveillance system with motion detection. The main advantages of the proposed system are cost effective,
high security, simple, easy to use and system with event based controlling mechanism.

Index Terms— Surveillance system, JPEG camera, USB Memory Stick, GSM, Obstacle detector.

I. INTRODUCTION
Humans have always felt very possessive of their belongings. The advancement of civilization witnessed better
and improved means of security system being implemented by humans. Technological revolution of modern age
has resulted in concept of security system finding widespread popularity. One can find latest technological
innovations being employed to protect not only houses but also offices, buildings and warehouses etc. Nobody
likes to be robbed of his precious possessions and hence opting for a secure system makes sense.

A simple way used to indicate the opening of a door or a window or Detect motion can be done via an obstacle
detector. Obstacle detectors are usually designed to provide an indication to an alarm panel in response to detect
IR rays that is indicative of motion of the object. It is the most common detectors found in household and small
business environments because it offers affordable functionality. If someone enters a secured place, immediately
it will detect a motion and sends an alarm to the corresponding user. The user will get to know that something is
happening in the surveillance area. In our design we make use of microcontrollers which takes the obstacle
detector output as its input and which in turn activates the camera and GSM modem and the images taken by the
camera are stored on to the USB. Then the user can connect the USB to computer and view the images.

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Security systems have become necessary nowadays due to the increase in theft rate. The present systems available
in the market doesn’t consists of event based controlling mechanism of camera i.e. the camera present in the
system captures data continuously and keeps storing it, which unnecessarily wastes a lot electronic space. Our
subsystem can prove itself useful in areas where constant surveillance is not needed but certain events should
trigger the capturing process.
The concept was inspired from various such security systems available in the market, but is expensive. This event
based controlling mechanism of camera provides similar facilities at affordable prices and requires less memory
space compared to ones available in the market.
The basic components required to achieve this are a Microcontroller, Obstacle detector, storage medium and
camera. After extensive research found that, PIC from Microchip is the most appropriate microcontroller as it has
all features required to make a system with event based controlling mechanism.
The three main file formats for digital photographs are RAW, JIFF and JPEG. Both RAW and JIFF formats do not
apply any compression to the photo to save space on memory card. When the camera saves a digital photo as a
RAW or JIFF, the photo includes all of the information captured by camera’s image sensor.

451
 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013
JPEG is far more common file format, and it does use compression. It is a much more popular format with the
consumer market because it allows a 128 MB card to store up to a ton of photographs.
To detect the motion, an Obstacle detector which is simple and available at low cost and using USB drive to store
the image captured.

Fig. 1 Functional Block diagram

III. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

A. PIC MICROCONTROLLER
PIC is a family of modified Harvard architecture microcontroller made by Microchip technology, derived
from the PIC1650 originally developed by General Instrument’s Microelectronics Division. The name PIC is
referred to as "Peripheral Interface Controller". PICs are popular with both industrial developers and
hobbyists due to their low cost, wide availability, availability of low cost or free development tools, and serial
programming (and re-programming with flash memory) capability.

Microchip introduced the new PIC32MX family of 32-bit microcontrollers operates at 2.3V to 3.6V supply
voltage with 80 MHz frequency. The initial device line-up is based on the industry standard MIPS32 M4K
Core. The device can be programmed using the Microchip MPLAB C Compiler for PIC32 MCUs.

Communication Interfaces
• USB 2.0-compliant Full-Speed OTG controller
• 10/100 Mbps Ethernet MAC with MII and RMII interface
• CAN module
• Six UART modules (20 Mbps):
• Supports LIN 1.2 protocols and IrDA support
• Up to four 4-wire SPI modules (25 Mbps)
• Up to five I2C modules (up to 1 M baud) with SM Bus support
• Parallel Master Port (PMP)

The main reason for selecting this PIC32MX795F512L family controller is, our design requires three UART
protocol for the interface of JPEG Camera, GSM Modem and Ultrasonic sensor, High Speed USB protocol for the
interface of USB memory Stick.

452
 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013
B. Obstacle Detector-IR Sensor
Obstacle detectors can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments by finding and overcoming obstacles
in their way without continuous human guidance. IR pair is used as sensor to detect the presence of objects. IR
LEDs are used for detecting objects. These two LEDs are capable of transmitting and receiving IR respectively.

Fig. 2 Working of Obstacle Detector

IR LED emits infrared radiation. This radiation illuminates the surface in front of LED. Surface reflects the
infrared light. This reflected light is made incident on reverse biased IR of the obstacle detector. When photons are
incident on reverse biased junction of this diode, electron-hole pairs are generated, which results in reverse
leakage current. Amount of electron-hole pairs generated depends on intensity of incident IR radiation. More
intense radiation results in more reverse leakage current. This current can be passed through a resistor so as to get
proportional voltage. Thus as intensity of incident ray varies, voltage across resistor will vary accordingly.IR LED
is used as a source of infrared rays. It comes in two packages 3mm and 5mm. 3mm is better as it requires less
space. IR sensor is nothing but a diode, which is sensitive for infrared radiation. The pair of infrared transmitter
and receiver is called as IR TX-RX pair.
C. Obstacle Detector-Ultrasonic Sensor
Low cost compact ultrasonic sonar (distance measuring) sensor with up to 3.5-meters range. A host
microcontroller circuit determines distance by triggering the US-100 and then measuring the echo time indicated
by the pulse width output of the sensor. The module automatically sends eight 40 kHz square wave and
automatically detect whether receive the returning pulse signal. If there is a signal returning, through outputting
high level and the time of high level continuing is the time of that from the ultrasonic transmitting to receiving.
The sensor module and its pin description is given below Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 Ultrasonic Sensor US-100 Breakout board

Pin details:
1：VCC
2：Trig (TX)
3：Echo (RX)
4：GND

The ultra sonic sensor is interfaced with UART protocol of PIC controller and it is shown in Fig.4

453
 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013

Fig. 4 Ultrasonic Sensor interface to PIC Microcontroller

D. JPEG Camera:
The term "JPEG" is an acronym for the Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG is a commonly used method of
lossy compression for digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing selectable
tradeoffs between storage size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little
perceptible loss in image quality.JPEG compression is used in a number of image file formats. JPEG is one of the
most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices, it is the most
common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web.
Capture JPEG images and send them via RS232 UART interface. This serial camera module makes it very easy
for your microcontroller circuits to add image capture functions for various applications. VGA 640x480 image
resolution, 115kbps UART rate.

Fig. 5 JPEG camera (CCGE-0638) Breakout board

Fig. 6 JPEG camera interface to PIC Microcontroller

454
 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013
E. GSM modem(sim300)
SIMCOM GSM modem is used to communicate; it operates at a baud rate of 9600bps in standard UART mode
through AT Commands. This GSM Modem can accept any GSM network operator SIM card and act just like a
mobile phone with its own unique phone number. Advantage of using this modem will be that you can use its
RS232 port to communicate and develop embedded applications. Applications like SMS Control, data transfer,
remote control and logging can be developed easily. The modem can either be connected to PC serial port directly
or to any microcontroller. It can be used to send and receive SMS or make/receive voice calls. It can also be used
in GPRS mode to connect to internet and do many applications for data logging and control. In GPRS mode you
can also connect to any remote FTP server and upload files for data logging. This GSM modem is a highly flexible
plug and play quad band GSM modem for direct and easy integration to RS232 applications. Supports features
like Voice, SMS, Data/Fax, GPRS and integrated TCP/IP stack.
This is interfaced to the Microcontroller through serial port is shown in Fig 6. Serial Cable provided has following
pins connected with RS232 level (+12V / -12V) output, Pin 2 is RS232 level TX output ,Pin 3 is RS232 level RX
input and Pin 5 is Ground.

Fig. 7 GSM Modem interface to PIC Microcontroller

AT commands are also known as Hayes AT commands. There are different views to understand the meanings of
“AT”. Some call it “Attention telephone”, whereas others implemented interpret it as “Attention Terminal”
commands. AT commands allow giving instructions to both mobile devices and ordinary landline telephones. The
commands are sent to the phone’s modem, which can be a GSM modem or PC modem. Different manufacturers
may have different sets of AT commands. Fortunately, many AT commands are the same. Mobile device
manufactures may also give attention to operators to allow or not to allow some commands on phones.
Syntax:
Commands always start with AT (which means Attention) and finish with a <CR>character. The <address> field
is the address of the terminal to which the message is sent. To send the message, simply type, <Ctrl-Z> character.
The text can contain all existing characters expect <ctrl-Z> and <ESC>. This command can be aborted using the
<ESC> character when entering text. In PDU mode, only hexadecimal characters are used.
Command syntax in text mode:
AT+CMGS=<da>[,<toda>]<CR>
Text is entered<ctrl-Z/ESC>

TABLE I :AT commands and their response

COMMAND POSSIBLE RESPONSES
AT+CMGS=”+8095324464”<CR> +CMGS:<mr>
Intruder detected, <ctrl-Z> OK

455
 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013
The message reference, <mr>, which is returned to the application, is allocated by the product. This number
begins with 0 and is incremented by one for each outgoing message; it is cyclic on one byte.

IV. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

A. MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software
The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software development. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows® operating
system-based application that contains:
 A single graphical interface to all debugging tools
 Simulator
 Programmer
 In-Circuit Emulator
 In-Circuit Debugger
 A full-featured editor with colour-coded context
B. COMPILER 32
The MPLAB C Compiler for PIC32 is a full-featured ANSI compliant C compiler for Microchip's PIC32 family
of 32-bit microcontrollers. The MPLAB C is a 32-bit Windows console application as well as a fully integrated
component of Microchip’s MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE), allowing source level
debugging with MPLAB’s software and hardware debug engines.

Fig. 8 Flow chart

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 This is our implemented system with GSM modem, jpeg camera and USB drive

456
 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013

 We could see the LED glows whenever the obstacle is detected

 Whenever an obstacle is detected, the host gets a SMS like this ”motion detected image captured and
stored in to the USB Drive”

457
 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013

 This is the complete prototype of a model, which can be placed in Surveillance restricted area

VI. CONCLUSION
A basic model of a security system has been implemented, where in the images captured as a result of intrusion in
the restricted area is stored in USB and can be viewed by connecting the USB to computer. Obstacle detector plays
an important role in this system. Once the obstacle is detected by the detector, the host gets a SMS to his mobile
that intruder has been detected. Whenever an obstacle is detected, an image of the obstacle is captured and an SMS
sent to the host alerting of the host about the obstacle being detected. The image captured is stored in the USB
drive. This system is implemented by considering a restricted area, obstacle detectors are placed outside the

458
 ISSN: 2319-5967
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2013
restricted area. This system is economical, reliable and user friendly. The system can also be extended to real time
video capture when ever their intrusion and also instead of sending SMS, mailing directly the captured image over
internet using GPRS.

REFERENCES
[1] R. Bodor, R. Morlok, and N. Papanikolopoulos, "Dual-camera system for multi-level activity recognition," Proc. of the
IEEE/RJS International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, vol. 1, pp. 643-648, 2004.
[2] He, D.; Hujic, D.; Mills, J.K.; Benhabib, B. "Moving-object recognition using premarking and active vision "; Robotics
and Automation, 1996. Proceedings. 1996 IEEE International Conference.
[3] Haritaoglu I., Harwood D. and Davis L.S., “W4: Real-Time Surveillance of people and their Activities”, Proceedings of
the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Volume 22, no. 8, pp. 809-830, 2000.
[4] Hu W., Tan.T, Fellow, IEEE, Wang L. and Maybank S., “A Survey on Visual Surveillance of Object Motion and
Behaviors”, IEEE Transactions On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics—Part C: Applications And Reviews, Volume 34, no.
3, pp. 334-352, 2004.
[5] Znaz Wafi “Smart Platforms Surveillance System to Enhance Communication in Disaster Environments”, International
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), Vol 5 No 2 Apr-May 2013.
[6] Ashish Tanwer, Muzahid Hussain and Parminder Reel “Deployable Low Cost Outdoor Aerial Surveillance System”,
International Journal of Advancements in Technology (IJOAT) for Vol. 1 No. 1 June 2010 Issue.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Mr. Sunil MP, currently working as an Assistant Professor in the department of Electronics & Communication
Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Karnataka, India. He has received B.E degree
in Electronics and Communication from VTU in 2009. He has received M.Tech degree in Electronics Design and
Technology from National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala in 2011. His research interests include
Embedded Systems Design, Analog and Mixed signal VLSI Design, Ultra-Thin Gate insulators for VLSI
Technologies, RF VLSI Design, Microelectronics System Packaging, Microelectronics, Micro/Nano Sensor
Technology, High-speed CMOS analog/RF-wave integrated circuits and systems.

459
View publication stats