Norsok Z-014

NORSOK STANDARD Z-014
Edition 2, May 2012
Standard cost coding system (SCCS)
This NORSOK standard is developed with broad petroleum industry participation by interested parties in the
Norwegian petroleum industry and is owned by the Norwegian petroleum industry represented by The Norwegian
Oil Industry Association (OLF) and The Federation of Norwegian Industry. Please note that whilst every effort has
been made to ensure the accuracy of this NORSOK standard, neither OLF nor The Federation of Norwegian
Industry or any of their members will assume liability for any use thereof. Standards Norway is responsible for the
administration and publication of this NORSOK standard.
Standards Norway Telephone: + 47 67 83 86 00
Strandveien 18, P.O. Box 242 Fax: + 47 67 83 86 01
N-1326 Lysaker Email: [email protected]
NORWAY Website: www.standard.no/petroleum
Copyrights reserved
NORSOK standard Z-014 Edition 2, May 2012
Foreword 4
Introduction 4
1 Scope 5
2 Normative and informative references 5
2.1 Normative references 5
2.2 Informative references 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 5
3.1 Terms and definitions 5
3.2 Abbreviations 6
4 PBS – physical breakdown structure 6
4.1 Offshore field installations 6
4.2 Landbased installations 85
5 SAB – standard activity breakdown 131
6 COR – code of resources 152
Annex A (Informative) SCCS codes 290
NORSOK standard Page 3 of 325

Foreword
The NORSOK standards are developed by the Norwegian petroleum industry to ensure adequate safety,
value adding and cost effectiveness for petroleum industry developments and operations. Furthermore,
NORSOK standards are, as far as possible, intended to replace oil company specifications and serve as
references in the authorities‟ regulations.
The NORSOK standards are normally based on recognised international standards, adding the provisions
deemed necessary to fill the broad needs of the Norwegian petroleum industry. Where relevant, NORSOK
standards will be used to provide the Norwegian industry input to the international standardisation process.
Subject to development and publication of international standards, the relevant NORSOK standard will be
withdrawn.
The NORSOK standards are developed according to the consensus principle generally applicable for most
standards work and according to established procedures defined in NORSOK A-001.
The NORSOK standards are prepared and published with support by The Norwegian Oil Industry Association
(OLF), The Federation of Norwegian Industry, Norwegian Shipowners‟ Association and The Petroleum Safety
Authority Norway.
NORSOK standards are administered and published by Standards Norway.
Introduction
This NORSOK standard describes a system for coding of cost and weight estimates and as-built/experience
data which has been recognised for some time as standard cost coding system (SCCS).
The SCCS was originally developed in 1989 by the three Norwegian oil companies Norsk Hydro, Saga
Petroleum and Statoil with purpose of standardisation and specification of a cost coding system. The
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) joined the work to ensure consistency between the new standard
and NPD`s requirements for reporting to their INVERS database.
The SCCS is designed to provide a uniform coding basis for the estimate preparation and to serve as a
standard for collecting/collating historical data.
This NORSOK standard has been developed on basis of the SCCS to update, improve and simplify previous
edition no. 2 of the system from 1992 and to open for ownership, input and support from the entire Norwegian
petroleum industry. NPD‟s „Veiledning til PUD/PAD‟, states that cost reporting should be coded according to
SCCS.
Major changes in this edition compared to rev. 2002-10-01 are:
 PBS – physical breakdown structure:

 For AAC the fifth letter code has been deleted. The text is in principle unchanged;
 Codes and descriptions for offshore wind park have been included, PBS AW;
 Code ABR has changed the content, from the abandoned concept conical buoy to circular barge type
substructure;
 Subsea production systems (AD) has been adjusted:
 Workover system and intervention system are removed from tools system and coded separately
within production station (ADA);
 Riser base (ADC) is moved to infield pipelines (ADK);
 Subsea distribution unit (ADO) is segregated and moved to respectively; umbilical (ADE), infield
pipeline (ADK) and power cable (ADL).
 Standard activity breakdown – SAB
No major changes;
 Code of resource – COR:
 Structural bulk COR BNB has been deleted and been included in COR BNA. Text is in principle
unchanged;
 Telecommunication bulk has been implemented as a separate code in COR B. This is implemented in
order to correspond with discipline codes in engineering disciplines and COR E;

 The second code letter in equipment (COR E) is implemented. This code letter is implemented in order
to aggregate COR E code into disciplines, and this code letter corresponds with the second letter
code under engineering disciplines. The third code letter in equipment (COR E) is used to split
discipline into groups of equipment as required.
 For marine operations and logistics COR X, the third letter code has been deleted and some additional
second letter codes are added.
The SCCS is not intended to replace project‟s work breakdown structure (WBS), TAG/system code or
area/module breakdown structure, which are and will remain unique for each separate project. However, this
NORSOK standard is prepared to provide a basis for the establishment of such standardised coding
systems.
This standard is divided into two main sections, one, which presents the coding structures, and one, which
describes the codes in text form.
1 Scope
This NORSOK standard describes a system for coding of cost and weight estimates and as-built/experience
data. The system comprises 3 sets of complementary sub-coding systems named:
 PBS (physical breakdown structure)

 SAB (standard activity breakdown)
 COR (code of resources)
2 Normative and informative references

The following standards include provisions and guidelines which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions and guidelines of this NORSOK standard. Latest issue of the references shall be used unless
otherwise agreed. Other recognized standards may be used provided it can be shown that they meet the
requirements of the referenced standards.
2.1 Normative references

None
2.2 Informative references

None
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this NORSOK standard, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.
3.1 Terms and definitions

3.1.1
shall
verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to this NORSOK standard
and from which no deviation is permitted, unless accepted by all involved parties
3.1.2
should
verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable,
without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily
required
3.1.3
may
verbal form used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of this NORSOK standard
3.1.4
can
verbal form used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical or casual

3.2 Abbreviations
The SCCS consists of three individual hierarchical coding structures each having separate and different
purposes.
 PBS – physical breakdown structure. This hierarchical structure defines the physical/functional
components of «Projects» during any phase of development. The PBS provides a coding structure, which
enables any known oil and gas production and processing facility configuration scheme to be coded. The
structure presented in this manual is independent of project specific area/module/sub-project
classification systems.
 SAB – standard activity breakdown. This hierarchical structure provides a timescale attribute to express
when during the project lifetime, expenditures and activities occur. The structure presented in this manual
is independent of project specific work breakdown structure (WBS) or activity breakdown structures
(ABS). The alphabetical prefix introduces a code for use of SCCS throughout all phases of a project,
from exploration through removal of facilities.
 COR – code of resource. This hierarchical structure classifies all project resources and categorises
resources according to primary, secondary and tertiary levels of resources. This hierarchical structure
also termed code of account (COA) classifies the complete scale of resources involved in developing
offshore and landbased installations.
4 PBS – physical breakdown structure
4.1 Introduction to PBS code
The physical breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure which defines the physical/functional
components of oil and gas facilities/projects during any development phase The PBS structure defined herein
is sought independent of project specific-area/module/preassembly/unit/structure/subproject (as applicable)
classification systems.
This section of the SCCS manual provides PBS codes and code names.
Due to the requirement to provide a unique structure, the PBS defines functional areas as physical areas.
Actual functional areas and systems within areas may vary from project to project, e.g. actual modules/units
may contain functions which combine functional areas and sub areas differently from those defined in the
PBS; in such cases it is advised when required to prepare reports conforming to SCCS codes to re-aggregate
sub areas functions into PBS codes.
The physical breakdown structure is divided into
 A – offshore field installations,

 B – landbased installations.
4.2 Offshore field installations

A – Offshore field installations
Offshore field installations include all types of facilities for petroleum exploitation, support and transportation,
hereunder:
 topsides which may comprise any of a number or combination of functions/facilities like

 drilling,
 wellhead and manifolds,
 processing (incl. compression, injection, etc.),
 utilities,
 quarter/accommodation and helideck,
 flare,
 deck and deck appurtenances.
 substructures required for support of topsides which may comprise any of a number or combination of
structures like
 steel jackets,
 gravity base structures,

 jack-up rigs,
 compliant towers,
 semi submersible structures,
 tension leg platform substructures (TLP),
 ship type structure,
 barge type structure,
 single and multicolumn deep floaters (spar buoys, etc.),
 circular barge type structure,
 artificial seabed.
 drilling and completion of production and injection wells, deploying
 platform installed rig(s),
 tender rig(s),
 mobile rig(s).
 subsea production systems which comprise
 template,
 satellites,
 manifolds,
 control system,
 workover system,
 intervention system,
 subsea separation/booster/injection stations
 control and monitoring systems
 tools systems,
 infield pipelines,
 riser and riser bases,
 umbilical system,
 power cables,
 hybrid risers and riser towers,
 offshore transport systems which comprise
 pipelines and expansion loops,
 pipeline protection and crossings,
 flexible risers and riser bases,
 control systems (umbilical, etc.),
 valve stations/connection points,
 shore approaches (landfall),
 booster stations,
 tie-in to 3rd party facilities,
 local off take systems for offloading and/or storage and local off take to shuttle tankers,
 storage systems,
 cables,
 bridges.
Battery limits are confined to include all offshore facilities required for exploitation, support and transport from
an offshore field to
 landfall for pipeline and cable systems, this includes shore approach via tunnels or at a beach site
(onshore pipelines and cables are covered under PBS B),
 tie-in and modifications to existing 3rd party facilities for receiving, processing and further transport of
products,
 tie-in to existing pipeline systems for transport of products.
PBS A is outlined and coded as follows:
AA Topsides
Topsides are a grouped term for facilities placed above sea level supported by fixed, compliant or buoyant
substructures. Topsides may also be termed topside/topside facilities/production facilities/deck or other
dependant on country/operator terminology.

Topside facilities may have any of a number or combinations of functions/facilities, dependant on

development scheme configurations, such as
 drilling,
 wellhead and manifold,
 processing (incl. compression, injection, etc.),
 utilities,
 quarter/accommodation and helideck,
 flare,
 deck and deck appurtenances,
all of which enable the exploitation of hydrocarbons.
NOTE Descriptions hereunder describe in a hierarchical way:
 main functional areas, e.g. AAA – drilling area,

 sub functional areas, e.g. AAAA – derrick, and for purposes of completeness and clarity functional systems/facilities within sub
areas are further outlined.
System/facilities descriptions hereunder are only intended to provide guidelines for cost coding, as the systems/facilities normally are
designed and laid out differently and uniquely for each development project according to technical and functional requirements,
construction philosophy and project realisation strategies.
Due to this it remains no exact correlation between a system/facility and PBS, as a system/facility may transgress individual physical
areas as defined in this manual. For coding purposes it is suggested that the primary location of tagged equipment for «systems» takes
precedence over installed bulk and steel, i.e. transgressing bulk/steel is coded according to the PBS area through which such bulk
material pass.
Battery limits between topsides and substructures defined in the physical breakdown structure (PBS) are
 jackets (steel piled jackets) – between leg stab-ins forming part of, and extending from, deck/deck frame and connection points with
upper legs of jacket substructure,
 gravity base structures (GBS) – for concrete GBS – between shaft(s) transition ring (steel, concrete or compliant elastomeric
connections) and deck structure. For steel GBS – between leg stab-ins forming part of and extending from deck/deck frame and
connection points with upper legs of internal jacket,
 semi submersibles – between upper columns of semi submersible substructure and deck structure,
 tension leg platforms (TLP) – between upper columns of TLP hull/substructure and deck structure,
 ship and barge type substructures
 all facilities placed at/above or upon main deck level; process units, modules, decks, process piping, utilities and flare system
(topside),
 systems – typically utility and support systems placed within hull, which are required to support production of hydrocarbons and
not considered to form part of vessel storage/distribution system, main propulsion system or marine systems (substructure),
 living quarters for ship and barge type substructures are deemed to be part of the substructure.
 jack-up platforms
 all facilities placed at/above or upon main deck level of the hull; process units, modules, decks, process piping, utilities and flare
system (topside),
 systems – typically utility and support systems placed within hull, which are required to support production of hydrocarbons and
not considered to form part of the hull, main propulsion system or marine systems. Normally there is nil or few such systems
(substructure).
 compliant towers – between leg stab-ins forming part of, and extending from, deck/deck frame and connection points with upper
leg(s) of tower structure. Between transition ring and deck for concrete structures,
 single column deep floaters – between deck structure and transition ring/crushing tubes placed on top of mono column,
 multicolumn deep floater – between the upper columns of the deep floater hull/substructure and the deck structure,
 for artificial seabed, see PBS ABS.

Topside facilities are subdivided and coded as outlined below:
AAA Drilling area
The drilling area is divided into the following subareas:
 derrick – which includes the derrick structure, derrick substructure, drill floor, skid beams and jacks and
drillers offices. The "derrick area" contains structures, equipment and machinery for carrying out the
drilling operation;
 mud handling and drilling utilities – mud handling is a group of systems, which store, mix, transfer,
circulate, recover and treat drilling mud. The systems are used to transport cuttings, cool drill bits and
provide a dense medium to prevent blowouts. Drilling utilities is essential utilities required in support of
drilling operations – e.g. power, compressed air, water, lighting and storage;
 pipehandling – an arrangement to store, handle, move and feed conductor pipes, casing and tubing to
the derrick.
For medium or large topsides normally the derrick tower and a few modules constitute the drilling area. The
area is further outlined and coded in the following:
AAAA Derrick
This code covers the drilling derrick, derrick substructure, drill floor, skid beams and jacks which are used for
drilling and completion of production and injection wells and workover of completed wells.
The derrick is a tower/mast lattice framework structure rising from the derrick substructure positioned above
wellslots in the wellbay area or directly above the wellslots.
The derrick supports the hoisting mechanism – crown and travelling blocks used for raising and lowering
drillstrings. The travelling block is connected to the swivel/kelly, the kelly is attached to the drillstring and
turned by the rotary table. Topdrive systems have also been used in recent years. Drawworks is the hoisting
winch for handling drill pipe, casing and tubing.
Machinery and equipment installed within the derrick area may include
 derrick base/substructure,
 BOP control,
 cathead,
 cat line,
 crown block,
 doghouse/drillers office,
 drawworks,
 drillers console,
 drilling line,
 dynamatic/hydramatic packs,
 elevators,
 fast line,
 gin pole,
 hoisting line,
 hook,
 kelly,
 kelly bushing,
 kelly hose,
 ladders/access,
 line guides,
 derrick mast structure,
 mast lifting line,
 monkey board,
 mousehole,
 piperack (derrick),
 rathole,
 reserve drilling line,

 rotary drive,
 rotary table,
 safety line,
 standpipe,
 swivel,
 swivel springs,
 tongs and travelling block.
AAAB Mud handling and drilling utilities
This code covers mud handling and drilling utilities systems/facilities:
Mud handling
The mud systems comprise mud pumps, mud tanks, mud lines and circulating hoses. The systems,
operating through continuous circulation of mud, have several functions:
 removal of drill cuttings from the drill bit;

 cool and lubricate the drill bit and plastering borehole walls;
 provide a dense medium to prevent flow of water, oil and gas into the wellbore thus preventing blowouts.
Mud is a suspension of clays in water or oils; a mixture where bentonite is dosed with barite to increase
density. The mud systems are divided into
 mud preparation, which includes bulk storage, distribution and mixing,

 mud pumps,
 mud recovery and treatment system,
 reserve-storage pits and hoppers.
Machinery and equipment installed in the mud handling systems may include
 burner boom,
 centrifuges,
 chemical dosers,
 compounds storage,
 cyclones,
 drill cuttings disposal,
 desanders/desilters,
 degassers,
 discharge lines,
 mud mixing bins/hoppers,
 mud-bulk storage,
 mud-gas separators,
 mud guns,
 mud hoppers,
 mud-lines,
 mud logging unit,
 mud mixers,
 mud mixing plant,
 mud pressure control,
 pump drivers,
 pumps – mud mixing,
 pumps – mud circulation,
 reserve pit/bins,
 sand settling bin/pit,
 shale bin/pits,
 shale shaker,
 storage-bulk barite,
 storage-liquid mud,
 storage mud additives,
 suction lines,

 suction bin/pit,
 water storage and supporting structures.
Drilling utilities
Drilling area utilities are required to support the drilling operation and comprise of such as
 accumulators,
 air compressors,
 drill tool storage,
 engine drivers,
 fuel lines,
 fuel tanks,
 power generators,
 oil and grease storage,
 tool house,
 trip tanks,
 water storage and reticulation,
 plant lighting.
AAAC Pipe handling
Pipe handling is a system adjacent to the drilling derrick used for storage, retrieving and handling of casing
and conductor pipe and tubing.
The pipe handling system comprises
 piperacks for storage,

 piperack floor (normally part of weatherdeck),
 catwalk,
 ramp and associated structural components.
The system is confined to the interface with the derrick structure and handles pipes from piperacks through
catwalk and up pipe ramps whereupon pipes are stacked/stored in the derrick piperack (see PBS AAAA).
Fully automated pipe handling systems have in later years been used for offshore projects.
AAB Wellhead and riser area
The function of the wellhead and riser area is to receive wellstream from the production riser systems for
further distribution to separation systems, receive and distribute treated water from water injection system for
injection into reservoir(s) and receive separated gas for reinjection into reservoir(s) or gas for gas lift.
This code is subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
AABA Wellhead area
Wellhead area or wellbay area is located below the derrick/derrick substructure. The lower decking of the
area is fabricated with wellslots/covers for later drilling and completion of wells.
Functional systems within the wellhead area/wellbay include
 drilling and well control systems,

 production systems,
 production stimulation systems,
 chemical injection systems,
 systems within the wellbay area related to subsea production.
Manufactured equipment/facilities installed in the wellhead area or related to wellhead area are such as
 surface wellheads,
 X-mas trees,
 emergency shut down system,

 production manifold,
 test manifold,
 water injection manifold,
 mechanical handling equipment,
 fire and safety systems,
 controls,
 blow-out preventer.
See: X-mas trees installed topside will normally be part of drilling and completion's budget, see PBS AC.
AABB Riser area
In the riser area the risers are connected to the topsides facilities. Included are facilities/systems in support of
the risers (risers not included) in the riser area – riser balcony for floaters – with riser tensioner/heave
compensators for floating structures, connectors, etc.
Some of the components mentioned under the previous code (PBS AABA) may be installed in the riser area.
For rigid and preinstalled risers, see codes under PBS AB. For flexible risers, see codes under PBS AD and
AE for flowline and transport pipeline risers respectively.
AAC Process and utilities
Functional systems/facilities within the process and utilities area consist of
 process,
 process support,
 electrical power,
 platform utility.
As outlined and subcoded below.
For medium and large topsides process and utilities will consist of different modules. If a module covers
major parts of more than one PBS code below, the PBS level above should be applied.
AACA Process
This code is dedicated to the treatment of produced gases, fluids and sand.
The purpose of the process function as defined hereunder, is to
 separate the well stream into oil, gas, water and sand,
 stabilize oil to required temperature and pressure,
 process gas to specified quality: for sales gas and – where required – for injection and/or gas lift,
 treat produced water and – where required – water for injection.
The main gas oil separation plant process consists of separation train(s) for separation of oil, gas, water and
sand from the wellstream and is further divided into systems for gas treatment, oil treatment and water
treatment as outlined and coded in the following.

Separation
Test separation and separation and stabilisation:
Test separation
The function of the test separation system is to receive wellstream from individual wells via the test manifold
and test each well for production performance: i.e. throughput, gas/oil ratio, water produced and sand
content. Products after test separation are fed into the production separation and stabilisation train(s):
Separation and stabilisation

The production separation train(s) separate wellstream into gas, liquid hydrocarbons and free water. The gas
passes to gas treatment systems for NGL recovery and free water is passed to the oily water treatment
system. Produced oil, after stabilisation to required temperature vapour pressures, is transferred to crude
treatment systems for dehydration, de-emulsification and paraffin removal.
Production separation train(s) comprise of dual or multi-phase horizontal separators connected in series
(stages) to successively separate water and free associated gas from the crude oil stream. Individual
separator operating pressures are reduced during each stage prior to dehydration.
Gas treatment
Under normal operation all produced gas in excess of that required to meet platform fuel demand and for
flare line purging is compressed and either exported to the gas pipeline system, used for gas lift or reinjected
into the reservoir for secondary recovery, gas drive, etc. The gas treatment function contains systems, which
in part comprise the main processing system:
 gas recompression, cooling and scrubbing;

 dehydration and regeneration;
 gas conditioning;
 gas sweetening;
 gas pipeline compression, metering and transfer;
 gas injection;
 gas lift.
As outlined in the following:
Gas recompression, cooling and scrubbing

The function of this system is to successively compress and cool produced gas from separators and remove
liquids (NGL and water) from the gas stream. Recovered natural gas liquids are normally spiked into the oil
stream, and water is removed in the dehydration system. Dry gas meeting the hydrocarbon and dewpoint
control specification is passed to either compression for reinjection into the reservoir system or to the gas
pipeline compression, metering and transfer system. Gas not meeting specification is passed to the gas
conditioning and sweetening system prior to pipeline compression, metering and transfer.
Dehydration and regeneration

The function of this system is to remove water/contaminants from the gas stream (moisture/water is removed
to prevent hydrate formation within pipelines), retard corrosion and to prevent condensation. Dehydration is
achieved by
 absorption, where liquid absorbents are used, e.g. glycol (TEG, DEG, MEG),
 adsorption, using packed/trayed towers with active adsorbents, e.g. alumina, silica,
 condensation by cooling/refrigeration. Absorption and adsorption methods require regeneration of
absorbents and adsorbents.
Gas conditioning
Systems used for/to treat and condition gas to meet hydrocarbon specification of the gas product, may
include stripping of gas stream or dosing to achieve specification.
Gas sweetening
Processes used for the removal of acid gases: hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide (CO 2) and other from gas
streams. Raw gas is scrubbed in packed/trayed absorber columns, and the removed acid gas solution is
stripped by regeneration.

Gas pipeline compression, metering and transfer

Gas meeting specification from foregoing systems is compressed to pipeline export pressure, metered, and
transferred into the pipeline system. The system includes also normally pig launchers/receivers for transfer.
For transport pipelines, see PBS AE with subcodes.
Gas injection
Gas injection includes separate topside systems and facilities for secondary recovery of product or storage;
gas recycling, gas drive, miscible flooding and for reinjection into reservoir(s) for storage and/or later
production:
 gas recycling/cycling – gas recycling/cycling is a technique used to increase production of natural gas
liquids (NGL) from gas/condensate reservoirs. NGL is recovered from the produced wet gas stream in
the gas treatment plant, dry gas is recycled, compressed and reinjected into reservoir(s) via gas injection
wells where further NGL is absorbed;
 gas drive – produced gas is injected into the reservoir gas cap and used as a drive mechanism for oil
production;
 miscible flooding – miscible flooding is used in conjunction with oil production. Wet gas (propane) and in
some cases carbon dioxide and nitrogen are injected together with dry gas into the reservoir. The gases
act as solvents reducing oil viscosity and swell within the reservoir improving mobility of the oil in place;
 gas injection for storage – gas injection for storage is used where pipeline offtake is not available, where
phased production is adopted or where gas production is not considered economically feasible. Also
relevant for CO2 injection for underground storage.
Gas lift
Gas lift is the introduction of produced gases at high pressure into individual wellbores to assist oil flow to the
surface.
The system includes the gas supply header, piping from header to each well and all associated bulk items
(topside located components). The system excludes gas lift completion equipment (part of drilling and
completion costs, see PBS ACC) and gas compression facilities.
Gas injection and gas lift do not include costs related to wells, non-dedicated gas injection compressors and
installations in the wellhead area.
Oil treatment
The oil treatment function as defined hereunder, contains systems which in part or wholly comprise the main
processing system after separation:
 crude cooling;
 crude treatment – dehydration, de-emulsification and paraffin removal;
 crude handling, pumping, metering and transfer.
As further outlined in the following:
Crude cooling
To suit requirements for offshore storage it may be necessary to cool the crude oil stream to specified
maximum temperatures. Cooling to required temperatures may be achieved by the use of crude cooling heat
exchangers within the separation train between the last separation stages.

Crude treatment
Crude treatment includes crude dehydration, de-emulsification and paraffin removal. The stabilised crude
delivered from the last stage of separation will normally contain minor amounts of free water, oil/water
emulsion and paraffin. Removal of such may be by use of mechanical, chemical, electrical or thermal means
or combinations thereof to remove emulsified water and/or paraffin.
Crude handling, pumping, metering and transfer

Crude oil meeting specification is transferred from the dehydrator/coalescer to
 offshore storage system for later local offtake, pumping, metering and transfer to shuttle tankers,
 export pipeline pumps, pig launcher/receiver, oil metering skid and pipeline transfer piping to pipeline
system.
Water treatment
The water treatment function as defined hereunder, consists of
 oily water treatment,

 water injection.
As outlined below.
For systems for seawater, ballast water, fresh water, hot water, fire water and sewage, see under PBS
AACD.
Oily water treatment

Oily water treatment includes treatment of: produced water, reclaimed water, sludge and bilge/ballast water.
The system collects produced water from separators, test separator(s) and coalescer/dehydrator, recovers
oily water from ballast/bilge systems and open/closed drain systems for separation of oil from water.
Recovered oil is pumped into the oil separation train(s), gas is normally vented through the flare/vent system
and water is either used for injection water or discharged into the sea.
Water injection
Water injection (water flooding) is a production technique, which injects under high pressure filtered and
treated seawater, water from aquifer wells and/or produced water into reservoir(s) for the purposes of
pressure maintenance. Water injection can be used early in the production phase to supplement natural
water drive or employed in a secondary recovery phase.
Seawater/produced water/aquifer water is taken from the platform service water system/well system and
stripped of dissolved oxygen. Deaerated water is pumped via filtration units to water injection pumps, and
injection water is transferred to water injection wells.
The water injection system comprises of such as
 deaeration unit:
 deaerators, i.e. vertical cylindrical vessel(s) which operate at full vacuum;
 inert gas/catalyst stripping systems (Minox-deoxygenation).
 deaerator pumps:
 booster pumps which discharge to water injection filters;
 deaerator vacuum pumps.
 filter plant – a number of vessels containing filter elements for particle removal,
 water injection pumps – a number of multistage centrifugal pumps,
 chemical dosing associated with injection water; e.g. antifoam, oxygen scavenger, biocide, filteraid and
antiscale.
Excluded are costs related to wells and installations in the wellhead area.
AACB Process support
Process support as defined hereunder covers systems required in a more direct support of the main
processes (see PBS AACA), and includes such as

 cooling and refrigeration.

 heating systems,
 chemical injection systems,
 flare, vent and blow-down system,
 fuel gas system.
For support systems of a more general platform utility character, i.e. utilities serving the total platform facilities
generally, see PBS AACD.
Cooling and refrigeration
 cooling medium system – provides a medium to remove excess heat from process plant equipment and
machinery and for cooling produced crude and/or gas,
 refrigeration systems – the systems are used in combination with gas dehydration for water removal,
and/or for stripping of natural gas liquids.
Heating systems
Heating systems include heating medium system/hot oil system. Heating medium system provides heat
recovered from turbine waste heat recovery exchangers, recovered from cooling medium system or heat
generated by other means e.g. electrically to support production; i.e. for crude oil and gas heating, glycol
regeneration, storage purposes and HVAC systems. The heating medium is normally circulated hot oil.
Chemical injection systems

Includes chemical treatment necessary to supplement the performance of the various mechanical processes
involved in production processes. The chemicals are used for different purposes such as
 de-emulsification,
 antifoam,
 reverse emulsion,
 anti-hydrate,
 pour point depressant,
 biocide,
 formation anti-scale,
 oxygen scavenger,
 filter aid,
 deaerator anti-foam,
 CO2 corrosion inhibitor,
 methanol and chlorinators.
Flare, vent and blow-down system

Includes
 liquid blow-down,
 vapour blow-down,
 gas blow-down and blow-down drums.
Under operation all produced gas will be compressed and either exported to the gas pipeline or reinjected
into the reservoir. Under emergency conditions the whole of the gas produced on the platform plus
blow-down from the gas compression plant must be diverted and flared by the flare system flare stack/boom.
The system hereunder does not include relief valves, flare structure, tip or piping within structure (see PBS
AAF).
Fuel gas system

The fuel gas system treats and distributes produced gas for use as fuel gas for such as
 gas turbine driven electrical power generators,

 gas turbine driven compressors, -water injection pumps and -export pumps,
 gas driven reciprocating power generators,
 heaters,
 flare pilots/ignition panels,
 starting gas,

 mud burning,
 purge gas for vents and headers.
For diesel and aviation fuel systems, see PBS AACD.
AACC Electrical power
Electrical power comprise
 power generation,
 power distribution and control.
As outlined under the following subcodes:
Power generation
Power generation provides electricity, hereunder main power and emergency power, to the platform facilities.
Power generation includes the major generating sets like
 main gas turbine driver units (e.g. 13.8 kVA/6.0 kVA units) with couplings, alternators, control units, lube
oil units, coolers, fuel supply headers, filters, scrubbers and inlet/exhaust ducting,
 emergency generator units (normally diesel driven) complete with couplings, alternators, controls, coolers
and fuel supply system.
Power distribution and control
The power distribution and control system centrally controls power generation to ensure correct voltage and
frequency for distribution to local power consumers and lighting consumers.
The power distribution and control system includes such as
 central generator controls for load shedding and sharing,

 transformers,
 buses,
 switchboards, to consumers, etc.,
 converters and similar for DC power e.g. from land,
 cabling between switchboards,
 lighting/domestic power,
 industrial power,
 earthing/grounding systems emergency lighting,
 signal lighting for aircraft,
 DC-UPS uninterruptible power supply,
 cathodic protection wiring and panels,
 switchgear rooms/motor control centers,
 fire and safety systems required in area, and
 mechanical handling equipment.
AACD Platform utilities
This code includes utilities of a more general character; i.e. utilities serving the total platform facilities (and not
primarily the production processes).
Included are platform utility systems/facilities as defined hereunder:
 heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC),

 water treatment (ballast water, fire water, etc.),
 steam and condensate system,
 main control room facilities,
 open and closed drains,
 dry bulk loading,

 fluid bulk loading,

 fuel treatment (diesel and aviation fuel),
 compressed air systems,
 inert gas,
 hydraulic power,
 workshops and storage,
 other utilities.
For utility-like systems primarily for process support, see PBS AACB.
The systems/facilities are outlined in the following:
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)

HVAC systems provide
 forced ventilation of enclosed platform areas/modules; removes hydrocarbon laden air, replenishes fresh
air,
 heating for enclosed platform areas,
 air conditioning for local control rooms, offices and amenities rooms.
HVAC system is normally centralised with HVAC system equipment and units installed in utility
modules/preassemblies for platform distribution.
HVAC systems comprise such as
 air conditioning units,

 fans,
 air heater coils,
 filter/coalescer,
 separators,
 duct attenuators,
 shut-off dampers,
 control dampers,
 fire and gas dampers,
 backflow dampers,
 grilles and bulk ductwork,
 piping,
 instrumentation and electrical supply.
Water treatment (ballast water, fire water, etc.)

Water treatment hereunder includes:
 water supply,
 treatment,
 collection,
 transfer and reticulation.
Systems included hereunder are:
 seawater systems – low/medium/high pressure seawater including seawater lift, supply to water injection
header and jet water/service washdown,
 ballast water systems – including permanent and temporary ballast water systems,
 fresh water system – this system provides fresh water for human consumption. It may also provide water
for sanitary systems and for fire main pressure maintenance,
 hot water system – this system provides hot water for e.g. sanitary purposes,
 fire water system – this system supplies and distributes seawater for fire control. The fire water system is
independent of all other systems except for pressurization of the fire water header by the sea water
supply system during non-emergency conditions,

 sewage treatment system – this system handles, treats and disposes waste from e.g. toilets, urinals,
showers, wash basins and kitchen sinks.
For oily water treatment, see PBS AACA.
Steam and steam condensate systems
 Steam system – steam can be generated as a by-product through heat exchange, waste heat recovery or
directly by steam generation. Steam systems are divided into high pressure, medium pressure and low
pressure systems.
High pressure (HP) steam is normally generated by waste heat recovery units and/or separate boilers and is
used primarily as the driving medium for steam turbines and generators. The system is normally considered
for combined cycle application.
Medium pressure (MP) steams forms part of combined cycle applications and may be used as source for
process heating.
Low pressure (LP) steam is generated by waste heat recovery and is normally used for plant heating
purposes both for e.g. space heating and as feed for steam tracing systems.
 Steam condensate system – the function of this system is steam condensate collection and recycling by
means of a steam regeneration unit/package prior to feedback into the steam supply and distribution
system.
Main control room facilities

Included hereunder are systems/facilities in connection with the main control room, which normally is located
in the utility area (in a safe zone).
The control room houses the computer for process and facilities monitoring and control (CPC) and the central
instrument and communication hardware.
The CPC facilities gather and store e.g. production data, write reports, produce graphs, and perform process
and production calculations. They supervise, but do not control the operations. Control is exercised by the
operators who indicate the instrumentation set points.
The main CPC facilities can be located offshore or onshore. If offshore, the platform will have computer and
input/output stations. If the CPC facilities are onshore, a remote terminal unit (RTU) and an input/output
station will be on the platform. The RTU automatically assembles data and relays the data to the onshore
facilities. The onshore CPC facilities are accessed through the platform's input/output station.
Included are the control room facilities and if required input/output stations, RTU (onshore CPC system), or
CPC computer (offshore CPC system), as well as components for control, communications and navigational
aids; intra platform communication and communication with shore, vessels, helicopters, etc. This may include
components like
 alarms – emergency horns, bells, etc.,

 microwave radio receiver/transmitter,
 radio – UHF/VHF aviation/marine radio and radio telephone,
 telephone exchange – handsets/telephones, switchboard, etc.,
 public address – speakers and transmitter,
 paging – UHF personal beepers,
 hand transceivers,
 MF beacon – radio beacon for aircraft,
 portable load speakers,
 portable signal lamps,
 radar meteorological measurement,
 television monitors,
 aircraft visual aids,
 entertainment public address – speakers, transmitter, tape recorder, etc.,
 navigational aids,

 centralized clock.
Open and closed drains

The systems included are
 open deck water drains which collect and handle rain water and wash down fluids,
 atmospheric hydrocarbon closed drains which collect fluids from leakage or spillage,
 pressurized closed drainage systems for collection of oily water emulsion for further treatment in the
produced water system (see PBS AACA).
Dry bulk loading

Systems required for offloading from supply vessels, etc., of dry bulk material required during the production
and operation period. The systems may be containerised for lifting/storage of chemicals, mud, provision and
other, or may be transferred by other means.
Fluid bulk loading

Systems for offloading from supply vessels, etc. of liquid bulk material required during the production and
operation period. The systems may be by hose transfer or containerised for lifting by platform cranes. The
fluids to be loaded may be diesel fuel, liquid chemicals, water, drilling fluids, liquid gases, etc.
Fuel treatment
Included are systems for treatment of liquid fuels:
 aviation fuel – this system provides storage and pumping of helicopter fuel;
 diesel fuel – this system provides storage, pumping and distribution of diesel fuel. The fuel may be used
for drivers in connection with e.g. the crude pumping, chemical storage and injection, cranes, electric
power generation, instrument air, fire water pumping and the drilling facilities.
For fuel gas system, see PBS AACB.
Compressed air systems

Compressed air systems include plant utility air and instrument air systems:
Instrument air systems are air supply systems used for pneumatically controlled and actuated
instruments/components e.g. flow, level, pressure and temperature instruments, control valves and control
panels.
Plant utility air systems provide compressed air for air operated tools, air driven motors/drivers for starting
e.g. turbine units.
Compressed air systems include electrical/diesel driven air compressors, receiving surge vessels, air dryers
and distribution header. Compressed air may also be generated from turbine bleeding.
Inert gas
Includes facilities for chemically un-/non-reactive gases used for e.g.
 active fire protection – e.g. nitrogen, carbon dioxide, stored in bottle banks and used as blanket gas for
extinguishing fires,
 diving gases – helium and argon stored in bottles and mixed with air to provide diver-breathing gases for
hyperbaric diving operations.
Hydraulic power
A system for generating, transmission and control of hydraulically operated equipment such as
 emergency shutdown valves (ESD),

 sub surface safety valves (SSSV),
 wing valves,
 oil and gas process train valves,
 remotely operated valves via umbilicals,
 automatic shutdown system,
 shear rams,

 hydraulic motors and linear motion rams.
Power is generated both hydraulic power units (HPU), which may be combined within a general hydraulic
supply system or having separate integrity with emergency power back-up (UPS).
Workshops and storage

Fabricated and equipped compartments for storage of materials and for maintenance of facilities during
production and operations phase. Included are structures, units, containers, workshop equipment, handling
equipment and storage areas/systems.
Fire and safety systems

Fire and safety systems required and located within the process and utilities areas for personnel safety,
active fire protection, escape and personnel safety.
Other utilities
Includes other platform utility systems/facilities not covered previously.
AAD Living quarter
Permanent living quarter (LQ) provides space for bedrooms, kitchen, cafeteria, laundry, recreation rooms,
offices, etc. Living quarters are self-contained when towed out and include facilities for distribution of fire
water, potable water, sewage, power, and facilities for fire detection, communication, HVAC, etc.
For ship and barge type production platforms, the living quarter is deemed to be part of the substructure and
is to be PBS coded under ABM and ABN respectively.
AAE Helideck
The helideck provides an open surface away from obstructions for landing of helicopters. The helideck is
usually supported above the living quarter by a steel structure, and it is equipped with light and other
outfitting.
AAF Flare
The flare boom is generally a truss-type structure cantilevered horizontally or at a slight upward angle of the
well end of a platform. Flare towers are also truss-type structures installed on the top deck of a platform, or
may be freestanding adjacent from the platform. The purpose of a flare tower or flare boom system is to burn
gases at a safe distance from the platform.
The code includes such as
 flare structure,
 flame front generator,
 snuffing equipment,
 piping in structure,
 flare tip.
The flare tip typically consists of a burner, pilot, fluid seal and inlet flange. The flame may be ignited by
shooting, and devices for this are also to be included hereunder.
The system excludes relief collection piping and scrubbers.
In the case of a freestanding flare tower located adjacent to the platform, the substructure (i.e.structure from
seabed and up to about bridge level or similar) is to be PBS coded under ABA or ABB (in the case of jacket
or GBS ("bottle") type substructure). For bridges, see PBS AEJ.
AAG Deck appurtenances
Includes all purpose built support facilities not related to a specific physical area of a topside, such as
 lifeboat stations,
 cranes,

 mooring winches,
 other deck appurtenance.
As outlined and coded in the following:
AAGA Lifeboat stations
Includes stations for lifeboats and rafts, complete with support structure, davits or equivalent, lifeboats and
rafts, machinery, etc.
The support structure may be an integrated part of the deck (see PBS codes under AAH).
AAGB Cranes
Included are platform cranes. Most applied are cranes of pedestal type, but other types may be relevant.
Pedestal cranes are sleeving/revolving cranes with fabricated steel pedestals/columns, which are placed
on/within or incorporated in deck structures.
Pedestal cranes are typically used for platform service – movement of material onboard and offloading of
material delivered by supply vessels. Pedestal cranes may be electrically and/or hydraulically
operated/powered, and the cranes normally range from 6 tonnes to 50 tonnes lifting capacity.
For crane pedestal support structure being part of the deck (integrated), PBS codes under AAH apply. For
gantry crane for FPSO turret servicing, see PBS ABMCB.
AAGC Mooring winches
This code covers mooring winches located in the topside area and includes winches, drivers, controllers and
accessories.
Mooring winches located on a substructure are deemed to be PBS coded under substructure (see PBS AB
codes). For mooring winches in FPSO turret, see PBS ABMCC.
AAGD Other deck appurtenances
Includes deck appurtenances other than previously listed, such as separate hoists, stairtowers, etc.
For bridges, see PBS AEJ.
AAH Deck structure
Included in this code are all main structures designed for support of topside facilities which could be in the
form of prefabricated modules for lifting onto the deck structure or preassembled packages/pancakes for
installation on the deck structure. The deck structure is supported by a substructure (GBS, jacket, etc., see
PBS AB). Battery limits are defined under PBS code AA Topsides.
Deck structure as defined hereunder can either be a steel frame constructed as an open truss design which
combined with infill structures, forms a complete deck structure, or a complete deck structure built up by plate
girders, stiffeners/bulkheads and other plated construction. Alternatively, the deck structure may consist of
single beams/girders, constructed of steel or concrete.
Primarily the code shall include the main structure itself, being steel or concrete. All functional items related to
process, utility or support systems, etc., are in general to be coded within the relevant PBS AA codes.
The deck structure is subdivided and coded as outlined below.
AAHA Open truss
The open truss is constructed by prefabricated boxes and nodes, welded profiles and/or standard profiles. It
will include connection arrangement to the substructure, installation/lifting attachments and may have minor
structural outfitting such as walkways, ladders, integrated supports, etc.

AAHB Plated/plate girder
This deck structure consists of single plate-constructed girders or a frame constructed by prefabricated plate
girders and plated deck constructions for installation of pre-assembled packages/pancakes. It will include
connection arrangement to substructure, support/lifting attachments and may have minor structural outfitting
such as ladders and walkways, integrated supports, etc.
For jack-up rigs, the “hull” is considered part of the substructure and included under PBS ABCA.
AAHC Concrete beams
This code includes single girders constructed in concrete. May include outfitting steel items as gangways and
ladders for access.
AAHD Load transfer frame (LTF)
The frame is normally installed on top of a steel jacket, steel GBS or compliant tower for transfer of deck
loads to the substructure in particular cases. It is built as a steel space frame (cone shaped) from standard or
prefabricated profiles, including stabs for connection to substructure.
AB Substructures
The code includes all types of substructures normally designed for support of topside facilities. Battery limits
are defined under the PBS code AA, topsides. Jacket and GBS substructures may also be applied as
substructures for free standing flare towers.
The substructure may be constructed of steel or concrete, resting on seabed by its own weight with or without
skirts/piled to the seabed, resting on bucket foundations or as in the case of floaters, held in position by
means of anchors or tethers. Substructures may be equipped with product storage facilities,
In addition to the substructure itself and the piling/foundation system, the code also includes mooring and
tethering systems, risers integrated in the structure (preinstalled), turrets and temporary outfitting for
installation purposes.
ABA Jacket
A bottom founded fabricated steel structure. This structure may have three or more legs and can be either
self-floated, barge launched or derrick barge placed.
The jacket will normally be fabricated and installed in one unit, but may be split in a lower and an upper
section.
The jacket is subdivided and PBS coded as outlined in the following:
ABAA Jacket structure
Includes the legs and bracings constructed of steel tubulars and assembled by prefabricated leg nodes and
bracing nodes, normally fit with sleeves and guiding structure for piles. Also including mudmats/skirts or
bucket foundations and required framing/guides for production related outfitting within the structure. The
structure is subdivided and coded as follows:
ABAAA Leg tubulars
All straight tubulars and conical transitions for legs including internal stiffeners.
ABAAB Bracing tubulars
All straight tubulars and conical transitions, vertical and horizontal bracings included internal stiffeners if
applicable.
ABAAC Bracing nodes

Nodes or cans for vertical and horizontal bracings.
ABAAD Pile sleeves/mudmats
Pile sleeves
Tubulars which the piles are to be stabbed through. Gathered together to «pile clusters» and located at the
bottom of each corner leg of the jacket.
Mudmats
Plane area underneath the leg/pile cluster to prevent excessive jacket penetration into the soil. Sometimes
with skirts.
ABAAE Pile guides
Short tubulars with funnel-shaped top to guide the piles during piling operation. Normally located on each leg
at certain elevations.
ABAAF Conductor framing
Horizontal framing with conductor guides within the jacket structure.
ABAAG Leg nodes
Nodes or cans for leg sections produced of steel plates, cast steel or forged steel.
ABAAH Bucket foundations
Bucket foundations (used instead of piling and mudmats) are normally prefabricated assemblies connected
to the legs at the jacket yard.
The assemblies include plates and stiffeners, preinstalled accessories, transition piece/assembly and often
part of the leg.
ABAB Outfitting
Includes all permanent outfitting related to the jacket, such as walkways, ladders and systems used for
installation purposes e.g. mooring, ballasting, flooding, pumping, venting, grouting and instrumentation
systems, which may be of permanent nature. Outfitting is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ABABA Installation system
Anchors, chains and mooring and ballasting systems necessary to ensure exact positioning above an already
installed and predrilled template. Also included are permanent systems (incl. instrumentation) for bucket
foundations related to installation (e.g. venting, pumping etc.); normally permanent, but some of it may be
removed after installation.
ABABB Flooding and grouting
Pipes, valves and electrical cables for flooding and grouting purpose usually placed in caissons outside the
jacket legs. This outfitting is normally permanent, but some of it may be removed after installation.
ABABC Walkways/ladders
Walkways, stairs, ladders and similar applied to the structure.
ABAC Temporary outfitting
Includes temporary arrangements used for installation purposes; floating tanks, installation control devices,
lift appurtenances, and temporary systems for bucket foundation; i.e. arrangements, etc., which will be
removed after jacket installation. They are subgrouped and coded as follows:

ABACA Auxilliary buoyancy
Floating tanks and clamps for fastening to the jacket legs. Tanks including clamps to be removed after jacket
installation.
ABACB Floating and up-ending control system
Control capsule containing instruments to control the floating and installing operation of the jacket. The
capsule is normally placed at the top of the jacket and is removed after jacket installation.
ABACC Lift appurtenances
Lifting devices to aid installation of structures.
ABACD Systems for bucket foundations
Temporary systems (or parts of systems) for bucket foundations not covered by previous ABAC codes.
The items are to be removed after jacket installation, such as pumping units, instrumentation, control units,
flexible hoses etc.
ABAD Piles
Piles/followers are tubulars made from steel plates, stabbed into the soil through the legs (leg piles) or
through the pile guides/pile sleeves (skirt piles) to transfer forces from the structure to the soil.
ABAE Risers/J-tubes and caissons
Risers and J-tubes are pipes, which extend from the wellhead or other surface areas through guides to the
jacket base area or to a preinstalled subsea wellspacer/drilling template.
Preinstalled parts of risers and J-tubes are part of the substructure.
Export/import risers – may be installed in jacket structure conductor frames/guides prior to installation
(preinstalled) or at field location.
J-tubes – conduits extending from surface facilities down jacket structure guide frames and exiting via long
radius bends to the mudline/seabed for later pull-in of flowlines, pipelines, umbilical and cables.
Production risers – tie-back strings transfer wellstream from e.g. a subsea well spacer/drilling template to
surface facilities, used for predrilled wells.
Also included hereunder are caissons for protection of small pipes.
Conductors are to be regarded as belonging to PBS code AC Wells.
The PBS ABAE outfitting is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ABAEA Production risers
Production risers transfer wellstream from e.g. a subsea placed well spacer/drilling templates to surface
facilities.
Also included hereunder are injection risers which transfer treated water for injection or transfer gas for
reinjection from wellbay manifolds to e.g. the subsea well spacer/drilling template.
See also explanation under the code following below:

ABAEB Export risers
Pipes, rigid or flexible, extending from either subsea riser bases or from subsea mechanical/hyperbaric tie-in
point to surface facilities‟ import/export manifold connections for import/export of oil and gas. Risers may in
general be
a) preinstalled forming part of jacket structure outfitting, routed through conductor frames/guides in the
jacket structure,
b) post-installed,
c) be pulled through J-tubes installed in jacket structure.
Risers of category b) and/or c) are deemed to be covered for under PBS codes AD Subsea production
system and AE Transport systems, e.g. risers for flowlines or transport pipelines, etc.
ABAEC J-tubes
A string of steel pipe of varying diameters installed during mechanical outfitting of the jacket structure.
The J-tubes extends from surface facilities vertically through guidedecks/guides to the lower jacket base area
where a long radius bend extends and exits above the mudline/seabed. J-tubes form a conduit for later pull-
in, pull-through of flowlines, pipelines, umbilicals and cables from subsea entry point through the J-tube to
surface facilities.
ABAED Caissons
Tubes/conduits of steel containing pipes for fire water, seawater, etc. This is to protect the smaller pipes
against environmental exposure.
ABB Gravity base structure – GBS
A gravity base structure (GBS) is a platform substructure, constructed in concrete, which rests on the seabed
and is kept in position by its own weight.
The gravity base structure contains all resources from design through tow-out from the dock, ballasting,
mating of the deck, towing to installation at the deep water site.
This code covers GBS concrete structure, mechanical outfitting and (preinstalled) risers/J-tubes, subdivided
and coded as outlined below.
Some particular references: In this coding structure GBS is meant to cover concrete structures. Steel GBS
structures are considered to be jacket substructures with storage tanks. A GBS of simple type may be used
as substructure for a free-standing flare tower; the flare tower is to be PBS coded under AAF.
ABBA Concrete structure
The concrete structure consists of
 bottom area with skirts and lower domes,

 cell area with cells, cells/shafts and upper domes,
 shaft area with shafts, top shafts and riegel (where relevant),
 solid ballast.
Subdivided and coded as outlined below.
The bottom area is completed in dry dock, while cell area and shaft area are completed at the deep water site
(inshore) where also the ballasting takes place. Embedment items, reinforcement bars, prestressing cables,
etc. are installed successively during the concrete construction.
The concrete structure is normally designed for oil storage in the cells, but some installations do not have this
function.

The GBS has one to four shafts and therefore often characterised as monotower or multitower. The shafts
include compartments for utilities, risers and J-tubes and drilling outfitting.
ABBAA Skirts
Bottom area construction is performed in dry dock and consists of skirts and lower domes. This code covers
skirts.
Depending on soil conditions, either steel skirts or concrete skirts or a combination of both may be used. The
purpose is to ensure lateral soil support when the platform is set down on location.
ABBAB Lower domes
Lower domes construction follows the completion of the skirts. Included are also conductor penetrations in
the drill cells/shafts.
ABBAC Cells
The cell area consists of cell walls and upper domes. The construction starts in dry dock and is completed at
the deep-water site. The lower part of the cells will often be slip-formed up to a certain elevation to secure
sufficient buoyancy during tow-out of the dry dock. The remaining work, slip-forming of the upper parts of the
cell walls and the upper domes, takes place at the deep-water site. Different tanks – e.g. diesel tanks, sludge
tanks, etc. – are built into the cells. Installations of dowels are performed at deep-water site as well as
mooring/towing foundations/pad eyes.
This code covers cells, which are closed by upper domes.
For upper domes, see PBS ABBAE.
ABBAD Cells/shafts
Some of the cells do not have upper domes, but continues directly as shafts.
The cells/shafts are dry and designed for non-storage purpose, i.e. for drilling and for housing of utility
systems and various other mechanical outfitting.
Cells/shafts extend from lower domes up to about upper domes level.
ABBAE Upper domes
With the completion of the upper domes – normally at inshore location – the cells are completed as "enclosed
space" e.g. for oil storage.
ABBAF Shafts
The shafts (or legs) consist of the shafts/legs extending from the top of the cell section level and up to the top
shafts. The shafts are cones shaped normally with decreasing diameter upwards, and they are often
slip-formed in one operation.
In the case of particular deep-water location – and long and slim shafts – the shafts may be built with a riegel
(see PBS ABBAJ).
ABBAG Top shafts
The top shafts represent the continuation of the shafts up to the top of the GBS. The top shafts are cone
shaped with increasing diameter upwards or cylindrical shaped, ending with the transition rings (or similar)
below the topside deck. Transition rings may be in steel, concrete or as an elastomeric connection between
GBS and deck. Transition rings and crushing tubes are part of the top shafts.
ABBAH Solid ballast
Included is solid ballast (located in the bottom area), for the purpose of regulating the GBS stability.

As material for solid ballast iron ore and/or olivin are often used.
ABBAJ Riegel
The riegel – a box like structure constructed in concrete – acts like a stiffening link between/for the GBS
shafts. The purpose is to avoid/reduce structural vibrations (e.g. ringing) due to environmental impact (from
wind, sea and other).
GBS' installed in particular deep waters – and thus have long and slim shafts – may be equipped with a
Riegel, which separates the shaft area in shafts below and above the Riegel.
ABBB Mechanical outfitting
This code covers the mechanical outfitting of the GBS structure, i.e. facilities/systems for installation and
operation of the GBS and for support of platform topside and drilling and production.
Mechanical outfitting may be performed fully by the GBS contractor, or partly whereas another contractor
does the remaining.
This code excludes all risers and J-tubes, which are addressed separately. Conductors are to be PBS coded
under AC.
Mechanical outfitting is subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
ABBBA Ballast water and installation systems
This code consists of installations mainly in the bottom area of the GBS. These are both temporary and
permanent systems/facilities needed for ballasting, towing, marine installing and removal purposes like
 ballast water systems,

 skirt evacuation system,
 grouting system,
 air cushion system,
 construction pumps, soil drain and other facilities for the above mentioned purposes.
ABBBB Drilling
Includes installations related to the platform drilling function, such as
 conductor guides,
 shale shute,
 oil skimmers,
 etc.
ABBBC Storage and reticulation
Systems for storage and reticulation and inlet/supply within the substructure for liquids and bulk, where
relevant, such as
 gas and/or crude oil,

 diesel oil,
 fire water,
 sea water,
 service water,
 surfactants, etc.
Included is also all piping to and from storage.

ABBBD Utilities
Includes auxiliary systems and facilities within the GBS (primarily in the cells and cells/shafts) such as
 electrical power and lighting systems,

 instrumentation and controls for the outfitting systems, for fire and gas detection, corrosion protection and
monitoring, water temperature measurements, etc.,
 personnel safety systems (fire extinguishers, hose reels, etc.),
 communication systems,
 HVAC-systems,
 hydraulic power,
 hoists and personnel lifts, cranes, etc.,
 utilities related to risers, J-tubes and for exterior outfitting (e.g. instrumentation, corrosion protection).
For structural outfitting related to risers, J-tubes and exterior outfitting see PBS code ABBBE. For risers and
J-tubes, see under PBS ABBC.
ABBBE Structural outfitting
Includes secondary and outfitting steel items required within the substructure primarily for personnel access,
support and safety, such as
 decks,
 ladders, stairs, gangways and handrails,
 manholes,
 pipe guides and supports,
 equipment supports and other structures,
 structural outfitting items for risers and J-tubes and for exterior outfitting.
ABBC Risers/J-tubes
Risers/J-tubes and conductors are pipes, which extend from the wellhead or other surface areas through
guidedecks/guides/conductor frames in drill shafts/riser shafts:
Conductors – drilled/driven through plugged conduits installed in lower drill shaft domes. For concrete gravity
base structures the conductor acts as a conduit for the surface casing. Conductors are deemed to be PBS
coded under AC.
Export/import risers – installed in riser shafts or external to shaft(s) with tie-in connection points external to
GBS structure.
J-tubes – conduits extending from surface facilities down shaft(s) exiting via long radius bends through
cells/domes to the mudline/seabed for later pull-in of flowlines, pipelines and cables/umbilicals.
Production risers – tie-back string transfers wellstream from e.g. a subsea well spacer/drilling template to
surface facilities.
The pipes hereunder are normally of rigid type. Flexible risers are deemed to be PBS coded under AD and/or
AE depending on riser function.
Risers/J-tubes are subgrouped and coded as follows:
ABBCA Production risers
This code includes risers for production and injection:
Production risers transfer wellstream from e.g. subsea placed well spacer/drilling templates to surface
facilities.
Injection risers transfer treated water for injection or transfer gas for reinjection from wellbay manifolds to the
subsea well spacer/drilling template/area.

Predrilling of wells in combination with concrete GBS substructure installations has been considered for some
recent development project concepts.
See also riser explanation under the code following below.
ABBCB Export risers
Pipes rigid or flexible extending from either subsea riser bases or from subsea mechanical/hyperbaric tie-in
point to surface facilities‟ import/export manifold connections for import/export of oil, gas and water.
Risers in general may be
a) preinstalled forming part of GBS structure outfitting, routed through riser shaft(s) or drill shaft(s),
b) post-installed externally and/or internally fixed to shaft(s),
c) be pulled through J-tubes installed in GBS structure.
Flexible risers and risers of category b) and c) are deemed to be covered for under PBS AD and AE
depending on riser function.
ABBCC J-tubes
A string of steel pipe of varying diameters installed during mechanical outfitting of gravity base structure. The
J-tube extends from surface facilities vertically through guidedecks/guides to the lower cell/dome area, where
a long radius bend extends through the lower GBS and exits above the mudline/seabed. J-tubes form a
conduit for later pull-in, pull-through of flowlines, pipelines and cables/umbilical from subsea entry point
through the J-tube to surface facilities.
ABC Jack-up
Jack-up is one type of mobile drilling rig, which may be designed for other purposes such as production
platforms, quarter platforms, etc.
Jack-up substructure is defined as including main components such as structure/hull, topside related
equipment, legs, jacking arrangements, base/foundation structure and rigid risers where relevant. Included
also are outfitting like
 marine related outfitting of the hull, the legs and the foundation (systems for ballast, etc.),
 mechanical outfitting related to oil storage systems in the foundation structure,
 mechanical outfitting related to topside systems.
The seabed foundation may include piles and storage, if any.
Outfitting, systems, structures, etc. related to production of oil and gas (production platforms) or for quarter
platforms – i.e. topside related – are included under topsides PBS code AA.
Flexible risers are normally covered for under PBS codes AD Subsea production systems and AE Transport
systems (e.g. risers for traditional flowlines or pipelines.).
ABCA Structure/hull
The structure/hull may be of two types:
 truss type structure with deck plating;

 plated/plate girder type structure (“deck box”).
Prefabricated boxes and nodes, welded profiles and/or standard profiles, with deck plates, profiles and
stiffeners, construct the truss type structure. Outfitting is normally located on the deck.
The box type – most in use – consists of plate-constructed girders or by prefabricated plate girders and plate
deck constructions. Outfitting will be installed within the box (normally marine related) and process related
(topside related) on the deck.

NOTE: Topside related outfitting etc. is to be included under PBS code AA Topsides.
ABCB Legs
All legs including jacking and locking arrangements. The legs may be of tubular or truss type construction.
The jacking arrangement can be either electric or hydraulic driven (see also PBS ABCC following).
ABCC Outfitting
Outfitting of the jack-up substructure includes installations in the hull, legs and the base and can consist of
items like:
ABCCA Hull outfitting
 walkways, ladders, etc.,

 marine related mechanical outfitting, systems, etc.,
 jacking/locking machinery with systems,
 outfitting related to oil storage in the base.
ABCCB Topside related systems
Jack-up may have topside related systems, equipment, etc. located in the substructure/hull in a varying
degree. I.e. equipment, systems – typically utility, common process and support systems placed within the
hull and which are required primarily to support the production of hydrocarbons and not considered to form
part of the vessel storage/distribution system, marine systems –e.g. separate electrical power generation,
control room equipment, etc.
ABCD Base
The base can be different kind of structures. Depending of soil conditions and purpose, the foundation(s) are
designed to prevent excessive leg penetration into the soil. In some designs the base is a large steel mat
which gives the name to the jack-up type-mat-supported jack-up. For a production platform oil storage may
be integrated in the foundation. The bases may have piles.
ABCE Rigid risers
Risers are permanent pipes extending from e.g. a seabed well spacer/drilling template beneath the wellbay
area and to the surface facilities, or pipes extending from a riser base which may form part of well spacer
template to surface facilities for export/import of oil, gas and water.
Jack-up substructure may be equipped with rigid risers and/or flexible risers. Rigid risers allow "dry" surface
installed x-mas trees.
This code and subsequent subcodes cover only rigid pipe risers (in connection with dry x-mas trees) for jack-
ups. Flexible risers are deemed to be PBS coded under AD and/or AE depending on riser function.
For well spacer/drilling template, see PBS ADAA.
The permanent rigid risers hereunder are grouped into production risers and export risers, as outlined in the
following:
ABCEA Production risers
Production risers transfer wellstream from e.g. a subsea well spacer/drilling template to surface facilities –
wellbay area.
Included are also injection risers which transfer treated water for injection or transfer gas for reinjection from
the wellbay manifolds to the subsea well spacer/drilling template.

ABCEB Export risers
Rigid pipes extending from e.g. riser bases which may form part of well spacer/drilling template to surface
facilities for export/import of oil, gas and water.
ABD Compliant tower
A bottom founded steel structure with buoyancy tanks and/or guylines used in deep water areas
The compliant tower substructure is subdivided and PBS coded as outlined in the following:
ABDA Structure
Includes the legs and bracings built of steel tubulars and assembled by prefabricated leg nodes and bracing
nodes, normally fit with sleeves and guiding structure for piles. Also including mudmats/skirts and required
framing/guides for production related outfitting within the structure.
Compliant tower substructures will normally be fabricated and installed in one unit, but may be split in a lower
and an upper section. Structure is subdivided and coded as follows:
ABDAA Leg tubulars
All straight tubulars and conical transitions for legs including internal stiffeners.
ABDAB Bracing tubulars
All straight tubulars and conical transitions, vertical and horizontal bracings included internal stiffeners if
applicable.
ABDAC Bracing nodes
Includes the nodes or cans prefabricated for assemble of vertical and horizontal bracings.
ABDAD Pile sleeves/mudmats
Pile sleeves
Tubulars which the piles are to be stabbed through, gathered together to "pile cluster" and located at the
bottom of each corner leg of the compliant tower.
Mudmats
Plane area underneath the leg/pile cluster to prevent excessive structure penetration into the soil, sometimes
with skirts.
ABDAE Pile guides
Short tubulars with funnel-shaped top to guide the piles during piling operation. Located on each corner leg at
certain elevation.
ABDAF Conductor framing
Horizontal framing with conductor guides within the structure.
ABDAG Leg nodes
Includes the nodes or cans for leg sections produced of steel plates, cast steel or forged steel.
ABDB Outfitting
Includes all permanent outfitting related to the compliant tower, such as walkways, ladders and systems used
for installation purposes. Installation systems, flooding and grouting systems and instrumentation systems
which may be of permanent nature. Outfitting is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ABDBA Installation system

Anchors, chains and mooring and ballasting systems, etc. necessary to ensure exact positioning above an
already installed and predrilled template.
ABDBB Flooding and grouting
Pipes, valves and electrical cables for flooding and grouting purpose usually placed in caissons outside the
tower legs. Normally permanent, but some of it may be removed after installation.
ABDBC Walkways/ladders
Walkways, stairs, ladders and similar applied to the structure.
ABDC Temporary outfitting
Includes temporary arrangements used for installation purposes: floating tanks, installation control devices
and lift appurtenances (outfitting that will be removed after installation). This outfitting is subgrouped and
coded as follows:
ABDCA Auxiliary buoyancy
Floating tanks and clamps for fastening to the legs. Tanks including clamps to be removed after installation.
Buoyancy tanks not intended to be removed (integrated) should be PBS coded under ABDBA.
ABDCB Floating and up-ending control system
Control capsule containing instruments to control the floating and installing operation. The capsule is normally
placed at the top of the substructure and removed after installation.
ABDCC Lift appurtenances
Lifting devices to aid installation of structures.
ABDD Mooring items
Guyed tower mooring system consists of a number of steel cables/guylines connected between clump
weights with anchor piles and upper compliant tower structure. Guylines maintain constant tension due to
clump weights.
Mooring winches will normally be part of the topsides facilities and then is PBS coded under AA. Fairleads
and mooring winches located on the substructure are to be PBS coded under ABDBA.
ABDDA Mooring lines
Heavy chains and cables with connectors, connected to piles/anchors/clump weights placed on seabed and
to fairleads/stoppers, may require as many as twelve or more mooring lines connected according to a variety
of mooring patterns to the legs of the substructure.
ABDDB Anchors/piles
Including anchor piling – drilled, set and cemented piles in shallow boreholes connected to each mooring line.
Piles conventionally driven by hydraulic pile drivers. Combined clump weight/piled systems as used for guyed
towers. Other types of anchors and piles may also be applied.
ABDE Foundation/piles
For compliant towers due to the many and varied concepts (guyed, articulated, hybrid) this category may
include separate or combined well and leg foundations with mudmats and piles (main piles) for structures and
structure foundations.

ABDF Risers/J-tubes and caissons
Risers and J-tubes are pipes normally rigid for this type of substructure which extend from the wellhead or
other surface areas through guides/conductor frames to the tower base area or to e.g. a preinstalled subsea
wellspacer/drilling template.
Preinstalled parts of risers and J-tubes are part of the substructure.
Export/import risers; may be installed in the tower structure conductor frames/guides prior to installation or at
field location.
J-tubes; conduits extending from surface facilities down tower structure guide frames and exiting via long
radius bends to the mudline/seabed for later pull-in of flowlines, pipelines, umbilicals and cables.
Production risers; tie-back strings transfers wellstream from e.g. a subsea well spacer/drilling template to
surface facilities, used for predrilled wells.
Also included hereunder are caissons for protection of small pipes.
Conductors are to be regarded as belonging to PBS code AC Wells.
This outfitting is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ABDFA Production risers
Production risers transfer wellstream from e.g. a subsea placed well spacer/drilling templates to surface
facilities.
Included hereunder are also injection risers which transfer treated water for injection or transfer gas for
reinjection from wellbay manifolds to e.g. the subsea well spacer/drilling template. See also explanation under
the code following below.
ABDFB Export risers
Pipes extending from either subsea riser bases or from subsea mechanical/hyperbaric tie-in point to surface
facilities‟ import/export manifold connections, for import/export of oil, gas and water. Risers may in general be
a) preinstalled forming part of tower structure outfitting, routed through conductor frames/guides in tower
structure,
b) post-installed,
c) be pulled through J-tubes installed in tower structure.
Risers of categories b) and/or c) are deemed to be covered for under PBS AD or AE

depending on riser function.
ABDFC J-tubes
A string of steel pipe of varying diameters installed during mechanical outfitting of the tower structure.
The J-tube extends from surface facilities vertically through guidedecks/guides to the lower tower base area
where a long radius bend extends and exits above the mudline/seabed. J-tubes forms a conduit for later pull-
in, pull-through of flowlines, pipelines, umbilicals and cables from subsea entry point through the J-tube to
surface facilities.
ABDFD Caissons
Tubes/conduits of steel containing pipes for fire water, seawater, etc. This is to protect the smaller pipes
against environmental exposure.

ABK Semi submersible
A seabed anchored or dynamically positioned buoyant/floating substructure constructed in steel or concrete,

which provides support for surface production facilities (topsides). The hull/substructure consists of pontoons,
nodes, columns and bracings, within which are access, bilge/ballast, storage and auxiliary systems, and
mooring items.
This code considers floating production systems of semi submersible type, which are either anchor moored
or dynamically positioned. For semi submersibles a large number of design configurations are possible and
built; from three columns to multi-column, from separate leg/column pontoons to twin submerged pontoons to
ring pontoons and from circular sections/members/structures to rectangular or hybrids.
Semi submersible floating production systems are reliant on subsea production systems or adjacent fixed
wellhead platform to provide wellstream for production/processing, storage and further transport. All known
semi submersible production platforms use flexible risers and "wet" x-mas trees.
The multicolumn deep floater is in many respects similar to semi submersibles; the concept has a very deep
draught and large displacement such that the structure has little vertical movement and restrained lateral
movement allowing wellheads to be surface installed. Current concepts consider steel or concrete structures
with four columns placed above ring pontoons. Multicolumn deep floaters are deemed to be PBS coded
under ABP – (and single column deep floaters under PBS ABQ).
The substructure consists of the following main elements:
 structure;
 outfitting;
 mooring items.
These, with further subcoding, are outlined below.
Flexible risers are to be PBS coded under AD and/or AE (depending on riser function/use).
ABKA Structure
A hull/substructure constructed in steel or concrete, which consists of pontoons, columns, nodes and
bracings as subcoded and outlined in the following:
ABKAA Columns
Vertical cylinders/sections between subsurface nodes/pontoons and deck structure. Columns may contain
tanks, integral mooring systems (e.g. chain lockers, etc.), utilities and access systems to pontoons/nodes.
ABKAB Pontoons
Horizontal cylinders/sections between subsurface nodes/columns or ellipsoidal structures placed beneath

each column. Pontoons may be ring pontoons connecting each column, twin submerged hull pontoons or
ellipsoidal pontoons connected to individual columns. Pontoons may contain tanks for storage, de-ballasting
and storage.
ABKAC Nodes
Transition structures between columns and pontoons and between bracings to structures.
ABKAD Bracings
Cylindrical steel tubulars between main structural components: columns/nodes/pontoons, to alleviate

structural compliance.
ABKB Outfitting
Include mechanical outfitting of semi submersibles to complete integral systems after columns, nodes,
pontoons and bracings are constructed/fabricated, assembled and erected into a complete structure.

Outfitting is grouped into
 ballast/bilge systems,
 storage and reticulation systems,
 utility systems,
 structural outfitting,
 propulsion/DP systems,
in the subcodes below.
Outfitting does not include mooring items, which are coded separately.
ABKBA Ballast/bilge
Systems installed within pontoons, nodes and columns to obtain required operating draught and for tank
dewatering. Contains ballast water system, vent and drain systems and bilge system.
ABKBB Storage and reticulation
Systems for storage and reticulation and inlet/supply within pontoons, nodes and columns for liquid and bulk
storage.
This code contains systems like
 seawater inlet system,

 fire water system,
 diesel storage system,
 potable water system,
 oil systems (where relevant).
ABKBC Utility systems
Auxiliary systems within the hull structure such as
 electrical power and lighting systems,

 instrumentation and controls,
 hydraulic power systems,
 fire and gas systems,
 personnel safety systems,
 HVAC systems,
 personnel access – hoists and personnel lifts.
ABKBD Structural outfitting
Primarily secondary and outfitting steel required within the structure normally for personnel access, support
and safety:
 decks;
 structures;
 ladders;
 gangways;
 manholes;
 pipe guides and supports;
 equipment supports;
 fairleads and chain stoppers located on the substructure;
 anodes;
 etc.
Mooring winches, if located on the substructure, are to be coded hereunder. (Normally mooring winches for
semi submersibles are part of topsides, see PBS code AAGC).

ABKBE Propulsion/DP system
Propulsion systems required for sailing to location (self-propulsion) and for station keeping – dynamic
positioning (DP). May comprise of electrical/hydraulic drivers and screw propellers within hull pontoons for
sailing to location or electrical driven azimuth thrusters located under pontoons. Propulsion systems include
thrusters/propellers, electrical/hydraulic drivers, power supply and control/instrument systems required
providing propulsion.
ABKC Mooring items
Mooring items include mooring lines and anchors/piles as outlined in the subcodes following. For other
mooring outfitting, see also description under PBS code ABKBD.
ABKCA Mooring lines
Mooring lines comprise chains, connectors and cables – connected to piles/anchors on the seabed and
running through fairleads to mooring winches/stoppers.
ABKCB Anchors/piles
Methods/arrangements for fixing and securing the mooring lines into the seabed may be
 anchors – conventional rated ship anchors placed/embedded into the seabed,

 anchor piling – drilled, set and cemented piles in shallow boreholes connected to each mooring line,
 piles conventionally driven by hydraulic pile drivers,
 suction anchors.
ABL Tension leg substructure – TLP
A seabed anchored buoyant/compliant substructure constructed in steel or concrete, which provides support
for surface production facilities (Topsides).
The hull (structure) consists of pontoons, nodes, (bracings when relevant) and columns within which are
access, bilge/ballast, storage and auxiliary systems.
The hull is anchored to the seabed between outer columns/nodes or external tie-down porches and
foundation template/anchor base with coupled tethers/tendons. De-ballasting the buoyant hull/substructure
tensions tethers/tendons. Tether/tendon deployment equipment may be either contained internally within hull
columns/nodes or external to hull columns/nodes.
The TLP substructure is subdivided and PBS coded as follows:
ABLA Structure
A hull/substructure constructed in steel or concrete, which consists of Pontoons, Columns and Nodes (hull
structure). Structure is subdivided and coded as follows:
 main TLP structural elements;

 TLP substructure.
ABLAA Columns
Vertical cylinders/sections between subsurface nodes/pontoons and deck structure. Columns may contain
tanks, integral tether/tendon deployment equipment or may be configured with external tether/tendon
deployment equipment.
ABLAB Pontoons
Horizontal cylinders/sections between subsurface nodes/columns contains tanks/compartments for storage,

de-ballasting/tensioning of tethers/tendons. Ring pontoons is most applied.

ABLAC Nodes
Transition structures between columns and pontoons, which may contain tether conduits or external porches
for tether/tendon installation.
ABLAD Bracings
Bracings – when relevant – consists of cylindrical tubulars between structural components:

columns/nodes/pontoons, to alleviate structural compliance.
ABLB Outfitting
Includes mechanical outfitting of TLP hull/substructure to complete integral systems after columns, nodes
and pontoons are constructed/fabricated, assembled and erected into a complete structure.
Outfitting does not include tethers/tendons or tether deployment equipment (see PBS code ABLC).
Outfitting is normally grouped into the following main categories: ballast/bilge systems, storage and
reticulation systems, utility systems and structural outfitting as outlined in the following:
ABLBA Ballast/bilge
Systems installed within pontoons, nodes and columns for maintaining leg tensioning and tank dewatering.
Contains ballast water systems, vent and drain systems and bilge systems.
ABLBB Storage and reticulation
Systems for storage and reticulation and inlet/supply within pontoons, nodes and columns for liquid and bulk
storage.
This code contains systems like
 seawater inlet system,

 fire water system,
 diesel storage system,
 potable water system,
 oil systems – where relevant.
ABLBC Utility systems
Auxiliary systems within the hull structure:
 electrical power and lighting systems;

 instrumentation and controls;
 hydraulic power systems;
 fire and gas systems;
 personnel safety systems;
 HVAC systems;
 personnel access – hoists and personnel lifts.
ABLBD Structural outfitting
Includes primarily secondary and outfitting steel required within the structure for personnel access, support
and safety:
 decks;
 structures;
 ladders;
 gangways;
 manholes;
 pipe guides and supports;

 equipment supports,
 anodes;
 etc.
ABLBE Propulsion/DP system
TLPs may in particular cases be equipped with propulsion/DP system:
Propulsion systems may be required for sailing to location (self-propulsion) and for station keeping – dynamic
positioning (DP). May comprise of electrical/hydraulic drivers and screw propellers within hull pontoons for
sailing to location or electrical driven azimuth thrusters located under pontoons. Propulsion systems include
thrusters/propellers, electrical/hydraulic drivers, power supply and control/instrument system required to
provide propulsion.
ABLC Tethering system
The tethering system includes all permanent system components from anchor connections – anchor
latches/anchor base connectors to the tether/tendon tie-off assemblies and tether/tendon deployment
equipment required for installation, subgrouped and coded below.
ABLCA Tether equipment
Includes tether/tendon deployment equipment/tool systems required to handle, move, connect, lower, tension
and tie-off tethers/tendons at mooring flats or external porches. Equipment may be individual tools or
combination tools required for installation of tethers/tendons though which are not further required unless for
tether/tendon replacement.
Tether deployment equipment may comprise
 tensioner/motion compensator,
 torque tools,
 polar/radial cranes and handling equipment,
 rollers/guides,
 combination tooling.
ABLCB Tethers
Tethers/tendons are connected between anchor bases with anchor latches/connectors at the anchor base
and the TLP substructure. Connection between tethers/tendons and substructure may be integral extending
to cross-load bearings within the lower hull nodes/columns, through tether conduits to the mooring flat and
further to tensioning and tie-off assemblies. Tethers/tendons may be connected externally to outer
node/columns‟ tether/tendon tie-down porches and tensioned and tied-off.
Tethers/tendons may consist of the following components:
 anchor latches with flexible joints for connection to anchor base foundation;
 tethers/tendons which may be neutrally buoyant and consist of welded pipe for the total tether/tendon
length, may comprise a number of tether elements with welded/screwed couplings for installation, or not-
neutrally buoyant, forged tethers/tendons with screwed couplings;
 cross-load bearings placed within lower nodes to comply to environmental forces,
 tether/tendon tie-off assemblies for tie-off at internal mooring flat or external porch tie-off.
ABLCC Anchor base/foundations
Normally a piled seabed installed foundation for connection of tethers/tendons, of the following types:
 concrete foundation templates (CFT), constructed in concrete with skirt piles, lowered, ballasted and
placed directly beneath TLP columns/nodes;
 fabricated steel foundation template structures placed beneath TLP columns/nodes and conventionally
piled with tubular piles;

 combination foundation template/anchor base structures constructed in either concrete or steel and piled
to the seabed.
ABLD Mooring items for positioning
Some TLP version concepts have also been designed with mooring for positioning/repositioning (shifting) of
the TLP (e.g. in connection with drilling).
Mooring items for positioning of TLPs are subgrouped and PBS coded as follows:
ABLDA Mooring lines
ABLDB Anchors/piles
As the above is similar to mooring items for other floaters/submersibles, a reference to PBS ABKC regarding
details and interface is given.
Mooring winches are normally located on the deck (topside) and should be PBS coded under AA. However
for mooring winches and/or fairleads located on the substructure, the PBS code ABLBD applies.
ABLE Rigid risers
Risers are permanent pipes extending from the seabed well spacer/drilling template beneath the wellbay area
and to the surface facilities, or pipes extending from a riser base which may form part of well spacer template
to surface facilities for export/import of oil, gas and water.
TLPs are normally equipped with rigid risers, but may also have flexible risers. Rigid risers require motion
compensation and allow "dry" surface installed x-mas trees; typical for TLPs and very advantageous for
installation, workover and operation.
This code and subsequent subcodes cover only rigid pipe risers (in connection with dry x-mas trees) for
TLPs. Flexible risers are deemed to be PBS coded under AD and/or AE depending on riser function.
The permanent rigid risers hereunder are grouped into production risers and export risers for TLPs, as
outlined in the following:
ABLEA Production risers
Production risers transfer wellstream from the subsea well spacer/drilling template to surface facilities –
wellbay area.
Included are also: injection risers which transfer treated water for injection or transfer gas for reinjection from
ABLEB Export risers
Pipes extending from riser bases which may form part of well spacer/drilling template to surface facilities for
export/import of oil, gas and water.
ABM Ship type substructure (monohull)
The substructure as defined herein considers floating production, storage and offshore loading (FPSO)
systems, which are either
 purpose built ships, or

 converted trading tankers, which are used for the purpose of permanent field production.
For barge type FPSOs, see PBS ABN.
Production test ships, extended test ships, barges and offtake tankers are not included in codes hereunder.

Battery limits between topside facilities/production facilities and substructure monohull/shipshaped vessel are
 all facilities placed at/above (normally on a deck some meters above maindeck) or upon main deck level,
hereunder; process units, modules, decks, process piping, utilities and flare system (i.e. topside
facilities).
Monohull as defined hereunder comprises: hull structure and hull outfitting (including living quarter), turret
systems and mooring items.
This version of the SCCS differs from the May-1992 version with the introduction of the SFI Group System for
PBS-coding of ship/barge substructures.
The SFI Group System is a function oriented coding system applied in e.g. ship specifications, estimates,
drawings, instruction material, purchasing and material administration, cost control, files, etc.
Shipping companies, shipyards, authorities, consultants, suppliers, etc. more than 800 companies and
institutions in about 50 countries use the system.
The group system was developed by The Ship Research Institute of Norway – SFI. After reorganisations
SpecTec AS was appointed responsible for marketing and updating of the system, hence inquiries
concerning the system should be directed to
 SpecTecAS,
 www.spectec.no
The SFI Group System is structured as a three digit coding system. On the highest level the system divides
the ship into 10 main groups, 0 to 9. Of these only 8 (main groups 1 – 8) are standardised in use.
Each of the main groups (first digit) consists of 10 groups (two digits), and each group is further subdivided
into 10 sub groups (three digits).
An example of group system subdivision of main group 7 is given below:
main group 7 System for machinery main components

group 73 Compressed air systems
sub group 731 Starting air systems
The system documentation includes a code overview section, detail description and index. In addition and
linked to the group system are a detail code (“component oriented”) and a material code (“bulk oriented”).
In the SCCS PBS code the main groups of the SFI Group System are reflected and adapted as follows:

Main group 1: Ship general is to be included hereunder due to the (common) nature of this main
group.
ABMA Structure/hull
Includes main group 2: Hull
ABMB Outfitting
Includes main group 3–8 as follows:
ABMBA Equipment for cargo (main group 3)

ABMBB Ship equipment (main group 4)
ABMBC Equipment for crew and passengers main group 5)
ABMBD Machinery main components (main group 6)
ABMBE Systems for machinery main components (main group 7)
ABMBF Ship common systems (main group 8)
ABMBG Other (reserved for main group 9 which is vacant at present).

For an outline of the PBS codes, see below. But observe; for full coding (all levels) and comprehensive use of
the SFI Group System, the system documentation should be applied.
To be entered hereunder is main group 1: Ship general, i.e. details and costs which cannot be charged to any
specific function on board, such as general arrangements, insurance, provisional rigging, launching, dry-
docking, test and trials etc.
Some particular references: For production barge substructures, see PBS code ABN. For floating storage
units substructures, see PBS AEC. Circular barge type substructure, see PBS ABR.
ABMA Structure/hull
Structure/hull as defined herein comprises:
 purpose built ships,

 purchased trading tankers converted to FPSOs.
The code includes hull: i.e. the structure for afterbody, engine area, cargo area, forebody and superstructure
(living quarters) with particular hull details and material protection.
ABMB Ship outfitting
Includes outfitting as outlined and coded in the following, with examples that may be relevant for production
ships:
ABMBA Equipment for cargo
Includes equipment/machinery, systems, etc. concerning the ships cargo, e.g. hatches, cargo handling
equipment, rigging for cargo, loading/discharging systems for liquid cargo (e.g. hoses), heating systems for
cargo, ventilation systems for cargo tanks, inert gas systems, cargo tank sounding systems, etc.
ABMBB Ship equipment
Includes equipment/machinery, systems, etc. which mainly are typical for ships, e.g. rudders and steering
machinery, thrusters and dynamic positioning systems navigation aids, communication equipment, mooring
winches (not in connection with fixed turrets), ordinary mooring outfitting for other than station keeping and
fixed turrets (see also PBS ABMF), repair/maintenance and cleaning equipment, machinery lifting gear, etc.
ABMBC Equipment for crew and passengers
Includes equipment/machinery, systems, etc. which serve crew and passengers, e.g. lifesaving/protection
and medical equipment, internal and external architectural outfitting (insulation, panels, partitions, doors and
windows, handrails, ladders, deck covering, etc.), furniture/inventory, galley, pantry, laundry, personnel lifts,
accommodation ventilation and air-condition, sanitary systems etc.
ABMBD Machinery main components
Includes primary components in the engine room, e.g. main engine and propulsion plant, boilers and steam
generators, machinery for main and emergency power generation, etc.
ABMBE Systems for machinery main components
Includes systems that primarily serve the machinery main components, such as systems for fuel, lube oil,
cooling, compressed air, exhaust and air intakes, steam/condensate and feed water, distilled and make up
water and automation systems for the machinery.

ABMBF Ship common systems
Includes central ship systems such as ballast and bilge systems, gutter pipes, fire and lifeboat alarm,
fire-fighting and wash down systems, air and sounding systems for non-cargo tanks, common hydraulic
system, central heating system and electrical systems.
ABMBG Other (vacant – SFI main group 9)
The code is reserved for SFI Group System main group 9, which is vacant at present.
ABMBH Topside related systems
FPSO ships may have topside related systems, equipment, etc. located in the substructure/hull in a varying
degree. I.e. equipment, systems – typically utility, common process and support systems placed within the
hull and which are required primarily to support the production of hydrocarbons and not considered to form
part of the vessel storage/distribution system, main propulsion system or marine systems – such as separate
electrical power generation, control room equipment, etc.
The other elements of the ship substructure are as follows:
ABMC Fixed turret
The fixed turret defined hereunder relates to turret devices, which are located within the hull structure;
placement is normally towards the bow fore of the ship centre. This non-disconnectable turret is
independently installed from the main hull and provides full weathervaning capabilities. The turret essentially
consists of three main structural components:
 turret collar;
 cylindrical tub;
 chain table.
For other types of ship turrets, see PBS ABMD and ABME.
Fixed turret is subdivided and coded as follows:
ABMCA Structure
The turret body is a cylindrical steel plate structure, which can rotate within the vessel moonpool by means of
a bearing system. The bearing system is formed by bogies, which are positioned at the top of the turret
between the turret collar and the vessel deck.
The structure (tub) consists of a single wall ring stiffened cylindrical structure strengthened by longitudinal
webs.
ABMCB Outfitting
Turret outfitting (excl. mooring components) comprises all components not included (integrated) in the
structure. The turret bearing system is located at the turret top at the vessel deck level. This system which
comprises low friction bogies (side/lower wheels) and rails allows natural weathervaning capacity, some
designs may require turning machines.
Turret outfitting comprises such as
 equipment mounted on or within the turret structure which includes such as: deck mounted manifold
blocks and control console, the swivel stack support structure and swivel and riser installation gantry,
 equipment supported from the FPSO deck – hoisting gantry for swivel stack removal, swivel drive frame,
manifold piping,
 flexible riser terminations, riser handling winches and associated equipment, all interconnecting piping
between riser terminations and manifolds and all systems required in support of safe operation of the
turret system.

Flexible risers are normally covered for under PBS code AD Subsea production systems and AE Transport
systems (e.g. risers for traditional flowlines, umbilicals/cables or transport pipelines).
ABMCC Mooring equipment
Mooring equipment includes all equipment installed in connection with fixed (internal) turret, related to station
keeping.
Mooring equipment comprises
 mooring line winches/reels,

 anchor winches and windlasses,
 cable lifters and anchor capstans,
 rotating chain jack tensioners,
 chain stoppers,
 fairleads and associated equipment.
For mooring chains, anchors, etc. see PBS ABMF.
ABMD Disconnectable turret system
This turret considers a hull docked disconnectable buoy solution and is an alternative to fixed internal turret,
as a device for transferring e.g. wellstream to the FPSO and for mooring. Various concepts have been
presented.
At present the STP system: submerged turret production – a pendant to STL: submerged turret loading for
FSUs (PBS code AECCA) – both provided by APL, is often preferred.
The descriptions following reflect this concept. The disconnectable turret hereunder comprises two main
elements:
 the disconnectable buoy docked in the hull during operation/production;

 outfitting incl. mooring of the buoy.
ADMDA Structure
Structure includes the buoy, i.e. a buoyancy cone with internals, e.g. plating and stiffeners, turret shafts,
bearings, riser connection tube, swivel, etc.
ABMDB Outfitting
Outfitting comprises
 turret equipment, etc. located outside the buoy and not integrated in the hull,
 mooring items for the buoy (part of the concept).
Turret equipment include such as
 buoy locking mechanism and other components located in the STP-compartment,

 pull-in winch and hydraulic power packs (normally located on deck),
 equipment to operate, monitor and control the turret system.
Mooring, also termed mooring leg, includes
 anchors (e.g suction anchors)/anchor piles,

 anchor chains and connectors,
 anchor cable with connectors,
 mooring line buoyancy elements.


Flexible risers are to be coded under PBS codes AE and/or AD depending on riser function.
ABME Other turrets
Comprises turret functions other than internal fixed or disconnectable turrets, i.e. mainly solutions where the
wellstream is transferred via bow/stern arrangements connected to towers or buoys (also termed single point
or single buoy concepts).
The code may cover – depending of concept – main elements such as
 seabed founded compliant structures with base structure, articulated joint, rigid risers (integrated),
swivel/weathervane bearings, hoist, jumper hoses and connectors,
 floating buoy structure with appurtenances and similar outfitting as above,
 mooring lines/guyed lines and anchors for above structures.
Some of the concept under PBS AEB Local offtake system might give an impression of possible solutions.
Flexible risers from seabed to vessel should be coded according to PBS AD or AE.
ABMF Mooring items
This code covers mooring items for fixed, internal turret solutions and for FPSO-ships with conventional
spread mooring (no weathervaning capabilities) for station keeping.
For ship mooring in connection with disconnectable turret, see PBS ABMDB.
Mooring items are subgrouped and coded as follows:
ABMFA Mooring lines
Mooring lines comprise chains, cables and connectors – connected to piles/anchors on the seabed and to
chain stoppers at e.g. the turret base chain table, as many as twelve or greater moorings are connected
according to predefined mooring patterns.
ABMFB Anchors/piles
For FPSO ships pile anchors, suction anchors and fluke anchors are the most commonly used
anchoring/piling types used for offshore mooring.
ABN Barge type substructure
The substructure as defined herein considers floating production, storage and offshore loading (FPSO)
systems, which are either
 purpose built barges;

 converted barges.
Production test vessels, extended test vessels and offtake tankers are not included in codes hereunder.
Barges used as FPSOs are roomy, flat-bottomed vessels designed simpler as ships (“less ship shape”) and
normally without propulsion, i.e. towed/pushed to location.
Battery limits between topside facilities/production facilities and substructure are
 all facilities placed at/above (normally on a deck some meters above main deck) or upon main deck level,
hereunder; process units, modules, decks, process piping, utilities and flare system (i.e. all topside
related).
FPSO – barges as defined hereunder comprise hull structure and hull outfitting (incl. living quarter), turrets
and mooring items. The FPSO-barges are normally steel made, but may be built of concrete.

This version of the SCCS differs from the May 1992 version with the introduction of the SFI Group System for
PBS-coding of ship/barge substructures. For information about the system, use and content, see the
description of the analogous codes under PBS code ABM Ship type substructure (monohull).
As for ship substructures, the SFI Group System main group 1: Ship general – for barges – is to be PBS
coded ABN due to the (common) nature of the main group.
For further subdivision of the FPSO-barges the following ABN codes apply (with main group (M.G.) numbers
of the SFI Group System given to the right):
PBS codes: M.G.no.:
ABNA Structure/hull 2
ABNB Ship outfitting
ABNBA Equipment for cargo 3
ABNBB Ship equipment 4
ABNBC Equipment for crew and passengers 5
ABNBD Machinery main components 6
ABNBE System for machinery main components 7
ABNBF Ship common systems 8
ABNBG Other (vacant SFI main group) 9
ABNBH Topside related systems
ABNBG is reserved for main group 9, which is vacant at present. For details regarding ABNBH, see
analogous code ABMBH for production ship substructure.
As ships are normally more well equipped than barges, all details of the SFI Group System are not fully
relevant for barge substructures.
The other main elements of the barge substructure are as follows:
ABNC Fixed turret
FPSO barges may be equipped with fixed internal turret, subdivided and coded as follows:
ABNCA Structure
ABNCB Outfitting
ABNCC Mooring equipment
For further details, see analogous description under PBS code ABMC.
For mooring items (chains, anchors, etc.) see ABNF. Flexible risers are covered under PBS codes AD and
AE, e.g. risers for wellstream or for transport pipelines.
ABND Disconnectable turret system
Another turret solution for FPSO barges is the disconnectable turret system (via buoy), subdivided and coded
as follows:
ABNDA Structure

ABNDB Outfitting
For further details, see analogous description under PBS code ABMD.
ABNE Other turrets
Comprises turrets other than fixed internal turrets or disconnectable turrets (via buoys docked in the hull
during operation/production). I.e. mainly solutions where the wellstream is transferred via bow/stern
arrangements connected to towers or buoys (also termed single point or single buoy concepts).
For further details, see analogous description under PBS code ABME.
ABNF Mooring items
This code covers mooring items for fixed internal turret solutions and for FPSO-barges with conventional
spread mooring (no weathervaning capabilities) for station keeping. Mooring items consist of:
ABNFA Mooring lines
ABNFB Anchors/piles
For further details, see analogous description under PBS code ABMF.
Barge mooring winches for conventional spread mooring for station keeping, are to be coded ABNBB.
ABP Multicolumn deep floater
A seabed anchored buoyant and deep floating substructure constructed in steel or concrete, which provides
support for surface production facilities (topsides). The structure consists of pontoons, nodes, columns (and
bracings where relevant), within which are access, bilge/ballast, storage and auxiliary systems (outfitting).
Dynamical positioning may be relevant.
The multicolumn deep floater substructure is in many respects similar to semi submersibles regarding
structure, outfitting and mooring. But the concept has a very deep draught and large displacement. Thus the
structure has little vertical movement and restrained lateral movement which may allow wellheads to be
surface installed – all relative to semi submersibles. Current concepts consider steel or concrete structures
with 4 columns placed above ring pontoons.
For single column deep floater (e.g. SPAR) and circular barge type substructure, see PBS codes ABQ and
ABR.
The multicolumn deep floater substructure includes the following subdivision and PBS codes:
ABPA Structure
ABPB Outfitting
ABPC Mooring items
ABPCA Mooring lines
ABPCB Anchors/piles
As this concept is very similar to semi submersibles regarding structure, outfitting and mooring items a
reference is given to PBS ABK (semi submersible) for content, details and interfaces.
ABPD Rigid risers
ABPDA Production risers

ABPDB Export risers
A PBS ABP type substructure may use flexible risers (and "wet" x-mas trees), but will normally be equipped
with rigid risers (and "dry" x-mas trees).
For flexible risers the PBS codes AD and/or AE applies depending on riser function/use.
For rigid risers for the multicolumn deep floater, PBS ABPD, with subcodes, apply. For further details
concerning this riser solution, see similar description for e.g. a TLP; i.e. under PBS ABLE.
ABQ Single column deep floater
A seabed anchored buoyant/floating cylindrical substructure constructed in steel or concrete, which provides
support for surface production facilities (topsides) and may have oil storage facilities.
The concept was considered for development of marginal and deepwater fields. The most used design is the
SPAR concept:
 full cylinder substructure (called the "classic" SPAR);

 part cylinder/part truss substructure (called the Truss SPAR).
The single column deep floater may have flexible or rigid risers (the latter allowing wellheads to be surface
installed, i.e. "dry" x-mas trees, typical for SPARs).
Single column deep floaters have up to now generally been catenary anchored. But in a new concept – the
so-called buoyant tower – the cylindrical hull is fastened to the seabed by means of tethers (like a TLP).
The SPAR substructure is also applied in the SPAR buoy concept as part of a local offtake system. This
application is to be PBS coded under AEBE.
For circular barge type substructure, see PBS ABR.
The single column deep floater substructure is subdivided and PBS coded as outlined in the following:
ABQA Structure
As two hull forms are possible (see previous information), one or both subcodes may be relevant:
ABQAA Column section
Vertical cylinder/section below deck structure (topside) with decks, bulkheads, spiral strakes, fixed ballast,
compartments, etc.
The column may contain tanks (also for oil), integral mooring systems (e.g. chain lockers etc.), utilities,
structural outfitting, etc. (see also PBS ABQB).
In the case of a subsequent truss below the cylindrical section, also "transition piece/assembly" for
connecting the truss to the cylinder, is included.
ABQAB Truss section
The truss section is normally built up of vertical tubulars and bracing tubulars. The lower end contains tanks
for tow out and fixed ballast, and square flats are installed at defined levels for damping of movements.
ABQB Outfitting
The single column deep floater substructure may have similar outfitting as other deep floaters/semi
submersibles, such as
 bilge/ballast systems,
 storage and reticulation systems for water, diesel, oil (in the case of oil storage), etc.
 utility systems (electrical power, lighting, instrumentation, fire and gas, HVAC, etc.)

 structural outfitting including such as: ladders, manholes, anodes, fairleads, chain stoppers, mooring
winches (normally located on top of the cylindrical section for SPARs), etc.
 hull outfitting for the tethers where relevant.
Due to the similarities with other deep floaters/semi submersibles' outfitting, a reference to PBS ABKB for
outfitting details is given.
ABQC Tethering system
Buoyant tower type single column deep floaters (only conceptual at present) is designed with a tethering
system which consists of and is PBS subcoded as follows:
ABQCA Tether equipment
ABQCB Tethers
ABQCC Anchor base/foundations
Due to the similarity with the TLP tethering system, a reference to PBS ABLC is given for further details.
ABQD Mooring items
Mooring items include mooring lines and anchors/piles as defined in the subcodes following below.
Mooring winches are in general normally located on/in the deck structure and are to be coded under PBS
code AA Topsides. If the mooring winches are physically located on/in the substructure, code ABQB applies;
e.g. for SPARs.
ABQDA Mooring lines
ABQDB Anchors/piles

ABQE Rigid risers
Risers for single column deep floaters may be rigid or flexible.
Flexible risers are deemed to be PBS coded under AD/or AE depending on function/use.
For rigid risers – relevant for e.g. SPAR and buoyant tower type substructures – the following PBS subcoding
applies:
ABQEA Production risers
ABQEB Export risers
For SPAR type substructures the above riser codes also include the buoyancy elements of the risers
contained within the hull section. For further details concerning rigid risers, see analogous description under
PBS ABLE.
In the case of combined riser and tether in one dual function physical unit, PBS ABQE with subcodes is
deemed to apply.

ABR Circular barge type substructure
The concept considers a seabed anchored circular barge type substructure, which provides support for
surface facilities (topsides). The concept provides a weight efficient substructure with significant oil storage
capability.
This code description comprises a floating production system of circular unit‟s type. For this purpose the
substructure will normally contain oil storage facilities and will ordinarily be equipped with flexible risers, but
may – for particular conditions – be equipped with rigid risers.
The circular barge type substructure is subdivided and PBS coded as outlined in the following
ABRA Structure
The structure (hull) consists of a cylinder shaped column. The hull is subdivided in several
compartments/tanks for oil, slop, ballast, seawater, etc. and can have a sheltered moonpool for e.g. risers.
The structure consists of primary and secondary steel elements; plating, stiffeners, profiles, girders, etc.
ABRB Outfitting
ABRBA Hull outfitting
The circular barge type substructure may have similar outfitting as ship type substructure/barge type
substructure/semi submersibles, such as
 ballast/bilge systems and permanent ballast,

 storage and reticulation systems (for e.g. oil, slop, seawater, firewater, potable water, etc.),
 utility systems (e.g. electrical and lighting systems, instrumentation, hoist and personnel lifts, etc.),
 structural outfitting like: ladders, walkways, manholes, fairleads, anodes, etc.
For an impression of further details see analogous description under PBS code ABKB. Mooring winches, if
located on the substructure, are to be coded hereunder.
ABRB Topside related systems
The circular barge type substructure may have topside related systems, equipment, etc. located in the
substructure/hull in a varying degree. i.e. equipment, systems – typically utility, common process and support
systems placed within the hull and which are required primarily to support the production of hydrocarbons and
not considered to form part of the vessel storage/distribution system, marine systems – such as separate
electrical power generation, control room equipment, etc.
NOTE Other topside related equipment etc. is to be included under PBS code AA Topsides.
ABRC Mooring items
Mooring items include mooring lines and anchors/piles as outlined in the subcodes following below.
Mooring winches are normally located on/in the deck structure and are to be coded under PBS code AA
Topsides (if the mooring winches are physically located on/in the substructure, code ABRB applies).
ABRCA Mooring lines
ABRCB Anchors/piles



ABRD Rigid risers
Risers are permanent pipes extending from e.g. a seabed well spacer/drilling template beneath the wellbay
area and to the surface facilities, or pipes extending from a riser base which may form part of well spacer
template to surface facilities for export/import of oil, gas and water.
Circular barge type substructures are normally to be equipped with flexible risers but may also have rigid
risers for certain conditions (depending on weather and sea, substructure size, depth, etc.). Rigid risers
require motion compensation allow "dry" surface installed x-mas trees.
This code and subsequent subcodes cover only rigid pipe risers (in connection with dry x-mas trees) for
circular barge type substructure. Flexible risers are deemed to be PBS coded under AD and/or AE depending
on riser function.
The permanent rigid risers hereunder are grouped into production risers and export risers, as outlined in the
following:
ABRDA Production risers
Production risers transfer wellstream from e.g. a subsea well spacer/drilling template to surface facilities –
wellbay area.
Included are also injection risers which transfer treated water for injection or transfer gas for reinjection from
ABRDB Export risers
Rigid pipes extending from e.g. riser bases which may form part of well spacer/drilling template to surface
facilities for export/import of oil, gas and water.
ABS Artificial seabed
Artificial seabed (e.g. Atlantis, originated by Proffshore A/S) considers concepts for
 exploration drilling,
 field development drilling and production.
The concepts are particularly developed for deepwater activities. The basic principle of Atlantis is to establish
an artificial buoyant seabed (ABS) at a convenient water depth for accommodation of wellheads.
The exploration drilling concept includes the following main elements:
 a buoy (ABS) installed 200 m to 300 m below sea level, carrying a blowout preventer (BOP);
 a casing string running from the ABS to below seabed and cemented conventionally, thus also acting as
an anchor for the ABS (like a tether);
 a drilling riser between the BOP and the drilling vessel;
 outfitting and systems for installing, controlling and monitoring the main elements.
The concept for field development drilling and production includes for the drilling mode similar elements as
previously listed, plus a circular seabed drilling guidebase (for multi-wells). The production mode includes the
following main elements:
 the ABS-buoy with wells and x-mas trees;

 the casing string with tie-back connectors at seabed level;
 flexible risers to e.g. FPSO-turret (export risers may also be relevant);
 outfitting and systems for installing, controlling and monitoring.

The total artificial seabed concept(s) include(s) various PBS-codes. At present, since all is at the concept
stage, code ABS may apply only for
 the ABS-buoy with e.g. manifold, connections, tie back guideframe, protective cap, etc.,
 outfitting and systems for installing, controlling and monitoring of the buoy, e.g. pull-down lines, ballast
distribution and control system, ballast system air hoses, control umbilical and systems for monitoring
(conditions, position), etc.
For the other main elements of the concept, the following PBS codes may apply:
 the casing string, see code AC Wells;

 BOP, see AC Wells;
 X-mas tree, see AD Subsea production systems;
 seabed drilling guidebase, see AND;
 flexible risers, see AD Subsea production systems (for flowline related risers) or AE Transport systems
(for export risers).
AC Wells
The wells transport wellstream products (oil/gas/water/sand) from subterranean reservoirs to the mud line for
subsea wells or to the wellhead area for platform drilled wells. Injection wells and exploration wells are also
covered under this code.
Wells may be drilled and completed with mobile units:
 semi submersibles;
 drill ships;
 drill barges;
 jack-up/self-elevated platforms.
Drilled through a subsea well spacer/drilling template, or drilled and completed from a fixed platform installed
drilling rig.
Wells are established in two major operations:
 drilling is the operation resulting in a cased and cemented well/borehole, drilled to target depth at a
defined location within the subterranean reservoir;
 completion is the preparation of the well bore for production or injection after the drilling operation,
enabling permanent contact between the producing zone(s) and the well bore.
Drilling of the wells may start at the mudline/seabed (later termed standard drilled wells) or further down in an
established well and drilled at a slight angle away from the existing well bore (later termed branch drilled
wells). For some wells a pilot hole will be drilled first.
ACA Standard drilled wells
Drilling is resulting in a cased and cemented well/borehole, drilled from mudline/seabed to target depths at a
defined location within the subterranean reservoir. The drilling operation may be carried out by fixed platform
installed drilling rigs or by mobile drilling rigs.
Fixed platform wells are wells drilled from platform installed drilling facilities (see topsides-drilling area under
PBS AAA). The casing extends from the subterranean downhole target location in the reservoir via
conductors to
 the wellhead area/surface facilities for e.g. jackets, compliant/guyed towers and gravity base structures
(GBS),
 the production/injection risers for floating production platforms like semi submersibles, ships, etc.
Mobile unit drilled wells are wells drilled by
 semi submersible drilling rigs,

 drillships,
 drillbarges,
 jack-up drilling rigs.
The casing extends from subterranean downhole target location in the reservoir normally via conductors to
 the mudline for subsea wells,

 the mudline well spacer/drilling template for predrilled wells,
 wellhead area for surface drilled wells, drilled by cantilevered jack-up rigs (tender rigs) over wellhead
platforms.
Some particular references: For drilling facilities (derrick, etc.) located on a production platform topside, see
PBS AAA. For outfitting related to drilling in a gravity base structure, see PBS ABBBB.
Standard drilled wells are grouped according to well type and coded as follows:
ACAA Oil poducer
ACAB Gas producer
ACAC Water producer
A producing well taking water from an aquifer, e.g. the Utsira aquifer, for later injection purposes.
ACAD Gas injector
ACAE Water injector
ACAF Water and gas injector
An injection well where alternating water and gas (WAG) are used as injection medium.
ACAG Exploration well
An exploration well is normally drilled in the exploration phase (see SCCS SAB code prefix E), but may also
be drilled in connection with a development project.
ACB Branch drilled wells
A branch drilled well implies drilling of a new well besides an existing well, using the upper part of the existing
non-producing well. This is obtained with the use of a whipstock (or similar), i.e. a down-hole tool which
forces the drill bit to drill at a slight angle through the existing well bore (and casing) to a new well target
location. The method may also be used for drilling past obstructions in a well (side tracking).
Branch drilled wells may be drilled from fixed platform installed drilling rigs or by mobile drilling rigs, similar to
standard drilled wells. Therefore a reference to PBS ACA is given for further details.
Drilling of the wells under this code is also subcoded according to well type as follows:
ACBA Oil producer
ACBB Gas producer
ACBC Water producer
ACBD Gas injector
ACBE Water injector
ACBF Water and gas injector

ACBG Exploration well
ACC Completion
Completion means preparation of the wells for production and injection after the drilling operation.
Making permanent contact between the production zone(s) and the wellbore completes each
production/injection horizon (“area”). Contact with each horizon may be achieved directly or by perforating
casings.
Completions may be single, multiple or TFL (through flow-line) completions. Type of selected completion will
vary with reservoir parameters (permeability, hardness, sand, etc.).
Completions may consist of
 tubing,
 tubing hangers,
 tubing anchors,
 downhole valves,
 packers,
 expansion joints,
 flow control devices, screens,
and other downhole devices and equipment depending on type of completion.
Completions may be performed by platform-installed rigs and equipment or by mobile drilling units.
Fixed platform completion may include the following activities depending on type of drilling rig/facility:
 run tubing;
 install anchors;
 install packers;
 install expansion joints;
 install plugs;
 install valves;
 install flow control devices and screens;
 install other downhole devices and equipment depending on type of completion;
 perforation of casing (where relevant).
for permanent contact with producing zone.
Surface completed wells‟ X-mas trees are included herein.
Subsea X-mas trees are included under subsea production systems (see PBS AD).
Completions are subdivided and coded according to well types and type of completion per well type, as
ACCA Standard producers

This code covers completion of standard producers, i.e. for wells producing oil, gas or water (aquifer water)
drilled from mudline/seabed to target location in the reservoir (see PBS ACA).
The various completions of standard producers are subcoded as outlined in the following:
ACCAA Standard completion
In the standard completion the end of the tubing is secured with a packer against the casing, and the casing
is perforated below the packer level to the hole bottom. The perforation is obtained through use of a shooting
device, e.g. by means of a wireline gun. The well fluid/gas streams through the casing perforations and
further up into the tubing.

ACCAB Gravel packed completion
This type of completion is used where sand, silt or similar in the reservoir might cause later problems
(clogging, abrasion, etc.). The completion is similar to the standard completion, but the tubing is extended
with a screen to the bottom of the hole. After the casing is perforated, the screen is installed, and gravel is
pumped in the space between the screen and the perforated casing. The gravel function is to stop/reduce the
flow of sand/silt.
ACCAC Open hole completion
In the open hole completion the casing is not perforated. A packer is set near the casing end. The tubing is
extended below the packer, and a screen is normally installed at the tubing end, extending down to the
bottom of the borehole. This completion requires a relative firm or solid reservoir/ground structure.
ACCAD Smart well completion
In this type of completion a number of packers between casing and tubing are set at predestined intervals
over the length of the perforated casing, thus creating a number of enclosed spaces (sections). In these
sliding sleeves are installed around the tubing which are partially perforated. By moving the sleeves, the
tubing perforations will be covered (closed) or uncovered (opened), thus enabling regulation of the wellstream
and which section(s) to produce.
The sliding sleeves are hydraulically operated (surface controlled), and sensors for temperature and pressure
are normally installed in the sliding sleeves. This allows for surface monitoring and control of the well
production.
ACCAE Well stimulation
Well stimulation may be performed as an addition to most of the previous types of completions. Two
operations for well stimulation are applied:
 acid stimulation – an acid is pumped into the ground structure around the well bore, to wash out
impurities (sand, silt, etc.) and open up clogged areas, to increase the producing area surface;
 fracturation – liquids are pumped with high pressure into the (hard) ground structure around the well bore
to create fractures, enabling an increase in the producing area surface. Gravel may be pumped into the
fractures to avoid/reduce collapses over time.
Well stimulation may be applied before production start and/or during production.
ACCAF Downhole separation
This code includes downhole separators with accessories. These facilities may be installed (as an "addition")
in connection with most of the previous types of completions.
Downhole separation is in the concept/test stage. The intention is to separate the water from the wellstream
downhole and inject it in another reservoir zone that might be favourable for the production, thus also
avoiding/reducing topside separation of the water.
For subsea separation stations, see PBS ADD.
ACCB Branched producers
This code covers completion of branch drilled producer wells, i.e. wells drilled through the well bore and
casing in the upper part of an existing (drilled) well and further to target location. For further details on branch
drilled wells, see under PBS ACB.
The completion of branched producers, i.e. wells producing oil, gas and water (aquifer water), are of similar
type as completions for standard producers (wells drilled from mudline/seabed), and therefore a reference to
PBS ACCA is given for definition and further details.
The various completions for branched producers are subcoded as follows:

ACCBA Standard completion
ACCBB Gravel packed completion
ACCBC Open hole completion
ACCBD Smart well completion
ACCBE Well stimulation
ACCBF Downhole separation
ACCC Standard injectors
This code covers completion of injection wells, i.e. wells for injection of water, gas and/or water and gas
(WAG), drilled from mudline/seabed to well target location.
Completions of injector wells are in general simpler than for producer wells, but most of the same types of
completions may be applied. For practical reasons the completions of Standard Injectors are grouped and
coded only according to injector type:
ACCCA Water injector
ACCCB Gas injector
ACCCC Water and gas injector
ACCD Branched injectors
Included hereunder are completions for branch drilled injection wells – i.e. wells for injection of water, gas
and/or water and gas (WAG). Branch drilled injection wells are drilled through the well bore and casing in the
upper part of an existing (drilled) well and further to target location.
As for standard injectors, also completions of branched injectors are in general simpler than completions of
producer wells, but most of the same types of completions may be applied. For practical reasons the
completions of Branched Injectors are grouped and coded only according to injector type:
ACCDA Water injector
ACCDB Gas injector
ACCDC Water and gas injector
AD Subsea production systems
Subsea production systems comprise
 production station being either a multi-well manifold template or single satellite well structure(s),
 manifold station for gathering flow from/to production station(s),
 riser base for support of marine production riser or loading terminal,
 subsea separation/booster station/injection station for separation gas/oil from a subsea installation and
transfer for further processing/injection,
 ubilicals and control distribution unit(s) (CDU), which provide the control and monitoring link between the
subsea station (being any of the mentioned installations) and its mother facility and/or between different
subsea stations within the field,
 tools for subsea facilities,
 infield transport including riser base(s) for support of marine production riser or loading terminal and
pipeline end module(s) (PLEM) for flowline distribution, which provides the transportation link between a
subsea installation and the production facility and/or between different subsea, stations within the field,
 power cables and power control distribution unit(s) (PCDU) for subsea facilities,
 risers (dynamic/flexible and hybrid), riser towers,

 well spacer/pre-drilling templates and subsea distribution unit (SDU) are covered,
 specific equipment installed at a mother facility (e.g. platform or onshore facility) for monitoring and
control of the subsea production system.
Some particular references: For pipelines transporting processed gases and fluids, see PBS AE with
subcodes. For artificial seabed, see PBS ABS.
Subsea production systems are subdivided and coded as follows:
ADA Production station
The production station includes all facilities/items/components required/installed on the seabed in order to
control and transport flow from/to the reservoir (wellstream, injection water and gas, etc.) to a manifold station
for gathering the flows or direct to a mother facility for further processing, as well as facilities for control and
transport of injection fluids.
The production station may be designed as a multi-well template structure or as single satellite well structure,
and is subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
ADAA Template structure
The template structure is installed and secured to the seabed and provides a base for drilling, for support of
subsea production and for control equipment/components.
Installation aids, piles/skirts, mudmats and levelling equipment are included within the code as required. Also
included are outfitting items such as pull-in porches, receiver funnels (fixed tie-in devices), hinges, etc.
The codes split between multi-well and single well stations. The codes split further between structures without
and with integrated protection. A production station without protection structure can be used for very deep-
water fields, however, restrictions are made against this type of structure for several exploitation zones.
Normally, a protection structure is included to protect the equipment against dropped objects. The protection
structure may be designed to be overtrawlable; i.e. it protects the trawl gear against damage.
ADAAA Multi-well/manifold template without protection structure
A template structure with multiple wellslots, supporting a manifold system and components/items related to
subsea completion systems as well as production control and monitoring systems.
ADAAB Single satellite without protection structure
A single satellite structure without protection may be a guide base structure itself. It supports
components/items related to subsea completion systems as well as production control and monitoring
systems.
ADAAC Multi-well/manifold template with integrated protection structure
A template structure with multiple wellslots, supporting a manifold system and components/items related to
subsea completion systems as well as production control and monitoring systems.
Includes also an integrated structure to protect the station against dropped objects, such as anchor chains,
trawl gear etc. or any other damages for installation in restricted areas with regard to trawling. The protection
structure may also be designed as fully overtrawlable, i.e. the structure protects the trawl gear against
damage.
ADAAD Single satellite with integrated protection structure
Includes single satellite structures, often permanent guide base structures which support components/items
related to subsea completion systems as well as production control and monitoring systems.
Includes also an integrated structure to protect the satellite well against dropped objects, such as anchor
chains, trawl gear etc or any other damages, for installation in restricted areas with regard to trawling. The

protection structure may also be designed as fully overtrawlable, i.e. the structure protects the trawl gear
against damage.
This code also covers the concept of single satellite structure designed as a silo.
ADAAE Multi-well protection structure
Protection structure for multi-well/manifold templates. I.e. a structure to protect against dropped objects,
anchor chains, trawl gear etc. or any other damages. The protection structure may also be designed as fully
overtrawlable.
ADAAF Single satellite protection structure
Protection structure for single satellite templates. I.e. a structure to protect against dropped objects, anchor
chains, trawl gear etc. or any other damages. The protection structure may also be designed as fully
overtrawlable.
ADAB Manifold/piping area
A system of piping, valves and associated equipment on a production station, used to gather produced fluids
or distribute injection fluids to the wells. The manifold will also include required service functions such as
methanol injection for hydrate prevention, TFL (through flow line) service, etc.
The manifold may be in the form of a valve block with conduits and corresponding flanges for valves and
piping. The manifold system may be designed as a separate retrievable structure.
The manifold/piping area covers normally the following items:
Valves
Valves related to manifold system, of gate or ball valve type, remotely or mechanically operated, integrated in
the piping or of an insert type.
Manifold piping
Piping systems for gathering produced fluids/distribute injection fluids, normally in stainless steel (duplex).
Hydraulic distribution
Includes the piping/tubing for distribution of hydraulic oil for control functions.
Cabling, hydraulic and electrical connectors and interface items to control modules are part of the code for
«production control and monitoring system», see PBS ADAD.
HIPPS (high integrity pressure protection system) is to prevent over-pressurisation of pipline by shutting off
the source of the high pressure.
Choke module or flow control module (FCM)

The flow control module is normally part of the X-mas tree system and acts as a platform for equipment to
regulate (choke) and monitor (instruments) the well flow. The flow control module can be installed and
retrieved separately from the x-mas tree. In some applications the flow control module is also a bridging
module between the Xmas tree and the manifold. The flow control module is also called a choke module or
Xmas tree choke, but the main difference is that the flow control module includes a multiphase meter.
Pigging facilities
Includes permanent facilities for pigging, which may be a pigging module including valves, piping and
connectors or a separate arrangement for round trip pigging.
Single satellite piping

Covers the piping system for single wells, with isolation valves, piping and hydraulic distribution.
Connection equipment
Includes all hubs, seal plates and clamps defined for the manifold system. Also included are special
connection equipment for tie-ins and connections between manifold and X-mas tree required for diverless
installation.

ADAC Subsea completion system
Includes equipment on a production station specifically related to the well, being an oil or gas producer, or a
gas or water injector. The subsea completion system comprises the subsea wellhead system, tubing hanger
and X-mas tree and as required, subsea chokes and test equipment, as outlined in the following:
ADACA Wellhead system
The subsea wellhead performs the same general function as a conventional surface wellhead. It supports
and seals casing strings, as well as supporting the blow-out preventer (BOP) stack during drilling and the tree
after completion. The functional requirements are similar to comparable surface equipment, but the design is
different due to the need for remotely operations of casing landing, sealing and completion from surface.
A typical subsea wellhead system includes such as
 a temporary guide base which attach wire guidelines to the drilling vessel allowing subsea re-entry to the
well and providing guidance for subsea components,
 a conductor housing which is attached to the conductor casing and provides the installation point for the
permanent guide base, as well as a landing area for the wellhead housing,
 a permanent guide base which provides positive guidance for the BOP (blow-out preventer) stack during
drilling and for the subsea tree during completion,
 permanent guide base to ensure correct interface between wellhead and template/satellite,
 a wellhead housing which provides a landing area for all subsequent casing strings and a profile for
attachment of the BOP stack or subsea tree,
 the casing hangers and seal assemblies, which hang off casing strings and seal the annuli as additional
casing strings are run.
ADACB X-mas tree system
Tubing hanger
The subsea tubing hanger system suspends the tubing inside the wellhead and locks and seal off the
tubing/production casing annulus. The system includes conduits for well fluids, annulus and control and
monitoring functions.
X-mas tree
The X-mas tree controls the production or the injection fluids. The subsea tree consists of an arrangement of
remotely controlled valves to interrupt or direct flow when necessary for operational or safety reasons. The
subsea tree differs from the surface tree by its design of remotely control and underwater services.
Subsea trees are normally designed for two categories; through flowline (TFL) and non-through flowline (non-
TFL) tree design. TFL trees are designed for use of pump down tools in well bore maintenance, whilst non-
TFL trees require wireline operations for well bore maintenance. Both categories may be designed for diver-
assisted or diverless operations.
Further included within this code are the wellhead connector, tree cap, structural parts and intervention
fixtures.
Test equipment
Includes all special equipment required for testing of subsea completion equipment/system.
ADAD Production control and monitoring system

The system facilitates the control of subsea wells from a mother facility which normally include the remote
monitoring of key parameters such as wellhead pressures and temperatures and covers both the surface
control and the subsea production control systems as outlined under the subcodes following:
ADADA Topside (surface) production control system
Control equipment installed on the platform topside or onshore. Normally it includes subsea units in a local
control room (also incl. surface test equipment and umbilical termination devices), SPCU (subsea power and
communication unit) and a hydraulic power unit (HPU). The topside computers are normally excluded, as this
is a part of the platform control system delivery.

ADADB Subsea production control and monitoring system
This code includes the sub-surface part of the control system, which covers the following items:
Subsea control module/pod

Unless a direct control system is selected, a subsea control module (SCM) with its base will normally be
installed on the X-mas trees and in the manifold system.
Subsea sensors
Subsea sensors are normally used for pressure and temperature monitoring and installed on the X-mas tree.
Monitoring of choke functions will also require sensors. Downhole sensors are not included.
Power and signal distribution

For manifold wells, the power and signals are normally distributed from the umbilical(s) to the individual
control pods.
Umbilical termination
At each subsea connection point the umbilicals will be terminated and hydraulic and/or electric connectors
installed. This subelement also includes termination heads for integrated service umbilicals. 50 % of the
termination outfitting is to be included hereunder, the remaining 50 % (often termed "outboard hub") is to be
PBS coded under ADE.
Test equipment
Production control and monitoring system require dedicated test equipment, whereas this code covers
subsea installed items.
For surface installed parts of the test equipment PBS ADADA applies.
ADAE Workover system
The workover/completion system is a temporary system that is used during the following two scenarios:
 completion: to install all well equipment during installation and completion of a subsea well before
operation start-up;
 workover: to perform well maintenance (intervention) on subsea wells.
The workover/completion system consists of the following sub-systems:
 workover control system (WOCS);

 workover riser system;
 workover umbilical reels.
There are several different workover systems available. The systems differ depending on several variables,
such as
 type of rig/vessel,
 completion/workover programme and philosophy,
 live well operations or not.
The most common systems are
 landing string systems for running in marine riser,

 simplified landing string systems for running in marine riser,
 open water systems with workover risers,
 riserless open water systems.
These are generalized types of systems, and there are almost infinite variables within these general systems.
For rented tools (from tool pool), see PBS ADF.

Workover riser system equipment

The workover riser system is used for installation and retrieval of the X-mas tree system, and consists
normally of equipment like lower riser package, emergency disconnect unit, workover riser and surface flow
tree. Additional running tools may also be a part of the system.
Workover control system equipment

The workover control system is used to control the workover riser system. The equipment consists of a
topside supply and communication module.
Components necessary for testing related to subsea, including test equipment, handling equipment, dummy
structures, dedicated consumables, etc. shall be included under this code. Range of testing covers
integration testing, shallow water testing and commissioning.
ADAF Intervention system
The purpose of the intervention and tooling system is to install, connect, operate and retrieve different parts
of the subsea production systems.
For rented tools (from tool pool), see PBS ADF.
Intervention system equipment and tools (ROT)

The intervention system (ROT system) may consist of a tool carrier connected to dedicated tools for pull-in
and connection, for running of control pods and insert pieces. Alternatively, it may consist of a system with
separate tools only.
ROV/ROMV and tools

Included are remotely operated vehicles (ROV), remotely operated maintenance vehicles (ROMV) and
necessary tooling which are purpose built for dedicated development projects.
Intervention control system equipment

The control system for the intervention system normally consists of equipment like a topside supply and
communication unit.
Test equipment
Equipment required for testing of tools as well as for integration testing. May include dummy manifolds and
pull-in ramps.
For test equipment for the production control and monitoring system, see PBS ADAD with subcodes.
Tie-in devices like pull-in porches, receiver funnels, etc. fixed to the subsea stations are regarded as part of
the stations.
ADB Manifold station
The manifold station includes all facilities/items/components required/installed on seabed in order to gather,
control and transport fluid from production station(s) to further processing facilities as well as facilities for
control, distribution and transport of injection fluids to the production station(s).
The code for manifold station includes the structure, the manifold/piping area and the control system, as
ADBA Template structure
The structure is installed and secured to the seabed and provides a base support for the subsea production
and control equipment/components.
Installation aids, piles/skirts, mudmats, levelling equipment and fixed tie-in devices, etc. are included within
the code as required.
The code is further split between structures without and with integrated protection. A manifold station without
protection structure can be used for very deep-water fields; however, restrictions are made against this type
of structure for several exploitation zones.

Normally, a protection structure is included to protect the equipment against dropped objects. The protection
structure may be designed to be overtrawlable. Structure is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ADBAA Manifold without protection structure
A structure, supporting a manifold system for produced or injection fluids and components/items related to
distribution of subsea production control and monitoring systems.
ADBAB Manifold with integrated protection structure
A structure, supporting a manifold system for produced or injection fluids and components/items related to
distribution of subsea production control and monitoring systems.
Includes also an integrated structure to protect the station against dropped objects, such as anchor chains,
trawl gear etc or any other damages for installation in restricted areas with regard to trawling. The protection
structure may also be designed as fully overtrawlable.
ADBAC Manifold protection structure
Protection structure for manifold templates. I.e. a structure to protect against dropped objects, anchor chains,
trawl gear etc. or any other damages. The protection structure may also be designed as fully overtrawlable.
ADBB Manifold/piping area
A system of piping, valves and associated equipment used to gather produced fluids or distribute injection
fluids. The manifold will also include required service functions such as methanol injection for hydrate
prevention, TFL service, etc.
The manifold may be in the form of a valve block with conduits and corresponding flanges for valves and
piping. The manifold system may be designed as a separate retrievable structure.
The following items are covered by this code:
Valves
Valves related to manifold system, of gate or ball valve type, remotely or mechanically operated, integrated in
the piping or of an insert type.
Manifold piping
Piping systems for gathering produced fluids/distribute injection fluids, normally in stainless steel (duplex).
HIPPS (high integrity pressure protection system) is to prevent over-pressurisation of pipline by shutting off
the source of the high pressure.
Hydraulic distribution
Includes the piping/tubing for distribution of hydraulic control functions.
Cabling, hydraulic and electrical connectors and interface items to control modules are part of the code for
«control system» (see PBS ADBC).
Pigging facilities
Includes permanent facilities for pigging, which may be a pigging module including valves, piping and
connectors or a separate arrangement for round trip pigging.
Connection equipment
Includes all hubs, seal plates and clamps defined for the manifold system. For diverless installations, special
connection equipment will be used for tie-ins.
ADBC Control system
The manifold station will normally distribute power and control signals. Some installations will also include
control system for manifold or X-mas tree functions. Included are such as

Manifold control pod

The manifold may support control pod with its base.
Power and signal distribution

The power and signals are normally distributed from the main umbilical(s) to the umbilicals for each well
and/or to the control pods.
Umbilical termination
At each subsea connection point the umbilicals will be terminated and hydraulic and/or electric connectors
installed. This subelement also includes termination heads for integrated service umbilicals. 50 % of the
outfitting is to be coded hereunder, the remaining 50 % is to be PBS coded under ADE.
ADD Subsea separation/booster station/injection station
These stations have recently found commercial application. Facilities considered hereunder are subsea
facilities to separate and/or pump untreated hydrocarbons, as well as for injection purposes.
Booster stations within transport systems are separately coded, under PBS AEAJ.
The stations are subdivided and coded as follows:
ADDA Structure
A seabed founded structure fabricated/constructed normally in steel, which houses and provides support and
protection for subsea separation/booster/injection station equipment and systems. The structure may be
outfitted with piping, pull-in porches and connection equipment where required.
ADDB Separation equipment
Subsea separation equipment considers various gas/oil separators with individual offtake to other facilities for
further processing.
ADDC Pumping equipment
Subsea pumping equipment for
 transfer from subsea separation plant of liquids to surface facilities,

 liquid flowline booster pumps/pump stations.
ADDD Compression equipment
Subsea installed compression equipment for gas flowlines and for injection purposes.
ADDE Manifold/piping area
May comprise of production and test manifolds from wells, liquid and gas headers, valves and controllers for
pipeline transfer to other facilities and pigging systems.
For subsea pig launcher/receiver, see PBS ADF.
ADDF Subsea completion system
Includes any components of the subsea completion system related to the PBS ADD stations.
For umbilicals, see PBS ADE. For subsea completion system for production stations, see PBS ADAC.
ADDG Power equipment
Includes power equipment and devices as well as power cables on the stations.

This code covers also a new power module concept. The concept includes a total system for distribution and
control of electrical power on the station. The power is normally supplied from topside facilities in one sea
cable.
For the sea power cable, see PBS ADL.
ADDH Control system
At each subsea connection point the umbilicals will be terminated and hydraulic and/or electric connectors be
installed. This code include termination heads for integrated service umbilicals where relevant, control
components, signal cables and hydraulic lines with accessories; all located on the stations. 50 % of the
termination outfitting is to be included hereunder, the remaining 50 % is to be PBS coded under ADE.
For umbilicals, see PBS ADE. For power supply cables from surface facilities to the PBS ADD stations, see
PBS ADL.
ADE Umbilical system
This system provides the control and monitoring link between the stations/bases under PBS AD and the
mother facility (i.e. topsides or onshore facilities) and between the stations/bases.
Well service functions such as methanol injection lines, may also be included in the umbilical. Umbilicals are
both static as for flowlines and dynamic as for risers to floating platforms.
Battery limits of the umbilical system are the connection points on the stations/bases and at the mother
facility.
Some particular references: For umbilicals for offshore pipeline transport systems, see PBS AEAG. For
separate power cables to PBS ADD type stations, see PBS ADL. For integrated production umbilical (IPU),
see PBS ADKAB. For onshore control cables/umbilicals to shore approach (for subsea facilities), see PBS
BCDF.
The umbilical system is subdivided and coded as follows:
ADEA Umbilicals
Includes hydraulic, electro-hydraulic and integrated service umbilicals, and electrical or fibre-optical
signal/control cables, for remote control of the stations/bases covered under PBS AD.
ADEB Umbilical protection
Protection of the umbilicals/cables may include trenching with or without backfill, rock/gravel dumping and/or
grout bags/mattresses.
ADEC Crossings
Crossings of the umbilicals/cables over existing pipelines or other umbilicals/cables may involve trenching,
rock/gravel dumping, grout bags/mattresses or a bridged construction. Crossings are subcoded as follows:
ADECA Umbilical/cable crossing
A crossing designed for crossing over other umbilicals/cables.
ADECB Pipeline crossing
Crossing of the umbilicals/cables over existing/installed pipelines.
ADED Umbilical risers
Includes risers for the umbilicals/cables, normally of a dynamic type.

ADEE Umbilical distribution – subsea umbilical distribution unit (SUDU)
Includes subsea distribution from a control umbilical as one large line to several minor lines. The unit consists
of a foundation structure with a protection structure and a distribution facility:
 umbilical distribution consists of electrical jumpers and hydraulic pipes and tie-in.
The SUDU can also have a separate control system (to be included hereunder).
ADEL Shore approach
This code is relevant for subsea station/base control from onshore facilities. Shore approach covers the
transmission area between subsea and land. The umbilicals/cables have to be protected against impact and
erosion due to waves, traffic and similar.
The shore approach may be of a tunnel or trenched type, starting onshore and ending in the sea at a depth
safe for outside impact, both covered under this code.
ADF Tools system
This code covers tools for the units/elements covered under PBS AD. The tools and their purpose are
outlined below.
The tool requirements are often project specific, but renting/hiring/leasing of tools from tool pools have
increased; Companies normally operate a tool pool for servicing a multiple of projects/fields.
The tools system may include such as
Hired completion, workover and intervention tools and equipment

Tools, normally operated from the drilling rig for well completion, X-mas tree installation and well intervention
and miscellaneous running tools required for tree cap installation, control pod and insert valve/choke
replacement, etc. This category of tools also includes workover riser, lower riser package and ROV
equipment (remote operated vehicle).
Pull-in and connection tools

Diverless tools for the tie-in of infield pipelines and umbilicals/cables to the X-mas tree manifold, subsea
stations or riser bases.
Hired control system for tools

The control system may be integrated into one or several systems depending on project requirements.
Generally, a hydraulic control system with ROV support will be used. The control system may include
 installation and workover control system,

 intervention control system,
 intervention umbilical system,
 etc.
Hired ROV/ROMV/ROT tooling

Associated operating tools used for various intervention tasks. Most projects require specialised tools.
Test equipment
Equipment required for testing of tools as well as for integration testing. May include dummy manifolds and
pull-in ramps.
For test equipment for the production control and monitoring system, see PBS ADAD with subcodes.
Tie-in devices like pull-in porches, receiver funnels, etc. fixed to the subsea stations are regarded as part of
the stations.

ADK Infield pipelines
These pipelines provide the transportation link between subsea and platform production facilities or between
subsea and land based production facilities. Infield pipelines are subdivided and coded as outlined in the
following:
ADKA Pipelines
A pipeline system as covered hereunder, begins with the one halve of the connector used at the production
facility with no processing capacity and which ends at one of the following facilities:
 the one half of a connector used at another subsea facility;

 the pipeline side of a surface connection or weld at the top of a platform riser (see PBS ADKF);
 the connecting point in the shore approach area in the case of land based processing of the wellstream
from the subsea production stations (for the onshore side of the pipeline PBS BDA is deemed to apply).
The half of a connector at a pipeline end (often termed "outboard hub") follows the infield pipeline, while at
the other half (often termed "inboard hub") on a structure/station is to be PBS coded under the
structure/station code.
The infield pipelines may be of single line type or of bundled type (i.e. a multiple of lines enclosed within e.g. a
protection pipe), as outlined under the following subcodes:
ADKAA Single line
This code covers single lines, i.e. separate one-medium/one-purpose lines. The single lines (rigid or flexible)
may be dedicated to a number of separate purposes such as
 flowlines – used for production and, in some cases, for servicing wells. The term flowlines generally is
applied to pipelines upstream of processing facilities,
 gathering lines – used for transporting produced fluids from two or more wellhead facilities within a field
to a central treating and/or processing location,
 injection lines – used for the injection of water, gas, methanol or other chemicals to a wellhead facility,
 service lines – includes test and hydraulic lines used for the control of a wellhead facility, annulus
access/monitoring lines and kill lines. Some of these lines are often incorporated into an umbilical.
Included is also one half of a connector in each flowline end.
ADKAB Bundled line
The bundled line carries a multiple of lines for similar purposes as outlined under the previous code. The
bundled line may also contain signal cables and power cables.
This code covers 3 types of bundled lines:
 pipe-in–pipe;
 a spacious outer protection pipe (carrier pipe) enclosing sleeve pipe and pipes for various mediums,
cables, etc.;
 IPU – integrated production umbilical; a new concept now under qualification testing. This is an umbilical
with a flowline (at present "6-12") in the center in addition to the other lines/cables.
For traditional umbilicals (without flowline) for subsea facilities, see PBS ADE with subcodes.
ADKB Expansion loops
I.e. expansion spool pieces normally built up of welded line pipe. The expansion loop act as a link between
e.g. the flowline end on the seabed and normally a platform substructure riser (or a subsea station).
The shape of expansion loop (U-, L- and/or S-shape) will depend on topography/location of riser and pipeline
end. In particular cases flexible pipes may be used for the purpose.
For expansion loops for transport pipelines, see PBS AEAB.

ADKD Pipeline protection
Protection of pipelines defined under PBS ADKA codes may include trenching with or without backfill,
rock/gravel dumping and/or use of grout bags/mattresses. The protection hereunder is against dropping
objects, overtrawling, anchoring and similar physical exposure.
Rigid infield pipelines with coating (weight and corrosion) are to be PBS coded under ADKA.
ADKE Crossings
This code covers special measures taken to protect infield pipelines, as outlined below:
ADKEA Umbilical/cable crossing
A crossing designed for crossing of infield lines over existing/installed umbilicals/cables. Crossing may be of
grout bag construction (mattresses), bridged (mechanical) crossing or other.
ADKEB Pipeline crossing
Crossing of infield pipelines over existing/installed pipelines. Crossing may be of grout bag construction,
stone filling, bridged (mechanical) crossing or other.
ADKF Risers
This code covers risers for PBS ADKA pipelines, other than hybrid type risers.
Risers hereunder are pipes, rigid or flexible, extending from either subsea riser bases/wells or from subsea
mechanical/hyperbaric tie-in point to surface facilities' manifold connections for oil and gas. Risers may in
general be
a) preinstalled forming part of substructure outfitting, routed through conductor frames/guides in the
substructure (e.g. in a jacket),
b) post-installed,
c) pulled through J-tubes installed in the substructure.
This code covers flexible risers as well as rigid risers of category b) and/or c).
Some particular references: For category a risers, these are PBS coded under relevant substructures; e.g.
preinstalled risers in jackets are PBS coded under ABAE. For rigid risers extending from well spacer/pre-
drilling template to floating platforms with "dry" x-mas trees (e.g. TLPs, SPARs, etc.), the risers are to be PBS
coded under the substructure (e.g. under PBS ABLE and ABQE for TLPs and SPARs respectively). For
hybrid risers and riser towers, see PBS ADM.
ADKG Riser base
A base structure which may be needed to support a marine production (and injection) riser and which serves
to react loads on the riser throughout its service life. The structure may also include a pipeline connection
capability. Riser base is subdivided and coded as follows below.
Riser bases for transport pipelines are separately coded within PBS AEAF.
ADKGA Structure
The structure is installed on the seabed and provides the support for the riser. The structure may be
equipped with piping, pull-in porches and connection outfitting where required.
ADKGB Manifold/piping area
Manifolds/piping may be incorporated in the riser base.

ADKGC Control system
Power and signal distribution and control functions may form a part of a riser base.
ADKH Flowline distribution – pipeline end module (PLEM)
Includes subsea distribution from a flowline as one large line to several minor lines. The unit consists of a
foundation structure with a protection structure and a distribution facility:
 flowline distribution consists of valves/piping and tie-in.
The PLEM can also have a separate control system (to be included hereunder).
ADKL Shore approach
If e.g. flowlines are delivering wellstream to land based processing facilities, the lines has to pass the
transition area between subsea and land (shore approach).
In the transition area the lines will normally be trenched (with backfilling), but may be protected in a purpose
built tunnel, both covered under this code.
ADL Power cables for subsea facilities
Subsea separation/booster station/injection stations (see PBS ADD) will usually need a high effect power
supply from surface facilities, i.e. from topside facilities or from land based facilities.
This code covers a separate offshore cable system for the supply of electrical power to the above listed
subsea stations. Battery limits are the cable connection points at the stations and the topside connection
point or the connection point in the shore approach area (for onshore power supply from power plant or
national grid).
Some particular references: For electric power supply to subsea production or manifold station via umbilicals,
see PBS ADE (or PBS ADKAB for integrated production umbilical). For onshore power cables (land cables),
see under PBS BDD. For offshore signal and control cables to subsea facilities, see PBS ADEA.
The power cable system for subsea facilities is subdivided and coded as follows:
ADLA Cables for subsea facilities
ADLB Cable protection
ADLC Crossings
ADLCA Umbilical/cable crossing
ADLCB Pipeline crossing
ADLD Risers
ADLE Power distribution – power control distribution unit (PCDU)
Includes subsea distribution from a power cable as one large line to several minor lines. The unit consists of
a foundation structure with a protection structure and a distribution facility:
 power distribution may consist of a transformer, internal cables and tie-in.
The PCDU can also have a separate control system (to be included hereunder).

ADLL Shore approach
Due to the similarity in code structure, etc. with sea cables and umbilicals, a reference is given to e.g. PBS
ADE for further details.
ADM Hybrid risers and riser towers
This new concept considers a tower with internal risers and flexible risers from the tower top to e.g. a floating
platform.
The risers may be production risers, import/export risers, etc.
The code covers the tower with structure, outfitting (structural and other outfitting), foundation (piling or
similar), etc., as well as risers (rigid and flexible).
For the concept artificial seabed, see PBS ABS.
AE Transport systems
This code covers offshore transport pipeline and cable systems and adjoining facilities like local offtake and
storage systems.
AEA Pipeline systems
Includes offshore transport facilities for processed hydrocarbons – liquids and/or gases, and also CO2 for
offshore deposit. Associated injection lines and umbilicals are also included.
Some particular references: For infield pipelines/flowlines, see PBS ADK. For onshore pipelines, see PBS
BDA.
Pipeline systems are subdivided and coded as follows:
AEAA Pipelines
Pipeline systems as covered herein, begin with both halves of the connector used at the offshore processing
facility (platform riser) and end with one of the following:
 both halves of a connector used at another offshore facility;

 the pipeline side of a land facility connection.
Pipelines may be dedicated to a number of special purposes including but not limited to the following:
AEAAA Production/trunk line
The lines are used for transportation of treated wellstream, fluids or gas. The term production line generally is
applied to pipelines downstream of offshore processing facilities and upstream of land facilities or other
offshore facilities.
AEAAB Injection line
Lines used for the injection/delivery of water, gas, methanol or other chemicals to an offshore platform facility
with processing capability.
For injection lines to subsea wellhead facilities, see under PBS ADK.
AEAB Expansion loops
Includes expansion spool pieces normally built up of welded line pipe. The expansion loop act as a link
between the transport pipeline ends on the seabed and normally a platform substructure riser. The shape of
the spool (U-, L-, and S-shape) will depend on topography/location of riser and pipeline end. In particular
cases flexible pipes may be used for the purpose.

AEAC Pipeline protection
Protection of pipelines defined under previous PBS AEA codes, may include trenching with or without backfill,
rock/gravel dumping and/or grout bag/mattresses protection. The protection hereunder is against dropping
objects, overtrawling, anchoring and similar physical exposure.
Transport pipelines with coating (related to weight and corrosion) are to be PBS coded under AEAA.
AEAD Crossings
Crossings over existing pipelines or umbilicals/cables may involve trenching, rock/gravel dumping with or
without back filling, grout bags/mattresses or a bridge. The crossings are subcoded as follows:
AEADA Umbilical/cable crossing
A crossing designed for crossing of transport pipelines over existing/installed umbilicals/cables.
AEADB Pipeline crossing
Crossing of transport pipelines over existing/installed pipelines.
AEAE Conventional risers
This code covers risers for PBS AEA pipelines, other than hybrid type risers.
Risers hereunder are pipes, rigid or flexible, extending from either subsea riser bases or from subsea
mechanical/hyperbaric tie-in point to surface facilities' import/export manifold connections for import/export of
oil and gas. Risers may in general be
a) preinstalled forming part of substructure outfitting, routed through conductor frames/guides in the
substructure (e.g. in a jacket),
b) post-installed,
c) be pulled through J-tubes installed in the substructure.
This code covers flexible risers as well as rigid risers of category b) and/or c). The risers are subcoded
according to pipeline type as follows:
AEAEA Production/trunk line
AEAEB Injection line
Some particular references: For category a risers, these are PBS coded under relevant substructures; e.g.
preinstalled risers in jackets are PBS coded under ABAE. For rigid pipeline risers extending from well
spacer/predrilling template to floating platforms with "dry" X-mas trees (e.g. TLPs, SPARS, etc.), the risers
are to be PBS coded under the substructure (e.g. under PBS ABLE and ABQE for TLPs and SPARs
respectively). For hybrid risers and riser towers, see PBS ADM.
AEAF Riser bases
A riser base is the subsea facility/connection point between the riser(s) to a floating production facility and a
pipeline, consisting of a structure and outfitting:
AEAFA Structure
The Structure is to provide support for the riser and to house connections.
AEAFB Outfitting
Outfitting includes a system of piping and associated equipment used to connect the export/import risers to
the pipeline.

AEAG Umbilical/cable system
This code covers the umbilical/cable system for remote operation/control of pipeline valve stations and/or
booster stations and for electrical powering of it. The system is subdivided and coded as follows:
AEAGA Umbilicals/cables
Includes hydraulic, electro-hydraulic and/or integrated service umbilical. Included are also electrical
control/signal cables (also fibre-optical cables where relevant) and power cables for e.g. pipeline booster
stations.
AEAGB Umbilical protection
Protection of the umbilicals/cables may include trenching with or without backfilling, rock/gravel dumping
and/or grout bags/mattresses.
AEAGC Crossings
Crossings of umbilicals/cables over existing pipelines or umbilicals/cables may involve trenching with or
without backfilling, rock/gravel dumping, grout bags/mattresses or a bridged construction. Crossings are
subcoded as follows:
AEAGCAUmbilical/cable crossing
AEAGCB Pipeline crossing
AEAGD Umbilical risers
Includes risers for umbilicals/cables normally of dynamic type.
AEAGE Shore approach
If e.g. a pipeline booster or valve station is controlled from land based facilities, the umbilicals/cables have to
pass the transition area between subsea and land (shore approach).
In the transition area the umbilicals/cables will normally be trenched (with backfilling), but may be protected in
a tunnel; both covered by this code.
This code covers separate shore approach for the umbilicals/cables. If the shore approach is combined for
both transport pipelines and related umbilicals/cables, PBS AEAL with subcodes apply.
For land cables for remote control, see PBS BCDF.
AEAH Valve stations/connection points
Include subsea facilities to connect and regulate the flow for one or more transport pipelines. There are
different types of facilities including:
AEAHA Y-connection
A subsea structure which connects two pipelines of the same diameter together to one pipeline. All the
pipelines have the same diameter and the connection is pigable.
AEAHB T-connection
Two pipelines often with different diameter, are connected together through a T-connection. The flow can be
directed either from two to one pipeline or the opposite way. The branch line of this connection is not pigable,
and if needed a subsea pig-launcher/receiver must be constructed as part of the total structure.

AEAHC ESD valve station

Emergency shutdown valves are valves placed as part of the subsea pipeline and the function is to shut down
the flow to prevent leakage and pollution in emergency situations.
AEAJ Booster stations
Booster stations herein consist of both subsea installed pumping booster stations for liquid export and
compressor booster stations for transfer of treated gas, both related to transport pipelines. The stations are
subdivided and coded as outlined in the following.
For subsea booster stations, see PBS ADD.
AEAJA Structure
The structure is designed to house and support the installed outfitting and to protect the booster station
against trawl gear, anchor chains or any other damages.
AEAJB Outfitting
Outfitting includes the system of piping, pumps, compressors and associated equipment used to increase the
pressure in the pipeline.
AEAJC Test facilities
Test facilities includes all facilities designed to test and verify the final product, including prototyping and
testing of these.
AEAK Surface control facilities
Surface control facilities consist of facilities placed either onboard platforms or onshore, and the purpose is to
control the pipeline flow and/or control the various subsea facilities described under PBS AEA.
For umbilicals/cables for control of valve stations and/or booster stations, see PBS AEAG.
AEAL Shore approach
Shore approach hereunder covers the transition area between subsea and land for transport pipelines. The
pipelines have to be protected against impact and erosion due to waves. It includes tunnel or beach types as
subcoded and outlined below:
AEALA Tunnel
The tunnel can either be a prefabricated concrete structure, constructed in a dry dock and towed in position
and submerged, or a tunnel blast out in rock. The tunnel starts above sea level and ends at a depth below
sea level where waves do not damage the pipelines.
AEALB Beach
Shore approach on a beach normally consists of a trench starting onshore and ends out in the sea at a depth
below sea level where tie-in can be performed. Back filling follows after pipeline installation.
AEB Local offtake systems
The term local offtake systems and this code relate to offshore loading facilities with or without storage, which
transfer processed liquid hydrocarbons to shuttle tankers and act as a mooring system. Local offtake
systems may be
 buoyant structures catenary anchored to the seabed,

 rigid/fixed structures,
 compliant structures with seabed piled bases and articulated base joints,
 systems comprising flexible catenary risers/buoyancy elements and offloading hoses.

There exists a large variety of designs of local offtake systems for different purposes, systems defined
hereunder are limited to the pipeline connection between the riser base(s) of the local offtake system
(pipeline from production facilities is not included) including all structures, appurtenances, machinery and
equipment and limited to the loading hose connection to shuttle tankers.
Some particular references: loading hoses (transfer hoses) between floating production, storage and offshore
loading units (FPSOs) or floating storage units (FSUs) and shuttle tankers are deemed to be part of FPSOs
or FSUs. FSUs (with loading system) are separately defined under PBS code AEC. Production turret systems
used in combination with FPSOs are defined under PBS Codes ABM and ABN. Flexible risers (for processed
hydrocarbons) extending from seabed to shuttle tanker/buoy, should be coded according to PBS code AEA
unless otherwise stated in the following.
Local offtake systems include
 articulated loading platform – (ALP)/single point mooring – (SPM),

 Ugland Kongsberg Offshore Loading System – (UKOLS),
 single anchor leg mooring (system) – (SALM),
 catenary anchor leg mooring (system) – (CALM),
 SPAR buoy,
 single anchor leg storage – (SALS),
 exposed location single buoy mooring – (ELSBM),
 catenary anchor leg rgid arm mooring – (CALRAM),
 single buoy storage – (SBS),
 fixed towers – (FT),
 submerged turret loading system – (STL),
 single anchor loading system – (SAL).
Some of the offtake systems outlined in the following may be relevant both for loading of shuttle tankers and
FSUs. However, PBS code AEB only applies for loading systems for shuttle tankers.
AEBA Articulated loading platform – (ALP)
A compliant structure (incl. rigid risers) comprising a piled foundation gravity base, a universal joint for
transfer of product, a vertical column/shaft which may be constructed in steel as a truss type structure or
reinforced steel plated structure or in concrete, a rotating head equipped with loading arm/hose boom,
mooring hawser, loading hoses/connectors, helideck and essential emergency facilities. The head rotates on
a slewing ring, under loading the orientation of head/boom and shuttle tanker is towards prevailing weather
conditions.
An ALP is similar to a SPM – single point mooring
AEBB Ugland-Kongsberg Offshore Loading System – (UKOLS)
The UKOLS system is comprised of a riser base/foundation with flexible connector, a vertical compliant riser
supported by a subsurface buoy, a swivel assembly and a flexible catenary riser. The UKOLS system is
designed for loading of purpose built shuttle tankers equipped with full dynamic positioning equipment and
bow mounted manifold/connectors/coupling head. When the UKOLS system is abandoned after shuttle
loading the catenary riser lays on the seabed, the catenary riser is attached to a pick-up hawser and to a
surface marker buoy for later pick-up and retrieval for loading.
Flexible risers (for processed hydrocarbons) extending from seabed to shuttle tankers, should be coded
according to PBS code AEA.
AEBC Single anchor leg mooring – (SALM)
A compliant structure comprising a piled foundation gravity base, a universal joint for transfer of the product,
and
 a vertical column/shaft which may be constructed in steel as a truss type structure or reinforced steel
plated structure or in concrete with rigid riser,

 a buoyant surface buoy connected by chains to the base foundation and loading arm/hose boom,
mooring hawser-loading hoses/connectors.
SALM systems are used as
 permanently connected with soft or rigid yokes to floating storage units,

 as a shuttle tanker loading system with hose pick-up and loading.
For all SALM systems the orientation of head/yoke/lines and tanker is towards prevailing weather conditions.
AEBD Catenary anchor leg mooring – (CALM)
Includes a buoyant surface structure moored by a number of catenary anchor chains extending from the
buoyant loading buoy structure to seabed anchors or anchor piles.
The oil is transported from a pipeline end manifold via flexible risers to the surface CALM buoy.
CALM systems are used as
 permanently connected with soft or rigid yokes to floating storage units,

 as a shuttle tanker loading system with hose pick-up and loading.
For all CALM systems the orientation of head/yoke/lines and tanker is towards prevailing weather conditions.
Flexible risers from seabed to the CALM buoy are deemed to be PBS coded under AEA.
AEBE SPAR buoy
SPAR buoy is a large single point mooring system, and the buoy is a combined storage, pumping, metering
and offloading system, which requires manned operation.
The buoy is moored by a number of catenary anchor chains extending from the buoy structure to seabed
anchors or anchor piles.
The SPAR buoy comprises
 pipeline connection,
 central rigid risers,
 loading hoses,
 storage caisson/compartments,
 water treatment facilities,
 metering and pumping systems,
 control rooms,
 accommodation facilities,
 turntable,
 helideck,
 cranes/loading boom,
 transfer hoses,
 diving equipment and catenary anchor system.
For a SPAR buoy acting as a substructure for topsides (production) facilities, PBS code ABQ applies.
AEBF Single anchor leg storage – (SALS)
The SALS is a single point mooring and loading system normally designed specifically for permanent mooring
of floating storage units by means of rigid or soft mooring yokes. SALS is constructed with buoyancy tanks to
ensure that the anchor leg is always kept under tension to act as a rigid arm during operation. The compliant
structure comprises a piled foundation gravity base, a universal joint for transfer of product, and
 a vertical column/shaft which may be constructed in steel as a truss type structure or reinforced steel
plated structure or in concrete,

 a buoyant surface buoy connected by chains to the base foundation.
For both alternatives a loading arm/hose boom, mooring hawser and loading hoses/connectors are included.
AEBG Exposed location single buoy mooring – (ELSBM)
The exposed location single buoy mooring is a catenary anchored buoyant local offtake system, which
comprises of
 a mooring turntable/swivel system which permits tanker weathervaning,

 storage tanks in column,
 riser and pipeline end manifold connector,
 hoses,
 mooring hawser,
 mooring lines,
 helideck,
 essential facilities – emergency, control, power generation, diesel system, accommodation, etc.
The ELSBM normally serves under unmanned operation.
AEBH Catenary anchor leg rigid arm mooring – (CALRAM)
A buoyant surface structure moored by a number of catenary anchor chains extending from the buoyant
loading buoy structure to seabed anchors or anchor piles. The oil is transported from a pipeline end manifold
via flexible risers to the surface CALRAM buoy.
The CALRAM systems are normally permanently connected with yokes to floating storage units. The
orientation of head/yoke/lines and tanker is towards prevailing weather conditions.
The CALRAM is essentially like the CALM system with rigid arm mooring.
Flexible risers from the seabed – to the CALRAM buoy are deemed to be PBS coded under AEA.
AEBJ Single buoy storage – (SBS)
A buoyant surface structure moored by a number of catenary anchor chains extending from the buoyant
loading buoy structure to seabed anchors or anchor piles. The oil is transported from a pipeline end manifold
via flexible risers to the surface SBS buoy.
The SBS systems are normally permanently connected with soft or rigid yokes to floating storage units. The
orientation of head/yoke/lines and tanker is towards prevailing weather conditions.
The SBS is essentially like the CALRAM system.
Flexible risers from the seabed – to the SBS buoy are deemed to be PBS coded under AEA.
AEBK Fixed towers – (FT)
Fixed towers included hereunder group all forms of bottom founded piled steel jackets used for local offtake
systems. Fixed towers are typically used for field development in moderate water depths. The functions are
like the other systems – it comprises of
 a weathervaning rigid or soft yoke/wishbone normally permanently connected to a floating storage unit,
 a jacket structure which may be of tripod design or four legged design,
 rigid risers connected to supply pipelines.
Other terms given to fixed towers are
 tripod with articulated arms,

 tower wishbone mooring, and
 single point offshore loading system.

AEBL Submerged turret loading system – (STL)
The system – provided by advanced production and loading (APL) – comprises a disconnectable buoy
(docked into the hull during loading), outfitting and catenary mooring of the buoy. The oil is transported from
the seabed to the buoy and swivel via flexible risers. The STL system is applied for loading of both shuttle
tankers and FSUs (STP – a pendant to STL – is used in combination with FPSOs), and the STL system
includes:
The buoy, i.e. a buoyancy cone with internals (e.g. plating and stiffeners), turret shaft, bearings, riser
connection tube, swivel, etc.
Outfitting comprises turret equipment, etc. located outside the buoy and not integrated in the hull, including
such as
 buoy locking mechanism and other components located in the STL-compartment,

 pull-in winch and hydraulic power packs (normally located on deck),
 equipment to operate, monitor and control the system.
The mooring system – also termed mooring leg – includes
 anchors (e.g. suction anchors)/anchor piles,

 anchor chains, cables and connectors,
 mooring line buoyancy elements.
Flexible risers are to be coded under PBS code AEA.
AEBM Single anchor loading system – (SAL)
The SAL system is a combined loading and mooring system for shuttle tankers, where a riser/loading hose
and a mooring line are connected to a multifunction suction anchor, running to and connected to a
submerged buoyancy structure and further to a bow loading/mooring arrangement during operation.
SAL – also provided by advanced production and loading (APL) – is a low cost/simpler alternative to the STL
system, applicable for fields with less demanding operational requirements.
The system under this code comprises such as
 multifunction suction anchor with swivel and pipeline end module,

 mooring line with connectors,
 submerged buoyancy structure,
 flexible risers/loading hose with connectors,
 messenger line with buoy (for picking up of mooring line and hose).
AEC Offshore surface storage system
Offshore surface storage system considers a storage system normally for local offtake by shuttle tankers:
 surface facilities placed downstream of loading system comprising floating storage units (FSUs) which
are permanently moored for the purpose of storage and offtake;
 loading system for the FSU.
For storage facilities in vessels and buoys/towers, see PBS AB and AEB.
Surface storage facilities include permanently moored floating storage units:
 ship shaped tankers;

 purpose built barges;
 converted tankers/barges,

and other systems to receive stabilised crude oil from production facilities via loading system, store in tanks
and offload to shuttle tankers.
FSUs hereunder do not normally have any form of processing facilities.
As for ship type substructures, the SFI Group System main group I: ship general – for FSUs – is to be PBS
coded AEC due to the (common) nature of the main group.
For further subdivision of the FSU the following AEC codes apply (with main group numbers of the SFI Group
System given to the right):
PBS codes: Main groupo:
AECA Structure/hull 2
AECB Ship outfitting
AECBA Equipment for cargo 3
AECBB Ship equipment 4
AECBC Equipment for crew and passengers 5
AECBD Machinery main components 6
AECBE System for machinery main components 7
AECBF Ship common system 8
AECBG Other 9
AECBG is reserved for main group 9, which is vacant at present.
There is no code for topside related equipment and bulk as under PBS ABM, since FSUs have nil or marginal
outfitting of this kind.
The offshore surface storage system – as a natural entity for costs – includes (in addition to the FSU) the
loading system for the FSU:
AECC Loading system
FSUs may be used in combination with a variety of loading systems, which can be seen under PBS code
AEB as many of these concepts may be used both for shuttle tanker and FSU loading, e.g. SALM, SALS,
CALRAM, CALM, fixed towers, SLT, etc. NB! PBS AEB is to be used only for coding of loading systems –
local offtake systems – for shuttle tankers.
At present and particularly in the North Sea, the SLT-system is often preferred for FSUs:
AECCA Submerged turret loading system – SLT
The STL system comprises two main elements:
 the buoy docked into the hull during loading/operation of the FSU;
 outfitting incl. mooring.
For further information, see the description under PBS code AEBL.
Flexible risers for processed hydrocarbons are deemed to be covered for under PBS code AE Transport
systems.
AECCB Other loading systems
In addition to STL other loading systems for FSUs may be relevant, particularly used outside the North Sea
area. As can be seen under PBS code AEB a variety of concepts may be applicable for FSUs (however some
of these may be somewhat less in use today).
These concepts include mainly solutions where processed hydrocarbons are transferred via FSU bow/stern
arrangements connected to towers or buoys, and are to be coded with PBS code AECCB when applicable for
FSUs.

For an outline of main elements that may be included, see analogous description under PBS AEB.
AED Offshore subsea storage system
Offshore subsea storage system considers a storage system normally for local offtake by shuttle tankers and
includes:
 subsea storage facilities placed downstream of production facilities and upstream of local offtake
systems – current concepts consider seabed founded/skirt piled, ballasted concrete or steel storage
caissons.
Some particular references: For storage facilities in base for jack-ups, see PBS code ABCD. For local offtake
systems for loading of shuttle tankers, see PBS code AEB.
Offshore subsea storage system is subdivided and coded as follows:
AEDA Structure
Includes the caisson in steel or concrete with all integrated/embedded parts, incl. transition piece to
riser/offtake system.
AEDB Outfitting
Comprises outfitting (temporary and permanent) of/for the caisson. Outfitting may include such as
 systems for installation of the caisson, e.g. for ballast, levelling, grouting, skirt evacuation, air cushion,
installation monitoring and similar,
 piles,
 transition assembly (for riser/offtake system connection), etc. as relevant,
 system for operation, monitoring and control,
 etc.
For risers, see other PBS codes.
AEE Umbilicals/cables for remote platform control
This code covers the umbilical/cable system for remote platform control – i.e. control from land based
facilities or from another offshore platform. The system is subdivided and coded as follows below.
Battery limits of the system are the cable connection point(s) at the topside(s) and the connection point in the
shore approach area.
Some particular references: For electrical power cables to offshore platforms from other platforms or from
land, see PBS AEG and AEF respectively. For control cables and power cables located on land, see PBS
BCDF and BDD respectively.
AEEA Umbilicals/cables
This code includes hydraulic, electro-hydraulic and integrated service umbilicals – and electrical control
cables (also fibre-optical where relevant) – for remote control of platforms.
AEEB Risers
Includes risers for the umbilicals/cables, normally of dynamic type.
AEEC Cable protection
Protection of the umbilicals/cables may include trenching with or without backfill, rock/gravel dumping and/or
grout bags/mattresses.

AEED Crossings
Crossings of the umbilicals/cables over existing pipelines or other umbilicals/cables may involve trenching,
rock/gravel dumping, grout bags/mattresses or a bridged construction. Crossings are subcoded as follows:
AEEDA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEEDB Pipeline crossing
AEEE Shore approach
Includes the transition area between subsea and land (shore approach). The umbilicals/cables have to be
protected against impact and erosion due to waves, traffic and similar.
The shore approach may be of a tunnel or trenched type starting onshore and ending in the sea at a depth
safe from outside impact – both types are to be included hereunder.
For umbilicals/cables located on the land side for remote control of offshore platforms, see PBS BCDF.
AEF Power cables land – platform
This code covers the offshore side of an electrical power cable system between land based facilities (e.g. an
electrical power plant or a national grid connection) and an offshore platform.
Battery limits of the system are the cable connection point at the topside and the connection point in the
shore approach area.
The electrical power will normally be supplied from land to the platform (but theoretically the other direction is
possible). The power supply will usually be of a high voltage direct current (DC) type, but alternating current
(AC) may be feasible depending on power supply distance. Rectifiers/converters/transistors may be located
topside and/or at the land side.
Some particular references: For onshore power cables, see under PBS BDD. For umbilical/cable system for
remote control of offshore platforms, see PBS AEE. For power cable systems between platforms, see PBS
AEG.
The power cable system land – platform is subdivided and coded as follows:
AEFA Cables
AEFB Risers
AEFC Cable protection
AEFD Crossings
AEFDA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEFDB Pipeline crossing
AEFE Shore approach
Due to the similarity with other offshore sea cable systems, a reference is given to PBS AEE with subcodes
for further details regarding the break down.

AEG Power cables platform – platform
This code covers the electrical power cable system (sea cables) between platforms, where one platform
supplies the other platform (e.g. an unmanned platform) with electrical power.
Battery limits for the system are the topside connection points for the power cable.
Some particular references: For power cables from land to a platform, see PBS AEF. For umbilicals/cables
for remote control of platforms, see PBS AEE.
The power cable system platform – platform is subdivided and coded as follows:
AEGA Cables
AEGB Risers
AEGC Cable protection
AEGD Crossings
AEGDA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEGDB Pipeline crossing
Due to the similarity with other offshore sea cable systems, a reference is given to PBS AEE with the
subcodes for further details regarding the break down.
AEH Power cables for overseas supply/import
This code covers the offshore side of an electrical power cable system for power supply/import between
continents, countries, land – islands and similar.
Battery limits of the sea cable system are the connection point in the shore approach area on both sides.
The electrical power will normally be supplied as a high voltage direct current (DC) type. But alternating
current (AC) may be relevant if the power supply distance is short (less than 50 km to 100 km).
Rectifiers/converters/transistors are located at the land side facilities.
Some particular references: For onshore power cable system, see PBS BDD. For offshore power cable
system land – platform, see PBS AEF.
The overseas power cable system is subdivided and coded as follows:
AEHA Cables
AEHB Cable protection
AEHC Crossings
AEHCA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEHCB Pipeline crossing
AEHD Shore approach
Due to the similarity with other offshore sea cable systems, a reference is given to PBS AEE for further
details regarding the break down.

AEJ Bridges
Bridges are transport systems for personnel, products and goods between platforms and between platforms
and freestanding flare towers, flotels and similar.
Some particular references: For freestanding flare towers (i.e. towers not located on the platform topside), the
lower part (up to e.g. bridge deck level) is regarded as substructure; e.g. as a jacket or a concrete structure
like a GBS and coded under PBS ABA or ABB respectively. The upper part of the tower is to be regarded as
topside and coded under PBS AAF.
Bridges are subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
AEJA Structure
The structure is built of standard profiles/pipes or welded profiles and includes also structural transition
elements at the bridge ends for bridge landing.
AEJB Outfitting
Outfitting includes structural outfitting like cladding, grating and railing, and systems specified to cross the
bridge e.g. process, control, utility, communication and other systems.
AEJC Support structure (tower)
Some bridges – depending on the bridge span – may be supported by a tower.
The tower has a structure similar to the bridge and is normally piled to the seabed. Piles and any outfitting are
included.
AW Offshore wind park
Offshore wind park is a grouped term for facilities placed offshore for electrical power generation from wind
energy. It comprises both windmills and substations, supported by fixed or buoyant foundations and
connected with infield subsea power cables. The offshore wind park is also connected to export power cables
to shore and necessary connection point in the shore approach area.
Offshore windpark comprise of
 windmills, WTG‟s,
 substations for the WTG‟s,
 substructures for the WTG‟s and the substations,
 infield cables,
 offshore export cables,
 onshore export cables,
 harbor/jetty,
 onshore substation.
Some particular references:
 infield cables, see PBS AEG.

 offshore export cables, see PBS AEF.
 onshore export cables, see PBS BDD.
 onshore substation, see PBS BDDH.
 jetties, see PBS BCCB.
Offshore wind park are subdivided and coded as outlined below:

AWA Windmill
Windmill can be supported by a fixed or floating structure, substructure. It my have a transition piece between
the substructure and the WTG itself. The WTG comprises of tower, rotor, generator and control system. If the
structure is floating it will be supported by a mooring system.
Windmill systems comprise of
 WTG‟s,
 WTG foundations, fixed or floating,
 mooring system (for floating installations).
The windmill is further outlined and coded in the following:
AWAA WTG – wind turbine generators
A wind turbine generator, WTG, includes the following: tower, generator, rotor (hub and blades) and control
system.
The WTG can be both with gear and gearless.
AWAB WTG foundations
The code includes all types of foundations normally designed for support of WTGs. The substructure may be
constructed of steel or concrete, resting on the seabed by its own weight or piled to the seabed, resting on
bucket foundations or in the case of floaters, held in position by anchors or tethers.
WTG foundations are subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
AWABA WTG foundations fixed
The code includes all types of foundations where the windmill is supported by its own leg, fixed to the seabed.
Up to now it includes monopiles and jackets, but there are some new developments in the market, including
concrete gravity based structures, GBS. For jackets, the piles are included in this code. For monopiles, the
transition piece is included in this code.
 jackets, see PBS ABA.

 gravity based structures, GBS, see PBS ABB.
AWABB WTG foundations floating
The floating structure supports the WTG, and is anchored by wires and ropes to the seabed.
A floating spar buoy (single column deep floater) is the only full-scale produced, but new concepts are under
development. The new developments include semi submersible substructures and tension leg substructures,
TLP.
In addition to the substructure itself, the code also includes mooring and tethering systems.
 semi submersible, see PBS ABK

 tension leg substructure, TLP, see PBS ABL.
 single column deep floater, see PBS ABQ
The floating foundation is subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
AWABBA WTG foundations floating structure
The floating structure is a steel or concrete structure, with a draft depending on the concept, displacing water
and thus creating buoyancy. The structure supports the WTG. The semi submersible and TLP structures

consist of pontoons, columns and nodes, while the single column is a vertical cylinder. The semi submersible
and single column concepts are anchored to the seabed, while the TLP is fastened by the means of tethers.
AWABBB WTG foundations floating mooring
A floating structure can be anchored by chains, wires and ropes to the seabed. The anchors or piles secure
the mooring lines into the seabed and can be one of the following types:
 anchors – conventional rated ship anchors placed/embedded into the seabed;

 anchor piling – drilled, set and cemented piles in shallow boreholes connected to each mooring line;
 piles conventionally driven by hydraulic pile drivers;
AWB Substation
The substation is an electrical transformer and can also include an AC/DC converter. The substation is
supported by a fixed or floating structure, substructure. It my have a transition piece between the substructure
and the substation itself. If the structure is floating it will be supported by a mooring system.
Substation system comprise of
 substations,
 substation foundations, fixed or floating,
 mooring system (for floating installations).
The substation is further outlined and coded in the following:
AWBA Substation topside
Substation topside is an electrical transformer, transforming the current from the WTG to high voltage
current. The topside can also include a converter system for conversion of alternating current, AC, to direct
current, DC.
AWBB Substation foundations
The code includes all types of foundations normally designed for support of substations. The substructure
may be constructed of steel or concrete, resting on the seabed by its own weight or piled to the seabed,
resting on bucket foundations or in the case of floaters, held in position by anchors or tethers.
Substation foundations are subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
AWBBA Substation foundations fixed
The code includes all types of foundations where the substation is supported by its own leg, fixed to the
seabed. Up to now it includes monopiles and jackets, but there are some new developments in the market,
including concrete gravity based structures, GBS. For jackets, the piles are included in this code. For
monopiles, the transition piece is included in this code.
 for jackets, see PBS ABA;

 for gravity based structures, GBS, see PBS ABB.
AWBBB Substation foundations floating
The floating structure supports the substation, and is anchored by wires and ropes to the seabed.
There are no floaters made for offshore wind farm substations, though, the concepts made are in use in the
oil and gas business. The concepts considered, are semi submersibles, tension leg platforms, TLP‟s and
single column deep floaters.
In addition to the substructure itself, the code also includes mooring and tethering systems.

 for semi submersible, see PBS ABK;

 for tension leg substructure, TLP, see PBS ABL;
 for single column deep floater, see PBS ABQ.
The foundation is subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
AWBBBA Substation foundations floating structure
The floating structure is a steel or concrete structure, with a draft depending on the concept, displacing water
and thus creating buoyancy. The structure supports the substation. The semi submersible and TLP structures
consists of pontoons, columns and nodes, while the single column is a vertical cylinder. The semi
submersible and single column concepts are anchored to the seabed, while the TLP is fastened by the
means of tethers.
AWBBBB Substation foundations mooring
A floating structure can be anchored by chains, wires and ropes to the seabed. The anchors or piles secure
the mooring lines into the seabed and can be one of the following types:
 anchors – conventional rated ship anchors placed/embedded into the seabed;

 anchor piling – drilled, set and cemented piles in shallow boreholes connected to each mooring line;
 piles conventionally driven by hydraulic pile drivers;
4.3 Land based installations

B Land based installations
Land based installations include all types of facilities for
 oil and gas exploitation, production and transport of product from land based petroleum development
projects,
 oil and gas receiving terminals for receiving, processing, storage and further transport of oil and gas
delivered from offshore installations,
 further refinement of feedstock delivered from above into a range of refined products,
 electrical power generation (by means of gas as feedstock) and transmission.
Land based facilities include:
Utilities – utility systems in support of land based installations to provide – power, control, communication,
cooling and heating, chemicals, air, fuel, water, waste disposal and fire and safety systems.
Offsites – systems for raw and product storage, transfer, loading and distribution. The systems may be above
ground/below ground or containerised. Comprises – product metering/loading/transportation, interplant
reticulation/distribution and systems for flaring, venting and blowdown.
Site – site means such as on plot civil works, buildings, civil structures and off plot external access, power,
telephone telemetry, fresh water supply, and heliport.
Transport systems – pipelines above/below ground from plot perimeter to delivery point including crossings
and facilities, railway systems, roads/haul roads for transport of product as well as el. power transmission
line.
Onshore drilling facilities – drilling derrick, mud systems and utilities.
Onshore wells – production and injection wells for production.
Temporary facilities – construction camps and temporary buildings required during construction.

Process systems – pre-treatment, separation, fractionation, treatment, crude refining, LPG/NGL/LNG process
plants and processes for thermoplastics, methanol, gas to liquids, bioprotein and electrical power generation.
Land based installations are subdivided and coded as follows:
BA Utilities
Utilities are those systems that essentially assist, measure and control as well as safeguard all processing
and other plant activities.
The following major systems and their assigned sub-systems have been nominated as utility systems:
BAA Electrical power systems
These systems comprise all installations made to receive, produce, distribute and/or maintain the electrical
power supply. They are grouped in the following systems:
BAAA Electrical power supply
Defined as the receiving system for general grid power supply and comprises all installation from point of tie-
in up to/and include to the main plant intake transformer and switch gear from where the plant power is
distributed.
BAAB Electrical power generation
Defined as plant‟s own power generation facility for the generation of the plant‟s total power, back-up power
or emergency power generation. Systems include all facilities up to the point of distribution.
BAAC Electrical power distribution
The power distribution systems comprises all facilities (equipment and materials) which are necessary to
distribute the electrical power over the plant from the point of main intake to the take over connection of the
various users inclusive of all intermediate distribution panels and potential step-down transformers.
BAAD Emergency power system
This system is designed to back-up power in case of emergency as well as in case of power failure from the
main grid line. It shall secure plant lighting and process and plant control until the emergency power
generation can take over.
The system will comprise UPS battery facilities at several DC volt levels (i.e.110, 48, 24 V DC) which will be
used for diverse applications.
BAAE Earthing system
The earthing system should include all earthing circuits and lightning protection systems of the plant as well
as all anodic protection systems necessary.
BAAF Plant lighting system
All out-door lighting applications are covered hereunder such as street lighting, area lighting, equipment and
aviation lighting, security and traffic lights. Indoor lighting requirements are covered under the building codes
(see PBS BCD).
BAB Instrument systems
This major system group comprises all facilities that measure, control and represent the operating philosophy
of the plant or installation and is subgrouped as follows:

BABA Process data acquisition and control
This is the main plant computerised operational system, where all process, utility and offsite activities are
monitored, data collected and processed. This system is located in the main control room with local
subsystem stations if required.
The system consists of control panels, logging computers, monitors and other operational functions that
collect information from the plant instrumentation system for analysis and further processing.
BABB General instruments
The general instrumentation system will include all data collecting, measuring and controlling features like
temperature, pressure, level, flow controlling instruments as well as analyser house and corresponding
installation incl. of all cabling and control panels required to collect and transmit the signals to the main
operational system.
BABC Computer systems
Hereunder included are all mainframe and local computer stations not directly linked with plant the
operational computer system, such as administration and research computer installation, personal computers
and the like.
BABD Environmental control systems
Environmental control systems will deal with the monitoring of the plant environment by monitoring air, water
and soil conditions in accordance with the applicable regulations for pollution.
BABE Emergency shut down
The objective of this system is the possibility to bring the whole plant or parts of it with one or few
manipulations into a safe pre-determined position. This is understood to be the situation where the feed to the
plant is blocked, or, that the energy to a unit is shut-down and/or that the feed leading facilities are separated
in case of leakage to avoid damage to the installation. ESD function will not automatically be achieved by
other functions (e.g. fire detection system), but will be released from the main control room where all ESD
subsystems are terminating.
The ESD system is split into various independent areas and is an independent computer controlled
shut-down installation connected to the operational control system.
BABF Marine systems
Marine systems are understood as navigational guide systems for harbour operations includes; radar,
lighthouses, visible/audible devices and other harbour safeguarding electronic/electrical facilities.
BAC Communication systems
These systems cover all installations for communication purposes and are split into the following subsystems:
BACA Telephone and intercommunication
The system comprises all cable – linked inter-plant communication whether by fibre-optic or by normal
telecomm cable transmission. It also includes the required intermediate relay station and the respective
terminal facilities (e.g. switchboards, multiplexer and other hardware to complete this system).
BACB Telex and telefax systems
System contains all facilities linked with above subject. Transmission cabling is included under before
mentioned code.

BACC Radio communication system
All wireless operated facilities as well as public address systems in the plant should be included here
(portable radios, satellite communication facilities, etc.)
BACD CCTV and security systems
Closed circuit TV systems for plant security, as well as all other security installation (personnel access
systems, gate security, etc.) shall be covered hereunder.
BAD Cooling systems
These systems shall include all those plant cooling facilities which are used as utility systems, such as:
BADA Seawater cooling
Includes the system that serves the purpose of providing seawater as a cooling medium to the required areas
of utilisation. Hereunder are also to be included all installations for intake, filtration, cleaning, chlorinating and
other chemical make-up facilities plus final the discharge installation into the sea.
BADB Freshwater cooling
Freshwater cooling as an alternative to seawater cooling or as an extra and separate circuit, shall include all
installations that will be required to provide this medium at the areas of utilisation and shall also comprise
potential cooling water make-up unit, cooling towers, discharge and regeneration units.
BADC Air cooling
Air-cooling applies when cooling capacity requires a great amount of cooling medium. Air coolers are forced
draft fan-operated coolers or natural draft coolers, which cool via a counter-current air stream and these are
used to regenerate other cooling media or to further cool down product streams to ambient temperature.
BAE Water systems
The systems hereunder shall include all water supply installations that are not used for cooling or fire water
purposes (for these, see separate PBS code):
BAEA Freshwater supply
This system shall provide fresh (raw) water for general plant use includes potential pre-treatment facilities
from battery limits to point of further make-up and other systems tie-ins.
It should not include outside-battery-limit facilities such as pumping stations, transfer piping etc., which are
listed under a separate PBS code.
BAEB Demineralized water system
De-mineralised water is mainly used in closed water circuits like cooling or steam systems, where corrosion
of water contaminants will do damage to equipment and piping network. For this purpose the water will need
a make-up and control by a de-mineralising water plant package unit. Injection of chemical inhibitors to
prevent pollution or corrosion is standard procedure. See also chemical injection systems.
BAEC Potable water system
Potable water systems include the total sweet water distribution for the total plant and end at the various
consumer points. Special make-up facilities, if required, shall be included here. Potable water is defined as
suitable for drinking.

BAF Steam systems
Steam is one of the most important utilities used in processing. It can be either generated during processing
as a by-product through heat exchange, waste heat recovery or directly by steam generation facilities. All
types of steam systems are included hereunder such as:
BAFA High pressure steam – HP
HP steam is normally generated by waste heat recovery or separate boilers and is used as driving medium
for turbines and generators.
BAFB Medium pressure steam – MP
See explanation for HP steam system, additionally there is also use of MP steam in process applications.
BAFC Low pressure steam – LP
Low-pressure steam is also generated in heat exchangers and as a result of feedstock processing and is
normally used for plant heating purposes in various applications.
BAFD Condensate system
This system mainly is a collecting facility at the end of the steam circulation and includes a regeneration
package as the most important item before feeding back again into the steam generation process.
BAG Heating systems
These systems are only used for the product heating during processing and in further treatment operations.
The heating for buildings is not included here. Systems included and coded are:
BAGA Hot oil heating
This system uses hot oil as a heating medium in for example heat exchangers for feedstock stabilisation or
mild heat treatment.
BAGB Electrical heating
This system uses electric power for heating purposes in all sorts of process applications where controlled
heat is required (solvent refining, hydrofining, de-sulfurisation processes, etc.).
BAGC Medium heating
Also feedstock can become a heating medium and is frequently used to counter currently transfer heat to
other feedstock. This is usually achieved through heat exchangers.
BAH Chemical injection systems
These systems serve as utilities for make-up purposes of water, products and when required by the
processes and include:
BAHA Dehydration
Methanol/glycol is usually linked to the dehydration of the feedstock. The system includes generation and
regeneration of the medium with all-applicable packages, equipment, bulks and labour.
BAHB Chlorination
Chlorination is used in connection with seawater systems normally in order to avoid biological growth in the
system. However, raw water supply may also call for the use of chlorination as for the same purpose.
Chlorination systems are commonly supplied in package units.

BAHC Ammonia
This system is connected to steam production mainly where it is used to control the ph-value of the boiler
feedwater.
BAHD Other chemical injection facilities
All other chemical injection packages (for uses in the various types of downstream processes or for water
make-up purposes) shall be covered hereunder as complete systems with all their respective resources.
BAI Air systems
These systems will produce the necessary compressed air for instruments and plant operations as well as
nitrogen and/or other gases that may be required by plant operation other than air cooling (see PBS BADC).
Included are:
BAIA Instrument air
Instrument air is mainly used for pneumatic actuators employed in positioning control valves. But also applied
to various measurement systems and as purge protection of electrical equipment which are located in
hazardous areas.
BAIB Plant air
Plant air is used for power tools, air driven pumps and general utility use. Normally instrument air and plant
air is operated/provided from the same system package. Only if there is a separate plant air system
(equipment package) then this should be listed here.
BAIC Inert gas
In this code nitrogen generation facilities shall be included. Nitrogen gas is required to purge and seal various
types of plant equipment and is also the back-up system for the instrument air in case of failure. If other inert
gases shall be generated, their respective facilities shall be included here.
BAJ Fuel systems
Part of the feedstock or excess down-stream products is used to provide the firing fuel for the miscellaneous
heating applications in a plant. The fuel systems are sub-grouped according to the feedstocks:
BAJA Liquid fuels
All resources that belong to this fuel system shall be represented here.
BAJB Gaseous fuels
BAJC Solid fuels
BAJD Mixed fuels
BAK Waste disposal systems
Systems that serve environmental requirements are listed and coded hereunder:

BAKA Effluent treatment package
This system is the most comprehensive installation of all waste disposal systems. It collects and treats all
aqueous effluents present in a plant, i.e. from
 clean water system,

 oily water system,
 chemical waste water systems,
 jetty drain system,
 sanitary sewer systems, etc.
All packages, basins/tanks and facilities needed for this purpose shall be placed under this code. Chemical
injection where required, is listed under separate respective coding (see PBS BAH).
BAKB Sewage system
The sewer system is the collection system of all plant sewers that shall be treated in the effluent treatment
package system. It will contain all required, equipment, bulks and labour for this system from the points of
collections to the tie-ins at the effluent treatment plant.
BAKC Ballast water
Ballast water is usually ship tanker related and therefore linked to the jetty area. The code shall contain all
storage, pumping and piping systems from the point of collection to the tie-in-to treatment facilities and
discharge units.
BAKD Drain system
The drain system covers all facilities to collect the wash water from plant surface areas, which need to be
collected for further effluent treatment before recharge. This is especially the case where hydrocarbons spills
are most likely to occur, e.g. in process areas, receiving stations, storage facilities, jetties, etc.
BAL Fire and safety systems
All systems that are designed to protect the plant from hazards are to be included here:
BALA Fire water system
The complete fire water system is understood as the firewater providing facility and shall include all hydrants
and all related equipment, bulks and labour.
BALB Sprinkler and deluge system
Sprinkler and deluge systems (e.g. with water or similar) complete with all equipment are meant to be
included here. These systems are special area covering installations and are usually linked to fire detection
systems, which are listed under a separate PBS code.
BALC Chemical fre fighting system
Chemical fire fighting systems generally consist of foam generators and chemicals that can be stored in
tanks and or in mobile facilities. Fixed monitoring towers for process and/or storage area protection are
included hereunder.
BALD Mobile fire fighting
Mobile fire fighting encompassing: e.g. fire fighting trucks, foam and water tender vehicles and ambulances
as well as corresponding marine vessels to support fire fighting operations.
BALE Fire and gas monitoring systems
The most important systems in fire and gas leakage warnings are the F and G detection systems (fire and
gas).

The functions of these systems are
 to detect hazardous events, supply alarm indication for starting manually actuated fire-fighting systems by
the operator,
 to supply alarm indication to start automatic fire-fighting by e.g. hard-wired logic,
 to indicate common and/or individual alarms,
 to print grouped alarms,
 to generate acoustical and visual alarms.
The systems may be composed of smoke detectors, flame detectors, gas detectors and heat detectors at all
areas of the plant, in and outside of buildings, and the complete wiring and monitoring facilities as well was
warning systems are included.
BALF Fire fighting training area
These facilities cover training area installations and simulation stations necessary for constant fire fighting
training of personnel.
BB Offsite
The offsite systems are generally defined as primarily product associated facilities, where processed feeds
are transported, stored, measured and packed prior to shipment.
Offsite systems are divided into
 product storage,
 product metering,
 product loading,
 transport and packing,
 flare, vent and blowdown.
Similar facilities for crude oil and bulks are also included, as specifically stated in the following:
BBA Product storage
The product storage systems cover the storage installations for gaseous, liquid and solid products which are
following feed processing or may be used as intermediate storage facilities before subsequent utilisation.
These systems cover both underground and above ground installations. The systems distinguish between
storage of gases, liquids (also crude oil) and solids (bulks) and include:
BBAA Gas storage
Gases are normally stored in a liquefacted condition that requires expensive design for safety reasons as well
as for temperature control. In general two major sub-systems can be identified:
BBAAA Above ground storage
Above ground facilities are supposed to cover the different types of storage tanks that are imperative for the
miscellaneous gases which may require dissimilar designs to cover their specific storage necessities. Half-
buried or earth-covered tankage shall be considered above ground installations.
BBAAB Underground storage
Underground storage for gases requires very special geological conditions and design criteria. Under this
code Underground storage is restricted to storage of gases in caverns and includes also the cavern header
installations.
BBAB Liquid storage
These storage complexes cover storage for raw crude, natural gas liquids (gasoline), middle distillates, liquid
petrochemical feedstock, acids and caustics as well as water.

BBABA Above ground storage
The same criteria as for above ground storage for gases apply. However design criteria are different and the
tank farms do not require so complex vessels as liquefacted gases do. All types of tanks appear here which
are COR-coded in accordance with their specific product applications.
BBABB Underground storage
Criteria for storage are like those for gases. However, underground storage is in general more likely to be
used for crude storage because of capacity reasons. Inlet/outlet installations directly linked to the system are
included hereunder.
BBAC Solids (bulk) storage
All products which can be regarded as «solids», that is to be understood as of non-liquids or gaseous
consistence, shall be covered by this code. Grease, soap or other soft products which needs packing prior to
shipment are defined to be «solid» and are covered hereunder. This storage covers three major general
purpose areas:
BBACA Warehouse or sheltered storage
This code covers all facilities whether of mobile or resident nature, which are to be an integrated part of a
warehouse storage installation. That is lifting, transporting, and storing of products inside this defined area.
BBACB Silo/container storage
Chemical bulk, pellets, powder or other mass products often require a separate silo/container storage prior to
packing or shipment. This code covers only silos/containers that are not part of a warehouse and are defined
as independent product storage facilities and include for all sub-systems to make them functioning units.
BBACC Open air storage
Open air storage covers predefined product dumping areas including the related facilities for moving of
dumps, piling and other bulks (storage and handling facilities), bulks non-sensitive to weather damage like for
example:
 ferrous pellets,
 sand,
 gravel,
 lumber,
 palliated products, etc.
Suitable for open air storage are the major items for this code.
BBB Product metering
Prior to shipment products will be metered which can be achieved by volumetric (gases/liquids) or weight
measurement (bulks). Product metering is subgrouped and coded as follows:
BBBA Volumetric flow metering
The mass flow and the standard volumetric flow can be calculated when actual flow, temperature, pressure
and density are measured. Volumetric flow measurement is applied for gases and liquids. The normal
facilities would consist of
 manifold system,
 metering station,
 metering computer.
The metering station measurement tubes that comprise flow, pressure, density and temperature metering
elements are connected to the flow computer where mass flow and volumetric flows are calculated from the

measured data. These are routed via a data-collecting computer to the central operating data acquisition
system (see under instruments – PBS BAB).
BBBB Weight metering
Bulk material products (solids) are measured by weight in general. This can be achieved by mechanical or
electronically scaling equipment which is also combined with temperature, density, humidity controls and
linked to a scaling computer that collects the measured data for transfer to the central data acquisition
system.
BBC Product loading
These systems shall be defined as the product, crude oil and bulks transfer installations to facilitate the
loading on board the shipment vessel, which can be either a sea or land going means of transport.
The shipment facilities are determined by the products produced and the owner‟s shipment philosophy.
Loading facilities are required if dispatches are made via seaways, road or railway transport.
Serving these different purposes the following subsystems are required:
BBCA Liquefacted gas loading
This system covers the loading of liquefied gases (e.g. LNG, propane, ethane and butane). The facilities
comprise loading arms, transfer pumps as well all other equipment and bulks linked to the purpose of this
system, which shall transfer the products from the storage area on board the specific vessel.
BBCB Crude oil/distillate loading
The loading of crude oil and liquid distillate products (e.g. natural gasoline, benzene, diesel, kerosene) follows
the same principle as said above and shall include for the transfer from storage to the point of loading
inclusive all necessary equipment and bulk installations.
BBCC Chemical liquids loading
Chemical liquid loading also includes same principle facilities as described above.
BBCD Bulk loading
Bulk loading facilities will cover all installations that are designed to dispatch bulks. The following shall be
included
 loading equipment for palletized bulks,

 containers,
 loose bulk stock,
 crates,
 bags,
 drums including the mobile equipment required for this operation.
BBD Transportation and packing
These systems comprise of all installations that serve the transportation of stock or products from/to process
area to from/to storage area inside plant limits as well as all product-packing systems prior to dispatch:
BBDA Pipeways
The normal way of transporting gases and liquids from the process to the storage area is by means of piping.
All resources that constitute this type of transport are covered hereunder. The tie-in point for this system is
the battery limits of process area and storage installation.

BBDAA Pipeways product
All product distribution pipeways from/to process and to/from storage shall be listed here.
BBDAB Pipeways flare systems
The flare systems for pipeways shall be covered under this code.
BBDB Conveyor belt systems
Solid products or general bulks may require a conveyer-belt system to their point of packing and/or storage.
This code shall cover all provisions for this purpose.
BBDC Blending systems
Some products require blending operations prior to final dispatch. Installations to serve this blending (mixing)
purpose shall be listed here.
BBDD Chemical and catalyst handling
Catalysts and chemicals that are part of the plant operation activities have their own separate storage and
handling installations. Depending on the type and sensitivity of the stock various protective installations have
to be maintained. All the resources in connection with the purpose of this system will have this code.
BBDE Bulk packing systems
Bulk packing installations can be of complex nature. Each type of packing requires its own independently
controlled system.
Packing installations listed here shall only be the final «wrapping» of the products. There are different
systems for filling drums, cans, bottles, bags, boxes as well as automatic palletising, labelling and foil
shrinking processes. All shall be included hereunder.
Bulk packing activities of composite nature, e.g. involving blending and intermediate transport operations are
covered under separate coding.
BBDF Liquid packing systems
Liquid packing systems are in principle similar to the above mentioned systems which also may include
blending operations prior to final filling.
The filling into the various types of vessels, level and quality controlling processes require the same complex
installations as for solid products. All resources required for these systems shall come under this code.
BBE Flare, vent and blowdown
These systems cover the «hot» disposal of relieved hydrocarbons (liquids or vapours) by burning them at a
safe location.
The hydrocarbons are relieved by depressurising operations at the point of plant entrance or within the plant
pressure control systems, and in connection with drainage of vessels or pipes, waste of process and shut-
down operations or in case of emergency. The systems are split into the following groups:
BBEA High pressure process
The process flaring system is designed to handle safe removal of the relieved hydrocarbons during process
reactions, emergency situations, or shut-down/start-up operations at process pressure conditions.
For flare systems for pipeways, see PBS BBDAB.

BBEB Low pressure system
The low pressure system is designed to collect and handle the removal of low pressure hydrocarbons
independent of the high pressure process system. The reason for this segregation is to prevent a back-
pressure built-up from higher pressure sources.
Application: vapour returns from tankage and loading installations, venting of systems, chilling operations,
etc.
BBEC Liquid burner system
This system is designed to handle that fraction of hydrocarbon liquids that cannot be evaporated in the flare
knock-out drums. It will be collected from all plant areas and be burned in the liquid burner, which is a low
stack ground flare. Normally only small amounts of liquids are needed to be disposed by this system.
BC Site
This code shall cover all plant facilities and improvement that in majority will consists of earth, concrete and
building construction activities which are often understood as «civil» works.
Under this coding only civil works of permanent nature shall be incorporated. One can split this code into the
following major groupings:
BCA General site
This code incorporates all civil works within battery limits that will be a prerequisite and a permanent part of
the plant operational installations (process, utilities and offsites). It will not include for buildings and shore
installations (see other PBS codes).
As local conditions and traditions may influence the scope, subcode contents may to some degree vary. The
subcode content is outlined in the following:
BCAA Civil 1 – site preparation
Site preparation may cover such as
 site clearance (removal of forest, top soil, debris, etc.),

 earth moving, rock blasting and moving,
 leveling, fill up to grade and comprise, also for roads, walkways and parking areas,
 access road to the site (from battery limits) with – where relevant (depending on infrastructure) – trench
for piping/cables for such as supply of water and power, for communication and sewage, normally incl.
pipe/cable and backfilling,
 basic drainage system,
 fencing and gates.
BCAB Civil 2 – main civil works
Main civil works may include
 piling (if required),

 all foundations works for equipment and modules,
 tank foundations and concrete paving,
 all concrete structures for pipe racks, and pipe ways, and other support structures,
 bundwalls,
 basins,
 concrete stacks,
 loading ramparts and platforms,
 roads (other than access road – see PBS BCAA), road bridges or bridged walkways, inclusive of guard
rails and other subject related installations.
Not included:

 Foundations for buildings including piling (see PBS BCB).
Further included is trenching and drainage system – other than listed under PBS BCAA – covering facilities
installed underground in trenches or is subject to water drainage.
Trenching covers
 pipe,
 cables,
 culverts,
 open trenches and channels.
Drainage covers
 manholes,
 gutters,
 concrete manifolds and piping as well as other collectors for underground and surface water drainage.
BCAC Civil 3 – landscaping
Landscaping – also termed restoration – may cover the following:
 refill and green plant area after construction;

 remove surplus civil bulk, debris and similar;
 asphalt paving (installed after completion of heavy construction works) for roads, walkways, parking
areas and similar, may be included.
Not included:
 concrete paving, e.g. for tanks see PBS BCAB.
BCB Buildings
This code shall cover all installation associated with plant buildings and related structures and shall be
divided into:
BCBA Administration buildings
This code covers the administration facility of a plant and includes
 all earthwork,
 piling,
 foundations,
 architectural work including heating, ventilation and sanitary systems,
 power and water systems within battery limits (building),
 all indoors outfitting in accordance with requirements.
Exclusions: electronic equipment like computers or communication facilities, which are part of the utility
system coding. Backfilling and greening is part of landscaping (see PBS BCAC).
BCBB Control rooms and utility buildings
This code covers plant buildings like
 control rooms,
 sub-stations,
 utility buildings :
 compressor buildings,
 package units‟ shelters/buildings,
 boiler houses,
 pump houses,
 switchgear and transformer stations,

 subcontrol rooms,
 other buildings for operational purposes.
 particular buildings for housing of process facilities (e.g. for PBS BT type of buildings) including
 earthwork,
 piling,
 foundations,
 architectural structures,
 heating and ventilation,
 power and water,
 all other facilities necessary to make use of these installations within battery limits.
Excluded are the machinery, equipment, computer and communication systems, emergency or other utility
systems, which are covered under their respective PBS coding. Backfilling and greening is part of
landscaping/restoration (see PBS BCAC)
BCBC Laboratories
This code covers all laboratories or buildings of similar purpose inclusive of earthwork, piling, foundations,
architectural structures and inclusive of all other facilities to make use of these buildings.
Backfill and greening around the buildings are part of Landscaping/Restoration (see PBS BCAC).
BCBD Warehouses
This code covers all building facilities that shall be destined to store plant products/commodities.
Included hereunder are
 all earthworks,
 pilings,
 foundations,
 heating and ventilation systems,
 power,
 water,
 air,
and other facilities that will make a warehouse system operable, except loading, packing, measuring and
computer systems are not included here. They have to be coded separately (see other PBS codes). Backfill
and greening around the facilities are part of landscaping/restoration (see PBS BCAC).
BCBE Other building facilities
All other plant buildings like
 gatehouse,
 machine shops,
 garage buildings,
 gasoline stations,
 fire brigade buildings,
 shelters.
Including
 all earthworks,
 pilings,
 foundations,
 indoor installations.

Exclusions are communication and computer systems, which have been listed under separate coding.
Backfill and greening is part of landscaping/restoration (see PBS BCAC).
BCC Jetties and shore installations
This code is used to cover all civil facilities in connection with harbour operations. This includes for jetties,
shore improvements, piers, dams, lighthouses and other civil works related hereto.
Major groupings are:
BCCA Product jetties
Product handling piers and jetties are to be coded here. Included are such as
 seabed preparations,
 dredging,
 piling and concrete support structures,
 gangways and structural steel for loading bridges,
 access ways,
 mooring points and columns drainage systems,
 cathodic protection,
 fenders,
 surface paving where applicable.
BCCB Other jetties
Bulk, container and equipment handling jetties as well as passenger jetties are covered hereunder, and
included are
 all seabed preparations and dredging,

 pilings,
 concrete and other structures,
 gangways and access bridges,
 mooring points and columns,
 fenders,
 cathodic protection,
 drainage systems,
 as well as paving where required.
BCCC Shore improvements
This code shall comprise all activities and installations that will be the object of improving shore conditions,
i.e.
 building of dams,
 harbor entrances,
 lighthouses and navigational signs,
 wave breaking measures,
 rock, brick, concrete or piling reinforcements of the shoreline,
 flood gates or other harbor protecting measures.
BCD External facilities
External facilities are those installations, which do not directly belong to the plant facilities (i.e. all installations
inside battery limits-fence), but are part of a project and have to be funded from project sources. External
facilities are sub-coded as follows:
BCDA Access from main road
All access-ways from a main road to the plant area, which are essential to the plant and must be developed
by the project, shall be part of this code.

This also includes all other access road related investments like bridges, tunnels, securing measures, traffic
lights, etc., which may be included in accessing a plant location.
BCDB Electric power
If electric power installations are not provided free plant borders, but must be accessed by from the main grid
lines at remote distances, all necessary installations to cover this distance and also potential intermediate
power stations with their respective equipment have to be included here.
BCDC Telephone/telemetry
All telephone/telemetry installation required outside battery limits shall be included here; from the main plant
switchboard where normally public telephone systems interconnect to the point of tie-in into the public
network.
This includes all necessary investments like trenching, poles or other means of transfer facilities, e.g. satellite
communication installation, lease lines to public transmission, radio facilities, etc.
BCDD Freshwater supply
Water is normally provided fob battery limits. If this is not the case, but the water must be provided from
outside sources by the project, all investments to be made shall be covered by this code.
This includes wells, pumping stations, transfer pipelines and/or water treatment packages (e.g. seawater
desalination facilities if located outside battery limits) and other installation required to secure water supplies.
BCDE Heliport
If helicopter pads are part of the plant development, and not covered by other funding sources, all such
investments shall be covered under this coding.
This includes for civil, navigational, control and safety systems as well as for passenger transfer facilities as
may be deemed specified from case to case.
BCDF Remote control of other facilities
Offshore facilities (e.g. topsides, subsea and transport system facilities) may be remote controlled from an
onshore facility.
Included under this code are control cables from control room (or similar) to the connection point (to the sea
cable) in the shore approach area, with all necessary investments like separate trenching, poles, etc.
The code also covers remote control of a land facility from another land facility/plant.
For the sea cables from shore approach area to subsea transport system and/or topside facilities, see PBS
ADE, AEAG and/or AEE respectively.
BD Transport systems
This code includes onshore transport systems like pipeline, railway, roads and el. power transmission line, as
outlined and coded below:
BDA Pipeline
Pipeline is a system for transportation of fluids and/or gases (also CO2 for offshore deposit). Battery limits for
pipeline systems defined hereunder are
 receiving pipelines connecting offshore pipelines/flowlines at shore approach area and further to onshore
facilities plot perimeter. (Whereupon pipeline becomes offsite/process as applicable),
 export pipelines for product(s) transported from onshore facilities' export pumps/compressors,
 receiving pipelines/flowlines from onshore wellsites to onshore facilities plot perimeter.

Pipeline is subdivided and coded as follows:
BDAA Route preparation
Route preparation includes
 survey of corridors,
 archaeological studies and similar,
 right of way (ROW) acquisition,
 aero plane and satellite photographs,
 clearing and grubbing,
 earthworks associated with pipeline routes,
 culverts,
 drainage in connection with the preparation activities,
and other work which is not directly associated with pipeline trenching operations.
BDAB Trenching/backfill
Excavation to below grade to specified depths, of trenches for later pipeline installation. Backfill with selected
imported fill material to cover pipeline(s). Backfill with excavated materials to complete cover ready for
restoration.
BDAC Pipeline installation
The pipeline installation consists of several strings of pipe, which are transported, prepared and bent, and
which are welded together and coated. Depending of how to install the pipeline; it is either placed in a trench,
on foundations on top of the ground or on pillars above the ground:
BDACA In trench
The pipeline is welded together and finished before the pipeline string or parts thereof are placed in a trench
often using sideboom track tractors.
BDACB Above ground
The pipeline is welded together and finished before the pipeline string or parts thereof are placed on
foundations on the ground or pillars above ground often using sideboom track tractors.
BDAD Route restoration
Clean up including earth movement and landscaping work to minimise the environmental impact of the
pipeline.
BDAE Drainage system
Drainage system for evacuation of ground or rain water around pipeline and to control soil-bearing capacity.
Included are drainage types like:
BDAEA In tunnel
A system comprising bilge sump pumps and pipeworks or spears, pumps and pipework to evacuate water
from tunnels.
BDAEB In sump
May consist of diversion structures and spear/rod drainage pumps and pipeworks to evacuate water from
workfronts.
BDAEC In open landscape
Consists of grading open drains, sumps and culvert systems.

BDAF Crossings
Crossings are constructions to pass barriers like
 rivers,
 fjords,
 trenches/ravines,
 roads,
 railways, etc.
They consist mainly of bridges and tunnels:
BDAFA Road crossing
Road crossings are usually made by
 horizontal directional drilling/pressing under the road without disturbing the surface or halting the traffic,
 through preinstalled culverts,
 bridged road crossing.
BDAFB Rail crossing

Rail crossings are usually made by
 horizontal directional drilling/pressing under the railroad without disturbing the surface or halting the
traffic,
 bridged rail crossing.
BDAFC River crossing
Depending of the crossing length, the river crossings can be made by
 horizontal directional drilling/pressing below scour level,

 suspension bridge for aerial crossing,
 piers support,
 pipeline installed by barges,
 launched and pulled over, etc.
BDAFD Fjord crossing
Depending of the crossing length, the fjord crossings can be installed by
 barges,
 suspension bridge for aerial crossing,
 launched and pulled over, etc.
BDAFE Ravine crossing
The most common method to cross a ravine is that the pipe, as it is pushed out over the ravine by hydraulic
jacks, is supported by a bent (structural frame) which is pin-connected both at the foundation and where it
joints the truss carrying the pipe. The pipe segments from each bank are joined together in final position.
BDAFF Piperacks/pipetracks
Elevated gallery/trussed structures allowing movement/access below or underneath structures.

BDAG Facilities
The operation of the pipeline entails mechanical functions like metering, pigging, regulating flow and
compression. Facilities include the mechanical functions with necessary buildings/housings/structures
(complete), such as:
BDAGA Metering station
The central points in an oil or gas transportation system where measurement and control of the fluids take
place. Typically, it will include flowmeters and monitoring equipment, telemetry and control systems as well
automatic shut-off systems.
Metering station for transport systems relates to those metering stations required along the pipeline route
where offtake from the system is delivered to consumers and where metering stations are not a part of third
part facilities. Does not include metering stations of central processing facilities.
BDAGB Pig station
A facility on a pipeline for inserting/launching or receiving a pig, also called a pig trap. The pig launcher
essentially is a breech-loading cylinder isolated from the pipeline by a series of gate valves.
BDAGC Flare/venting station
A facility in connection to a pipeline for flaring or venting of the transported product in emergency situations.
BDAGD Valve station
Valve stations are stations for sectioning the pipeline for different purposes, like hydro testing, emergency
shut-down, etc. Other stations can be for by-pass lines, branch lines, etc.
BDAGE Booster station
Booster station, also called compressor station (gas) or pumping station (liquids), is an intermediate station in
the transport system which purpose is to increase pressure of the product coming through the pipeline and
being sent on to the next station or terminal.
BDAGG Control centre
Control centre is the operating centre of a transport system where the flow, pressure, etc. is controlled,
measured and recorded.
BDB Railway
Railway as a transport system is used for transporting products – liquid and/or solids from remotely located
processing/treatment/handling facilities to export facilities, subdivided and coded as follows:
BDBA Civil works – formation
Civil works – formation are all civil works required to complete railway formations, hereunder – the
establishment of quarries, clearing and grubbing of railway route corridor, bulk cutting and filling of common
masses to achieve specified grade, drainage systems for diversion of water from formations, earth retention
to avoid scouring and route restoration to make good track route after railway construction, as outlined in the
following:
BDBAA Quarry
Quarries are established to extract/excavate/provide high quality hard rock materials of different
screenings/sizes for bulk filling where select fill is specified and for rail-line ballast material.

BDBAB Clearing and grubbing
Clearing and grubbing is the removal and disposal of trees/stumps and organic materials along the railway
line route prior to formation works.
BDBAC Formation works
Formation works are works related to bulk cutting and filling, cutting to spoil and filling with selected fill or
borrowed materials to achieve specified formation grade/levels ready prior to tracklaying.
BDBAD Drainage systems
Drainage systems include the excavation/construction of open drains to allow bypass of catchment water
from formations, construction of culverts under formation embankments and stormwater pipe drain systems.
BDBAE Earth retention
Earth retention – systems and methods used to avoid erosion of embankments and/or retaining systems –
includes such as
 stone filled gabions/reno-mattresses,

 filter fabrics and geotextiles,
 sprayed cement/concrete (gunite).
BDBAF Restoration
Restoration includes the removal of spoiled material/rubbish, spreading of topsoil, seeding and planting of
natural vegetation along railway route after construction is complete.
BDBB Civil works – structures
All civil works other than earthworks/drainage required to be constructed and which form part of the railway
system, including the construction of bridges, abutments, tunnels, loading facilities, receiving facilities and
station buildings:
BDBBA River/fjord crossings
River/fjord crossings include the construction of bridges of various design types and construction materials –
river bridges are normally concrete pyloned with piled bases and precast concrete beams.
BDBBB Road crossings
Railway road crossings may be bridged overpasses where the railway line is elevated above the road. Roads
may be bridged and elevated above the railway line or the crossing may simply be a crossing at the same
level with security gates to allow train passage.
BDBBC Tunnels
Tunnels are normally
 benched or full face driven through hard rocks in undulating terrain where open cutting is not considered
economical,
 machine cut by rotating full-face moles where tunnels are exceedingly long and/or where materials cut
are not excessively hard.
BDBBD Loading facilities
Loading facilities consist of rail terminal buildings/structures and weigh scales and
 loading arms for liquids/liquid gases for discharge into tank wagons,
 storage hoppers/loading chutes for solid materials,
 other loading systems.

BDBBE Receiving facilities
Rail terminal buildings/structures for receiving railway transported products, including such as
 discharge arms/systems for liquids/liquid gases and reticulation to storage tanks for later export,
 dumper/turnover systems for solids,
 other receiving/discharging systems.
BDBBF Station buildings
Buildings/platforms constructed as part of the railway system will normally house local control systems,
amenity and service facilities.
BDBC Trackwork
Trackwork includes
 placing of sleepers, points, turnouts, rail handling, rail laying, fixing to sleepers, welding, ballasting
alignment tamping of railway line,
 signal/control systems along route and track access prevention.
BDBCA Tracklaying
Receiving of materials, placing of sleepers, points and turnouts, handling, placing and fixing of rails to sleeper
fish plates/pandrols and welding of prestressed rails.
BDBCB Ballasting/alignment
Placing spreading of selected crushed ballast rock around sleepers and rails, lifting, tamping and alignment
of railway line to gradient/curvature specification.
BDBCC Signals/control systems
Signals/control systems installed along railway line route, include such as: masts, signal lights, local control
systems, point switches/actuators and crossing signals.
BDBCD Track access prevention
Track access prevention includes along route fencing/guard systems to prevent access to railway line.
BDBD Rolling stock operation facilities
Rolling stock operation facilities are facilities required in support of railway operations and will normally
include
 mechanical service and repair workshops,

 rolling stock yards/storage yards,
 buildings and services and permanent housing.
As outlined and coded below:
BDBDA Mechanical service and repair workshops
Workshops constructed for mechanical servicing and repair of
 rolling stock locomotives, prime movers, service/maintenance wagons and machines and transport
wagons,
 signals and control systems,

 electrical units.
BDBDB Stock yards/storage yards
Stock yards are lines spurred from the main line for storage of rolling stock that may be located at different
locations along the railway route, normally at the rolling stock operation facilities‟ main workshop locations.
Storage yards are laydown areas for open-air storage of materials, and enclosed storage for equipment.
BDBDC Buildings and services
Buildings and services at main operation facility yards include industrial and administrative buildings –
Administration building, gatehouses, change houses and services required at facility.
BDBDD Permanent accommodation
Permanent accommodation includes houses, quarters and amenity buildings for housing railway operations
staff.
BDBE Railway utilities
Railway utilities consist of all systems required in support and operation of the railway systems:
 electrical power supply and distribution;

 overhead power lines;
 lighting systems;
 instrumentation and central control systems;
 communications;
 water supply;
 fuel supply and storage;
 lube systems and effluent disposal.
BDBEA Electrical power supply and distribution
Electrical power supply and distribution consists of supply from connection to national power grids,
high-tension mast/poles and aerial cabling to railway system sub-stations for further distribution.
BDBEB Overhead power lines
High tension overhead power line systems used for the supply of power to electric prime mover sets, includes
 lines,
 masts,
 brakes,
 insulators and cables,
 local substations.
BDBEC Lighting systems
Area and flooding lighting as required along the railway route and at the facilities.
BDBED Instrumentation and central control systems
Instrumentation and central control systems for the railway system.
BDBEE Communication systems
Communication systems for the railway system – telemetry, UHF/VHF radios, telephones, etc.

BDBEF Water supply
Water supply, treatment and reticulation to the railway facilities.
BDBEG Fuel supply systems
Diesel oil storage tanks, transfer metering and filling systems.
BDBEH Lube systems
Lube oil and grease storage and servicing systems.
BDBEI Effluent disposal systems
Systems for receiving, storage, treatment and disposal of waste.
BDC Roads
Roads as a transport system is used for transporting products – liquid and/or solids from remotely located
processing/treatment/handling facilities to export facilities. Roads are subdivided and coded as follows:
BDCA Civil works – formation
Civil works – formation are all civil works required to complete road formations hereunder – the establishment
of quarries, clearing and grubbing of road route corridor, bulk cutting and filling of common masses to
achieve specified grade, drainage systems for diversion of water from formations, earth retention to avoid
scouring and route restoration to make good route after road construction as outlined and coded in the
following:
BDCAA Quarry
Quarries are established to extract/excavate/provide high quality hard rock materials of different
screenings/sizes for bulk filling where select fill is specified and for sub-base/base course material.
BDCAB Clearing and grubbing
Clearing and grubbing is the removal and disposal of trees/stumps and organic materials along the road
route prior to formation works.
BDCAC Formation works
Formation works are works related to bulk cutting and filling, cutting to spoil and filling with selected fill or
borrowed materials to achieve specified formation grade/levels.
BDCAD Drainage systems
Drainage systems include the excavation/construction of open drains to allow bypass of catchment water
from formations, construction of culverts under formation embankments and stormwater pipe drain systems.
BDCAE Earth retention
Earth retention – systems and methods used to avoid erosion of embankments and/or retaining systems –
including such as
 stone filled gabions/reno-mattresses,

 filter fabrics and geotextiles,
 sprayed cement/concrete (gunite).

BDCAF Restoration
Restoration includes the removal of spoiled material/rubbish, spreading of topsoil, seeding and planting of
natural vegetation along road route after construction is complete.
BDCB Civil works – structures
All civil works other than earthworks/drainage, required to be constructed and which form part of the road
including the construction of bridges, abutments, tunnels, loading facilities, receiving facilities and buildings:
BDCBA River/fjord crossings
River/fjord crossings include the construction of bridges of various design types and construction materials –
river bridges are normally concrete pyloned with piled bases and precast concrete beams.
BDCBB Rail crossings
Railway/road crossings may be bridged overpasses where the railway line is elevated above the road, roads
may be bridged and elevated above the railway line or the crossing may simply be a crossing at the same
level with security gates to allow train passage.
BDCBC Tunnels
Tunnels are normally:
 benched or full face driven through hard rocks in undulating terrain where open cutting is not considered
economical,
 machine cut by rotating full-face moles where tunnels are exceedingly long and/or where materials cut
are not excessively hard.
BDCBD Loading facilities
Loading facilities consist of road terminal buildings/structures and weigh scales and
 loading arms for liquids/liquid gases for discharge into tank wagons,
 storage hoppers/loading chutes for solid materials,
 other loading systems.
BDCBE Receiving facilities
Terminal buildings/structures for receiving road transported products, including such as
 discharge arms/systems for liquids/liquid gases and reticulation to storage tanks for later export,
 dumper systems for solids,
 other receiving/discharging systems.
BDCC Road completion
Road completion includes all resources and activities to complete roads after completion of road formation
and civil structures, such as
 placement spreading and compaction of sub-base and base courses,

 tarmac paving with asphaltic cement,
 concrete paving,
 placement of signals and signs,
 erection of safety systems including guardrails,
 power supply and lighting and communication systems.

BDCCA Sub-base/base courses
Sub-base/base courses include the handling, transport, loading, provision of select fill material, spreading,
grading and compaction of sub-base and base courses ready for paving.
BDCCB Tarmac paving
Tarmac paving is the
 handling, transport, loading and provision of asphaltic cement – asphalt paving,

 handling, transport, loading of coated sprayed asphalt binder with fine crushed rock screening covers.
BDCCC Concrete paving
Concrete paving includes
 the provision, transport, loading and placement of precast concrete road pavement elements, placed on
prepared formations,
 the in-situ construction of reinforced concrete pavement in formed sections,
 the in-situ construction of reinforced concrete pavement using continual poured slab techniques with
purpose built paving machines.
BDCCD Signals/signs
Signals and signs include all sign posts, automatic signal lights, guide posts, line marking and painted
symbols, required to provide direction along route for safe passage.
BDCCE Safety systems
Safety systems include
 guardrails placed along roads to prevent passage away from roadways,

 precast concrete/guardrailed systems to prevent crossing to oncoming traffic lanes,
 automated traffic lights.
BDCCF Power supply and lighting
Power supply and lighting include
 connection to power supply/national grid masts/poles and aerial cabling to substations,

 roadway floodlighting masts, poles, cabling and floodlights for road illumination,
 power supply to automated traffic lights.
BDCCG Communications
Communication systems along roads: telephone sets, UHF/VHF radio and other.
BDCD Maintenance facilities
Facilities which are required in support of road maintenance:
BDCDA Plant and equipment workshops
Workshops required for the maintenance, for such as
 repair and servicing of plant and equipment used for maintenance of roads,
 repair of safety systems/power supply and lighting systems and communication systems.
BDCDB Storage yards/warehouses
Storage yards and depots for storage of such as

 asphalt, cement, crushed rock and sand,

 storage of precast concrete paving slabs,
 outdoor storage of pipe, cable masts, etc.
 indoor storage of spare parts, machinery, tools and equipment.
BDCDC Buildings and services
Buildings and services required to house maintenance plant and equipment, such as
 garages/storage halls,
 administrative buildings,
 services required in support of foregoing.
BDCDD Permanent accommodation
Permanent accommodation including housing, quarters and amenities buildings to house road maintenance
personnel.
BDD Electrical power transmission line
Onshore el. power transmission line (includes switch yard) is for electric power supply
 from power plant (e.g. gas fired) to another land based plant (battery limit is the land based plants
switchboard), or to the main (national) grid,
 from power plant to offshore facilities (battery limit is the connection point in the shore approach area;
shore approach is "part" of the sea cable),
 from the main grid to offshore facilities (battery limit as above) and theoretical vice versa,
 from overseas import/export via sea cable (battery limit as above) to grid/onshore plant.
For sea (power) cables, see PBS AEF and AEH. For power cables from the main grid to onshore plants, see
PBS BCDB (external facilities).
The onshore el. power transmission line is subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:
BDDA Route preparation
The code for route preparation may include
 survey of corridors,
 archaeological studies and similar,
 right of way (ROW) acquisition,
 airplane/satellite photographs,
 earthworks and drainage associated with route preparation,
 other relevant work which is not associated with cable trenching operations.
BDDB Trenching/culverts/backfill
Includes the following works related to buried cables:
 excavation to below grade to specified depths, of trench for later cable installation;
 installation of culverts, mattresses, pipes and similar protection;
 backfill with e.g. selected, imported fill material, to cover cable(s). Backfill with excavated materials to
complete cover, ready for restoration.
For installation of cable(s) in trench, see PBS BDDDA.
BDDC Power pylons/poles
Included are power pylons/poles for overhead power lines with such as

 masts/structures,
 foundations and supports,
 insulators and other appurtenances/accessories.
BDDD Cable installation
Overland power cables may be installed underground or as overhead power lines as outlined below. Also
signal/instrument cables for the el. power transmission line system (e.g. to power station) are included herein.
BDDDA In trench
The cables are rolled out from cable drums, placed underground in trench, lined, interconnected and tested.
BDDDB Above ground
For overhead power lines, the cables are installed on pylons/poles with separating elements and standard
aerial markings as relevant.
BDDE Route restoration
Clean up including any earth movement and landscaping work to minimise the environmental impact of the
power line.
BDDF Crossings
Crossings are constructions and particular precautions to pass barriers like
 roads,
 rails,
 rivers,
 fjords,
 ravines, etc.
Crossings often consist of bridges and tunnels as outlined below. Also included are particular precautions
(and costs thereof) – compared to traditional/normal cable installation operations – to perform crossing.
Normally crossings will have more impact on/relevance for underground installations than for overhead lines.
BDDFA Road crossing
Road crossings are usually made by
 horizontal directional drilling/pressing under the road without disturbing the surface or halting the traffic,
 bridged road crossing.
BDDFB Rail crossing
Rail crossings are usually made through similar arrangements as for road crossings.
BDDFC River crossing
Depending of the crossing length, the river crossings can be made by
 horizontal directional drilling/pressing below scour level,

 suspension bridge for aerial crossing (of “original”/previous underground cable),
 piers support (of “original”/previous underground cable),
 cable installed by barges.

BDDFD Fjord crossing
Depending on the crossing length, the fjord crossings may be installed by
 barges,
 suspension bridge for aerial crossing (of “original”/previous underground cable).
Also included are particular line markings or signal systems for aeroplane warning of obstructions by the line.
BDDFE Ravine crossing
May include aerial crossing over the ravine for the “original”/previous underground cable(s), and particular
crossing precautions.
BDDG Switch yard
The switch yard is the centre for control and monitoring of the power transmission line system and is
subdivided and coded as follows:
BDDGA Buildings/foundations
Buildings/foundations for the switch yard include
 all earthwork,
 piling – if necessary,
 foundations/civil structures/buildings/shelters,
 architectural work and outfitting,
 heating, ventilation and sanitary systems, el. distribution and lighting systems, within battery limits
(buildings),
 all other facilities/outfitting necessary to make use of the above, within battery limits,
 refill and greening after construction.
Excluded are outfitting for the control and monitoring:
BDDGB Outfitting
Includes outfitting for control and monitoring of the power line system, such as
 switchgear,
 bus ducts,
 power metering equipment,
 control units,
 signal and communication system,
 etc.
BDDH Transformers, rectifiers and converters
This code includes major electrical equipment – for particular power lines – such as
 transformers,
 rectifiers,
 converters.
The code is relevant for long distance power lines normally passing both land and sea, with electrical
transformation – AC/DC – often in both ends.
Gas power stations will normally have such major electrical equipment as listed above within its battery limit
(see PBS BT).
Offshore platforms supplied with electric power from land will normally have such equipment as part of the
topside equipment (see PBS AA).

BE Drilling facilities
Onshore drilling facilities is subdivided as follows:
 wellhead area or wellbay area is located below the derrick/derrick substructure. The area includes
wellheads, X-mas trees and manifolds for test, production and injection.
 derrick – which includes the derrick structure, derrick substructure, drillfloor, skidbeams and jacks and
drillers offices. The Derrick "area" contains all structures, equipment and machinery for carrying out the
drilling operation.
 mud handling – a group of systems, which store, mix, transfer, circulate, recover and treat drilling mud.
The systems are also used to transport cuttings, cool drill bits and provide a dense medium to prevent
blowouts.
 pipe handling – an arrangement to store, handle, move and feed conductor pipes, casing and tubing to
the derrick.
 drilling utilities – essential utilities required in support of drilling operations such as power, compressed
air, water, lighting and storage.
An outline and coding are given below:
BEA Wellhead
The function of the wellhead area/well pad/well site is to receive wellstream from production riser systems for
further distribution to separation systems, receive and distribute treated water from water injection system for
injection into reservoir(s), and receive separated gas for reinjection into reservoir(s) or gas for gas lift.
Functional systems within the area are
 drilling and well control systems,

 production systems,
 production stimulation systems,
 chemical injection systems.
Manufactured/fabricated equipment installed in or related to the area is such as
 surface wellheads,
 X-mas trees,
 emergency shut-down system,
 production manifold,
 test manifold,
 injection manifold,
 mechanical handling equipment,
 controls and blow-out preventer.
BEB Derrick
The drilling derrick with derrick substructure, drill floor, skid beams and jacks and drillers office are used for
drilling and completion of production and injection wells and workover of completed wells: all included under
this code.
The derrick is a tower/mast lattice framework structure positioned above the wellslots. The derrick supports
the hoisting mechanism – crown and travelling blocks used for raising and lowering drillstrings. The travelling
block is connected to the swivel/kelly, and the kelly is attached to the drillstring and turned by the rotary table.
Drawworks is the hoisting winch for handling drill pipe, casing and tubing.
Fabricated/manufactured and installed machinery and equipment related to the derrick include such as
 derrick base/substructure,
 bop control,
 cathead,

 cat line,
 crown block,
 doghouse/drillers office,
 drawworks,
 drillers console,
 drilling line,
 dynamatic/hydramatic packs,
 elevators,
 fast line,
 gin pole,
 hoisting line,
 hook,
 kelly,
 kelly bushing,
 kelly hose,
 ladders/access,
 line guides,
 derrick mast structure,
 mast lifting line,
 monkey board,
 mousehole,
 derrick piperack,
 rathole,
 reserve drilling line,
 rotary drive,
 rotary table,
 safety line,
 standpipe,
 swivel,
 swivel springs,
 tongs and travelling block.
BEC Mud handling
The systems for mud handling (mud systems) comprise of mud pumps, mud tanks, mud lines and circulating
hoses. The systems through continuous circulation of mud have several functions:
 removal of drill cuttings from the drill bits;

 cool and lubricate the drill bits and plastering borehole walls;
 provide a dense medium to prevent flow of water, oil and gas into the wellbore to prevent blowouts.
Mud is a suspension of clays in water or oils, a mixture where bentonite is dosed with barite, etc. to increase
density. Mud systems may be divided into
 mud preparation which includes bulk storage, distribution and mixing,

 mud pumps,
 mud recovery and treatment system,
 reserve – storage pits and hoppers.
Fabricated/manufactured and installed equipment in mud handling systems are such as
 burner boom,
 centrifuges,
 chemical dosers,
 compounds storage,
 cyclones,
 drill cuttings disposal,
 desanders/desilters,
 degassers,

 discharge lines,
 mud mixing bins/hoppers,
 mud-bulk storage,
 mud-gas separators,
 mud guns,
 mud hoppers,
 mud-lines,
 mud logging unit,
 mud mixers,
 mud mixing plant,
 mud pressure control,
 pump drivers,
 pumps – mud mixing,
 pumps – mud circulation,
 reserve pit/bins,
 sand settling bin/pit,
 shale bin/pits,
 shale shaker,
 storage-bulk (barite, etc.),
 storage-liquid mud,
 storage mud additives,
 suction lines,
 suction bin/pit,
 water storage and supporting structures.
BED Pipe handling
Pipe handling is a system adjacent to the drilling derrick used for storage, retrieving and handling of pipes
and tubing. The system comprises
 piperacks for storage,

 piperack catwalk,
 ramp and associated structural components.
The system is confined to the interface with the derrick structure and handles pipe from piperacks through
catwalk and up pipe ramps whereupon pipes are stacked/stored in the derrick piperack.
BEE Drilling utilities
Drilling utilities are required to support the drilling operations and comprise of such as
 accumulators,
 drill tool storage,
 engine drivers,
 fuel lines,
 fuel tanks,
 power generators,
 oil and grease storage,
 tool house,
 trip tanks,
 water storage and reticulation and plant lighting.
BF Onshore wells
Wells hereunder are the facility that transports wellstream products (oil/gas/water/sand) from the sub-terrain
reservoirs to the onshore surface for the purposes of petroleum exploration. The wells are subdivided and
coded as follows:

BFA Drilling
Drilled wells are the result of the drilling operations. Resultant from the drilling operations is cased and
cemented wells, finished to target measured depths at specific locations within the reservoir. Two types of
rigs/rig functions may be used; fixed or mobile drilling rigs:
BFAA Fixed drilling rig
A fixed drilling rig is a dedicated wellsite rig where a number of wells are to be drilled. The fixed drilling rig is
assembled from packages, containing all necessary functional equipment and support services.
The fixed drilling rig similar to offshore rigs is skidded, jacked over wellsite location whereupon the drilling
operation begins.
BFAB Mobile drilling rig
A mobile drilling rig have the same functions as the fixed drilling rig, however the mobile unit is a completely
self-contained unit with tracks or multi-rubber tyres which can be steered, manoeuvred and transported to
separate locations, normally individual satellite type locations, remote from a batch drilled wellsite.
BFB Downhole completion
Preparation of a well for production after drilling (the wells are cased, cemented, serviced). Making
permanent contact between the horizon completes each productive horizon “area” and the well bore,
installing tubing and equipment for controlling fluid flow. Contact with each horizon may be achieved directly
(barefoot) or by perforating casings.
Completions may be single or multiple completions, separate tubing is run according to the number of
productive zones, performed by:
BFBA Fixed drilling rig
A fixed drilling rig dedicated as a multiple wellsite rig used for downhole completion of well(s) as described for
under the code for drilling. The rig is identical, assembled from modules/units/assemblies and packages, to a
fixed rig at wellsite location.
BFBB Mobile drilling rig
Mobile drilling rigs used for completion have essentially the same functions as fixed rigs as described for
under the code for drilling. Essentially a completely self-contained unit with tracks or multi-rubber tyres which
can be transported/manoeuvred into place for completion.
BG Temporary facilities
This code covers facilities with appurtenant services required to support workers and staff during the
construction period of an onshore plant/land based installation. Temporary facilities are normally removed
after plant/installation completion, and include
 construction camp,
 utility construction,
 office buildings,
 warehouses and workshops,
 communication.
As outlined under the following subcodes:
BGA Construction camp
Construction camp comprises all resources required to
 physically set-up the temporary housing, hotel, mess room and similar other building facilities which
includes site preparation,

 temporary road and parking area construction,

 prefabrication and laydown area preparation,
 temporary plant and camp fencing,
 security systems and access installations.
 furniture and equipment to run a construction camp.
BGB Utility construction
Utility construction provides the temporary logistics that make a camp and construction operation possible
and includes the installation of
 water supply lines,

 electrical power for camp and construction purposes,
 heating facilities,
 sewer treatment and waste disposal systems,
 other systems that must be installed to assist in construction.
BGC Office buildings
Office buildings that are required by the administration requirements of the construction activity are covered
under this code.
The construction includes all civil work, complete installation of power, water, office equipment and furniture
necessary to run the office. Size and quality are normally determined by the administration requirements of
the owner.
BGD Warehouses and workshops
Temporary warehouse/storage facilities and workshops inclusive all constructed facilities to run this facility,
like e.g. storage racks, silos, containers, fencing, overhead cranes, unloading facilities as well as workshops
machinery and tools, shall be included here.
BGE Communication
Temporary telephone, telex, telefax, radio, TV or other communication means that must be installed to
interconnect and connect the construction site to the public network are coded hereunder.
BK Process – hydro carbons – gas/oil
Under this code a group of major processes pertaining gas and oil are covered:
 pre-treatment and separation;

 LPG/LNG fractionation and product treatment;
 crude refining;
 LNG processing.
The processes are outlined and coded as follows:
BKA Process – pretreatment and separation
This is a brief description of the oil/gas pre-treatment and separation process, which comprises three main
groups:
 receiving facilities;
 pre-treatment facilities;
 separation facilities.
As outlined below:

BKAA Receiving facilities
Receiving facilities are defined as the inlet port of an onshore plant for products being produced outside plant
area. Facilities are designed for handling gaseous, liquid, a blending thereof or solid feedstock.
The segments of these facilities are very much dependent on the kind of feedstocks provided and their ways
of transfer. This can either be by:
 pipelines;
 ships;
 road/rail tankers;
 or by a combination thereof.
In general these facilities include (if applicable by feedstock)
 pig receiver stations,

 slug catcher,
 pressure and temperature controls,
 buffer storage tanks,
 feed metering systems,
 feed loading arms,
 surge facilities,
 feed booster pumps, compressors.
BKAB Pretreatment facilities
The pre-treatment facilities are the subsequent systems through which any feedstock received must pass
before being ready for further processing. By passing-through these systems all process (product)
contaminating elements are removed from the feedstock which then is prepared to enter the separation and
distillation systems in a stabilised condition. The removal of contaminating elements may entail
 H2S/CO2 removal,
 desalting of crude oil,
 mercury removal,
 MEG removal,
 dehydration,
 other unwanted elements.
The stabilisation systems may include for
 gas regeneration systems,

 crude stabilization facilities,
 liquid drying facilities,
 gas drying facilities,
 vaporization installations,
 other feed stabilizing elements.
BKAC Separation facilities
These facilities separate the by-components from the main-components either by a refrigeration process or
by distillation. Thus NGL (natural gas liquids) is extracted from feed gas by way of various refrigeration
stages. The main-component will be lean gas, which will be sold as sales gas via pipeline compression or
be sent to a LNG-plant (liquefied natural gas) for liquefaction.
A typical NGL extraction plant may consist of the following:
 feed gas cooler;

 expander suction drum;
 expander;
 demethaniser feed exchanger;
 demethaniser feed separator;

 demethaniser reboiler (2);

 demethaniser side reboiler (2);
 brake compressor.
BKB Process – LPG/NGL
General description of the LPG/NGL (liquefied natural gas/natural gas liquids) fractionation and treatment
process scheme: The NGL plant is designed to separate the natural gas liquid fraction of the feed gas into
the following commercial products:
 ethane C2;
 propane C3;
 isobutane C4-I;
 normal butane C4-n;
 natural gasoline (pentane ) C5+.
The above process can be grouped into two major systems:
 fractionation;
 product treatment.
BKBA Fractionation
The bottom product of the demethaniser (see gas/oil pre-treatment and separation process – PBS BKAC) is
fed to the fractionation plant.
The fractionation plant consists of the following systems:
 deethaniser;
 depropaniser;
 debutaniser;
 butane splitter.
Each of these systems are almost identical with respect to process and may comprise the following major
equipment:
 column with tray internals;

 condensate stripper;
 reboiler;
 overhead condenser;
 reflux drum;
 reflux pumps.
In each system the most volatile hydrocarbons or the hydrocarbons with the lowest boiling point temperature
are separated from the hydrocarbon mixture by distillation.
The overall pattern in a distillation column is counter-current contacting of vapour and liquid at a number of
trays stacked one above the other and encloses in a cylindrical shell to form a column. The liquid passes
down the column from tray to tray and the vapour rises up through each tray causing intimate mixing of the
two counter-current streams.
The liquid reaching the bottom of the column is partially vaporised in a reboiler to provide vapour flow up the
column. The remainder of the bottom liquid is withdrawn as bottom product.
The vapour reaching the top of the column is condensed to liquid in an overhead condenser. Part of this cold
liquid flows down the column again. The remainder is withdrawn as distillate product.
The demethaniser described under PBS BKAC, however, is only a stripping column with no reflux system.

The overall fractionation achieved between the overhead product and the bottom product depends primarily
on the relative volatility of the hydrocarbons, the number of the trays and the ratio of the liquid to the vapour
phase.
BKBB Product treatment
The product treatment facilities for NGL/LNG mainly consist of the following major systems:
 process refrigeration;
 process chilling and vapour recovery;
 product cooling;
 sales gas compression;
 LNG liquefaction ;
 LNG vaporisation.
The need of the above is, however, subject to the desired product outputs.
A general brief description of the above systems is:
Process refrigeration system

The process refrigeration system – having liquid propane as refrigerant – provides cooling of the NGL
products (propane, n-butane and condensation of the deethaniser overhead vapour).
The system is a closed circuit system and may consist of the following major equipment:
 propane refrigeration receiver;

 high pressure propane refrigeration drum;
 medium pressure propane refrigeration drum;
 propane refrigeration compressor and turbine;
 propane refrigeration condenser;
 deethaniser;
 product chillers.
The following products need further chilling to storage temperature:
 ethane (C2);
 propane (C3);
 i-butane (C4i);
 LNG (C1).
Product chilling and vapour recovery system

This system is designed to achieve
 the final refrigeration of ethane, propane and iso-butane products from the process train before entering
the storage tanks,
 the liquefaction of vapours generated in the storage tanks and loading systems.
This refrigeration and liquefaction is achieved by an open circuit propane refrigeration system consisting of
the following sections:
 propane refrigeration system (open);

 propane and iso-butane product chillers;
 iso-butane and normal butane tank condenser.
The propane refrigeration system is designed as an open circuit where propane vapour from storage and
loading is used in the refrigeration cycle. The system may have the following major equipment incorporated:
 first level propane refrigeration drum;

 second level propane refrigeration drum;
 propane refrigeration vapour recovery compressors (2);
 propane condensers (2);

 propane liquid subcooler;

 propane receiver.
Product cooling system (seawater)

Generally this system is used for the bottom products of the
 debutaniser, product: natural gasoline (C5+),

 butane splitter, product: n-butane.
The system will use for example seawater as cooling medium via heat exchanger to process before sending
 gasoline to storage,
 n-butane to the product chilling system.
Sales gas compression system

The sales gas compression system is designed to provide sufficient discharge pressure for the transportation
of the gas to the point of destination at required rate and pressure. It will generally consist of:
 sales gas compression drum,

 compression units (normally min. two units),
 sales gas coolers.
The sales gas is mainly methane from the NGL extraction plant (see BKAC code description) or a blending of
higher boiling point gases (e.g. ethane). The gas from the process train(s) is mixed prior to entering a suction
drum where any liquids – if present – are removed. The compression unit consists of:
 sales gas compressor,

 driver,
 sales gas compressor aftercooler.
During the compression phase the gas is heated up and must be cooled down by use of heat exchanger (e.g.
seawater) before entering the sales gas metering section.
LNG liquefaction
There are two major LNG liquefaction processes in use:
 APCI (MCR) process,

 TELEARC process.
For a more detailed description of LNG Liquefaction, see PBS BDK.
In general the liquefaction process is a product cooling process using a multi stage cooling and vaporisation
system.
LNG vaporisation
Facilities for LNG vaporisation are used in LNG import terminals and generally consists of the following
alternative systems or a combination thereof depending on local situations:
 simple heat exchange with seawater or water source, such as river water or cooling tower effluent,
 gas fired vaporises most often of the submerged combustion type,
 indirect or intermediate vaporises in which vaporisation takes place in heat exchange with intermediate
fluid heated by an external source.
Most LNG terminals employ a combination of seawater and gas fired vaporises with seawater vaporises used
as base load sent out. Gas fired vaporises provide additional output during short-term peak demand periods
as back-up in the event of interruption in operation of the seawater vaporises.
BKC Process – crude refining
The basic purpose of refining has always been to make lighter products. This brief description shall give an
overview of the most applied process steps of crude oil refining to produce fuels, lubricants, asphalt and

waxes. Some of the separation methods included are for the purpose of extracting materials as feedstocks
for the petro-chemical side of hydrocarbon processing.
A general summary would list the various steps of refining as follows:
 crude distillation;
 cracking;
 hydro treating;
 catalytic reforming;
 isomerisation;
 alkylation and MTBE;
 solvent refining;
 other refining processes.
The following process descriptions indicate the above steps with major systems together with their general
output products, and codes:
BKCA Crude distillation
Crude distillation uses single or multiple fractionation columns to separate crude oil into fractions usually
identified by boiling range. These fractions become the intermediate streams for additional downstream
processing. Typically, these streams are identified as follows:
Crude oil fractions Boiling range degrees Fahrenheit
 gases below 80
 light naphtha 80 to 220
 heavy naphtha 180 to 520
 light gas oil 425 to 650
 heavy gas oil 610 to 800
 residues above 800
A crude distillation layout can be described as follows:
When only one crude distillation column is used, it is operated at atmospheric pressure. The sidestream
products from this column go to smaller individual stripper columns. In the stripper columns, the lighter
fractions are removed by steam and inserted back into the main column to continue their passage up the
column.
The liquid from the bottom of the main column (reduced crude) can be isolated into additional fractions by
adding a second stage of distillation under vacuum.
Lubricant production often requires yet a third stage also operated under vacuum.
The crude distillation unit is one of the largest users of heat in a refining scheme. A typical unit will get half of
its heat from heat recovery via exchangers and the remainder from fuel fired preheaters.
Cracking converts heavy petroleum fractions into lighter, more valuable fractions. The cracking process can
be divided into three main categories:
 thermal cracking (two processes):

 coking;
 visbreaking.
 fluid catalytic cracking;
 hydrocracking.

BKCB Coking
This is the more severe form of thermal cracking. The feedstock is a residual, which may resist cracking by
other means. In some other cases coking is used because it is a less expensive way to get more light stocks
from a barrel of crude. The coke is in fact considered a by-product of the process.
Processes in use are
 delayed coking,
 flexicoking,
 LR coking,
 selective yield delayed coking (SYDEC).
Products:
Coke, gas, LPG, naphtha and gas oils.
BKCC Visbreaking
Visbreaking is the milder form of thermal cracking. It is used to reduce the viscosity of some residual fractions
so that a less cutter stock is needed to meet fuel oil specifications for viscosity.
Common used processes are
 shell soaker visbreaking,

 Thervahl thermal visbreaking.
Products:
Gas, naphtha, gas oil and stable fuel oil.
BKCD Fluid catalytic cracking
Innovations which are made from time to time hold the fluid catalytic cracking (FCCU) process in the position
of being the major way to convert more of a barrel of crude into lighter fuels.
The following processes are in use:
 asphalt residual treating (ART);

 heavy oil cracking (HOC);
 reduced crude conversion (RCC);
 ultra – orthoflow.
Products:
Ranging from light olefins for alkylation and polymerisation, LPG and petrochemicals to high-octane gasoline,
distillates and fuel oils.
BKCE Hydrocracking
Hydrocracking processes give both cracking and hydrogenation, and can be viewed as a special extension of
the hydrotreating process, which is described later.
Hydrocracking processing objective range from the production of LPG from naphtha feed to the production of
gasoline, middle distillates, lube stocks, ethylene plant feedstock and high-quality catalytic cracking feedstock
from very heavy feeds.
 catalytic dewaxing (CDW);

 H oil;
 HC unibon;

 hydroconversion;
 isocracking;
 LC fining;
 mild hydrocracking;
 mild resid hydrocracking (MRH);
 residfining;
 unicracking.
Today hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking are companion processes whose relative sizes depend upon
the crude oil being processed and the product distribution sought.
BKCF Hydrotreating
Hydrotreating may handle a variety of feeds. In all cases, the feed is combined with hydrogen and passed
over a catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure. The extent of treatment depends on the nature of the
feedstock, the severity of the reacting conditions and the type of catalyst. Hydrotreating can be classified into
two types depending on its purpose:
 the hydrotreated stream becomes a feedstock for subsequent processes;

 the hydrotreated material is a blending stock for finished products.
For catalytic reforming hydrotreating is a must. The reforming catalyst is susceptible to poisoning by sulphur,
nitrogen and metal compounds in the reformer feed. The hydrotreating processes reflect a wide range of
applications in the hydrocarbon processing such as removal of sulphur, nitrogen, asphaltene and metal
contaminants from atmospheric or vacuum feedstock, convert some residuum into lighter products and
reduce the viscosity of the unconverted product.
 HYVAHL hydrotreatment;
 RDS/VRDS hydrotreating;
 unionfining.
Products:
FCCU feedstock, coker feedstock, low sulphur fuel oil, middle distillate products, chemical feedstock.
BKCG Catalytic reforming
The need to increase the anti-knock quality of naphtha as a blending stock for motor fuels is the greatest
single reason for installing catalytic reforming. Although a number of reactions take place during reforming,
the predominant one is the dehydrogenation of naphtenes to form aromatics. Some of these aromatics are
isolated to become petrochemical feedstock, but most become motor fuel blending stocks of high anti-knock
quality.
Most feedstocks for reforming are hydrotreated first to remove arsenic, sulphur and nitrogen compounds (see
also under hydrotreating above).
Hydrogen is a by-product of catalytic reforming. Some of it is recycled to the reformer reactor, but the majority
is available for such processes as
 hydrotreating,
 isomerisation,
 manufacture of petrochemicals.
 magnaforming;
 platforming;
 powerforming;
 rheniforming.

Products:
Premium blending components, high yield benzene or other aromatics, aviation gasoline.
BKCH Isomerisation
Somewhat like catalytic reforming, isomerisation processes also rearrange the molecular form of a feedstock
while holding down the losses from cracking or condensation reactions. The process can be split into:
 Butane isomerisation:
This form of isomerisation is linked closely with alkylation (see further description). By building
isomerisation and alkylation units together, each one can share common distillation equipment. The
purpose of this process is to make petrochemical feedstock.
 Pentane and heavier feed isomerisation:

The most popular form of isomerisation for motor fuels is pentane and hexane isomerisation. The
requirement for this process comes from the need to upgrade the anti-knock quality of the lighter portions
of the fuel blend: for example pentane having a research octane rating of 62, can be converted to
isopentane having a clear research octane rating of e.g. 92.
The most common processes are
 HYSOMER,
 ISOSIV,
 MOLEX,
 PENEX,
 TIP, or a combination thereof.
Products:
Increased octane rating C5/C6 fraction.
BKCI Alkylation
These processes combine isobutane with light olefins (propylene, butylene and occasionally amylene) to
produce a branched and chained paraffinic fuel that is generally the best motor octane component of a
gasoline pool.
The alkylate is a high quality motor fuel having excellent octane qualities. With proper feed pre-treatment and
the use of proprietary acid additive, unleaded, high octane ratings can be produced, depending on feedstock,
operation conditions and reactor configuration.
Most applied processes are
 cascade sulphuric acid alkylation,

 effluent refrigeration,
 HF alkylation,
 H2SO4 alkylation.
Products:
Motor and/or aviation blending stock.
BKCJ MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether)
The purpose of these processes is to manufacture the gasoline octane enhancer MTBE from methanol and
isobutene.
Isobutane concentrate with fresh and recycle methanol is fed to reactors containing ion exchange resin. The
isobutene concentrate can be mixed with olefins from an FCCU or steam cracker operation, as well as on-

purpose isobutene from an isobutane dehydrogenation process. The reactor operates in the liquid phase
under mild temperature and pressure. High purity MTBE is removed as a bottom product from the MTBE
fractionator. A methanol fractionator ensures high recovery. Process provides residual butene stream
suitable without further treatment to charge directly to an alkylation or polymerisation unit.
Processes in use are
 MTBE,
 ETHEROL.
Product:
MTBE
When SOLVENT REFINING separation of petroleum fractions is mentioned, it is common to think in term of
some form of fractional distillation. Yet there is another form of separation that is vital to modern processing:
SOLVENT REFINING. These processes separate petroleum fractions – or remove impurities – on the basis
of materials having different relative solubility in particular solvents. There are as many processes available
as there are solvents, which shall not be described in full herein. The following major areas are briefly
covered:
 deasphalting;
 treating;
 wax/oil separation;
 lube treatment.
These are outlined and coded as follows:
BKCK Deasphalting
Application:
Solvent extraction to recover processible heavy oil from vacuum residues.
Description:
Residual oil (generally at vacuum tower bottom) is charged to an extractor and contacted counter-currently by
solvent. The rich solvent containing the extracted, demetallized oil (DMO) product is taken from the top of the
extractor while the raffinate, comprising asphalt and dissolved solvent, flows from the extractor bottom. The
raffinate stream is heated and sent to the asphalt separator from which flashed solvent is condensed and
directed to a solvent surge drum. The stripper bottom stream is an asphalt product, which is sent to fuel oil
blending, asphalt blending or other uses.
Several processes are in use:
 Demex;
 low-energy-deasphalting (LEDA);
 residue solvent refining (RSR);
 rose supercritical fluid technology;
 solvent deasphalting.
Products:
Refined oil for further processing, FCCU (fluid catalytic cracking unit) feedstock, resins and various asphalt.
BKCL Treating
Application:
These processes are designed to remove entrained caustic and water haze from gasoline, naphthas and
distillates, and also to remove acids monoalkyl sulphates from sulphuric acid alkylate. The general way of
treating feedstreams is via:

 electrical distillate treating

 electrofining
Products:
Bright, haze-free stock without solids suspension.
BKCM Wax/oil separation
Application:
To remove wax from either distillate or residual stocks from any crude source in the raw or refined stage
using a solvent process.
Description:
The process involves the crystallisation of wax or a selected portion of the wax contained in a waxy
concentrate, in the presence of a substantial amount of solvent. The solid wax is separated from the liquid
phase by filtration at a temperature suitable for the desired degree of fractionation.
Processes in use are e.g.:
 MIBK wax deoiling

 solvent dewaxing
 wax fractionation
Products:
Dewaxed oils with pour points closely approaching the dewaxing processing temperature, plus slack waxes
with max 10 % dewaxed oil content.
BKCN Lube treatment
Application:
Upgrade raw paraffinic or naphthenic lubricating oil stocks for: viscosity index, colour, carbon residue,
sulphur, additive response and oxidation stability, or for the solvent extraction of diesel fuel oils, burning oils,
cracking stocks and cycle oils to remove materials having low cetane number as well as such undesirable
materials as unstable compounds of acid, sulphur, organometallics and nitrogen.
Processes are e.g.:
 furfural refining
 MP refining
 lube isocracking
 percolation filtration
Products:
High-quality distillate oil and bright stock raffinates suitable (after dewaxing, if paraffinic) for blending into high
motor oils and industrial products, plus an aromatic extract by-product stream.
Other refining processes:
There are a variety of other processes, which prepare feedstock for further conversion or improve the quality
of final products. Sweetening denotes that mercaptan sulphur compounds are removed from refinery the
stream, or else the mercaptans are converted to less objectable disulphide compounds. Some of the solvent
refining processes accomplishes sweetening. But there are also other groups of processes that use a fixed
bed of absorbents to sweeten a stream. Other processes, which are included under this last BKC section, are
 grease production,
 asphalt blowing,

 coke calcining.
These processes are outlined and coded as follows:
BKCO Grease production
Application:
Manufacture of optimum quality lubricant greases.
Description:
Oil is charged to a contactor and soap ingredients added. Saponification is conducted as temperature
increases to a preset maximum. Time cycles of only 30 minutes are required to complete saponification.
Excess water is removed simultaneously by a knock-out drum in a vacuum system. Remainder of oil and
additives are then charged into a contactor where grease is cooled and finished to specification.
Products:
Lubricant greases: conventional lithium, calcium, sodium, barium, aluminium, and mixed based: non-soap
(clay) and complex-soap products.
BKCP Asphalt blowing
Application:
To obtain various types of bitumen with minimum thermal susceptibility.

Charge: vacuum asphaltic residuum.
Description:
When hot feed is directly taken from a vacuum unit, the feedstock is cooled to reaction temperature by a
steam generation system. The cooled feed enters the oxidiser column on a continuous basis. The asphalt
level of the feed increases within the oxidiser, depending on the air addition rate and the reaction
temperature. The resulting oxidised bitumen is continuously siphoned to a surge drum, and after cooling
again within the steam generation system, the product is discharged to storage.
Product:
Various types of asphalt having minimum thermal susceptibility and higher softening points than can be
obtained by distillation for a given penetration.
BKCQ Coke calcining
Application:
Produce calcined coke from raw petroleum coke.
Description:
Moist raw (green) coke is dried by indirect preheating and fed to a refractory lined rotary kiln calciner. The kiln
is inclined and the rotation speed variable. The calcined coke is then charged to a rotary cooler that is
indirectly cooled by water. The process is under subatmospheric pressure to avoid uncontrolled emissions.
Products:
Regular calcined coke used for the production of anodes for aluminium smelters or calcined needle coke
used to manufacture graphite electrodes.

BKD Process – LNG (liquefied natural gas)
The conversion of natural gas at ambient temperature to liquid at atmospheric pressure requires the removal
of heat at progressively lower temperatures. The heat removed is rejected to the surroundings, i.e. cooling
water or ambient air.
Techniques to accomplish this in a continuous manner include:
 heat exchange with an external vaporizing refrigerant,

 pressure expansion of the process fluid producing a Joule-Thomson cooling effect,
 performance of external work by the process fluid through an expansion engine.
Liquefaction processes of commercial importance for base load plants use an external, closed loop
refrigerant process to achieve liquefaction. Supplemental refrigeration is obtained from the Joule-Thomson
cooling effect or the performance of external work through an expansion engine during pressure reduction
from feed gas conditions to LNG storage condition.
Two major categories of refrigerant type process used in existing base load LNG plants are:
 cascade cycles using several, single component refrigerants at progressively lower temperature levels,
 mixed-refrigerant cycles using a mixture of hydrocarbons and nitrogen in a single refrigeration circuit.
Several variations of the mixed refrigerant process have been developed to increase thermodynamic
efficiency and improve design flexibility without increasing capital investment, such as:
 single pressure, all mixed refrigerant process,

 dual pressure, mixed refrigerant process,
 propane precooled, mixed refrigerant process,
 double (dual cycle) mixed refrigerant process.
The most successful process design has been a propane precooled, mixed refrigerant process.
A LNG process plant will combine the following facilities:
 pre-treatment/separation (already described under PBS BKA) incorporating:

 feed metering and condensate stabilization;
 H2S/CO2 removal;
 dehydration;
 mercury removal.
 LPG/NGL fractionation (already described under PBS BKB) incorporating:

 deethanizer;
 de-propanizer;
 debutaniser.
 LNG liquefaction (PBS BKD).
Process description:
Assuming prior removal of acid gases and water, the liquefaction process is described as follows: Precooling
and partial condensation of the natural gas in heat exchangers with multiple levels of propane refrigeration to
÷34°C, and then hydrocarbon distillation in the scrub column. Liquefaction and subcooling of the precooled,
light hydrocarbon feed gas by means of heat exchange with a recalculating, multi-component refrigerant
stream composed of nitrogen, methane, ethane and propane. This is further outlined and coded below:
BKDA Precooling step
Includes single/multi-component refrigeration for recovery of a portion of the light hydrocarbons (methane,
ethane, propane) for subsequent fractionation and use as refrigerant makeup.

BKDB Heavy hydrocarbon extraction and stabilization
Includes removal of the aromatic and heavy carbon fractions, which could freeze out on subsequent pressure
letdown to storage.
The bottom stream from the heavy hydrocarbon removal column is fractionated and stabilised to produce
refrigerant make-up, LPG and condensate. LPG is sent to storage.
BKDC Liquefaction/sub-cooling
Includes multi-component liquefaction for liquefaction and subcooling of the precooled, light hydrocarbon feed
gas, and may include pressure letdown prior to storage.
The LNG may then be directly sent to storage (depending on feedstock/product specification). Butane and
gasoline as by-product of the fractionation process may be stored or alternatively used as fuel.
BKDD Nitrogen removal
The liquefied feed gas may need nitrogen removal (reduction) depending on sales gas specification. After the
nitrogen removal the LNG – normally at ÷163°C – will be sent to storage.
BKDE Refrigerant make-up
In this process-step the refrigerant is taken from the heavy hydrocarbon extraction part (PBS BKDB), treated
and redelivered to the precooling step (PBS BKDA) and to liquefaction/subcooling (PBS BKDC).
BM Process – alcohol
BMA Methanol
Basics:
Methanol (methylalcohol) is the most important alcohol for industrial use. Methanol is a neuter, colourless and
toxic fluid with a characteristic smell. It is generally produced from synthesis gas.
Production levels:
The production of methanol is in principle following the below listed steps though there are different process
arrangements available to achieve the final product:
 receive synthesis gas/natural gas;

 remove sulphur;
 catalytic reforming;
 enrich with CO2 ;
 compression;
 methanol synthesis;
 distillation.
Product: Methanol
Applications:
Methanol‟s importance is found in the use of synthesis of formaldehyde, as a general dissolvent and as an
additive to fuels which gains higher octane numbers and cleaner exhausts against the disadvantages of
reduced heating value. Methanol is also of increasing importance to the production of fermented protein
production.
Process description

Objective: To produce methanol from light end hydrocarbon feedstocks (either primarily C1s or a C1 – C3
paraffinic blend) using steam reforming followed by low-pressure synthesis. The following different process
steps are distinguished as follows:
BMAA Receiving, desulphurisation and mercury removal
The feed gas received at the battery limits is passed through a knockout drum and a mercury removal vessel.
The hydrogen sulphide in the feed gas would poison the reforming and synthesis catalyst. Therefore the
process stream must be preheated (as required by the desulphuriser) in the convection section of the primary
reformer furnace and passed through the desulphuriser who contains zinc oxide catalyst. Sulphur is removed.
Should it be necessary that other impurities, which are toxic to catalyst, must be removed, such provisions
will be taken care of under this code.
BMAB Catalytic reforming and synthesis gas compression
A primary reformer is all that is needed to convert the desulphurised natural gas to synthesis gas.
Desulphurised gas is mixed with steam in the convection section of the furnace, then distributed to the
catalyst tube of the radiant section of the reformer. The synthesis gas then is cooled in a heat recovery train
consisting of high-pressure steam generation, high pressure boiler feed water preheat and deaerator feed
water preheat. Once the raw synthesis gas has been cooled, process condensate is separated and the gas is
compressed to the synthesis loops operating pressure by a make-up gas compressor.
BMAC Methanol synthesis
The compressed gas leaving the make-up compressor is blended with recycle gas coming from a
recirculation compressor. It will be preheated to the proper synthesis temperature in a process-to-process
interchanger. Process feed from the interchanger then goes directly to a multibed intercooled methanol
converter system.
The two principal reactions occurring in the reactors are
 methanol synthesis,
 reverse water-gas shift.
The converter effluent (such as ethanol, butanol and other traces of impurities) preheats incoming feed
before passing on to a cooler and catchpot where crude methanol is filtered through wax strainers to remove
small amounts of waxy paraffin and will then be separated from dissolved gases. These are recycled. The
crude methanol is fed directly to the purification section. Caustics may be injected in order to neutralise the
trace amounts of organic acids.
BMAD Product purification
The crude methanol product is passed on to a distillation train. In the first column all remaining dissolved
gases are removed as well as any light ends formed in the converter system. (Such may be acetone,
methylformate and non-condensable gases like hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxides and nitrogen).
The de-gassed methanol is then fed to a refining column where either A (95 % pure) or AA (>99.5 % pure)
grade methanol is withdrawn as a side stream very near the top of the column. Higher alcohols present are
withdrawn as a side stream further down the column and water formed in the synthesis reaction is removed
from as a bottom product. The pure methanol product is then routed after down cooling to storage.
BN Process – gas to liquids
BNA Receiving facilities/feed gas treatment
BNB Oxygen production
BNC Synthesis gas production
BND Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

BNE Separation/upgrading
BQ Process – bioprotein
BT Process – electrical power generation
BTA Receiving facilities
BTB Catalytic reforming
BTC Power plant
BTD NOx removal
BTE CO2 recovery plant
BTEA Pretreatment
BTEB Separation
BTDC Compression/drying
5 SAB – standard activity breakdown
Introduction to SAB code structure
SAB – standard activity breakdown
This hierarchical breakdown code structure provides a timescale attribute for use primarily when preparing
phased cost estimates, but also for estimate presentation and cost reporting.
This section of the SCCS manual provides SAB codes and code names.
The SAB code defines all resources necessary for the planning and execution of an oil and gas
project/facility. The resources have been grouped as follows:
 management
 engineering
 procurement
 construction
 operations
 unit work
 general
With introduction of the SAB code prefix and some new codes, this SAB edition opens up for use in all
phases of oil and gas facilities development, i.e. from field exploration to facilities removal.
SAB – phase prefix
E exploration
P planning
D development
O operation
S shutdown and decommissioning
R removal
Exploration phase is defined from point of time when block/area is assigned to company
Planning phase is defined from point of time when an oil or gas field is declared commercial

Development phase is defined from point of time for licensee's acceptance of development concept
Operation phase is defined from point of time for regular start-up of production
Shutdown and decommissioning phase is defined from point of time when operator submits schedule for
shutdown of wells
Removal phase is defined from point of time when operator confirms current concept for removal of field
installations

1 Management
Management contains both owners‟ personnel and Contracted personnel required to provide project and
construction management during the realisation phase of projects, i.e. from approval of development plans to
handover to production and operations organisations for production of resources.
11 Project management
Project management (home office) includes both company and contracted personnel, primarily senior level
managers and project support/service functions not directly engaged with management at dedicated
construction sites. This will include project control, engineering supervision and public relation activities.
12 Construction management
Construction management (site teams) includes company and contracted staff required to monitor, control,
and verify the construction of facilities.
Construction management typically involves the establishment of site teams after award of contracts, through
the period of prefabrication, fabrication, construction, installation/assembly, pre-commissioning to handover
to:
 other sites for incorporation/integration,

 commissioning and handover to production and operations personnel.
13 External services
Management services are costs for services rendered to company to carry out discrete work activities under
separate agreements with owner's management though related to the projected scope of work.
2 Engineering and procurement
21 Engineering
This activity represents the different phases of engineering design activities typical of development project
realisation.
211 Pre-engineering
This activity consists of preliminary design engineering activities after the approval of plans for development
and operation by statutory authorities and initiates the first phase of project realisation. Pre-engineering leads
through to a design basis and project execution plan sufficient for design engineering activities to commence.
Different strategies and terms may be adopted by different operating organisations such that pre-engineering
may be termed basic engineering, extended conceptual engineering or other.
212 Design engineering
This activity continues from the design basis developed during pre-engineering in accordance with the project
execution plan. The design engineering function is required to prepare all technical and functional definition
required and sufficient to enable tendering for defined work scope and subsequently construct parts or
complete facilities. (See definitions under COR – Engineering).
213 Fabrication engineering
This activity continues after design engineering during the fabrication/construction period and ends with the
final commissioning and start-up of facilities/plants. Activities include resolving changes during project
realisation, as-built documentation, prepare for start-up and handover to production and operations
organisations.
22 Procurement
This activity consists of purchasing and contracting, expediting and inspection for the supply of all process,
utility and support equipment, bulk material and services contracts as required.

23 Construction supervision
Construction supervision relates to personnel required to supervise, control, co-ordinate, monitor construction
and ensure conformity to design specifications and drawings for contracts including fabrication and
construction.
3 Material deliveries
31 Equipment
The procurement of all permanently installed process, utility and support equipment at or on facilities.
Equipment procurement is divided into:
 company provided equipment;

 «free issue» to contractors;
 contractor provided equipment;

 forming part of contractors‟ contract for supply.
311 Company provided equipment (see COR E)
Process, utility and support equipment procured by company for «free issue» to contractors for
installation/assembly/erection at/on or in facilities.
Such equipment includes;
 long-lead time equipment, purchased by company prior to award of construction/fabrication contracts,

 special equipment that may not be readily available or which may have to be specially developed,
 equipment «off-shelf» normally purchased by company for «free issue».
312 Contractor provided equipment
Process, utility and support equipment to be procured by contractor and forming a part of the contract with
company. May form a part of an EPC contract or a turnkey contract with company.
313 Surplus equipment
Process, utility and support equipment procured by company or contractor for installation/assembly/erection
at/on or in facilities and which for any reason has not been used during the construction and will not be used
for project spare purposes.
32 Bulk (see COR B)
Bulk material includes the purchase of all bulks required to fabricate/construct facilities. Includes both
permanently and temporary installed bulk materials. Also includes civil/buildings materials.
321 Company provided bulk
Bulk material specified, and purchased by company as «free issue» to fabricators/contractors/constructors.
Includes also civils/buildings materials.
322 Contractor provided bulk
Bulk material purchased by contractors/fabricators/constructors outwit «free issue» bulk material, forming
part of EPC, turnkey, fabrication and construction contracts with company. Contractor provided bulk might
also include bulk material ordered under frame/blanket agreements between company and
suppliers/vendors. Also includes civil/buildings materials.

323 Surplus bulk
Bulk material specified, and purchased by company or contractor, which for any reason has not been used
during the construction and will not be used for project spare purposes.
33 Spare parts
This code includes both capital spares and commissioning spares.
Capital spares are spare parts for equipment and machinery installed in the constructed facilities, typically
spares for the first years of operation.
Commissioning spares are spares used during testing and commissioning of the constructed facilities.
4 Construction
Construction activities may be carried out onshore, atshore, inshore or offshore.
Construction includes:
 mobilization/demobilization,
 prefabrication of components,
 fabrication/assembly/erection/hook-up of buildings/modules/units/preassemblies,
 civil work,
 modification to facilities,
 precommissioning/commissioning,
 start-up of facilities/plants,
 particular abandonment operations and removal of facilities,
 abandonment and removal.
41 Onshore construction
All construction activities carried out at an onshore location, site, workshop or yard in order to
construct/fabricate parts of or complete facilities/plants.
411 Mobilisation
Mobilisation/demobilisation is the establishment of an onshore site such that the site is ready to receive
personnel, materials and construction equipment in order to carry out civil works, construction and fabrication.
412 Civil work
Civil works are all activities related to the construction of
 roads,
 bridges,
 crossings,
 railway,
 earthworks,
 structural excavation,
 concrete structures,
 dams,
 ponds,
 basins
 sewage systems and reticulation,
 water supply treatment and reticulation.
Includes supervision, plant and equipment, labour, services, etc., to complete civil works ready for installation
of prefabricated units/modules and the installation/assembly/erection of plant/facilities.

413 Fabrication of major assemblies and modules
Onshore fabrication (construction) of major assemblies includes prefabrication of
 parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures,
 etc.,
at different locations and installation/assembly/erection (field erection) after delivery at

fabrication/construction sites.
Major assemblies are to be understood as assemblies with a weight in excess of the capacity of the platform
cranes for offshore platforms. Typically, assemblies which weigh more than 50 tonnes.
4131 Prefabrication
Onshore fabrication of
 parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures,
 etc.,
at different locations for later installation/assembly/erection (field erection) into complete assemblies/facilities.
4132 Installation/assembly/erection
Onshore integration of prefabricated
 parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures,
 etc.,
into parts of, or mechanically completed major assemblies/modules.
414 Other fabrication
Other fabrication includes onshore prefabrication of
 parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures,

 etc.,
at different locations and installation/assembly/erection (field erection) after delivery at

fabrication/construction sites.
4141 Prefabrication
Onshore prefabrication in this category includes prefabrication of
 parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures,
 etc.,
at different locations for later installation/assembly/erection (field erection).
Prefabrication hereunder also include onshore prefabrication for later integration

(installation/assembly/erection) offshore.
Onshore integration of prefabricated
 parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures,
 etc.,
into parts of, or mechanically completed assemblies. Integration and hook-up work is included hereunder.
415 Modification
Modification work includes conversion of existing facilities to perform other functions than those originally
intended, or to make place for installation and integration of new modules.
The modification activities include:
 stripping/dismantling of existing – structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk to make

place for refitting/replacement/new modules;
 refitting – installation of equipment and bulk conforming to revised design specifications and
requirements;
 revamp – expanding/debottlenecking/modifying/renewing existing structures/equipment/machinery and
associated installed bulk to increase performance and production throughput;
 relocate – relocation of existing structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk.
4151 Stripping/dismantling
Stripping/dismantling includes the permanent removal of existing – structures/equipment/machinery and

associated installed bulk – to provide space for installation of new modules or new/refurbished equipment
and bulk.

4152 Refitting
Refitting includes the installation of equipment and bulk conforming to the engineering design and
specifications for the refitted materials.
4153 Revamp
Revamp includes changes to existing structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk in order
to increase performance or throughput by either expanding, debottlenecking, modification or renewal of
systems within facilities/plants/platforms.
4154 Relocate
Includes relocation of existing structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk in order to

provide space for installation of new assemblies or equipment and bulk.
416 Vendor assistance
Includes all activities onshore associated with the provision of vendor assistance required and related to
procured equipment and material. These activities, vendor representatives, are often covered for under
agreements for technical services (ATS).
417 Commissioning
Commissioning includes
 commissioning,
 start-up.
Commissioning is carried out after plant/facility systems are mechanically completed. Each system is tested
under actual or simulated conditions for conformance to technical and functional requirements.
Commissioning is progressively completed according to system priorities.
Some systems are required to be completed prior to habitation:
 safety and personnel evacuation;

 emergency power;
 mechanical handling;
 parts of the utility systems.
Whereas hydrocarbon systems are commissioned at location with wellstream product.
4171 Commissioning
Commissioning includes system testing under actual or simulated conditions to conform to technical and
functional performance requirements.
Commissioning is carried out according to priorities for offshore platforms:

 mechanical handling.
Parts of the utility systems are commissioned prior to habitation.

Hydrocarbon systems are commissioned at offshore location.
For land based plants/facilities all systems are commissioned progressively.
4172 Start-up
Start-up for production and operations follows immediately after all systems are commissioned conforming to
performance requirements and are progressively handed over to the production and operations organisations
for commercial production.

418 Weighing, seafastening and load-out
This category shall comprise all activities such as labour, supervision and administration that can be
associated with the control of weight of components, modules or materials, equipment and or other built-ins.
Commissioning includes
 commissioning,
 start-up.

 parts of the utility systems.
Whereas hydrocarbon systems are commissioned at location with wellstream product.
This category shall comprise all activities such as labour, supervision and administration that can be
associated with the control of weight of components, modules or materials, equipment and or other built-ins.
42 Atshore construction
All construction activities carried out at an atshore location in water adjacent to a yard/site or quay linked with
personnel access bridges/gangways from land to topside facilities or substructures.
421 Mobilisation
Mobilisation/demobilisation is the establishment of an atshore site such that the site is ready to receive
personnel, materials, and construction equipment in order to carry out civil works construction, fabrication,
modifications and complete atshore hook-up and commissioning.
422 Civil work
Civil works are all activities related to the construction of
 roads,
 paving,
 bridges,
 crossings,
 earthworks,
 excavations,
 foundations,
 piling,
 dredging,
 concrete support structures,
 sewage systems and reticulation,
 water supply and reticulation.
Includes supervision, plant and equipment, labour, services etc. to complete civil works ready for atshore
construction.

423 Activities related to major assemblies
Atshore construction activities which relates to major assemblies. This category includes atshore installation,
hook-up and completion of modules/major assemblies.
4231 Prefabrication
Atshore prefabrication related to major assemblies.
Atshore integration of prefabricated elements into completed assemblies/modules
424 Other fabrication activities
Other fabrication hereunder is related to atshore fabrication of assemblies weighing less than 50 tonnes.
Assemblies that may be handled by the platform cranes.
4241 Prefabrication
Atshore prefabrication.
Atshore installation/assembly/erection of prefabricated elements. This category includes hook-up work.
425 Modification
Modification work includes atshore conversion of existing facilities to perform other functions than those
originally intended, or to make place for installation and integration of new modules.
The modification activities include:
 stripping/dismantling of existing – structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk to make

place for refitting/replacement/new modules;
 refitting – installation of equipment and bulk which is conforming to new design specifications and
requirements;
 revamp – expanding/debottlenecking/modifying/renewing existing structures/equipment/machinery and
associated installed bulk to increase performance and production throughput;
 relocate – relocation of existing structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk.
Stripping/dismantling includes the removal of existing – structures/equipment/machinery and associated

installed bulk – to provide space for installation of new modules or new/refurbished equipment and bulk.
4252 Refitting
4253 Revamp
to increase performance or throughput by either expanding, debottlenecking, modification or renewal of
systems within facilities/plants/platforms.

4254 Relocate

Includes all activities atshore associated with the provision of vendor assistance required and related to
Hydrocarbon systems are commissioned at offshore location.
427 Commissioning
Commissioning atshore includes system testing under actual or simulated conditions to conform to technical
and functional performance requirements.
Commissioning is carried out according to priorities for offshore platforms:

 mechanical handling.
Parts of the utility systems are commissioned prior to habitation. Hydrocarbon systems are commissioned at
offshore location.
43 Inshore construction
All construction activities carried out at an inshore location, including a sheltered deepwater location where
inshore mating and subsequent, inshore hook-up and commissioning take place.
431 Mobilisation
Mobilisation/demobilisation is the establishment of an inshore site such that the site is ready to receive
personnel, materials, construction equipment in order to carry out civil works construction, fabrication,
modifications and complete inshore hook-up and commissioning.
432 Civil work
Civil works are all activities related to the construction of or expansion of construction camps and facilities in
support of the inshore hook-up and commissioning activities.
Inshore construction activities which relates to major assemblies. This category includes inshore installation,
hook-up and completion of modules/major assemblies.
4331 Prefabrication
Inshore prefabrication related to major assemblies.
Inshore installation/assembly/erection of major assemblies/modules.
This category of inshore fabrication (construction), which is not related to major assemblies, includes

 prefabrication of parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies
 units,
 structural infill as required,
which form part of inshore hook-up materials, which are installed/erected/placed after mating of
substructures/hulls.
4341 Prefabrication
Fabrication of
 parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures as required.
For installation/integration at inshore location.
Integration of prefabricated
 hook-up parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures, etc.,
as applicable at the inshore location.
Inshore hook-up is included hereunder.
435 Modification
Inshore modification work includes conversion of existing facilities to perform other functions than those
The modification activities include;
stripping/dismantling of existing – structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk to make

place for refitting/replacement/new modules.
refitting – installation of equipment and bulk which is conforming to revised design specifications and
requirements.
revamp – expanding/debottlenecking/modifying/renewing existing structures/equipment/machinery and

associated installed bulk to increase performance and production throughput.
relocate – relocation of existing structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk


4352 Refitting
4353 Revamp
to increase performance or throughput by either expanding or modifying the existing systems of the facility.
4354 Relocate

Includes all activities inshore associated with the provision of vendor assistance required and related to
437 Commissioning

 parts of the utility systems,
whereas hydrocarbon systems are commissioned at location with wellstream product.
44 Offshore construction
All construction activities carried out at an offshore location after installation of the facilities.
Activities include mobilisation, civil works, fabrication, modifications and commissioning.
441 Mobilisation
Mobilisation/demobilisation is the establishment offshore such that the facility is ready to receive personnel,
materials, construction equipment in order to carry out civil works, construction, fabrication, modifications and
complete offshore hook-up and commissioning.
442 Civil work
All construction related to offshore loading terminals (artificial islands) connected to land by approach trestles
or separate strongpoint offshore loading wharfs/loading terminals. Activities include civil work construction;
bottom preparation, erosion protection, piling, headstocks, concrete caissons, precast concrete road beams.
It does not include mechanical installations.

Offshore construction activities which relates to major assemblies.
This category includes offshore installation, hook-up and completion of modules/major assemblies.
4431 Prefabrication
Offshore prefabrication related to major assemblies.
Offshore installation/assembly/erection of major assemblies/modules.
This category of offshore fabrication (construction), which is not related to major assemblies, includes
 prefabrication of parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structural infill as required,
which form part of offshore hook-up materials, which are installed/erected/placed after mating of
substructures/hulls or form part of offshore integration in case of a facility modification.
4441 Prefabrication
Offshore prefabrication
Integration of prefabricated
 hook-up parts,
 sections,
 spools,
 skids,
 preassemblies,
 units,
 structures, etc.
As applicable at the offshore location. Offshore integration and hook-up is included hereunder.
445 Modification
Offshore modification work includes conversion of existing facilities to perform other functions than those
The modification activities include;
stripping/dismantling of existing – structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk to make

place for refitting/replacement/new modules.

refitting – installation of equipment and bulk which is conforming to revised design specifications and
requirements.
revamp – expanding/debottlenecking/modifying/renewing existing structures/equipment/machinery and

associated installed bulk to increase performance and production throughput.
relocate – relocation of existing structures/equipment/machinery and associated installed bulk

4452 Refitting
4453 Revamp
to increase performance or throughput by either expanding or modifying the existing systems of the facility.
4454 Relocate

Includes all activities offshore associated with the provision of vendor assistance required and related to
447 Commissioning

 parts of the utility systems,
whereas hydrocarbon systems are commissioned at location with wellstream product.
4471 Commissioning
Commissioning includes system testing under actual conditions to conform to technical and functional
performance requirements and specifications.
4472 Start-up
Start-up for production and operations follows immediately after all systems are commissioned conforming to
performance requirements and are progressively handed over to the production and operations organisations
for the commercial production.

448 Non-working hours (lunch, standby, etc.)
This offshore category includes lunch, standby and other non-productive activities.
5 Operations
Operations are activities related to
 heavy lifting,
 heavy transport,
 pipelaying,
 surveying,
 field installation,
 cable laying,
 logistics,
 support,
 drilling,
 removal.
51 Land based operations
Land based operations include activities related to lifting, transport and other land based machine operations.
511 Lifting
Lifting operations carried out by specialised contractors, may include quayside offloading of
modules/units/assemblies delivered by vessels or may further include heavy lifts required at onshore site by
means of jacking towers, mobile cranes, etc.
512 Transport
Includes multi rubber tyred vehicles for heavy transport from receiving locations to site(s), and all other
intermediate transport activities on site from storage to place of erection.
513 Pipeline operations
This code includes operations/activities related to land based pipelines such as
 pipelaying,
 trenching and backfilling for pipelines,
 crossing of barriers,
 tie-in of pipelines,
 pipeline RFO.
514 Cable operations
This code includes operations/activities related to land based cable such as
 cable laying,
 trenching and backfilling for cables,
 crossing of barriers,
 tie-in of cables.
515 Other land based operations
Includes all other operations related to land based construction.
52 Offshore operations
Offshore operations are all activities required to transport, lift, move, install, lay, survey and support the
Installation of offshore facilities.

521 Survey
Vessels hired to perform surveying operations in support of field Installations activities include
 pre-lay survey,
 route survey,
 as-laid survey,
 ROV surveys,
 location surveys,
 soils testing,
 installation surveys.
522 Seabed preparation
Seabed preparation includes trenching, backfilling and dredging activities required preparing seabed for
Installation of offshore facilities, hereunder substructures, pipelines and subsea production systems.
5221 Trenching
Operation activities include the use of plows, water jets or mechanical trenchers and mother barges/vessels
to provide trenches for pipelines and flowlines.
5222 Dredging
Operation activities include the use of suction hopper dredgers or cutter suction dredgers to remove
overburden/soils in areas where the seabed is required to be profiled and discharge spoil at other locations.
5223 Back filling
Operation activities include the use of purpose built plows/equipment towed and controlled from surface
vessels for backfilling of excavated materials from trenching and after pipelaying operation.
5224 Rock dumping
Operation activities include the deployment of purpose built rock dumping vessels; bottom dumping vessels,
fallpipe vessels and bottom/side dump barges used for span correction, pipeline cover and scour protection.
523 Installation
Operation activities related to the installation of facilities and installations offshore. Installation of subsea
structures are covered by 527 Subsea structure operations.
5231 Lifting
Lifting operation activities include the use of semi submersible crane vessels, crane barges and assisting
vessels for the lifting and placement of
 jackets,
 structures,
 modules,
 units,
 subsea structures,
 etc.
5232 Piling
Piling operation activities include the use of hydraulic pile hammers/drivers and mother support vessels to
drive steel piles to specified depths to provide foundations for seabed founded structures.

5233 Grouting
Grouting operation activities include the use of purpose built vessels/equipment to grout and seal seabed
foundations. Vessels are self-contained with high-pressure injection pumps, concrete-batching plants and
storage holds for containment of cement and sand.
5234 Mating
An operation normally carried out at an inshore sheltered location where topside facilities are mated to
substructures. Operation is carried out by use of barges and tugs combined with ballasting/deballasting of
substructures.
All operations and activities associated with the installation of pipelines and flowlines.
5241 Pipelaying
Vessels used for pipelaying operations:
 laybarges/spreads;
 layvessels/spreads;
 reel layvessels.
The pipelaying operation is an activity where layvessels are used to
 receive and store linepipe/reeled pipe,

 assemble/align,
 weld joints,
 X-ray,
 protect/coat,
 install.
5242 Tie-in
Connection of pipelines/flowlines between exporting/receiving facilities. Tie-in may be a hyperbaric welded

joint, a mechanical flanged connection, a pull-in guided into a pull-in connection or pull-in through J-tubes at
facilities.
5243 Hydro testing
Pipelines/flowlines are filled with treated/inhibitor dosed water and pressurised to design pressures. Pressure
is maintained according to procedures.
Hydro testing is normally part of the laying-contract, and may also be performed after trenching and tie-in
operations.
5244 RFO
Pipeline RFO – ready for operation – covers precommissioning/commissioning of offshore pipelines and flowlines
(infield pipelines).
The work will normally include such as
 flooding,
 hydro testing,
 dewatering,
 cleaning and gauging,
 pigtracking,
 transportation, logistics and services.

For description of the work included, see description of RFO in the COR section of this document.
525 Umbilical and cable operations

Cable operations include the use of vessels to install subsea power cable, subsea power/control cable
between offshore installations or between land based national power grid and offshore installations.
Umbilical operations include the use of vessels to install subsea umbilical – electrical, hydraulic,
electrical/hydraulic.
Cables/umbilicals are constructed and coiled at land based manufacturing facilities and transported by or to
cable laying/umbilical laying vessels for installation.
Cable layers normally have a co

mbined water-jetting trencher and plow backfiller used in the same operation.
5251 Laying
Operation activities include the use of purpose built cable laying vessels, umbilical laying vessels or
combination lay vessels to lay cables/umbilicals between
 subsea systems and surface control systems,

 cables between platforms or from platform to land,
 umbilicals/cables between central platforms and unmanned wellhead platforms.
5252 Pull-in and connection
Opration activities include the use of purpose built pull-in tools operated from surface vessels for connection
to subsea systems, platform or onshore facilities.
5253 Testing
Testing (commissioning) of installed cables/umbilicals prior to production or supply, includes personnel,

equipment and services to carry out load testing, pressure testing, endurance testing, signal and functions
testing.
526 Transport
Transport includes all required tugs, barges, ships, vessels and heavy lift carriers to receive, load, transport
to sites and unload – modules/structures/units/assemblies as required.
5261 Towing
Towing includes the rental of tugs and if required barges for transport of modules/structures/units/assemblies
from fabrication/construction facilities/yards, sites to either other facilities onshore/atshore/inshore or to
offshore locations.
5262 Heavy Lift Transport
Heavy lift transport includes the use of heavy lift carriers, purpose built carriers or converted VLCCs, which
have the capability to carry/transport very large structures – often over large distances.
527 Subsea structure operations
5271 Testing
Operations‟ activities include the deployment of labour, plant, equipment facilities, services for submerged
testing of subsea systems in both shallow water and/or deep water. Testing includes load, pressure,
endurance, signal, component and system functional testing of permanent facilities and remotely operated
tooling systems.

5272 Installation
Operation activities related to the installation of subsea structures. Installation activities include the use of
semi submersible crane vessels, crane barges and assisting vessels for installation and foundation to
seabed.
5273 Commissioning
Commissioning is carried out after subsea structures are installed and connected. Each system is tested
under actual conditions for conformance to technical and functional requirements. Commissioning is
progressively completed according to system priorities. Commissioning is carried out after subsea structures
are installed and connected and have been RFO completed. Each system is tested under actual conditions
for conformance to technical and functional requirements. Commissioning is progressively completed
according to system priorities:
 flooding;
 hydrotesting;
 dewatering;
 cleaning and gauging;
 pigtracking;
 fransportation, logistics and services.
528 Particular abandonment operations
Operation activities related to the removal of facilities and installations offshore.
5281 Cutting of structures
Operation activities related to cutting of offshore steel structures.
5282 Toppling
Operation activities related to full or partial toppling of offshore structures.
52821 Full toppling
52822 Partial toppling
5283 Removal/lifting
Removal/lifting operation activities include the use of semi submersible crane vessels, crane barges and
assisting vessels for the removal/lifting of offshore facilities, such as
 jackets,
 structures,
 modules,
 units,
 subsea structures,
 etc.
5284 Transport and dumping
Transport of removed facilities including dumping.
53 Logistics
Logistics includes
 supply base/terminal,
 supply and distribution,
 personnel transport,
 accommodation facilities.

531 Supply base/terminal
Bases comprising storage yards, warehouses, offices and plant and equipment to receive and store and
expedite materials, equipment, goods, parts, linepipe for later distribution as required to offshore operations,
yards, sites, facilities as applicable.
532 Supply and distribution
Supply vessels, pipe carriers, transporters, trucks, trailers, loaders, etc., required to supply ongoing
onshore/offshore operations.
533 Personnel transport
Helicopters, fixed wing aircraft, ferries, vessels, busses and vehicles required to provide personnel transport
from onshore airports to offshore locations or from personnel terminals to landbased project sites.
534 Flotel/LQ/camps
The provision of temporary accommodation for construction workers and staff, hereunder; contractors,
company and visitor accommodation.
Flotels
Semi submersible units or other floating accommodation systems which provides cabins, catering and
amenities.
LQ
Provision of cabins, catering and amenities from permanent offshore installed facilities, i.e. the projects own
LQ or at neighbouring installations.
Camps
Construction camps provides rooms, catering and amenities at onshore site(s).
54 Drilling and completion
Drilling of development wells, operation carried out by specialised contractors. Drilling is divided into onshore
drilling operations and offshore drilling operations.
541 Onshore drilling and completion
The drilling of onshore development wells includes production wells and injection wells as well as reinjection
wells, water source wells and disposal wells.
5411 Fixed rig drilling
Onshore wells drilled and completed from a wellsite/wellpad location where from a number of wells are drilled
deviated from the wellheads to downhole reservoir target location.
5412 Mobile rig drilling
Onshore wells drilled and completed using mobile/self contained drilling rigs may be used
 where well patterns are dispersed over large areas,

 where exploration/appraisal wells are drilled.
542 Offshore drilling and completion
Offshore drilling operations include drilling and completion of development wells. Wells are grouped into
predrilled wells, subsea drilled and completed wells and platform drilled and completed wells.

5421 Predrilling
Predrilled wells are wells drilled by a mobile drilling rig such as
 semi submersible drilling rigs,

 jack-up drilling rigs,
 drilling ships,
 drilling barges.
Wells are drilled only through a well spacer/drilling template or satellite structure for consecutive completion
or for drilling/completion of wells prior to production start.
5422 Subsea drilling
Subsea wells are drilled and completed with mobile drilling rigs.
5423 Platform drilling
Platform wells are production and injection wells drilled from a drilling rig installed on a fixed platform. The rig
is also used for well completions of platform drilled wells and predrilled wells.
6 Unit work
Unit work within the standard activity breakdown structure relate to those costs/groups of cost elements
incurred and entered under code of resource – unit work. (Refer code of resource «S» unit work).
7 General
General activities within the standard activity breakdown structure relate to those costs/groups of cost
elements incurred and entered under code of resource A: “General costs”, except COR AEB ”Commissioning
spares”, AEC: “Freight” and AED: “Custom charges, fees and duties” which are SAB-coded as “Procurement”
and COR AK: “Vendor representatives” which is SAB-coded as “Construction”.
6 COR – Code of resources
Introduction to COR Code Structure
COR – Code of Resource
This hierarchical breakdown code structure classifies all project resources and generically categorises
resources according to primary, secondary and tertiary levels of resource.
This section of the SCCS manual provides COR codes and code names.
The COR structure, also termed code of account (COA), is intended to provide codes to classify the complete
scale of resources involved in developing both offshore and landbased Installations. The structure is
compiled primarily for oil and gas facilities/projects with associated infrastructure and generally conforms to
standard industry terms and structure.
The code of resource structure has an equal integrity to that of the standard activity breakdown (SAB)
structure and to that of the physical breakdown structure (PBS) in the SCCS context, though in use is
handled subordinately in estimate preparation and data collation.
The COR codes identifies the individual records/items/lines/components/elements of estimates which when
summarised comprise physical functional areas (PBS) and which occur during the different development
phases (SAB).

A General costs
General costs are normally costs incurred to «company» required to manage, administer, plan, support,
insure, acquire and to conform to statutory requirements. However, some of the general costs codes are
relevant both for “company” and contractors, as marked particularly in the following.
General costs are capital costs which may be partly or wholly assignable to each project or group of projects,
though which are of such a particular nature that they are not assignable to other primary codes within the
code of resource (COR).
AA Statutory costs, licences and permits
This code includes costs of the following categories:
 authorization and certification fees;

 environmental charges and fees;
 special studies;
 patented process licenses;
 licenses and permits.
As defined under the tertiary level codes:
AAA Authorization and certification fees
Authorization and certification fees relate to charges and fees required to be paid in order to obtain an
authorization/certification to proceed or develop.
AAB Environmental charges and fees
Charges and fees paid conforming to statutory requirements related to the environment – pollution/emission,
erosion, fisheries, watercourses, wild life, animal husbandry and other.
AAC Special studies
Special studies in this context are studies required by statutory bodies in order to obtain consent to develop or
exploit. Such studies may be: environmental impact assessments for complete developments or parts thereof
or studies required as part of licence/contract agreement obligations e.g. warranty surveyor studies and
services.
AAD Patented process licences
Costs, charges, royalties and fees relating to the use of patented process licences.
AAE Licences and permits
Licences and permits charges and fees are many and varied. Such costs are incurred in order to allow a
development to proceed.
AB Financing and related costs
Financing and related costs include
 financial cost,
 depreciation,
 currency impact.
ABA Financial costs
Financial costs are costs related to financing a development project. Costs include interest, guarantee fees,
establishment charges and other directly related to financing.

ABB Depreciation
Depreciation costs are costs, which have devaluated buildings, plant, equipment and machinery from the
initial value, though which through the direct requirement of such to construct and develop a project/facility
naturally fall in value when disposed of.
ABC Currency impact
Currency impact occurs when project/facility components are purchased in foreign currencies at different time
periods, because of the natural fluctuation in currencies. Fixed project estimates currencies are normally
adopted against which the value and volume of each currency is monitored and reported against rise and fall.
In the project close-out report, the currency impact is implemented in the final cost figures.
AC Insurance
Include all insurances not directly covered by contractors under contractual obligations.
Such insurances may cover
 contractor all-risk insurance,

 special transport insurances,
 general insurance against fire, accident, loss of life etc.,
 insurances against non-fulfillment of obligations,
 etc.
AD Purchases and rentals
 land acquisition;
 buildings and facilities;
 data purchases.
ADA Land acquisition
Land acquisition includes costs for purchase of right-of-way, access corridors, general land/plot acquisitions
and the otherwise incurred costs – leasing, hire and/or other.
ADB Buildings and facilities
Buildings and facilities within general costs relate to offices, storage facilities, rental of plant, etc., which are
required partly or are shared for an individual project. Costs for such may be backcharged to the project
budget.
Buildings and facilities may be rented or purchased but do not directly form part of a development project,
e.g. hired regional offices, temporary laboratories, etc.
NOTE – Onshore support base for offshore works, also termed supply base, see COR XV.
ADC Data purchases
Data purchases relate to the acquisition of data from organisations outside of each project and which is
required to develop a project.
Such purchases may be
 seismic data,
 geophysical data,
 weather data,

 satellite photographs,
 other types of data.
AE Material related costs
Material related costs include
 capital spares,
 commissioning spares,
 freight,
 custom charges, fees and duties.
As defined under the tertiary level codes following. The costs hereunder may be incurred by “company” or
contractors, and the COR-codes under AE are deemed to be linked to relevant SAB 3-codes (in addition to
PBS-code) for full SCCS-coding of an estimate element.
AEA Capital spares
Capital spares are spare parts for equipment and machinery installed in the constructed facilities, typically
spares for the first years of operation.
Spare parts being procured under production and operations budgets are excluded.
AEB Commissioning spares
Commissioning spares are spares used during testing and commissioning of the constructed facilities.
AEC Freight
Freight/freight forwarding as a general cost is intended to cover the costs of transport for materials and
equipment from the location of purchase delivered to site/sites.
AED Customs charges, fees and duties
Statutory charges, fees and duties for importing/exporting goods, from different locations.
AF Personnel related costs
Personnel related costs include
 health, medical and social care,

 security,
 training and courses.
AFA Health, medical and social care
Costs related to health care and medical expenses may cover for
 provision of hospitals/health care centers at remote locations,

 provision of transport for health care and medical or costs to be paid under statutory requirements,
 agreements to use local health care and medical services.
AFB Security
Costs for security relate to both at site security and general security of properties, buildings, plant and
equipment (combined).

AFC Training and courses
Training and courses which company is obligated to pay for. These may be related to licence/contract
agreement obligations or statutory required courses such as offshore safety courses, health and medical
courses, prequalification, etc.
AG Taxes
Taxes includes value added taxes and investment taxes as defined under the tertiary level codes:
AGA Value added taxes
Value added taxes or sales taxes are taxes, which are added to the value of goods and services over the
initial selling price. VAT is normally a flat percentage rate. These taxes vary in value from country and states
within countries.
AGB Investment taxes
Taxes related to investments.
AH Product related cost
 sales and marketing;

 production fees, royalties and costs;
 tariffs and transport charges;
 contributions.
AHA Sales and marketing
Costs for sales and marketing of products. May be in conjunction with early/test/pilot production and may be a
shared regional cost backcharged to individual projects.
AHB Production fees, royalties and costs
Production fees, royalties and associated costs are costs paid to statutory bodies and/or other operators in
connection with production. Production may be early test production or pilot plant production, prior to full
development of projects.
AHC Tariffs and transport charges
Costs for tariffs and transport are related to charges for early test and/or pilot production where products are
transported, treated and/or processed by third party facilities.
AHD Contributions
Contributions and donations are costs which may entail e.g. constructing/developing local infrastructure for
local authorities in order to obtain access to sites, payment or contributions to local authorities for public
welfare and other related types of costs: i.e. efforts to promote products in the long run.
AJ Research and development
Research and development costs for work carried out by company or third parties not directly related to the
construction/development of a project though which may be incurred or backcharged to the project. May also
form part of licence/contract agreement obligations.

AK Vendor rep. costs (ATS)
Includes all costs associated with the provision of vendor assistance required and related to procured
equipment and material during the construction and commissioning/start-up period. The costs for vendor
representatives are often covered for under agreements for technical services (ATS).
The costs hereunder may be incurred by “company” or contractors and are deemed to be linked to relevant
SAB 4-codes (in addition to PBS-codes) for full SCCS-coding of an estimate element.
AV Contingency
The cost addition – based on Monte Carlo simulations in a cost risk analysis or on judgement and
experience – to the base estimate for reaching a 50/50 or expected estimate. Contingency does not cover for
project/conceptual changes.
AW Project reserve
The addition to a 50/50 or expected estimate required by company management, to reduce the total RISC.
The requirements (and content) may vary with company/project. Normally a project reserve will include (fully
or partially) for project/conceptual changes.
AZ Other general costs
Includes general costs, which do not fall within other COR «A» codes.
B Bulk materials
Bulk materials are normally bought in lots. These items may be purchased from a standard catalogue
description and are bought in quantity for distribution as required. Examples are pipe (nonspooled), conduit,
fittings and wire.
Bulk materials are reconciled with equipment to reflect current company practice with regard to definition of
bulk materials and equipment. This also to avoid doubles coding. As practice has varied earlier, a reference
is given to COR E equipment.
Bulk materials as defined herein, are also seen in connection with weight control requirements to obtain
consistence; of vital importance for cost estimating and control. It applies for engineering and closely also for
direct labour.
Thus the second code letter in bulk (COR B) corresponds with the second letter code under engineering and
direct labour disciplines; e.g.: piping bulk (COR BL), piping engineering (COR KL) and piping direct labour
(COR LL).
For materials included for in all inclusive unit rates covering two or more resources, see COR S unit work.
BC Architectural and building bulk
Architectural and building bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
vendor/manufacturer/supplier/factory specifications.
Listed below are tertiary level codes, which categorise bulk materials into commodity groups with item content
indicated:
BCA Walls
Included are such as
 prefabricated blast walls,

 prefabricated fire walls,
 non rated walls,
 acoustic wall elements,
 louvres and wind shields,

 explosion relief panels,

 heat shield cladding.
BCB Floors
 floor screed,
 raised access floor,
 acoustic elements for floors,
 floor finishes.
BCC Ceilings
 ceiling panels,
 total access ceiling,
 strip ceiling and special ceiling.
BCD Doors and windows
Included are doors, windows, skylights and similar. Items include framing. Actuated doors and actuated
hatches are deemed to be COR coded under EAAD.
BCE Furniture and accessories including arts
Furniture/accessories/outfitting like e.g. cupboards, shelves, workbenches, tables, chairs, china, cutlery and
other particular room outfitting in various rooms and compartments, such as
 kitchen outfitting,
 laundry outfitting,
 stores outfitting,
 laboratory outfitting,
 workshops outfitting,
 gymnasium outfitting,
 health center outfitting,
 furniture in cabins, offices, etc.,
 sport and recreation items.
Kitchen machinery, etc. and workshop machines are deemed to be COR coded as equipment, see under
COR EAA and ERMH respectively.
BCF Signs
 identification signs and company logo,

 directional/orientation signs,
 safety and information signs.
BCG Insulation
Included is architectural insulation such as
 acoustic insulation (other than acoustic elements),

 fire insulation (not fireproofing),
 thermal insulation,
 water and damp proofing materials.

Insulation materials related to other disciplines are covered under the respective bulk discipline; e.g. piping
insulation materials are COR coded under BLD. For fire proofing materials, see COR BSA.
BCH Prefabricated modules
Included are outfitted, prefabricated room modules for such as bathrooms, cabins and similar.
BCM Particular onshore building materials
This code covers bulk materials normally only relevant for onshore buildings, such as
 concrete, cement, sand and aggregates,

 reinforced bars and rods,
 precast concrete building units,
 masonry,
 structural components for buildings in wood,
 external roofing incl. gutters and external siding,
 internal wood work and metal,
 stairways, handrails and sheet metal for onshore buildings.
For other architectural bulk used in/for onshore buildings, the other COR BC codes apply as relevant, e.g. for
windows and doors in onshore buildings; COR BCD applies. Other bulk disciplines may also be relevant for
onshore buildings; e.g. for sanitary piping bulk COR BHE applies. For steel structures, see COR BN.
For bulk materials for general civil works construction, see COR BQ (for civil construction other than onshore
buildings).
BCZ Other architectural and building bulk
Includes bulk of COR BC type which do not fall within other BC codes.
BD Drilling bulk
Drilling bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
vendor/manufacturer/supplier specifications used for drilling and completion of wells.
Listed below are tertiary level codes, which categorise drilling bulk materials into commodity groups, with item
content indicated.
For drilling equipment, see COR EDB.
BDA Conductors and casings
BDB Drilling fluids and consumables
 mud – bentonite, barite,etc.,

 chemicals,
 cement and gravel,
 drillbits,
 fuel.
BDC Tubing
BDD Downhole completion devices and accessories
 tubing anchors,
 downhole valves,

 packers and nipples,

 sensors,
 connectors,
 expansion joints,
 downhole separators and pumps.
BDZ Other drilling bulk
Includes bulk of COR BD type, which does not fall within other BD codes.
BE Electrical bulk
Electrical bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
vendor/manufacturer/supplier specifications.
Listed below are tertiary level codes, which categorise electrical bulk materials into commodity groups with
item content indicated.
For electrical equipment, see COR EEE.
BEA Cables and cable accessories
 cables (for power, light and heath tracing),

 cable straps, glands and cleats,
 cable markings,
 termination items.
For instrument cable materials, see COR BJC. For telecom cable materials, see COR BTC. Sea cables (e.g.
for subsea booster station power supply) and other special cables (e.g. for overland power transmission) are
deemed to be COR coded as equipment; COR EYEB.
BEB Cable supports and transits
 cable ladders and trays,

 cable ladder/tray supports,
 transits.
Code BEB is deemed to cover for both electrical and instrument items.
BEC Lighting
 floodlights,
 lighting fixtures,
 lighting channels,
 floodlight and lighting fixture supports.
BED Junction Boxes
 electrical junction boxes,

 junction box supports/racks/stands.
For junction boxes for instrumentation, see COR BJD. For junction boxes for telecom, see COR BTD.

BEE Accessories
 starters,
 switches and push buttons,
 socket outlets,
 plugs,
 isolation transformers,
 electrical panel heaters for room heating.
BEZ Other electrical bulk

Includes bulk of COR BE type which do not fall within other BE codes.
BH HVAC bulk
HVAC bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
Listed below are tertiary level codes, which categorize HVAC bulk materials into commodity groups, with item
content indicated.
For HVAC equipment, see COR EGG.
BHA Ducting
 ducts,
 plenum chambers,
 fittings, flanges and attachments,
 duct hatches,
 penetrations.
BHB Inline items and dampers
 dampers,
 sound attenuators,
 diffusors and hoods,
 supply and extract devices, traps,
 grilles, wire mesh and filters,
 measuring/sampling points.
BHC Duct supports, hangers
Included are such as: duct supports, frames and hangers.
BHD Insulation
Included is insulation for HVAC items.
BHE Sanitary piping and components (plumbing)
 sanitary piping incl. fittings and valves/cranes/taps (for e.g. sewage, potable water and drain),
 sanitary components like WC, urinals, sinks, tubs, drinking fountains, etc.
For other piping bulk, see under COR BL.

BHZ Other HVAC bulk
Includes bulk of COR BH type, which does not fall within other BH codes.
BJ Instrument bulk
Instrument bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
Listed below are tertiary level codes, which categorise the bulk materials into commodity groups with item
content indicated.
Insulation materials for instrumentation are deemed to be covered for under COR BLD. For instrument and
telecom equipment, see COR EJJ and ETR respectively.
BJA Instruments
 instruments for measuring/monitoring: level, pressure, temperature, flow, density, moisture, vibrations,
noise, etc.,
 analyzers and controllers,
 detectors, indicators and transmitters.
BJB Instrument valves
 choke valves,
 control valves,
 actuated block valves,
 safety pressure valves,
 pressure reduction valves,
 pressure erupture valves.
Actuators are included where relevant. For manually operated piping valves, see COR BLB. For pipeline
valves, see COR BYD.
BJC Cables and cable accessories
 cables for instrument,

 cable straps and glands,
 zener barriers, isolators and connectors,
 cable markings,
For electrical cables (for power, light and heat tracing), see COR BEA. Instrument cable trays, ladders and
transits are deemed to be COR coded under BEB. For special signal transmission cables (sea, land), see
COR EYEB.
BJD Junction boxes
Included are instrument junction boxes with supports/racks/stands/etc.
BJE Tubing
Instrument tubing including

 hydraulic and pneumatic tubes with fittings and valves,

 supply manifolds.
For air distribution header, see COR EJJA. Tubing insulation is deemed to be COR coded under BLD.
BJG Accessories
Instrument. accessories, including such as
 instrument enclosures,
 air filter/regulators,
 push buttons (for ESD, deluge, etc.).
Insulation materials for instrument are deemed to be covered for under COR BLD.
BJZ Other instrument bulk
Includes bulk of COR BJ type, which does not fall within other BJ codes.
BL Piping bulk
Piping Bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
Listed below are tertiary level codes, which categorize piping bulk materials into commodity groups, with item
content indicated.
Sanitary piping materials (plumbing) are deemed to be COR coded under BHE.
BLA Pipework
 pipes with fittings and flanges,

 bolts, nuts and gaskets,
 mechanical joints/connectors/couplings,
 manifolds,
 filters and strainers,
 hoses and hose reels (for washdown purposes),
 expansion bellows,
 valve interlocks and spectacle blinds,
 spades.
For instrument tubing materials, see COR BJE. Line pipe for pipelines is to be COR coded under BY. For
hoses and hose reels for firefighting, see COR BSB.
BLB Manually operated valves
Included are valves of types: ball/globe/gate/butterfly/needle and plug valves, and other manually operated
valves.
For actuated valves and particular instrument valves, see COR BJB. For pipeline valves, see COR BYD.
BLC Supports
Included are fixed/sliding and spring supports with clamps, shoes, stops, etc. – all for piping.
Piperack materials are deemed to be COR coded under BN.

BLD Insulation
Piping insulation such as
 thermal insulation,
 acoustic insulation,
 fire insulation,
 personnel protection.
The code is deemed to also cover for insulation related to instrument and telecom.
Fire proofing materials are to be COR coded under BSA.
BLZ Other piping bulk
Includes bulk of COR BL type, which does not fall within other BL codes.
BM Surface protection bulk
Surface protection bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
vendor/manufacturer/supplier/factory specifications.
content indicated:
BMA Paint
Includes also anti-slip paint/coating.
BMB Coating
Included is corrosion/protection coating such as
 metallic coating (galvanizing, electroplating, sprayed hot metal),

 non-metallic coating, e.g.: lining, rubber, wax, plastics, neoprene, enamel, concrete (not fireproofing), etc.
For fireproofing materials, see COR BSA.
BMC Anodes
All types of anodes.
For electrical cathodic protection, see COR EEEU.
BMZ Other surface protection bulk
Includes bulk of COR BM type, which does not fall within other BM codes.
BN Structural bulk
Structural bulk includes all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
mill/vendor/manufacturer/supplier specifications.
For materials for concrete structures, see COR BCM and BQ.
Listed below are tertiary level codes which categorize structural bulk materials primarily of steel, alloyed steel
and aluminium into commodity groups, with item content indicated (function oriented):
BNA Primary, secondary and outfitting structures
Included are such primary and secondary structures as

 trusses and bulk heads,

 tubulars and pile materials,
 deck and deck plates with stringers and girders,
 mezzanine decks and in-deck tanks,
 external walkways/platforms/lay-down areas,
 riser balcony,
 nodes,
 flare supports,
 support beams below decks,
 major supports e.g. for pedestal cranes, mooring winches and similar,
 gantry crane support rails,
 drilling piperacks,
 permanent buoyancy tanks,
 skid beams,
 module footings and lifting padeyes.
Included are such outfitting structures as
 ladders, gangways and handrails,

 stairs and stair tower,
 access platforms/structures,
 wall supports and equipment supports above deck,
 exhaust duct support structure,
 piperacks (other than for drilling),
 runway beams,
 dropped object protection,
 infill structures,
 caissons.
For pipe supports, see COR BLC. For cable supports, see COR BEB.
BNC Temporary installation aids
 rigging platforms,
 bumpers and guides,
 pins and buckets,
 slings and shackles (when purchased),*
 spreader bars and lifting frames (when purchased).*
Items marked * may be included in lifting contractors scope and thus included for in e.g. his day rates.
BND Grillage/seafastening/load out
Includes materials for barge grillage, seafastening (external and internal) and load out (e.g. skidways).
Observe that for items under COR BNC and BND, the weight thereof should not be included in the dry weight
for the permanent work, and that the weight and cost should be estimated and reported separately.
BNZ Other structural bulk
Includes bulk of COR BN type, which does not fall within other BN codes.
BQ Civil works bulk
Civil works bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard quarry/batch
plant/vendor/manufacturer/supplier specifications. The code BQ is relevant for GBS (and some other)
substructures and for onshore civil works other than onshore buildings.

For materials for onshore buildings, see COR BC and particularly BCM. For steel structures, see COR BL.
Listed below are tertiary level codes, which categorise civil bulk materials into commodity groups with item
content indicated:
BQA Concrete, cement, sand and aggregates
BQB Reinforcement bars/rods and pre-stressing cables
BQC Precast concrete elements
 reinforced elements and culverts,

 concrete manholes, head walls and catch basins,
 concrete curbs and gutters.
BQD Masonry
BQE Piles
BQF Timber/wood products
BQG Pipes and fittings (soil, drain, etc.)
BQH Ground materials
 base materials and ground insulation,

 geotextiles,
 earth retention (mattresses and gabions),
 scour and erosion protection,
 asphalt,
 humus, plants and trees.
BQJ Fencing materials, guard rails, steel manholes and sign posts
BQK Forms
BQL Embedment items
BQM Solid ballast
Includes all types of solid ballast.
BQZ Other civil works bulk
Includes bulk of COR BQ type, which does not fall within other BQ codes.
BS Safety bulk
Safety bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
content indicated:

BSA Passive fire protection
The code includes passive fire protection (fire proofing), normally spray on types (e.g. Chartec, Mandolite,
etc.) with or without mesh, fixture pins, etc.
BSB Safety appliances
 active firefighting devices, e.g.: portable fire extinguishers, fire hoses and reels, hydrants,
sprinkler/deluge fitting, fire blankets, etc.,
 evacuation and rescue devices, e.g.: life buoys, survival suits, personnel baskets, gas masks, wire
ladders, stretchers, torches, etc.,
 first aid devices, e.g.: first aid cabinets/kits, safety shower, eyebath, breathing apparatus, etc.
In order to clarify – due to previous varying practice – a reference is also given to COR ESS Safety/escape
and firefighting equipment.
BT Telecommunication bulk
Telecommunication bulk materials include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to standard
content indicated.
For telecommunication equipment, see COR ETR.
BTA Telecommunication appliances
Included are telecommunication and signal components with fixtures, such as
 loudspeakers and acoustic hoods,

 telephones,
 portable UHF, VHF radios,
 flashing lights,
 navigation devices (signal lights, orientation lights, transponders, foghorns, etc.).
BTC Cable and cable accessories


 Included are such as
 cables for telecommunication,

 cable straps and glands,
 zener barriers, isolators and connectors,
 cable markings,
For electrical cables (for power, light and heat tracing), see COR BEA. Telecommunication cable trays,
ladders and transits are deemed to be COR coded under BEB. For special signal transmission cables (sea,
land), see COR EYEC.
BTD Junction boxes
Included are telecommunication junction boxes with supports/racks/stands/etc.
BTZ Other telecommunication bulk
Includes bulk of COR BT type, which does not fall within other BT codes.

BY Pipeline bulk
Pipeline bulk materials hereunder include all materials normally bought in lots conforming to
mill/vendor/supplier/manufacturer specifications.
Riser materials are deemed to be COR coded under EYB.
Listed below are tertiary level codes, which categorise the materials for pipelines and flowlines (offshore and
onshore) into commodity groups, with item content indicated.
BYA Rigid line pipe
Includes also bends, buckle arrestors, carrier and sleeve pipe, etc.
BYB Flexible line pipe
BYC Pipeline accessories
 fittings and flanges,

 straps (e.g. for bundles),
 bellows and specials.
BYD Valves
Include pipeline valves.
For other valves, see e.g. COR codes BJ and BL.
BYZ Other pipeline bulk
Includes bulk of COR BY type, which does not fall within other BY codes.
BZ Consumables and first fill
Consumables and first fill, subcoded BZA and BZB respectively as tertiary level codes, include materials
normally bought in lots conforming to standard vendor/manufacturer/supplier specifications.
The materials to be included in BZA or BZB (depending of purpose) may be such as
 diesel, oil, petrol, kerosene, LPG,

 gas for diving, driving, protecting and welding, etc.,
 lubricants and grease,
 other oils: hydraulic liquids, etc.,
 methanol and glycol,
 chemicals and catalysts,
 inhibitors, flocculants, desiccants, etc.,
 drilling bulks (only to/for BZB),
 misc. deliveries/supplies: steam, water, etc.,
 office supplies: stationaries, etc.,
 protective clothing,
 welding consumables, etc.,
 civil plant bulk: tyres, filters, rippers, etc.,
 other.
Listed below are tertiary level codes with an outline of the code application:

BZA Consumables
Consumables defined herein include all consumables/materials/chemicals/gases/utility supply/parts, etc.,

required during the construction period (e.g. in the HUC – phase) to support and maintain plant, equipment
and machinery prior to first fill.
Consumables covered for in the rates, in COR BDB and in COR X are excluded.
BZB First fill
First fill materials (e.g. for system fluid fill up) are defined herein as materials/chemicals etc. which are
required and specified to be delivered as handover to the production and operation organisation.
C Construction overheads
Construction overheads are incurred costs to contractors, fabrication yards, and workshops, etc., associated
with labour resources, services and commodities in support of the construction work, which cannot be
classified under other codes within the code of resources (COR).
Contractor's direct labour «L» and indirect labour «M» are aptly contained within the COR. There are however
a number of costs which are not directly assignable elsewhere.
Contractor‟s site engineering (fabrication engineering) and procurement services are deemed to be coded
under COR K.
CA Contractor's organisation
CAA Construction management
The code includes cost for contractor's management personnel and services, hereunder
 construction management,
 project control,
 contracts,
 quality assurance,
 HES management,
 etc.
CAB General site administration
Contractor's base/home office costs covering services to perform general administration hereunder
 personnel,
 payroll/accounting,
 secretarial services,
 insurances,
 permits,
 security,
 etc.
CAC Office expenses
Includes various office expenses contractor incurs during the contract period such as
 reproduction,
 telephone, telex, telefax and other communication services,
 office supplies and stationery,
 computer services,
 etc.

CAD Personnel expenses
Include various expenses (related to travel and relocation) contractor incurs during the contract period such
as
 travel and allowances,

 relocation expenses and living allowances,
 vehicle rental and expenses,
 tax differential.
CAE Miscellaneous expenses
Miscellaneous personnel related expenses such as
 representation,
 meeting expenses,
 training and courses,
 teambuilding.
CB Site facilities
Site facilities include cost/proportionate costs for all investments/purchased/leased/hired/rented facilities

related to the use of the site area.
Site facilities include
 construction facilities,
 material storage facilities,
 special commissioning plant/equipment,
 facility construction/expansion,
 accommodation and construction camp.
As outlined under the tertiary level codes:
CBA Construction facilities
Construction facilities include such as
 buildings/workshops/construction plant and offices (equipped),

 harbor facilities,
 docks and quays,
 barges for construction purposes,
 site tools and equipment:
 cranes;
 trucks;
 forklifts;
 welding machines;
 etc.
CBB Material storage facilities
Includes facilities for storage of materials, such as
 storage buildings/halls – hot or cold,

 outdoor storage areas,
 areas for storage of contract objects.
CBC Special commissioning plant/equipment
Specialist plant and equipment for commissioning, testing and completion – relevant in the at/on/in and
particularly the offshore phase – including such as

 hydrojetting equipment,
 pickling equipment,
 hot oil flushing equipment,
 specialist cleaning services,
 nitrogen/helium leak testing equipment,
 equipment for internal inspection of piping and similar,
 specialist containers,
 etc.
CBD Facility construction/expansion
Includes all investments or proportionate investments required to construct/expand existing site/yard/facilities

in order to prepare for construction.
CBE Accommodation and construction camp
Accommodation and construction camp includes cost/proportionate costs for all

investments/purchased/leased/hired/rented facilities to provide temporary lodging for construction workers
(camp under contractors responsibility).
For camp under company's responsibility, see COR SD.
CC Service to company
Service to company is expense contractor incurs when company has resident personnel at contractor's
yard/site. The expenses can be one or more of the following:
 company site office,

 reproduction,
 telephone, telex and telefax,
 office supplies and stationery,
 living accommodation,
 company site cars for company personnel,
 etc.
CD Camp running
Includes operation and catering in connection with contractor's accommodation and construction camp (see
COR CBE), as outlined below:
CDA Catering
Catering comprises of the provision of beds and meals and associated service cost for contractor's camp.
These services normally include housekeeping, watches (except plant security), hotel/motel operations,
laundry, amenities and other related services.
CDB Camp operation
Includes camp running costs other than catering, comprising all labour, equipment, supervision, services and
administration that is associated with the operation of contractor's camp. This may include maintenance
services for water, power, sewers, communication, security, social activities, health and public order, camp
cleaning and mail, courier services, maintaining shopping, bank and other services in order to meet the
normal living standard requirements and the expected public welfare status.
CE Miscellaneous overhead costs
The contractor costs hereunder include for
 insurance – normal liability insurance (builder‟s risk),

 guarantees,
 financial costs,
 authorization and certification fees,
 licenses,
 port duties,
 other related costs.
CZ Other construction overheads
Includes costs which are construction overheads and which are not described in the previous COR C codes.
E Equipment
Process and utility equipment – designed, manufactured, prefabricated, cast, machined, assembled, erected
from bulk materials. Normally constructed as a complete purchase order conforming to specifications and
performance guarantee.
Equipment is reconciled with bulk materials to reflect current company practice with regard to definition of
equipment and bulk materials, and to avoid double coding. But as practice has varied earlier, a reference is
given to COR B Bulk materials.
As a main rule installation of equipment is to be COR coded under LR.
The descriptions of equipment/equipment packages contained herein are intended to provide guidelines for
cost estimating and cost control purposes. For obvious reasons it is impossible to completely and accurately
define each and every item of equipment conforming to detailed specifications and/or item specific attributes.
The second code letter in equipment (COR E) corresponds with the second letter code under engineering
disciplines.
The third code letter in equipment (COR E) is used to split discipline into groups of equipment as required.
EA Architectural equipment
Architectural equipment hereunder includes primarily items of equipment which may be designed and
manufactured by specialist vendors/suppliers and contractors, normally conforming to individual and project
specific functional requirements, or found practical to define as equipment based on current company
practice.
EAA Architectural equipment
Architectural equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
EAAB Kitchen equipment
Equipment/machinery in kitchens (galleys), pantries and messes. The equipment is deemed to be of a

professional catering standard and normally wall or console mounted and may include such as
 kitchen ranges, hotplates, grills, boilers, baking-/frying oven, tilting frying pan, fryer, muffin machine, etc.,
 mixers, mills/grinders, chopping machines, cutters, kneading machines, slicing machines, toasters, food
processors, etc.,
 potato peeling machines, rubbish mills (granulators), rubbish compressors,
 machine for milk making (of condensed milk), coffee-/tea-/mineral water machines, bain marie, cafeteria
counters, etc.,
 refrigerators (note – see also references below), freezer-boxes, ice cube machines, soft drink coolers,
heating lockers (also in the mess room),
 dish washing machines, pot washing machine/scrubs, etc.
Some particular references: Kitchen furniture and outfitting of a common "household appliance type" (e.g.
cupboards, shelves, workbenches, tables, chairs, china, cutlery, etc.) are to be regarded as bulk and COR
coded under BCE. For refrigeration/cooling machinery for provisions, see COR EAAR.

EAAD Actuated doors
Includes actuated doors as well as actuated hatches with actuators, push-buttons, etc.
For non-actuated doors, see COR BCD.
EAAE Laundry equipment
Includes laundry machines of a professional standard type:
 automatic washing machines, mop washing machines, etc.;

 spin and tumble dryers, pressers, drying aggregates, etc.;
 ironing machines, sewing machines, etc.
For furniture, etc., see COR BCE.
EAAR Refrigeration and freezing system equipment
Included are equipment (machinery) – discrete or packaged – for the refrigeration and freezing systems for
provisions:
 compressors, pumps and fans with drive units, etc.;

 condensers, evaporators, cooling batteries, defrosting plant, etc.;
 separate equipment for insulation drying system – where relevant;
 separate control equipment for the above.
EAAV Central vacuum cleaner system equipment
Includes vacuum unit(s), dust collector(s) and special accessories. As these facilities may be delivered as a
package, bulk items may also be included.
EAAZ Other architectural equipment
Includes other architectural equipment not included elsewhere under COR EAA.
ED Drilling equipment
Drilling equipment hereunder includes mainly packages, which are designed and manufactured by specialist
vendors/suppliers and contractors normally conforming to individual and project specific functional
requirements. Equipment hereunder is grouped into conventional groups, which contain several items of
equipment, and may not always be applicable depending on construction and contracting philosophies.
Drilling equipment comprises required equipment to perform, support, control and maintain the drilling
operations, as outlined in the following.
Some particular references: For drilling bulk, see COR BD. For BOP/BOP Accumulator equipment (subsea
wells), see COR EUUJ.
EDB Drilling equipment
Drilling equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
EDBC Pipe handling equipment
Pipe handling equipment consists of equipment associated with the movement, handling and supply of pipes,
conductors and casing to the piperack:
 within derrick for storing stands of pipe as they are removed from the drillstring;
 handling from the storage piperacks and feed to the derrick.
Equipment includes

 pipe handling winches,

 gantry cranes,
 catwalk and ramp,
 fully automated pipe handling systems.
The derrick is to be regarded as a contract type unit, which implies use of multiple COR codes.
EDBD Drilling risers
Temporary riser system deployed during drilling operations of subsea drilled wells. Forms the extensions
from the subsea guide base to the drilling facilities.
Drilling risers are often hired equipment, and thus often placed under drilling and completion budgets (e.g. in
the day rate for mobile drilling rigs).
For workover risers, see COR EUUP.
EDBE Cuttings disposal package
The cuttings disposal package includes
 shale shaker(s),
 settling tanks,
 containers for separating wellbore cuttings from drill mud.
Cleaned cuttings are either discharged through shale chutes or stored in containers for later removal.
For decanter centrifuge for cuttings, see COR ERCC.
EDBF Mud burner/mud burner package
Mud burner/mud burner package is used for the burning of oil contaminated mud as follows:
 for offshore projects the system comprises of a small boom structure, located near the flare boom at
platform exteriors. The burner includes the boom structure, the structure supports, piping and valves and
ignition system;
 for onshore projects the system normally comprises a mud burner pit where the flame front is directed
into an open pit for burning and containment.
EDBG Drawworks/rotary table and drawworks package
The drawworks is the hoisting winch used for handling – raising and lowering of drillpipe, casing and tubing –
within the derrick structure.
The rotary table is a chain or gear driven circular table unit mounted within the derrick drillfloor, which rotates
the drillpipe and drillbit.
The drawworks package includes the hoisting mechanism – the crown and travelling blocks used for
raising/lowering drillstrings. The travelling block is connected to the swivel/kelly and the kelly which is
attached to the drillstring, is rotated by the rotary table. The drawworks (the hoisting winch) is connected to
the crown/travelling blocks.
EDBI Cementing package
The cementing package comprises all equipment required for cementing casing strings within the borehole.
Packages may be permanently installed or leased/rented for purpose.
The cementing package includes
 pump skid unit(s),

 transfer hoses,

 mixer units,
 measuring/control devices.
EDBJ Top drive units/packages
Top drive systems also called derrick drillers. I.e. overhead power swivels (overhead drilling systems) which
perform the same operations as rig floor rotary table drilling with a kelly. The drive with integrated swivel is
mounted directly on the drillstring allowing up to 90 feet stands to be drilled. The top drive is connected to the
travelling block. Top drive units may be hydraulically or electrically driven.
EDBK Mud pump package
The mud pump package includes
 mud pumps and drivers for mixing and circulation,

 mud mixers and mixing plant,
 mud transfer/return lines/hoses.
EDBM Skid jacks
Hydraulic jacks used for skidding the derrick/derrick substructure to wellslot locations. The jacks include main
skid jacks and transverse skid jacks to allow north/south and east/west movement.
EDBN Diverters
Diverter is a type of blowout preventer that is able to divert fluids from a well to a safe place away from the rig
under conditions where the well cannot be shut-in.
EDBP Drilling panels
Drilling panels/drillers console form part of the drillers instrumentation and control system and contain
panels/console with assemblies of gauges, indicators, controllers and alarms which monitor and allow control
of drilling operations.
The drillers console monitors, displays and records such as
 mud variables,
 drilling variables,
 provides necessary and essential controls associated with the operation of blowout preventers and well
shut-in,
 drawworks operation,
 mud system,
 derrick equipment.
EDBS Choke/production/injection and test manifolds
Choke/production/injection and test manifolds consist of header vessels for collection and distribution.
Manifolds are fabricated from pipe, pipefittings and supports, and are assembled with actuated control valves
and manual valves.
EDBT TFL Equipment
Includes equipment and tools for through flow line (TFL) servicing. TFL tools are similar to wireline tools
except that no wirelines are attached. Tools are moved in and out of the well by pumping fluid behind them,
which pushes them through flowlines.
TFL operations fall into three groups:
 well cleaning;
 downhole equipment installation and service;
 workover operations.

Platform equipment includes
 pump,
 tanks,
 manifold,
 lubricator,
 controls,
 tool handling equipment.
EDBU Wireline equipment
Includes wireline equipment and tools for
 well cleaning,
 downhole equipment installation and service,
 workover operations.
Equipment comprises
 the wireline drum,

 wire/cable,
 winches,
 lubricator,
 controls,
 tool handling equipment,
 wireline tools.
For wireline unit/wireline equipment related to surface completion, see COR EDWP.
EDBX Other drilling equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups of drilling equipment delivered from suppliers and
purchased as complete packages that may comprise several of the above items for incorporation into the
drilling facilities.
EDBY Hoppers/mud guns/blenders
Hoppers/bins/pits/containers – used for mixing, storage and holding dry, liquid or mixed cement and mud
required for drilling operations.
Mud guns – used for irregular agitation of drilling fluid in the mud pit/bin to assist in the separation of cuttings.
Blenders/agitators/mixers – used for mixing of drilling fluids – mud and cement during drilling operations.
EDBZ Other drilling equipment
Includes all other equipment not included elsewhere under COR EDB, purchased as individual items of
equipment for incorporation into the drilling facilities.
EDW Wellhead equipment (surface completion)
Wellhead equipment hereunder includes all equipment, appurtenances/devices related to the surface
completion of production and injection wells.
Codes hereunder also include equipment for wells, which are subsea drilled/predrilled and surface
completed, e.g. for TLP, SPAR wells and other.
Some particular references: equipment for subsea completions are included within COR EUU codes.
COR EDW equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:

EDWA X-mas trees
X-mas trees are a complex of valves and pipes installed at the wellhead to control the flow of high pressure
wellstream and/or injection water – also called Christmas trees because the pipe/unit form several branches
and are "outfitted" with valves and control mechanisms/devices.
EDWB Tubing shear ram
The shear ram is specially designed to cut through or shear drillpipe when the string is in the hole and where
it is necessary to seal the bore completely and quickly against too high well pressure.
The tubing shear ram consists of a closure mechanism on a well‟s blow out preventer stack fit with chisel-like
jaws that are hydraulic operated. When the ram is closed on the pipe the jaws or blade cut the pipe,
permitting the upper section to be removed from the BOP stack.
EDWC Tubing shear ram/X-mas tree – extensions
This code covers the following extension types:
 shear ram extension – used for shear rams, which are either manually or hydraulically operated. The
extension is a shaft system connected between upper rams and lower rams of the blow out preventer
and actuators;
 X-mas tree extension – extensions used for X-mas tree mounting/placement/control/operation.
EDWD Wellhead, wellhead housing and extension
The wellhead is the terminal point of a producing well which consists of casing head, tubing, tubing string
connection placed on top of the casing and attached to the X-mas tree.
The wellhead housing and extension is a complex of heavy, forged or cast steel hardware installed on top of
and making a close seal with the surface string of casing or on the conductor pipe, giving access to a
borehole for the purpose of drilling, controlling pressure in the hole and regulating flow of fluids.
EDWF Conductor housing, extensions and guides, hub connectors
Conductor housing with extension is the top of the casing/conductor set in a well – the part of the casing that
protrudes above the surface and to which control valves and flow pipes are attached.
Included are also conductor guides and hub connectors where conductor guides are casing shoes/guide
shoes fit to the lower-most joint of the casing which guides the casing down the hole preventing sticking. A
hole in the centre allows drilling fluids to pass up into the casing while the casing is being lowered and
cement to pass down and into the annular space when cementing.
EDWH Casing hanger
Forged/machined bracket supports inside the wellhead under the BOP stack, by which the BOP stack, by
which casing strings are suspended, suspends casing strings.
EDWI Tubing hanger
Include tubing hanger(s) and tubing anchor(s):
 tubing hanger – forged/machined support bracket(s) inside the wellhead by which the tubing is
suspended;
 tubing anchors – cylindrical metal blocks used to anchor tubing in place in a wellbore without the aid of
packers in a multiple completion.
EDWJ Seal rings/seals
All seal rings/seals used within the wellhead system – resilient or other types, which seal between casing
strings/casing hangers, housings and the BOP stack.

EDWK Guide base
Guide base is a fixture on top of the borehole serving as an anchorage on the seabed for guidelines
extending down beneath a drilling platform. Guide bases hereunder are related to bases used in conjunction
with surface completed wells, e.g. TLP wells; the guide base of the well spacer/drilling template whereto
production risers are connected.
EDWL Landing base
Landing bases/guides are used for/or as part of wellhead equipment – surface completion.
EDWM Diverter system equipment
An assembly of nipples and air actuated valves welded to a well‟s surface or to conductor casing for venting
gas kicks. When a kick occurs, the blow out preventer is closed and the valves of the diverter system are
opened to vent the gas harmlessly to the atmosphere.
EDWN Blow out preventer stack
The blow out preventer stack (BOP) is part of the drilling safety equipment installed on a wellhead after the
conductor pipe has been run and set in a borehole. The BOP enables any flow from the well to be controlled
by the driller. The preventer comprises doubling acting opposed pistons which when activated close the
space between the casing and whatever is inside. The preventer stack is shaped to fit around drillpipe.
See also COR EDWQ.
EDWO Hydraulic connectors
Include all types of hydraulic connectors related to surface completions.
EDWP Wireline unit/wireline equipment
Wireline unit – an apparatus consisting of a winch, wire cable and tools or instruments for taking downhole
samples, making measurements or operating tools within the hole – all related to surface completions.
For TFL equipment (through flowline equipment), i.e. tools, etc. similar to wireline equipment (tools), see
COR EDBT. Wireline equipment for well cleaning, downhole equipment installation and workover operations,
see COR EDBU.
EDWQ Wireline pressure retaining equipment
An annular preventer where the sealing element is a flexible rubber packer whose pressure can be regulated
to facilitate internal movement inside the hole.
EDWX Other wellhead equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed under COR EDW, i.e. other wellhead equipment delivered from
suppliers and purchased as complete functional packages that may comprise several items of equipment for
incorporation into the facilities.
EDWZ Other wellhead equipment
Other equipment not included elsewhere under COR EDW, required in support of surface completions and
purchased as individual items of equipment, for incorporation into the facilities.
EE Electrical equipment
Electrical equipment includes equipment items and packages required for and associated with electrical
power generation, transforming and distribution, power supply, control and regulation.

Conforming to the SCCS equipment definition, electrical equipment defined herein are units/items/equipment
which normally are especially fabricated/manufactured conforming to separate design specifications and
therefore are not considered to be part of bulk material, or found practical to define as equipment based on
current company practice.
Some particular references: For electrical bulk, see COR BE. For instrument equipment, see COR EJJ. For
navigation devices, see COR BTA.
EEE Electrical equipment
Electrical equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
EEEB Batteries
All permanently installed dedicated batteries with battery charger units used to supply power during
emergency situations, in the event of power failures or used for e.g. starting.
Batteries may form part of uninterruptable power supply systems (UPS) for supply to telecommunications
systems, instrumentation systems, etc. (see COR codes for UPS units).
EEEC Control equipment (panels, relay boxes)
Electrical control equipment includes control panels with installed components, e.g. instruments and relay
boxes for such as
 process,
 common process and utility systems,
 interface panels,
 local starter panels,
 push button stations,
 thyristor control panels,
 generator control panels,
 mimic panels,
 test panels,
 shut down panels,
 other equipment of similar function (electrical).
For instrumentation control panels, see COR EJJB.
EED DC Distribution boards
Includes all direct current (DC) circuit breaker distribution panel boards used for distributing direct current.
The units may be connected to the normal distribution system or stay separately.
EEEE Emergency distribution panels
Emergency circuit breaker distribution panel boards includes all classified/rated panels up to 250 volt which
are connected to and form part of the emergency power distribution system.
EEEG Generators
Generators – include main power and emergency power generators when such are defined as separate units
not forming parts of composite packages/packaged units.
Generators herein comprise such as
 alternator unit,
 bases/frames,
 synchronizing and load sharing unit,
 controls related to the generator/alternator delivered separately with the unit.

For generator packages; i.e. generators with driver, etc. for main and emergency power, see COR EEEN and
EEEO respectively. For separate drivers for the generators, see COR ERD.
EEEH Switchgear – up to 400 V
All switchgear up to 400 V, including supply and feeder units, protection relays and metering devices,
purchased for installation within metal clad switchgear enclosures/boards/control centres.
EEEJ Switchgear – above 400 V and up to 1000 V
All high voltage switchboards from above 400 V and up to 1000 V for both normal and emergency systems,
including supply and feeder units, protection relays and metering.
EEEK Switchgear – above 1000 V
All high voltage switchgear above 1000 V including supply and feeder units, protection relays and metering
devices, purchased for installation within metal clad switchgear enclosures.
EEEL Motor control centres
Motor control centres (MCC) – metal clad switchgear enclosures equipped with motor starters, circuit
breakers/switchgear, control relays, special components, meters, transformers, etc. which group electrical
motor controls within a separate area or room.
EEEM Lighting and minor distribution panels
Lighting and power circuit breaker distribution panel boards used for power distribution of up to 250 V supply
to (domestic) lighting circuits and power outlets.
EEEN Main power generator sets
Included is main power generator with driver, lube/seal oil skid and bulk and equipment (may be discrete
items covered under COR EEE or other equipment) – all combined into a package, normally delivered by
specialist supplier/manufacturer/constructor. As package design – as well as purchasing strategy and
requirements – may vary, it is difficult and unpractical to define the total package content.
EEEO Emergency power generator sets
Analogous as previous code, for emergency generator with driver, etc.
EEEP Earthing bars
Earthing bars/systems, which form part of the earthing system.
EEEQ Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
The UPS is a unit used to provide power for emergency/essential supply in the event of an emergency or
power failure. The unit is equipped with such as: a rectifier (charger), an inverter, static switch and battery
bank.
This code covers the platform (common) UPS power system for e.g. instrumentation and control system,
emergency light, etc. other than dedicated UPS units (i.e. only for said equipment/systems). In the SCCS
context, the following dedicated UPS units are coded under other COR codes such as
 UPS for HPU, see COR ERCT,

 UPS for telecom. (DC powering), see COR ETRL,
 UPS for the ESD-system, see COR EJJW,
 UPS for subsea equipment, see COR EUUL.

EEER Rectifiers and inverters
This code includes
 rectifiers – devices which convert alternating currents (AC) to direct current (DC) to provide power to; e.g.
battery chargers, DC motors, variable speed drivers,
 inverters – a device that changes DC to AC (or vice versa), provides AC supply to circuitry from DC
batteries source,
 frequency converters.
The code covers rectifiers, etc. not forming part of any UPS system (for UPS systems, see under COR
EEEQ).
EEES Lightning arrestors
Lightning arrestors/masts/poles/systems – are used to conduct/lead lightning bolts caused during

thunderstorms away from oil and gas processing facilities, to prevent ignition. Lightning arrestors normally
consist of masts with copper conductors for direct earthing.
EEET Transformers
Power transformers as equipment hereunder include all transformers of large dimensional

magnitude/capacity and/or transformers, which are manufactured to non-standard specifications.
Transformers (e.g. isolation transformers) included within bulk are intended to be standard “off-the-shelf”
minor transformer units (see COR BEE).
EEEU Electrical cathodic protection
Includes all equipment items related to electrical impressed current cathodic protection systems, hereunder;
control panels/systems, power supply, monitors, recorders and cathodes/anodes.
EEEV Bus ducts, bars and accessories
Bus duct, bus bars and accessories are the main isolated conductor bar system equipment used to connect
suppliers and consumers – transformers and switchgear/boards.
EEEW Alarm equipment
Functional requirements of alarm equipment as electrical equipment, is to monitor and annunciate the
condition of electrical supply to process and utility equipment, and comprises; alarm tableau and event
recorder, etc.
EEEX Other electrical equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups of electrical equipment delivered from
vendors/manufacturers as complete functional packages that may comprise several of the above items of
equipment for incorporation into the facilities.
EEEY Filters and compensation equipment
Includes filters and compensation equipment like neutral resistors, reactors, capacitors and other
impedances.
Neutral resistors are a unit connected between earth and a transformer neutral point, to reduce the current by
an earth fault downstream.
Reactors and other impedances will on an offshore installation normally be part of an equipment package.

EEEZ Other electrical equipment
Includes all other electrical equipment items not defined elsewhere under COR EEE, purchased as individual
items of equipment for incorporation into the facilities.
EG Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment
HVAC systems provide forced ventilation to enclosed areas, remove hydrocarbon laden air and replenish with
fresh air, provide heating (or cooling) for enclosed areas and air conditioning for quarters, amenities, offices
and control rooms.
Conforming to the SCCS equipment definition, equipment or equipment packages hereunder are especially
fabricated/manufactured conforming to separate design specifications or found practical to define as
equipment based on current company practice.
Some particular references: For filters and filter coalescers, dampers and sound attenuators, HVAC traps,
etc., see under COR BH. For weather louvres, see COR BCA.
EGG Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment
HVAC equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
EGGA Air handling
Includes air handling units and room fan units as follows:
 air handling units are manufactured units for single or multiple zones, which provide fan force-fed,
conditioned, heated and/or cooled air. The units comprise such as
 an insulated metal casing with supports,
 fan section with shaft and impeller,
 a cooling coil section,
 a heating coil section,
 a conditioning section,
 a filter section with replaceable filters,
 fan motor,
 sound attenuator,
 vibration isolators.
 room fan coil units, used for heating/cooling smaller enclosed areas, comprise such as
 insulated cabinets,
 discharge air grille,
 cooling and heating coils,
 filters/inlet grille,
 fan unit,
 fan motor.
EGGB Cooling units, refrigeration units
Includes units for HVAC cooling and refrigeration:
 cooling units – as air handling units used for cooling only, comprise such as
 insulated casing/cabinet,
 cooling coils,
 fan section,
 filters,
 grilles,
 fan motor.
 cooling towers – under HVAC, are used in conjunction with cooling units, air-handling units and
water chillers to provide chilled water. Towers use refrigeration processes;
 water chillers – as separate to cooling tower systems, use refrigeration processes to reject heat and
provide chilled water to cooling units and air handling units;

 refrigeration units – in HVAC systems, are combined with or within cooling tower units, water chillers units
or air handling units.
For larger industrial purposes the refrigeration units may be a separate installation comprising, such as
 a compressor unit,
 condenser,
 evaporator,
 expansion valve packaged as a separate unit.
EGGC Boilers and heaters
Boilers and heaters for providing hot water and heat for HVAC purposes, including such as
 electric water boilers – used to provide hot water for supply to air handling units and/or hot water
radiators,
 gas fired water heating boilers – use gas to heat hot water for supply to heating systems – air handling
units and/or hot water radiators,
 gas fired steam boilers – use gas to superheat water into steam for supply to heating systems – air
handling units, heaters and/or radiators,
 electric convection heaters – wall or floor mounted major electric convection heaters with or without fans,
 electric radiation heaters – wall or ceiling mounted major electric heaters,
 gas fired radiation heaters – wall or ceiling mounted major radiation heaters.
For electric panel heaters for general room heating, see COR BEE. For domestic water heaters, see COR
EGGI.
EGGD Terminal units
Terminal units are ducting terminal/end devices for connecting ductwork, to terminate ductwork or terminate
for transfer to other systems.
EGGE Humidifiers/dehumidifiers
Equipment/systems/devices used to condition air to required humidity levels. These may form part of air
handling units/other HVAC equipment or be a separate item of equipment.
EGGF Air conditioners
Air conditioners hereunder are self-contained air conditioning units used for industrial purposes and comprise
such as
 air handling system,

 refrigerated cooler/heat pump heater,
 heating/cooling coils,
 humidifier/dehumidifier,
 filters,
 control units.
EGGG Heating and cooling coils
Heating and cooling coils comprise such as: fin coiled tubing units/coiled tubing to provide heat or chill to
HVAC systems. The coils may be integral to other units or manufactured separately for inclusions into HVAC
systems.
EGGH HVAC Fans
HVAC Fans may include
 axial fans – are placed and mounted in line within ductwork, as a primary or secondary fan to boost air
flow through ducting systems,

 centrifugal fans – form part of the air handling unit (see COR EGGA), or alternatively as a separate
primary fan unit to provide airflow through heating/cooling coils and humidity conditioning.
The fans comprise
 rotors/shafts,
 blades/impellors,
 drivers,
 casings/housings,
 mountings.
EGGI Domestic water heaters
Standard water heaters used to provide hot water to kitchens, laundries and messes, for sanitary purposes,
etc.
EGGX Other HVAC packages
Includes HVAC packages not previously listed, i.e. other HVAC equipment/groups of equipment delivered
from vendors/manufacturers as packages that may comprise several of the above items of equipment for
EGGZ Other HVAC equipment
Includes other HVAC equipment not included elsewhere under COR EGG, purchased as individual items of
equipment for incorporation into the facilities.
EJ Instrumentation equipment
Instrument equipment includes equipment items and packages required for monitoring and control of the
facilities.
This implies that the code also covers SAS equipment. SAS: safety and automation system – according to
the NORSOK standard I-002, covers the following subsystems:
 process control system (PCS);

 process shut-down system (PSD);
 power distribution control system (PDCS) – see also particular reference;
 fire and gas system (F&G);
 emergency shut-down system (ESD);
 information management system (IMS);
 system links to various packages.
Conforming to the SCCS equipment definition, instrumentation equipment defined herein are
units/items/equipment which normally are especially fabricated/manufactured conforming to separate design
specifications and therefore are not considered to be part of bulk materials, or found practical to define as
equipment based on current company practice. Instrument equipment has been reconciled with instrument
bulk to avoid double coding.
Some particular references: For instrument bulk, see COR BJ. For electrical equipment, see COR EEE. For
navigation devices (foghorns and other signalling devices), see COR BTA. For real time clock system, see
COR ETRO. For the platform UPS system, see COR EEEQ. For UPS for ESD system, see COR EJJW.
EJJ Instrumentation equipment
Instrumentation equipment is subdivided and coded as follows:
EJJA Air distribution header
Includes the complete header for instrument air. The unit may also be of dual function type, i.e. both for
instrument and service air.

For instrument air package, see COR EJJM. For instrument air supply manifolds and tubing, see COR BJE.
EJJB Control panels with instruments, controllers, etc.
Comprises all control panels with instruments, instrument controllers, I/O racks, signal conditioning units,
relays, transducers, etc. (all installed components), delivered as complete units and used for such as
 process control,
 operations control,
 control of common process,
 control of process support,
 control of offsites and utility systems.
The code covers instrument control panels as well as local panels not forming part of an equipment package
(see below).
Other equipment packages may have (local) control panels included, and these have to be COR coded with
the package code. For drilling panels, see COR EDBP. For separate matrix and mimic panels, see COR
EJJL. Electrical control panels are deemed to be COR coded under EEEC.
EJJE Desks/consoles, operator stat., work stat., PC, VDU
This code covers various separate instrument equipment, i.e. not included in any panel or similar, such as
 desks/consoles (with installed components),

 operator stations (also temporary) and work stations,
 computers (incl. cabinet) and PCs (hardware and software).
 VDUs (Visual Display Units),
 bus communication, equipment for interface to packages/systems and other common separate
instrument equipment.
For field cabinets, see COR EJJF. For logger, printer and copiers, see COR EJJK. For separate matrix and
mimic panels, see COR EJJL.
EJJF Field termination and cross connection cabinets
Includes instrument equipment units with installed components, of the following types:
 field termination cabinets/assemblies;

 field remote I/O cabinets (RIOs);
 cross connection cabinets.
EJJH Oil metering package
The oil metering package is a metering package used for measuring the quantity of oil as well as LNG and
condensate, which are delivered to/from a facility.
EJJI Gas metering package
The gas metering package is a metering package used for measuring the quantity of gas, which is delivered
to/from a facility.
EJJJ Multiphase metering package
The multiphase metering package is a metering package used for measuring the quantity of petroleum
liquids and gases, which are delivered together to/from a facility.

EJJK Loggers, printers and copiers
Includes separate loggers, printers and copiers in connection with the (instrumentation) monitoring and
control function.
Printers and copiers used for general administrative purposes are to be COR coded under BCE.
EJJL Matrix and mimic panels
Includes separate matrix and mimic panels for the instrumentation function.
Matrix and mimic panels installed in control panels or as part of an equipment package (local), are to be COR
coded under EJJB or the package code.
EJJM Instrument air package
Included is the instrument air package, which may comprise equipment like compressor and driver, tanks,
separators, coolers, etc. and bulks; all combined into a package, normally delivered by a specialist
supplier/manufacturer. As package design – as well as strategy and requirements – may vary, it is difficult
and unpractical to define the total package content.
EJJU Dynamic positioning control system equipment (DP)
Includes separate control system equipment used for dynamic positioning (DP) by radar, transponder or
satellite referencing. The system provides station keeping of a vessel by actuating thruster propellers.
EJJV Weight scales
Scales used for measuring bulks of or within; containers, packages, sacks, trucks, trailers, wagons, etc.
EJJW Hydraulic emergency shut-down system equipment
Includes equipment for the hydraulic control system used for emergency shut-down of process facilities in the
event of a blow-out or system failure.
The system serves actuated valves which are hydraulically actuated, and includes separate HPU, UPS, etc.
shut-down may be initiated automatically, controlled from the drillers‟ console/panel or from the main control
room. The emergency shut-down system is required to have separate integrity requiring uninterruptible power
supply (UPS) to the shut-down system.
See: Actuated valves are deemed to be coded as bulk under COR BJB. For drillers console/panel, see COR
EDBP.
EJJX Other instrument equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups of instrument equipment delivered from
vendors/manufacturers, purchased as complete functional packages that may comprise several of the above
EJJY Vibrating/displacement measuring systems equipment
System equipment and devices used for combined packaging/displacement/mass measurement of dry
low-density materials – pellets, powders, etc.
EJJZ Other instrument equipment
Includes other instrument equipment items nor defined elsewhere under COR EJJ purchased as individual

ER Miscellaneous mechanical equipment
Miscellaneous mechanical equipment includes items of equipment, which cannot be placed elsewhere under
SCCS cost codes. Equipment herein mostly includes discrete items which may form parts of packages
defined elsewhere though which for estimating purposes are defined separately herein, and some relevant
packages.
Some particular references: For miscellaneous package units, see COR ERX. For misc. mechanical
equipment for solids, see COR ERN.
ERC Miscellaneous mechanical equipment
Miscellaneous mechanical equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERCA Regenerative filters
Regenerative filters are filters, which by reverse process or by cleaning have restored filtering properties.
Types of regenerative filters are such as
 filter in cartridge dust collectors,

 pressure filters,
 gravity filtration units,
 plate and press filters,
 wet pressure leaf filters,
 dry pressure leaf filters,
 rotary drum filters,
 rotary disk filters,
 wire mesh,
 sieves,
 particle filters.
Filters and strainers for piping and HVAC systems are deemed to be COR coded BLA and BHB respectively.
ERCB Non-regenerative filters
Non-regenerative filters are filters which cannot be regenerated and which require filter replacement.
Types of non-regenerative filters are
 particulate filters,
 cartridge filters,
 other types of replaceable filters.
ERCC Centrifuges
A motor driven machine used for separating substances which have different specific gravities by centrifugal
forces, used for liquid/solid separation and dewatering.
Types of centrifuges are
 horizontal basket,
 vertical basket,
 solid bowl,
 sharples.
Decanter centrifuge – a large centrifuge used for separating cuttings – rock and fines from the drilling mud
returning from downhole. The centrifuge has a cone shaped rotor and is equipped with a screw conveyor for
discharge of cuttings.
Centrifuge packages are covered under COR ERCM.

ERCD Extractors
Includes equipment used for extraction, expelling air/vapours/residues from one environment to another.
Process equipment used for extraction by means of solvent, into a fraction soluble in the solvent extract and
an insoluble residue.
ERCE Cyclones
Cyclones, cyclone separators and hydrocyclones, included hereunder, are cone shaped vessels used for
removing or separating substances, which have different specific gravity by induced centrifugal force.
Cyclones/cyclone separators separate solids/liquids and/or liquids/gases into components. Cyclones for dry
separation may be connected to filters.
Hydrocyclones separate liquids/water and have been used for oily water treatment systems.
ERCF Mechanical separators/shakers
Mechanical separators/shakers hereunder include all types of separators (other than cyclone separators),
shakers, hoppers and screens that mechanically separate different solid materials.
Separators/shakers hereunder do not include the shale shaker unit forming part of the cuttings disposal
package under EDB or such equipment included under ERN codes within the code of resources.
ERCG Refrigeration units
Refrigeration units hereunder consider packages used for process cooling. The refrigeration unit consists of a
refrigerant compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator. The refrigerant (ammonia or
other) passes through a closed loop process, heat is extracted via the evaporator and expelled through the
condenser.
For equipment in the refrigeration system for provisions, see COR EAAR.
ERCH Chemical feeders
Chemical feeders include dry chemical feeders used for dosing/conditioning products and liquid chemical
feeders with valves, piping and controls, connected to storage tanks/vessels/bottles/bins for injecting
chemicals into process streams and utility systems to achieve required qualities and/or specification.
ERCI Molecular sieves
Molecular sieves are used in gas processing systems to dehydrate and to remove carbon dioxide and sulphur
compounds from natural gas. The molecular sieve is a bed of super-absorbent desiccant material, which is
placed in layers in a service bed within vertical towers. The feedstock passes through the bed where
impurities are removed.
ERCJ Mixers/agitators
Mixers/agitators include all types of mixers, agitators, kneaders and blenders used for mixing and
conditioning of both fluids and solids to achieve required properties.
For mixers/agitators/blenders for drilling fluids, see COR EDBY. For mixers/kneaders, etc. in kitchen (galley),
see COR EAAB.
ERCK Demisters
Demisters are installed in vertical columns/separators to screen/collect demist condensed vapour prior to
vapour/gas outlet at column top. Condensed vapour falls to liquid level containment.

ERCL Trays
Trays are distillation tower/column internals installed at different levels within tower/column to collect/extract
the different process stream fractions.
Tray assemblies typically consist of
 downcomers,
 weirs and seal plates,
 bubble caps,
 tray ring supports,
 perforated shower trays,
 disctrays,
 donut trays,
 structural packings and supports.
Several different types of plates/trays may be used
 bubble cap tray,

 ballast tray,
 jet tray,
 ripple tray,
 perforated tray,
 uniflex tray,
 turbogrid tray,
 float valve trays.
ERCM Centrifuge packages
Included are centrifuges (see ERCC) with other bulk and equipment (may be discrete items covered under
ERC or other equipment) – all combined into centrifuge package(s), normally delivered by specialist
supplier/manufacturer. As package design – as well as purchasing strategy and requirements – may vary, it
is difficult and unpractical to define the total package content.
ERCN Solid waste disposal units
Equipment used for disposal of solid waste. Toxic waste is stored in containers for later storage/disposal
conforming to statutory requirements. Non-toxic waste which is not incinerated may be stockpiled for later
disposal or
 shredded in a solid waste shredder to reduce size, or

 reduced in size by compression units.
For rubbish mills (granulators) or rubbish compressors in kitchen (pantry), see COR EAAB.
ERCP Incinerators
Incinerators are used for burning ordinary non-toxic wastes. The incinerator is an enclosed fireplace, with
grating, firebrick-lined hearth, exhaust stack and burner system.
ERCQ Eductors and ejectors
Eductors and ejectors are equipment items with no moving parts which act as extractors/pumps and are
actuated by the flow of high pressure motive fluids which create partial vacuums over intakes.
Ejector – operates with the entry of high pressure/high velocity motive gas/vapour or fluids via nozzles into a
diffuser. The action creates a partial vacuum for extracting gases/vapours from vessels. Ejectors may be
single stage or up to five stage units.
Eductor – a form of suction pump; a device using a high pressure jet of water to create a partial vacuum at an
intake opening to draw liquid from a sump.

ERCR Trash racks/collectors
Trash racks/collectors include all trash (rubbish, refuse, garbage and other unwanted objects) storage,
collection, and containment arrangements required for both fluid and solid waste.
Included are
 containers,
 collectors,
 racks,
 tanks,
 pits, etc.
To hold, store and collect trash prior to removal.
Container for cuttings disposal, see COR EDBE.
ERCS Lube and seal oil units
Lube and seal oil units are units used in conjunction with larger rotating machinery and equipment – such as
gas turbine driven generators and compressors etc., where lube and seal oil is continuously circulated to
rotor bearings, filtered, stored and cooled.
Lube and seal oil units consist of
 oil storage tank(s) (sump(s)),

 circulation pumps,
 heat exchanger(s) for cooling,
 oil filters,
 control systems for monitoring flow, pressure, viscosity and temperature.
Lube and seal oil units may be part of other packages.
ERCT Hydraulic units
Hydraulic power units (HPU) provide power for such as: automatic shutdown and control of process and
offtake systems, power for remotely operated valves, shear rams and linear motion rams. Provide also power
to hydraulically driven equipment, e.g. for jacking systems.
Hydraulic power units comprise of high pressure accumulators, storage vessels for hydraulic fluids and
pumps.
Hydraulic power units may be required to have a separate essential integrity requiring emergency power
backup with an uninterruptable power supply system (UPS). In this case the dedicated UPS system with UPS
unit, rectifier, inverter, static switch, battery bank, etc. is to be included here.
For hydraulic units (HPU) for subsea facilities, see COR EUUK/EUUM. For hydraulic emergency shut-down
system equipment, see COR EJJW.
ERCU Comminutors
A comminutor is a motor driven unit that reduces organic solids particle size in flowing sewage. The unit is
equipped with cutters and screens.
For kitchen granulators (rubbish mills), see COR EAAB.
ERCV Trash stop gates
Gates used to stop or regulate the flow of trash and unwanted materials into intake systems.

ERCX Other miscellanous mechanical equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups of COR ERC type equipment delivered from
vendors/manufacturers purchased as complete packages that may comprise several items of equipment for
ERCZ Other miscellanous mechanical equipment
Includes other equipment of COR ERC type items not included elsewhere under COR ERC, which is
purchased as individual items of equipment for incorporation into facilities.
ERD Drivers and power transmissions
Drivers and power transmissions includes all major drivers delivered complete with base frames/plates,
power transmissions – gearing/reducers, starters, couplings, accessories and controls, as defined under this
code.
This code applies for drivers, etc. primarily for generators and compressors requiring high effect and for
driven units in hazardous areas.
Minor drivers; engines and motors within this manual are regarded to form part of each respective composite
equipment unit, which normally will be delivered as a complete unit from vendors/manufacturers e.g. pump
with driver, baseplate and coupling. For these, the other relevant COR E codes apply.
Drivers and power transmissions hereunder are not intended to cover complete packages (much used) which
are included under COR ERX codes, or under other defined package COR E codes; e.g. for gas turbine
driven main power generator set complete with generator, driver and lube/seal oil skid, see COR EEEN.
Drivers and transmissions are subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERDA Gas engines
Gas engines are reciprocating – piston designed engines which use natural gas as a fuel, with prime power
ratings range from 85 kW to 600 kW or greater. The engines may be configured with from six to sixteen
cylinders. Gas engines may be used as the power unit to drive generators used for main and/or emergency
power generation.
Costs under this code include for such as
 natural gas engine set,

 fuel supply connections,
 aspiration units,
 engine supports.
ERDB Gearboxes and couplings
Gearboxes and couplings include all forms of power transmission systems, which are attached to major
drivers and fixed to baseplates/frames to transmit power to rotating machinery/generator sets.
ERDC Steam turbines
Steam turbines hereunder include steam driven turbine unit, comprising such as
 casings,
 rotor shaft and blades,
 nozzles,
 governors,
 valves,
 bearings and inlet/outlet systems forming part of the turbine unit.

ERDD Diesel engines
Diesel engines are reciprocating piston designed engines which use diesel oil (or similar) as a fuel, with prime
power ratings range from 50 kW to 700 kW or greater. The engines may be configured with from four to
sixteen cylinders. Diesel engines may be used as the power unit to drive generators used for main and/or
emergency power generation.
Diesel engines under this code include such as
 diesel engine set,

 fuel supply,
 aspiration units,
 engine supports.
ERDE Electrical motors
Electrical motors include all forms and types of larger major electrical motor drivers for all voltages, phases
and frequency range, e.g. for driven units in hazardous areas.
Electrical motors hereunder do not include drivers which form an integrated part of a composite package
which will normally be delivered as a complete unit, comprising e.g. pump, baseplate, driver and coupling as
a minor pump package (see COR ERP).
ERDF Air driven motors/starters
Air driven motors are driven by compressed air supplied from compressors or as bleed air. These motors are
used in hazardous areas and for driving air driven winches.
Air driven motors include such as
 casing,
 rotor/impeller,
 nozzles,
 governor,
 valves,
 bearings.
Air driven starters are used for starting major drivers – gas/diesel engines and gas turbines.
ERDT Gas turbines
Gas turbines hereunder include the gas driven turbine unit, which includes such as
 air inlet,
 air compressor,
 fuel nozzles,
 combustion chambers,
 gas turbine rotor and blades,
 exhaust duct,
 turbine housing/casing with support frames.
Gas turbine units provide the driver unit for main power generators, process gas compressors and other
rotating equipment requiring high effect drivers.
ERDV Hydraulic motors/starters
Hydraulic motors are powered by hydraulic fluids and are used in hazardous areas, comprising such as
 housings,
 shaft/impeller,
 nozzles,

 valves,
 bearings.
Hydraulic starters are hydraulically powered starters used for starting major gas/diesel engines and gas
turbines.
ERDZ Other drivers
Includes all other forms of major drivers, etc. not definable within the above COR ERD codes.
ERF Heaters, boilers, furnaces and flares
This equipment code comprises primarily all process heating and disposal-burning facilities based on the
heat generation by organic fuels or electrical energy.
Some particular references: For mud burner, see COR EDBF. For incinerators, see COR ERCP. For waste
heat recovery unit, see COR ERHW. For heaters and boilers in connection with HVAC (e.g. for hot water),
see COR EGGC. For fresh water maker packages, see COR ERXD.
COR ERF equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERFA Direct fired heaters incl. stack and ducting
Direct fired heaters include process-heating equipment for direct heat transfer by means of heating the feed
stock in tubular systems. Direct heat transfer is used to start or stabilize chemical reaction. The different
heater types can be classified as
 circular and box type heater with direct up or down firing burners with or without a convection section for
product preheating or steam generation,
 heaters with wall burners for radiant heat transience to product-containing tubes,
 reforming furnaces with or without a convection section,
 catalytic cracking furnaces.
o
Process heating equipment operating up to approximately 600 C is called «Heater», whilst equipment
designed for a higher temperature commonly is known as «furnace» (see COR ERFI). The fuel medium is
fuel oil, diesel or gas.
ERFB Steam boilers incl. stack and ducting
Steam boilers are used to generate high or medium pressure steam in a direct-fired process. The medium –
water – is fed through a tubular system, with pretreatment and condensate treatment usually incorporated in
the overall boiler system. Direct firing burners fed by gaseous/liquid or fossil fuels produce heat.
ERFC Flare tips and accessories
Includes equipment for stacked flares. Stacked flares are understood as burning systems for waste gases at
elevated levels which burn at a minimum height 50 m above ground level/deck and are normally guided by a
pilot flame generator system.
The flare tip is a special waste gas burner with a pilot flame ignitor and necessary accessories. Other waste
gas ignition devices in connection with stacked flares may be relevant and are to be included under this COR
code.
ERFD Flares ground
Ground flaring is used for large quantities of condensates or liquid wastes of hydrocarbons or other
combustible liquids. Ground flares can be burner tipped pipes or firebrick insulated vessels with special high
temperature burners to crack toxic chemical compositions. Ground flaring requires large safety areas.

ERFE Electric heaters
Electric heaters are used for processes where an adjustable and sensitive direct heat transfer is required or
where direct fired heaters cause hazards for the precinct.
ERFF Special heaters
Special heaters are usually heat transfer equipment used for controlled heating operations, where liquids or
gases are exposed to sensitive heat transfer at medium temperatures.
ERFG Special boilers
Special boilers are used for low or medium direct heat transfer to a liquid medium where controlled heat is
required.
ERFH Electrode boiler packages
Boiler packages supplied as complete unit where steam is directly generated by the use of electrodes placed
within saline water solutions. The electrodes are powered directly with electricity.
ERFI Furnaces
Furnaces are understood as heat transfer facilities where the medium is in direct contact with the generated
heat such as blasting furnaces and melting furnaces using gases e.g. oxygen or electric power for heat
o
generation. Operating temperature is normally above 600 C.
ERFX Other heater, furnace and boiler packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other equipment/groups of equipment of COR ERF type
delivered from vendors/manufacturers purchased as packages that may comprise several of the above items
of equipment for incorporation into the facilities.
ERFZ Other heating, burning and boiling equipment

Includes other equipment of COR ERF type not included elsewhere under COR ERF, purchased as individual
ERH Heat transfer equipment
Heat transfer equipment includes all types and forms of equipment items or package type equipment used for
heat exchange; heating and cooling, to provide, extract and recover temperature differences. The heat is
used for process heating and special heating purposes, as indicated.
Some particular references: For other heaters and coolers, see under COR ERF and EGG. For cooling
towers, see COR ERXI.
Heat transfer equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERHA Shell and tube heat exchangers
Shell and tube heat exchangers are units used for heating a liquid by transferring the heat from another liquid
or vapour. It is a commonly used type of industrial heat exchanger with a bundle of small diameter pipes
(tubes) inside a long cylindrical steel shell. The tubes (50 to several hundred) run parallel to the shell and are
supported equidistant by tube sheets. The space inside the shell not filled with tubes carries the
cooling/heating medium.
Types of shell and tube heat exchangers are
 floating head,
 stationary tube,
 kettle type,
 fixed tube sheet – single tube pass – vertical heater or reboiler,
 floating head – four pass tube side – two pass shell side,

 two pass.
Shell and tube heat exchangers comprise such as
 shells of different types,

 heads of different types,
 tubes,
 baffles and support plates,
 nozzles,
 packings,
 tie rods and spacers.
ERHB Plate heat exchangers
Plate heat exchangers are relatively low-pressure exchangers, which use thin walled plates as heat transfer
elements. Because of the thin walls, plate heat exchangers exhibit a much higher heat transfer coefficient
than shell and tube exchangers, however, because of less robust construction there are pressure limits in
application.
Plate heat exchangers comprise such as

 exchanger frame(s),
 moveable end covers,
 plates/plate packs,
 carrying and compression bars,
 entrance/outlet flanges.
ERHC Air cooled heat exchangers
Includes induced or forced draft unit air cooled heat exchangers which are often used in gas processing
plants like NGL/LPG/LNG, for heat transfer from processes/refrigerant processes and expel to the
environment.
The exchangers consist of
 axial flow fans,

 tube bundles,
 structural parts – plenum, frames, rings, support base,
 electric fans drive motor.
The fan is placed above the tube bundles.
For forced draft units – essentially identical to induced draft units – the fan is placed below tube bundles.
ERHD Quench coolers
Units for a process of rapid cooling from an elevated temperature by contact with liquids, gases or solids.
Includes heat exchangers for melting/cooling solids, gases related to electrolytic/metallurgical and thermal
cracking processes comprising; fluid beds, solid beds and/or gases.
ERHE Misc. coolers and condensers
Heat exchangers/heat exchange system equipment for cooling and condensing of vapours/liquids, which
properties and configuration does not form part of other heat exchangers types/groups defined under COR
ERH.
Included are
 condensers – water cooled heat exchangers used for cooling and liquefying vapours may be horizontal or
vertical with loop seals, comprising such as
 cylindrical jackets,

 vapour section,
 vapour inlet,
 water section – water inlet/outlet,
 cooling tubes.
 horizontal film types cooler – water cooled heat exchangers used for cooling of fluids by water
film/evaporation. The medium to be cooled is passed through a tube bundle/coil, and the cooling water
enters above the coils. A distributor distributes water above coils providing a cooling film,
 heaters – storage tank heating coils, immersion heaters, bayonet type heat exchangers, etc.
ERHF Double pipe heat exchangers
Included are the following heat exchangers:
 double pipe finned exchanger – a type of shell and tube exchanger, comprising such as
 a fixed internal finned (G-fin) pipe exchange section placed within a shell,
 inlet/outlet flanges,
 nozzles and supports.
 double pipe condenser – a tube bank heat exchanger consisting of double piping for cooling/condensing
gases/vapours, comprising such as
 two sets of pipe banks where the water set counter-currently cools/condenses the gas phase,
 pipe bundles,
 bundle supports/braces,
 gas inlet/gas vapour outlet,
 water inlet/outlet.
ERHG Core type heat exchangers
Included are heat exchangers of the following types:
 finned tube exchangers – small diameter pipe or tubing with attached metal fins attached to the outer
circumference, for cooling water and other liquids or gases. finned tube exchangers cool by radiating
from the fin-surface into the atmosphere in a manner similar to an automobile radiator;
 spiral type heat exchangers (different types).
For plate-fin type heat exchangers, see COR ERHJ.
ERHH Liquefaction heat exchangers (cryogenic)
Liquefaction heat exchangers included herein relate to the main heat exchangers used in LNG production
processes. The exchangers (one per train) are extremely large units, which contain aluminium coiling for
exchange.
ERHI Reboilers/evaporators
Includes particular equipment like
 reboiler – a heater associated with an extracting/distillation system that reheats a part of the bottom
process stream drawn off the distillation column and then reintroduced to the column as vapour.
Reboiling is a process of reworking part of the charge in a distillation column to improve fractionation.
Reboilers may be naturally or forced circulation units and comprise of shells and tubes, inlets/outlets and
saddles,
 evaporators – designed to concentrate water solutions by vaporizing some of the water.
ERHJ Compact heat exchangers
Includes heat exchangers of a plate-fin type. As the name indicates, the volume is small compared to other
heat exchangers, e.g. about one to four compared to a shell and tube heat exchanger of similar capacity.
Compact heat exchangers are used e.g. for various gas cooling purposes (after separation due to clean
medium requirements), aftercooling and may also be used for condensate cooling.

ERHW Waste meat recovery units
Waste heat recovery units are units used to recover heat from exhaust/flue gas. These are normally installed
at the exhaust end of gas turbine drivers, furnaces, steam boilers or all other direct fired facilities to recover
excess heat from the flue gas. Recovered heat is used for process heating and steam production and may
form part of a combined cycle system.
Waste heat recovery units comprise of such as
 fabricated casing structure with supports,

 filters,
 finned tube heat exchanger units/coils,
 baffles and dampers,
 furnace convection sections.
ERHX Other heat transfer equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups of COR ERH type equipment delivered from
vendors/manufacturers purchased as complete packages that may comprise several of the above items of
equipment.
ERHZ Other heat transfer equipment
Includes other COR ERH type equipment not included elsewhere under COR ERH, which is purchased from
vendors/manufacturers as individual items of equipment for incorporation into facilities.
ERK Compressors, blowers and expanders
Compressors, blowers and expanders, hereunder include all types major of equipment required in the facility
– main process, process support and utility systems, which:
 compress gases/vapours for treatment, conditioning and liquid extraction,

 compress gas/vapour for gas lift, reinjection and/or gas export,
 turbo expansion of gas within gas processing,
 blowers used in air supply to support processes and/or combustion,
 fans – industrial fans related to processing of non-liquids.
Compressors, blowers and expanders hereunder are intended to provide codes for individual items of
equipment which form part of process systems and which may be purchased individually or as packages.
Due to varying practice, the drivers for COR ERK components may be purchased separately, i.e. not together
with the driven unit. In this case COR ERK codes apply for the driven unit and COR ERD for the drivers.
In the case of a packaged solution, COR ERKK applies for compressors with gas turbine drivers (sets). For
other packaged units with e.g. compressor/blower and driver, COR ERKX applies.
Some particular references: Blowers/fans for HVAC include both driven units and drivers, and are to be COR
coded under EGGH. Compressors (incl. motor) in refrigeration systems are to be coded under respective
system equipment E code; e.g. compressors in refrigeration and freezing system for provisions, are to be
COR coded under EAAR.
COR ERK equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERKA Centrifugal compressors
Centrifugal compressors are single- or multi-stage compression units used for progressive compression of
gasses/air to higher pressures, typically in gas recompression systems, gas compression within pipeline
systems and/or compression for export.
Centrifugal compressors herein comprise such as
 casing,

 diaphragms,
 impeller,
 seals/packings,
 bearings and bearing housings,
 baffles,
 inlet nozzles,
 discharge connections and compressor auxiliaries.
ERKB Reciprocating compressors
Reciprocating compressors are positive displacement compressors, which may be single or multi-stage units
used for compression of gas/vapours/air and comprise of such as
 casings,
 crankshaft and bearings,
 connecting rods,
 cylinders and pistons,
 valves,
 lube systems,
 manifolds and inlet/discharge sections.
ERKC Screw/rotary compressors
Includes compressors of screw or rotary type:
 screw compressors – used where high performance/small volume compression is required. Screw
compressors comprise of such as
 casings,
 rotating screws,
 screw shafts,
 bearings,
 seals and inlet/discharge sections.
 rotary compressors – compressors other than screw compressors, which have variable voids for
compression of air/vapour/gases.
ERKD Axial compressors
Axial compressors are multi-stage compression units for compression of large volumes of gases/vapours/air
to required pressures.
Axial compressors are driven turbine units, which comprise such as
 housing/casing with supports,

 a series of fixed stator blades,
 a rotor assembly with rotor blades,
 bearings,
 lube connections and inlet/discharge sections.
ERKE Fans
Fans – axial and/or centrifugal fans – hereunder relate to fans used in industrial processes requiring forced or
induced airflow:
 centrifugal fans – normally the primary fan units used in industrial processes requiring air:
 for drying,
 to support combustion in kilns/furnaces,
 for curing/baking materials in kilns
 for pollution control systems,
 for forced air feed to cyclones, to filters, etc.

 axial fans – industrial fan units for air supply or extraction in process and/or utility plant ducting systems
and supply/extract systems in tunnels.
Fans hereunder do not include HVAC fans which are separately coded (see COR EGGH).
ERKF Blowers
Includes single stage impeller blowers – used to increase air supply to engines/furnaces/boilers/hearths/kilns
to increase and enhance combustion. The units comprises such as
 casing/housing,
 shaft assembly with impeller and bearings,
 impeller housing,
 inlet/discharge guides/vanes/connections and controls.
ERKH Expanders
Includes turbo-expanders – used in gas processes. The unit reduces feed pressure to design demethaniser
pressure in a near isentropic expansion, efficiently cools gas to demethaniser temperature and delivers shaft
work to the compressor for partial recompression of sales gas. (Turbine or engine-driven compressors are
used for final recompression).
ERKJ Diaphragm compressors
Diaphragm compressors are used for special purpose services requiring small volumes and low pressure.
The dual function unit may serve as a compressor e.g. for dosing of additives, or act on the vacuum side for
e.g. extraction in connection with analysis.
The pulsating movement of an elastomeric membrane achieves the pressure change.
The diaphragm compressor is always delivered with driver (integrated unit), and the unit consists of such as
 driver,
 housing/casing with supports,
 internal piston/cylinder and eccentrics,
 membrane,
 bearings,
 valves and inlet/discharge sections.
ERKK Compressors/gas turbine driver sets
This code includes major compressors with gas turbine drivers (in sets); a solution widely applied for oil and
gas facilities.
The sets are often delivered on a base plate with accessories. As the sets have a package character, it is
difficult to define the total set components. This is due to different designs and varying purchasing strategy
and requirements.
Compressor packages with other driver types are to be COR coded under ERKX.
ERKX Other compressor, blower and expander packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups of COR ERK type equipment delivered from
items of equipment for incorporation in the facilities.
ERKZ Other compressors, blowers and expanders
This code includes other types of compressors, blowers and expanders not defined elsewhere under
COR ERK, which are purchased from vendors/manufacturers as individual items of equipment for

ERM Material and product handling equipment
Material and product handling equipment defined herein relates to equipment primarily used for
 material movement loading/discharging and handling,

 personnel movement/transport,
 maintenance, repair and movement of permanently installed equipment/items.
The equipment hereunder may be purchased as individual items of equipment or have a more packaged
character.
Some particular references: feeders, elevators, conveyors, etc. for solids (e.g. processed bulks), see codes
under COR ERN.
COR ERM equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERMA Pedestal cranes
Pedestal cranes are slewing/revolving cranes placed on fabricated steel pedestals/columns, which are placed
on/within/or incorporated in deck structures/piers/jetties.
Pedestal cranes are typically used for platform service – movement of material onboard and offloading of
material delivered by supply vessels. Pedestal cranes may be electrically and/or hydraulically
operated/powered, and the cranes normally range from 6 to 50 tonnes lifting capacity.
Materials for support of pedestal cranes (e.g. in the deck and not part of crane manufacturer's delivery) are to
be COR coded under BNA.
ERMB Hoists and trolleys
Hoists and trolleys are used for movement of material supplies and equipment for maintenance purposes
within process related facilities.
Hoists – are used for raising and lowering of materials/machinery from one level to another, through decks
and floors. Hoists may range from small manual chain hoists to larger electrical/hydraulic/air driven units with
separate supporting columns, beams and slewing arm/support structures. Hoists hereunder include the
hoisting unit, driver/s, reducer/s, couplings and separate hoist support structure.
Trolleys – are used for horizontal movement of materials/machinery upon decks/floors. Trolleys consist of a
fabricated base/frame equipped with wheels, and/or rail systems where applicable. Trolleys are not equipped
with separate driver units, though are moved by cables/brakes and winch systems, or manually moved.
ERMC Elevators, escalators and lifts
Elevators, escalators and lifts – are used for lifting/lowering goods and personnel from one elevation to
another. May be enclosed within lift shafts, internally within buildings/structures or externally mounted.
The units comprise such as
 lift unit/capsule/platform/compartment,
 separate (non-integrated) lift shaft,
 cables and winches,
 hydraulic rams,
 braking systems and controls.
This code also covers industrial raisers – used temporarily during construction for raising/lowering goods and
personnel, normally external to buildings/structures/facilities and comprises such as
 raiser tower structure,

 cage unit,
 gearing system,
 driver,

 brakes and control system.
ERMD Trucks, carts, forklifts, etc.
Includes stransport equipment like:
 forklifts – used for transporting pallets/containers/bins etc. from one area to another and for
raising/lowering from storage racks. These may be electric/diesel or LPG driven,
 carts – articulated wheeled carriages/trailers without driving units, used to load/carry material or
equipment from one location to another,
 trucks – flat top bed truck normally over 1 tonne capacity used for movement of goods/materials and/or
personnel from one location to another.
ERME Mobile cranes
Includes all forms and types of mobile cranes purchased for and which form part of the plant/process
facilities‟ production and operations equipment. Includes track type cranes and wheel type cranes complete
with booms and jibs.
ERMF Overhead cranes
Overhead cranes/overhead travelling bridge cranes – herein include all types and forms of electric overhead
travelling cranes which form part of the permanent facilities, and which are used for production and operation
of plants/facilities.
Overhead cranes comprise such as
 main crane bridge with bogies/rails and longitudinal drivers,

 transverse travelling trolley and driving system,
 the hoisting mechanism,
 cables, controls and operating enclosure.
ERMG Railroad and road loading equipment
Railroad and road loading equipment includes equipment for loading and discharging solids/liquids at export
and receiving facilities. Included hereunder are
 portal cranes – overhead travelling cranes placed on portal supports which extend across truck/wagons
beds for lifting/movement of containers/sacks/bins, etc.,
 loading system equipment – comprising
 storage bins,
 surge bins,
 hoppers and related loading/unloading conveyors.
 discharging system equipment – comprising
 equipment to collect bottom dumped/turned over solids for storage and distribution,
 equipment for receiving liquids from railcars/tankwagons tanks/piping systems for transfer to storage
systems.
ERMH Workshop machines
Includes workshop machines for maintenance and repair of the facility. The machines are normally delivered
by specialised manufacturers, and include such as
 machines in mechanical workshop, e.g.: cleaning machines/stations, grit-blasting cabinets, etc.,

 machines in machine workshop, e.g.: lathes, milling machines, grinding machines, drilling machines,
cutting/sawing machines, planing/shaping machines, presses, pipe bender, etc.,
 machines in welding workshop, e.g.: electrode heating cabinet and drying oven, welding machines,
cutters, grinders, etc.,
 machines in PSV workshop: polishing machines, etc.,
 workshop machines located elsewhere.

Standard outfitting (shelves, work benches, bins, lockers, etc.) and furniture in workshops, laboratories and
workshop offices are to be COR coded under BCE.
ERMK Winches
Used for pulling of trolleys, plant and equipment, machinery and/or materials.
Winches may be hydraulic/air or electrically driven and comprise normally of
 winch drum,
 chains/cables,
 stoppers,
 gearing system,
 driver,
 braking system,
 mounting base/frame.
For mooring winches, see COR EVYJ.
ERMQ Packing, calibrating and measurement equipment
Packing/calibrating and measurement equipment comprises equipment for
 packing,
 weighing,
 calibrating and measurement
of processed bulk material for further export.
Included is bag/sack/container combined with filling, vibrating scales/volumetric measurement systems.
Feeder system equipment which include tanks/bins/hoppers/chutes and conveyors are not included herein –
see COR ERN and ERT. For vibrating, displacement measuring systems equipment, see COR EJJY.
ERMR Weighing screws
Weighing screws which may form part of packing/calibrating and measurement equipment or
conveyor/feeder systems used for weighing of materials, directly or by calibrated volumetric flow.
For weight scales, see COR EJJV.
ERMU Product loading and vapour return arms
Product loading and vapour return arms are part of systems designed for loading/unloading of gaseous or
liquid stocks and/or vapour return at quays, rail and/or road terminals (hose loading stations).
The equipment delivery may have a "package character" and may comprise
 arm structures/portals/supports/booms,
 lifting/lowering/movement and connection system,
 part of product transfer piping,
 part of vapour return piping,
 hoses and fittings.
ERMV Gantry and portal cranes
Gantry/portal cranes – used for material handling and operation of plants/facilities (e.g. for turrets). The
cranes are similar to overhead travelling bridge cranes, normally electrically operated, and comprise such as
 main crane bridge,

 transverse travelling trolley and driving system,
 the hoisting mechanism,

 cables (on the crane),

 controls and operating enclosure,
 portal frames which support the elevated main crane bridge,
 boogies/rails at the portal frame base for longitudinal travel.
For portal cranes in connection with railroad and road loading, see COR ERMG.
ERMX Other material and product handling equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups/assemblies of equipment of COR ERM type
delivered by vendors/manufacturers, purchased as complete functional packages that may comprise several
of the above items for incorporation into the facilities.
ERMZ Other material and product handling equipment
Includes other types of material and product handling equipment not included elsewhere under COR ERM,
purchased from vendors/manufacturers as individual items of equipment for incorporation into the facilities.
ERN Mechanical equipment – solids
Mechanical equipment used in connection with solid materials – i.e. for such as: size reduction, conveying,
grinding/milling, screening, classifying, feeding, blending, sifting and collection – all most relevant for onshore
plants.
Some of the equipment hereunder consists of several items/units thus constituting an entity more like a
system/package.
Some particular references: For railroad and road loading equipment for solids, see COR ERMG. For
packing, calibrating and measurement equipment for processed bulk, see COR ERMQ. For weighing screws
for solids, see COR ERMR. For equipment related to provisions and food processing, see under COR EAA.
COR ERN equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERNA Belt conveyors
Includes all manufactured/fabricated/assembled material/components and services for belt conveyor units,
hereunder:
 pulleys:
 screw take-up;
 snub;
 bend;
 tail;
 gravity take-up and head pulley.
 idlers:
 troughing;
 return;
 self-aligning and impact.
 holdbacks, brakes and belt scrapers;
 structural components:
 stringers;
 supports and braces;
 A-frames;
 walkways;
 take-up towers;
 legs;
 conveyor frames/trusses;
 covers;
 head chutes;
 tail chutes and hoppers.
 head pulley electric driver, reducer, base plate and couplings;

 conveyor electric‟s (on the machinery):

 tripping switches;
 cabling and lighting.
 conveyors belt and belt splicing.
ERNB Bucket elevators
Includes manufactured/fabricated bucket elevators, used for raising material from feeders via a series of
fixed buckets rotating around head/tail shafts and discharging to higher levels. Elevators may be chain or belt
driven and are normally fully enclosed. Bucket elevators include components such as
 chute sections; plated steel fabricated sections into head, tail, standard and infills,
 head pulley/shaft electric driver, reducer, base plate and coupling,
 buckets, pulleys, chains/belts, sprockets/hubs, shafts and take-ups.
ERNC Screw conveyors/reeders
Screw conveyors/feeders are manufactured enclosed units with driven rotating internal screws to raise
stockpiled materials at vertical inclination to higher levels for loading/discharging to other
transporters/processes. Screw conveyor components include such as
 drive assembly:
 electric driver;
 reducer and coupling;
 head and tail bearings and supports.
 A-frames;
 flange feet/saddles;
 conveyor trough and cover;
 inlet flanges and spouts.
ERND Tube-flo conveyors
Tube-flo Conveyors are medium to small diameter tubular conveying units, which consist of a driven linked
chain to which circular discs are connected. The material is conveyed in voids between moving discs. The
conveyor components include such as
 drive box with:

 reducer and couplings.
 chain and discs,
 inlet boxes with:
 discharge gates and inspection hatches.
 tubing system:
 straight tubes;
 bends;
 coupling and support clamps.
ERNE Multi-flo conveyors
Multi-flo conveyors are smaller general-purpose conveyors used for inclined raising of material from
feeders/hoppers/bins. The system consists of a driven chain to which flights at different chain pitches are
connected. Flights are near semi-circular plates, which fit into troughing sections. The material is transported
in voids between flights. Multi-flo conveyor components include such as
 driver:
 reducer and couplings.
 chain and flights,

 tail section;
 head section;
 intermediate sections and make-up sections;
 A-frames;
 supports;
 braces and accesses.
ERNF Jaw crushers
Includes eccentric and rotating jaw crushers as follows:
 eccentric jaw crusher – designed for primary and secondary crushing of e.g. rocks/ores, where an
eccentric driven shaft moves one jaw/wearplate towards a fixed jaw/wearplate. The jaws are vertically
troughed, and with continual movement the jaws crushes material to screen sizes, which exits the base
of the jaw crusher;
 rotary jaw crusher – designed for primary crushing of e.g. rocks and/or ores. The material is discharged
into the crusher pit where a rotating center section breaks/crushes the material to size, for later
secondary/tertiary crushing.
ERNG Impact breakers
Impact breakers are designed for primary and secondary breaking of non-abrasive quarry rocks or similar
material. Impact Breakers may be single or dual roll types. Oversized rock is passed into the breaker above
rotors/hammers, where successive hammering throws screenings through discharge screens.
ERNH Twin rotor impactors
Twin rotor impactors are similar to impact breakers, but are used for size reduction of homogenous
sedimentary material – clays, shales, and sandstones. Rotor shafts are equipped with hammers, which
reduce the material to size.
ERNI Granulators
Ring type granulators are used for crushing bituminous/sub-bituminous coals, lignite, chemicals and medium
hard minerals. The ring granulator consists of a shaft driven rotor assembly to which suspension shafts and
crushing discs are attached. With the rotation of the rotor assembly, crushing discs roll above screen bars
and progressively crush material, which exits below the granulator.
ERNJ Gravity impact crushers
This type crusher is a large rotating horizontal cylinder lined internally with screens. Under rotation the
material is crushed, and under gravity impact undersized material is passed through the screens and exits to
transporters under the crusher. Lifting shelves and deflectors as rejects discharges oversize. Feeding is
through the centre of the crusher.
ERNK Hammermills
Hammermills are in every respect similar to impact breakers and are used for the same purposes. The main
difference is that a series of hammers are connected to the rotor assembly. The hammers break the material
to size.
ERNL Reversible impactors
Reversible impactors are used for secondary and tertiary crushing of stone, cement rock, aggregate, mineral
ores and chemicals. Reversible iImpactors are similar to hammermills; the impactors has a rotor shaft
assembly to which is attached a series of impact hammers. Size reduction is achieved by the rotor assembly
rotation and chamber mounted breaker blocks, which allow undersize to screening to bypass. Reversibility is
required when jamming occurs.

ERNM Roll crushers
Roll crushers are used for size reduction of coal and friable materials. The material is simply reduced to size
by the rotation of a roll shaft; a forged steel shaft with formed teeth acting against wear plates.
ERNN Rod and ball mills
Includes rod and ball mills as follows:

 rod mill – used for size reduction/grinding of hard materials, similar to a gravity impact crusher. The mill is
equipped with a number of solid steel rods, which exert gravity impact reduction on the material;
 ball mill – similar to rod mill, though uses large steel balls for size reduction under gravity impact on the
material.
ERNO Vibrating packers
Vibrating packers are designed for manual packing of dry materials into containers. The packer is simply a
vibrating base plate, which allows maximum packing of dry bulk material into minimum container space.
ERNP Vibrating screens
Vibrating screens are used for classifying materials after size reduction from secondary and tertiary crushing.
Screens are inclined and elevated and may be arranged in single, double or triple decks. The feed passes
through feed chutes onto the screen decks. The vibrating action is maintained by a vibrating unit and spring
mountings. Oversize material passes over the decks for reject, and screened materials are discharged onto
conveyors for transport.
ERNR Fines sifters and screens
Included is the following equipment:
 pressure sifters – are used for classifying very fine materials. A sifter contains a series of fine
screens/sieves and trays and operates under pressure;
 rotary screens – are used in chemical industries. The screens are internally mounted within dust tight
boxes, and the screens may contain up to six sieves. The feed passes through the screen box top onto
the rotating screens. The material is progressively sifted outwardly to discharges.
ERNS Blenders
Includes blenders like
 auger blenders – rotating augers, which blend two or more dry materials – consist of casing, driver,
reducer, casing, chutes and rotating augers,
 rotary drum blenders – drum type units for blending dry or semi dry materials. When the drum rotates,
scoops within the drum blend the material. The blending does not cause size reduction.
ERNT Bin activators
Bin activators – vibrating bin discharge units placed below bins and hoppers, for providing positive continuous
flow of dry materials to other transporters.
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups of COR ERN type equipment or equipment
assemblies delivered by manufacturers/vendors, purchased as complete functional packages that may
comprise several of the above items for incorporation into the facilities.
ERNZ Other solids mechanical equipment
Includes other COR ERN type equipment not included elsewhere under COR ERN which are purchased from
manufacturers as individual items of equipment for incorporation into the facilities.

ERP Pumps
Pumps defined herein relate to all types and forms of pumps required in facility systems to transfer
liquids/liquid slurry within/or from one system to another.
Pumps hereunder are normally delivered from manufacturers/vendors as complete functional pumping units,
which comprise
 casings,
 couplings,
 drivers (normally electric motors),
 base plate/skids.
Some particular references: Pumps may be a part of complete package units covered elsewhere under COR
E codes, and for these the COR codes for the package unit apply. For firewater pump package, see COR
ERPJ.
Pumps are subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERPA Centrifugal pumps
Centrifugal pumps are commonly used in offshore facilities and industrial processing, where high
pressure/high volume flows are required. Liquid pressure is increased by centrifugal force.
Types of centrifugal pumps are as follows:
 in-line process;
 chemical process;
 double suction;
 multi-stage;
 vertical turbine.
Centrifugal pumps comprise such as
 pump casing,
 impellers and shaft,
 bearings,
 stuffing/packing boxes,
 nozzles/diffusers,
 piping – inlet/discharge sections,
 couplings,
 motor,
 skid/base plate support.
ERPB Reciprocating pumps
Reciprocating pumps are positive displacement pumps, which may be single or multi-stage units.
Reciprocating pumps comprise such as
 casing(s),
 crankshaft(s),
 bearings,
 cylinders/pistons,
 valves,
 lubrication units,
 packing/stuffing boxes and seals,
 inlet/discharge sections,
 couplings,
 transmission,
 motor,

ERPC Rotary pumps
Rotary pumps comprise a series of special purpose units, typically with few rotating parts.
Types of rotary pumps are
 three-lobe,
 four lobe,
 sliding vane.
Rotary pumps comprise such as
 pump casings,
 shaft(s) and lobes or sliding vane unit,
 couplings,
 transmission,
 motor,
ERPD Special metering pumps
Special metering pumps include units, which both pump and measure flow and are used for different
purposes like
 fuel loading pumps (diesel/petrol etc.),

 chemical injection/dosing pumps.
The pumps hereunder comprise such as
 pump unit (incl. motor),

 metering unit,
 piping/pipe fittings and valves,
 filters,
 hoses,
 structural units to house pump/meter units.
ERPE Gear pumps
Gear pumps are rotary pumps used for small volume flows requiring high-pressure liquid feed. Types of gear
pumps are: external gear and internal gear, and these comprise of such as
 pump casing(s),
 gears and gear shafts,
 bearings,
 stuffing boxes,
 couplings,
 transmission,
 motor,
ERPF Diaphragm pumps
Diaphragm pumps are used for special purpose duty; for pumping corrosive liquids/slurries, etc. The
pulsating movement of an elastomeric membrane achieves pressure increase. Diaphragm pumps comprise
such as
 pump casing/body,
 internal piston/cylinder,
 inlet and discharge sections and eccentrics, which regulate flow of motive fluids.

ERPG Screw pumps
Screw pumps are rotary pumps used for pumping dense liquids/slurries. Types of screw pumps are – single
screw and three-screw, and these comprise of such as
 pump casing/body screws and screw shaft(s),

 bearings,
 stuffing/packing boxes,
 couplings,
 transmission,
 motor,
ERPH Submerged pumps with non-submerged motors
A centrifugal pump placed within a sump. The pump unit-casing/impeller is submerged below liquid level. The
liquid level is maintained by a float-switch. The motor/driver unit is placed on supports above the sump and is
coupled to the impeller shaft by a connecting shaft.
Submerged pumps with non-submerged motors are used as e.g. bilge pumps and sump pumps, and
comprise such as
 submerged pump casing,

 impeller and shaft,
 bearings,
 packing/stuffing boxes,
 baseplate/supports,
 discharge column,
 connecting drive shaft,
 coupling,
 transmission,
 motor and motor base plates/supports.
ERPI Submerged pumps with submerged motors
A centrifugal/turbine type pump assembly, which is completely submerged, and is used where other pumps
can not facilitate the required pumping services.
Submerged pumps with submerged motors are used for ballast water, seawater lift and dewatering or other
liquid extraction services, and comprise such as
 submerged pump and motor with housing,

 inlet strainer/filter,
 impeller bowls and impeller shaft.
ERPJ Fire water pump package
Included is fire water pump package, i.e. pump, driver (e.g. diesel engine), equipment, bulk and accessories
– all combined into a package for fire water supply – normally delivered by specialist supplier/manufacturer.
As package design – as well as purchasing strategy and requirements – may vary, it is difficult and
unpractical to define the total package content.
ERPX Other pump packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other pumps, etc. delivered from suppliers/manufacturers and
purchased as complete functional pump packages that may comprise several of the above items of
equipment, for incorporation into the facilities.

ERPZ Other pumps
Includes all other pumps not previously listed under COR ERP, which is purchased from
vendors/manufacturers as individual items of equipment, for incorporation into the facilities.
ERT Storage tanks/containment equipment – atmospheric
Storage tanks/containment equipment defined hereunder relate to all types of atmospheric
 tanks,
 hoppers,
 mud pits/pits,
 sumps,
 bins and containers.
Used for storage of product and/or for product transfer.
Some particular references: For pressurised vessels and columns, see COR ERV. Tanks integrated in the
structure are to be regarded as structure; e.g. steel tank plating for integrated ship hull tanks is to be COR
coded under BN.
ET type equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERTA Storage tanks – cylindric
Include single or double walled storage facilities for all types of atmospheric storage services and which are
grouped into
 cone roof storage tanks – normally standard designs comprising of a fabricated, delivered, erected and
outfitted tank(s) placed on foundations prepared by others.
The tanks consist of
 steel shell plates and structurals,

 tank bottom plates,
 fixed cone roof plates.
Tank outfitting includes
 manways,
 stairways,
 vents,
 inlet/outlet – flanges/devices,
 gauges,
 manholes,
 sumps and level/flow control systems.
 Floating roof storage tanks – normally standard designs (API-650 or similar) comprising of a fabricated,
delivered, erected and outfitted tank(s) placed on foundations prepared by others.
The tanks consist of
 steel shell plates and structurals,

 tank bottom plates,
 floating pontoon roof.
Outfitting of roofs comprises
 manways,
 roof drains,
 hatches/wells,

 anti-rotation devices,
 seals/shoes,
 vents and roof support legs.
Outfitting of tanks comprises
 manways,
 inlets/outlets,
 stairways,
 vents,
 gauges,
 manholes,
 sumps and level/flow devices.
 Other cylindrical atmospheric storage tanks – hemispheric tanks and dome tanks.
ERTB Storage tanks – rectangular
Includes tanks of the following types:
 atmospheric storage tanks, which are fabricated, delivered and erected on prepared foundations. The
storage tanks are rectangular or cubic and may be fabricated from stiffened steel plate, alloys, aluminum
or glass reinforced plastics, used for storage of minor quantities of liquids or where plant layout
considerations dictate rectangular (regular or irregular) storage tanks;
 storage tanks which are non-cylindrical and which may form part of vessel/facility structures‟ – water
storage, day tanks, fuel storage, etc.
Tank structure/structurals often form part of structure/structural quantities.
ERTE Hoppers
Hoppers are storage bins/silos constructed in steel or concrete and used for temporary holding of solids/dry
materials prior to discharge to other systems. Hoppers may be used as surge bins to regulate material flow
from an irregular supplier to provide a regulated discharge flow.
ERTF Mud pits
Mud pits include for
 offshore drilling; containment pits for spent, returned and treated mud,
 onshore drilling; an excavated, lined open pit used to contain spent, returned and treated mud (may be
civil works operation).
ERTG Sumps
Fabricated steel structures, placed/installed/erected at the lowest level of tanks/bins/structures/vessels, which

allow complete collection and drainage.
Sumps may form part of/or be integrated within steel structures.
ERTJ Bins
Fabricated steel storage bins used for storing solids, liquids, slurries, dry chemicals and other, prior to mixing
or dosing.
ERTK Containers
Includes workshop containers and all containers used for storage of equipment, material, goods and tools,
etc.

ERTR Refrigerated storage tanks
Insulated storage tanks used for storage of liquid products at atmospheric pressure, which maintain
atmospheric pressure by low temperature product storage. Boiled off vapours are reliquefacted/recycled.
ERTZ Other tanks
Includes all other tanks/units not included elsewhere under COR ERT, which stores or contains
products/materials at atmospheric pressure, for incorporation into the facilities.
ERV Vessels and columns – pressurised
Pressurised vessels and columns included hereunder relate to
 vessels, columns and agitators which perform continuous flow process functions like separation,
fractionation, reaction and distillation,
 vessels, columns/towers which condition gas/fluids prior to further processing,
 drums, tanks and mixers which support and form part of the process system,
 holders, spheres, bottles, units and tanks used for pressure storage.
Some particular references: For heaters and boilers, see COR ERF. For atmospheric tanks, see COR ERT.
For misc. packaged units, see COR ERX.
Vessels and columns – pressurised are subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERVA Separators
Separators are fabricated pressure vessels used for separating process streams, which contain several
components of different gravity. Types are
 horizontal separators – may be two phase (oil/gas) or three phase (oil/gas/water) and are typically used in
the main processing separation trains for separating oil/NGL from gas and water,
 vertical separators – may be two phase or three phase and are used for the same purpose as horizontal
separators. These are used where layout considerations/movement characteristics/stream compositions
dictate use of vertical type separators. Not commonly used within offshore processing facilities.
Separators comprise
 cylindrical shells,
 heads,
 process stream inlets,
 vapour/gas outlets,
 oil/NGL outlets,
 impingement baffles,
 manways/holes,
 skirts/shoes.
See also under other COR ERV codes for other units having a separating function.
ERVB Contactors
An absorption tower/column, which forms part of gas dehydration systems used to reduce the dew point of
gas in a gas treatment plant. The contacting agent enters through the top of the column and contacts the
rising gas thus removing the water in the gas stream.
Contactors comprise
 cylindrical shell,
 heads,
 contacting agent inlet,
 dry gas outlet,

 liquid outlet,
 liquid distributor,
 bed, manways/holes and skirts.
ERVC Regenerators
Agent regenerators – reboiler/regeneration vessels, which remove absorbed water from the agent.
Regenerators comprise
 reboiler/regeneration vessel,
 heating coils/heating medium supply,
 the agent – still with installed reboiling coils,
 the still stack structure,
 water vapour outlet,
 agent inlets/outlets,
 manways in vessels,
 support skirts and shoes.
ERVD Settling tanks, knock-out drums and flash drums
Includes separators which operate at a lower pressure and which are related to systems other than for main
process separation, i.e.:
 knock-out drum – a horizontal or vertical separator used to separate oil from gas by gravity. Oil and gas
enter the knock-out drum where the denser oil is taken off at the bottom of the drum. The lighter gasses
are flashed off from the top of the drum;
 flash drum – a drum or tower into which the heated outlet products of a preheater, exchanger system or
conductor often go to release pressure. The purpose is to allow vaporisation and separation of the
volatile portions for fractionation elsewhere.
Knock-out drums and flash drums comprise
 heads,
 nozzles,
 manways,
 skirts or saddles,
 base rings,
 lugs, insulation and tray support.
 Settling tanks/drums – tanks or enclosed pits which are pressurized in which materials/products e.g.
slurries, with different densities are allowed to separate and settle by residence and gravity.
Settling tanks/drums may be cylindrical or rectangular and comprise of the drum structure-cylindrical or
rectangular or other – inlets/outlets, manways and support structures.
ERVE Columns/towers
Columns/towers hereunder are used for product separation/fractionation, by adsorption, absorption and
distillation:
 distillation columns/tower – the primary process unit used in the treatment of crude oil in a refinery in
which no change in the chemical properties of the hydrocarbons take place. Fractional distillation is the
standard method. Vacuum distillation enables selective fractions to be extracted which have narrow
boiling point ranges and which are drawn off at various stages during distillation.
The complete distillation column/tower comprises
 column – cylindrical shell, heads, nozzles, manways, base rings, lugs insulation, skirt and tray
support,

 column trays – (see COR ERCL),

 condenser – unit which constantly condense vapours and return liquid to lower levels of the tower,
 reboiler – an auxiliary of the tower designed to supply additional heat to the lower portion of the
tower, preheat it by means of heat exchange the vapours (see COR ERHI). Residual liquid is
separated or reinforced into the tower.
 packed column/tower – columns used in processes for absorption and adsorption and extraction of
containments/acid gases and other from the process stream. Packed/fixed beds, sieves are
installed/placed within columns. The beds require regeneration of absorbents/adsorbents to maintain
required throughput and outlet product specification.
The complete packed column/tower comprise
 columns shell – cylindrical shell, heads, nozzles, manways, base rings, lugs, insulation, skirt and
tray support,
 column trays – (see COR ERCL),
 column packing,
 combination tower – a tower designed for both flashing and fractionating operations.
For cooling towers, see COR ERXI. For columns/towers in connection with cracking, etc., see the following
code.
ERVF Reactors
Includes columns/towers/vessels in which all or at least the major part of a reaction or conversion takes
place:
 in catalytic cracking – the enlarged space in which hot oil is contacted and cracked with the catalyst, to
make gasoline cuts and enables higher yields to be obtained than is possible by distillation. Catalytic
cracking is a secondary refinery process in which a high boiling point feedstock is decomposed by
heating and reaction with a catalyst to produce a more volatile product. Catalytic cracking is a basic
process and a source of high-grade gasoline and olefins. The process gives a higher yield of lighter
fractions than is possible by primary distillation or thermal cracking;
 in isomerisation – the vessel containing catalyst in which the hydrocarbon is isomerized. Isomerisation is
understood as a restructuring of feed molecules into different spatial configuration resulting in higher
octane number ratings;
 in alkylation plants – the vessel containing emulsified acid in which most of the alkylation occurs.
Alkylation is the formation of a new substance, by replacing an atom of hydrogen in a compound, with an
alkyl. Alkylation serves to reduce the polluting effect of motor vehicle exhaust gases, caused by burning
olefins.
ERVG Scrubbers
Equipment units used for separation/cleaning:
 scrubbers – are vertical separators used to scrub/separate vapours/saturated gases. Gases enter an
inlet, the rising gas/vapour is passed through demister sieves/filter where dense vapours/liquids are
separated and fall to liquid containment. The dry/dryer gas passes through the outlet for further
handling/processing/consumption;
 scrubbers – used for separation of containments in gas/air streams, use the same principle described
above, used for cleaning prior to emission;
 scrubbers – a unit cleaning natural or artificial gas by removing undesirable substances such as sulphur
compounds, ammonia, carbon, etc. Hydrogen sulphide is removed by washing gas in a scrubber
containing soda ash or lime, or filtering gas through a mixture of ferrous and calcium hydroxide made
porous.
ERVH Deaerators
Deaerators – form part of e.g. the water injection system and are vertical cylindrical vessels/columns/towers
which are designed to operate under vacuum to extract air/oxygen from produced water and/or seawater
prior to injection into reservoirs or process systems. Vacuum is created by sets of deaerator vacuum pumps.

Deaerators comprise
 heads,
 support skirts,
 water inlet from water filters,
 suction outlet at deaerator top to extract air,
 deaerated water outlet at base of column prior to oxygen scavenge/biocide dosing/injection into
deaerated water.
ERVJ Coalescers
Coalescers/de-emulsifiers/dehydrators are horizontal separators placed after the last stage separator of the
main oil/gas separation train to remove water by coalescence; the linking of globules in an emulsion caused
by molecular attraction of the surfaces where globules combine and form one body. Separation is achieved
by use of filters, electrostatic or by chemical affinity. The major coalescer types are
 filter separator coalescer – comprises large surface area wettable packing through which liquids
coalesce, consolidate and separate out by gravity,
 electrostatic coalescer – comprises of electrode plates, transformer distributor by which liquids coalesce,
consolidate and separate.
Coalescers comprise
 heads,
 support saddles,
 inlet from last stage separator,
 outlet for coalesced water,
 outlet for oil.
ERVK Dryers
This code covers
 packed towers/columns with desiccant absorbent dryer beds, packed within towers/columns used for
gas drying, conditioning and treatment. The units comprise
 heads,
 support skirts,
 gas inlet,
 dry gas outlet,
 packers/tray supports,
 liquid outlet,
 manways.
 Other types of pressurised vessels and columns used for drying, extraction and treatment.
ERVL Receiver and surge drums, expansion – head tanks
Included hereunder are receiver drums, surge drums, expansion drums and header tanks, which operate
under pressure:
 receiver drums/surge drums – normally horizontal vessels used for receiving and temporary residence
storage of irregularly supplied volume flows. Liquids are further discharged at regulated flow rates to
other processes/systems;
 expansion drums/tanks – horizontal or vertical vessels which allow expansion/contraction resulting from
temperature variations. These are used in e.g. cooling and heating medium systems; i.e. as cooling
and/or heating medium expansion tanks.

The drums comprise
 heads,
 nozzles,
 manways,
 skirts/shoes,
 base rings lugs and insulation.
Header tanks – elevated cylindrical/spheroidal tanks, which may be pressurised and/or which provide header
pressure due to elevation. Stored liquids in tank provide a regulated pressurised distribution to consumers,
e.g. firewater header tanks, process water header tanks, etc.
The tanks comprise
 cylindrical shell/or other,

 heads,
 nozzles,
 manways,
 skirts/shoes,
 lugs and level control devices.
ERVP Gas holders
Gas holders – permanently installed holders/bottles/vessels for containment of industrial gases like LPG,
acetylene and other. Gas holders comprise
 manufactured bottles/vessels/holders,
 expansion systems,
 valves and fittings,
 metering/control devices.
See also separate COR codes for inert gas equipment.
ERVQ Spheres
This code covers spheres and spheroids:
 spheres – pressurized storage tanks used for produced product storage of LPG/NGL mixes. This tank
type is a perfect sphere normally fabricated in steel/alloyed steel and comprises
 sphere unit – plates,

 spiral stairway,
 sphere support legs/columns,
 manways,
 product inlet/discharge,
 pressure/volume control systems.
 spheroids – pressurized storage tanks used for storage of produced products. May be of self-carrying
plate shell structure design or of internally stiffened/supported shell structure design. Spheroids comprise
the same components as above and any internal structural supports required.
ERVS Tote tanks
Storage tanks/topping tanks which require intermittent topping due to consumption of the stored liquids. Tote
tanks are normally related to utility and support systems and comprise
 tank unit,
 inlet/discharge nozzles,
 supports and metering devices, e.g. methanol tote tanks.

ERVT Oxygen units
Permanently installed gas holders/bottles/units used to store oxygen for plant consumption. The units
comprise
 pressure holders/bottles/units,
 supports,
 volume/pressure controls,
 charging/discharging systems.
ERVU Hydrogen units
Permanently installed gas holders/bottles/units used to store hydrogen for plant consumption. The units
comprise
 supports,
ERVV Inert gas units
Permanently installed gas holders/bottles/units used to store inert gas for plant consumption. The units
comprise
 supports,
For inert gas equipment/generator package in connection with safety/firefighting, see COR ESSH/ESSI.
ERVW Condensate control drums
Horizontal or vertical vessels – impingement separators used for stripping saturated gas streams into gas
and liquid condensate. The drums comprise
 heads,
 gas inlet,
 stripping vanes,
 stripped gas outlet,
 vane tray/supports,
 condensate outlet,
 drain,
 manways,
 skirts/shoes,
 base rings and lugs.
ERVX Other vessel – and column packages
Includes other vessel and column packages, i.e. units which are manufactured, delivered, erected, installed,
trayed/packed and tested as complete functional units/packages, other than previously listed under COR
ERV codes.
ERVZ Other vessels and columns
Includes other pressurised vessels, columns, holders and tanks not included elsewhere under COR ERV,
purchased as individual items of equipment for incorporation into the facilities.

ERX Miscellaneous package units
Packages hereunder relate to miscellaneous packages; i.e. packages not found relevant/correct to code
under other COR E codes. Packaged units are in general conventionally designed, manufactured, fabricated,
erected/assembled, tested and delivered by specialist contractors as completely self-contained functional
packaged units.
Due to the many and varied “packaged unit” system designs and configurations, and varying purchasing
strategy and requirements, packages below are impossible or unpractical to further define or describe to
meet any form of "standard package description".
The packages may thus comprise as applicable and as defined within other sections of the code of resource
(COR):
 equipment items;
 bulk materials;
 other resources – labour, design engineering, packing, freight and other associated resources with the
provision of packaged units.
In some recent floater projects small/medium sized modules – weighing hundreds of tonnes or more – have
been termed packages. These are placed as contracts – and not as purchase orders – and thus not relevant
for COR E coding.
Packages covered under COR ERX are subgrouped and coded as follows:
ERXA Oily water treatment packages
ERXD Fresh water maker packages
ERXE Potable water treatment packages
ERXF Sewage/waste water treatment packages
ERXG Catalyst packages
ERXH Helicopter fuel packages
ERXI Cooling towers
ERXJ Vacuum units packages
ERXQ Chemical treatment packages
ERXR Chemical injection packages
ERXU Nitrogen generation packages
ERXV Oxygen generation packages
ERXX Other misc. equipment packages
ES Safety/escape and firefighting equipment
Safety, escape and firefighting equipment defined herein relates to equipment used in the facilities for
 personnel safety and evacuation,

 firefighting and loss prevention.
COR ESS equipment has been reconciled with safety bulk (see COR BS) to reflect current company practice
and to avoid possible double coding of components.

Some particular references: For safety appliances, see COR BSB, e.g. for first aid outfitting, survival suites,
portable fire extinguishers, hydrants, hoses and hose reels, etc.
ESS Safety/escape and firefighting equipment
ESS type equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ESSA Lifeboats and davits
Lifeboats – include all types and forms used for personnel evacuation and safety; free fall lifeboats and non
free fall lifeboats, with davits – devices/structures with winches used for holding/lowering/raising lifeboats
from sea level – or supporting frames/guides for free fall lifeboat stations.
ESSB Pick-up boats and davits
Pick-up boats – or man-overboard boats – are smaller boats used in emergency situations, with davits –
devices/structures/systems used for holding/raising/lowering pick-up boats/man overboard boats.
ESSD Escape equipment
Included are escape devices – sky chutes/stockings for fall through escape, winches/lines and other to
enable escape from structures/buildings/facilities.
ESSF Ambulances
Equipped vehicles used in emergency situations to transport sick and injured to hospitals for further
treatment.
ESSG Firetrucks
Equipped vehicles – trucks/tenders used for extinguishing fires and rescue of personnel from endangered
areas.
ESSH Inert gas equipment
Inert gas equipment consists of stationary banks of bottles containing inert gas for fire fighting, which are
connected to the inert gas system and actuated from the fire and gas control system. The fire is extinguished
by introduction of the inert gas.
For inert gas units/bottles for plant consumption, see COR EDVV. For mobile fire extinguishers, see COR
ESSP.
ESSI Inert gas generator package
Included is inert gas generator package, which include equipment and bulk (may be discrete items covered
under COR ESS or other equipment) – all combined into package, normally delivered by specialist
supplier/manufacturer. As package design – as well as purchasing strategy and requirements – may vary, it
is difficult and unpractical to define the total package content.
ESSJ Fixed Foam Unit
Foam unit used for extinguishing fires using foams – Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF). The unit consists
of the AFFF foam unit, controls and connected hosereels.
ESSK Dual Agent Unit
Dual Agent Units are fire-extinguishing units which are equipped with both fire water hosereels and AFFF
hosereels in one combined unit, connected with controllers to supply piping system headers.

ESSL Dry Chemical Equipment
Dry chemical extinguishers (stationary) are used where inert gases/AFFF/water cannot be used to extinguish
fires – typically fires related to electrical systems where dry inert and non-conductive powders provide an
extinguishant.
Portable fire extinguishers are deemed to be COR coded under BSB. For mobile fire extinguishers, see COR
ESSP.
ESSM Fire water system equipment
Equipment related to the fire water system might include such as
 fire water pump units,

 fire water header tank,
 control and distribution,
 local controls and panels,
 fire and gas system controls related to the fire water system.
Firewater pump packages are deemed to be COR coded under ERPJ. For firewater monitors, see COR
ESSS.
ESSN Remote operated foam monitors
Monitors and control units for remote operation of the foam (AFFF) system through deluges/other systems.
ESSP Mobile fire extinguishers
Fire extinguishers hereunder relate to larger mobile bottle extinguisher units and trolleys, which are moved to
fire fronts.
The bottle units may contain
 powder,
 carbon dioxide,
 water,
 inert gas.
ESSS Fire water monitors (towers)
Included is safety equipment like
 monitors connected to the fire water system, for monitoring firewater supply and distribution from tanks,
dams, reservoirs, inlets to header tank/s, fire water header/ring main distribution system,
 observation towers for monitoring.
ESSW Rafts
Rafts used for life saving and personnel evacuation, include
 rigid rafts,
 inflatable rafts,
 self inflating rafts,
 floats, etc.
ESSX Other safety, escape and firefighting equipment packages
Includes other ESS type equipment packages not previously listed, i.e. equipment delivered from
manufacturers/vendors as complete functional packages that may comprise several of the above items of

For firewater pump package, see COR ERPJ.
ESSZ Other safety, escape and firefighting equipment
Includes other safety, escape and firefighting equipment not included elsewhere under COR ESS, purchased
from vendors/manufacturers/suppliers as individual items of equipment, for incorporation into the facilities.
ET Telecommunication equipment
Telecommunication equipment includes all equipment defined for communication services such as
 internal and external communication,

 telemetry.
 computerized systems and signal systems,
 navigation, radar,
 personnel registration,
 environment monitoring.
Conforming to the SCCS equipment definition, telecommunication equipment defined herein are
units/items/equipment which are especially fabricated/manufactured conforming normally to separate design
specifications or defined as equipment based on company practice. Some of the equipment may have a
package character.
Some particular references: For telecom items defined as bulks, see COR BT and particularly BTA for
telecom appliances and BTC for cabling between telecom equipment and components.
ETR Telecommunication equipment
Telecommunication equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
ETRA Public address and alarm system equipment
Included is system equipment for
 public address – local public address system for broadcasting messages and directives throughout
facilities and for broadcasting directives to personnel for general attention,
 alarm system – alarm system for distribution of visual/audible and other alarms and general
announcements, used during emergency situations.
ETRB SOLAS/GMDSS radio and general radio system equipment
 SOLAS radio – mandatory radio system conforming to the international convention for the safety of life at
sea (SOLAS); convention and statutory requirements. The SOLAS convention has been replaced by the
GMDSS convention (mandatory radio),
 general radio system – local plant/facilities radio systems, e.g. fireman‟s equipment and for support
services.
ETRC Closed circuit television system equipment
All closed circuit television (CCTV) system equipment with surveillance cameras, videos, monitors and
accessories used for surveillance of critical plant areas, of operations in general plant areas and offsites.
ETRD Drillers talk-back system equipment
Equipment for audible communication system used during drilling operations.
ETRE Entertainment system equipment

 cinema – projectors, speakers, etc., for playing recorded films,

 video – for recording/playing films,
 antenna system – for receiving satellite programs or similar and distribution throughout cable networks to
e.g. TVs/radios,
 audio systems for receiving/sending audio signals.
ETRF Distribution frames
Included are
 frames for cross connection of cables between central telecom. equipment and field equipment,
 distribution panels for distribution of telecommunication signals.
ETRG Emergency telephone
Mandatory telephone/system equipment required as a back-up system in the event of emergency situations
or power failure.
ETRH Office intercommunication system equipment
Includes intercom systems equipment providing local audible communication between offices and between
other areas.
Loudspeakers are deemed to be COR coded under BTA.
ETRI Crane telecom equipment
Dedicated telecom equipment enabling crane operators to communicate with such as: central control room,
ships and operators on deck.
ETRL Batteries and power supply
Important telecom systems are to be DC (direct current) powered directly from dedicated battery supplies.
Included are dedicated batteries with rectifier/inverter and shut-down facilities (dedicated UPS).
Telecom systems not made for DC powering are normally powered from the platform UPS power system; for
this UPS power system, see COR EEEQ.
ETRM Multiplexer and network switch
Included are multiplexer system equipment and network switches. The multiplexer enables effective and
flexible usage of available bandwidth on external communication connections.
ETRN Navigation, positioning and distance measuring equipment
Equipment for navigation, positioning and distance measuring includes all communication equipment
required related to vessel control and measuring systems for navigation and positioning.
For navigation devices (e.g. orientation lighting, for horns, etc.), see COR BTA.
ETRO Common telecom equipment
Included is equipment serving/supporting telecom systems (i.e. common for various telecom systems) such
as
 particular maintenance equipment for telecom systems off ordinary workshops,

 telecom surveillance system (TSS) equipment for central presentation of alarms,
 real time clock system equipment – allowing uniform timekeeping and clocking of the telecommunication
network systems.

ETRP PABX system equipment (including telephone)
The PABX system includes equipment, which provides internal/external switched line directed telephone
services. The system equipment includes handsets and exchange units.
ETRQ Data communication network equipment
Includes the central data communication network equipment/computers to link terminals, personal computers
and data peripherals together in a network. The network is interfaced and connected to the company
network.
ETRR Radar system equipment, marine and aviation
Includes equipment for maritime surveillance radar and radio beacon systems.
Navigation devices as: orientation lighting, foghorns, visual signals, transponders, etc. are deemed to be
coded under COR BTA.
ETRS Satellite and fibre-optical communication system equipment
Satellite communication systems equipment – includes; separate masts, parabolic antennas and satellite
senders and receivers. Included is also equipment for fibre-optical communication systems.
ETRT Telemetry system equipment
Equipment related to transmission of selected data from points of origin to distant terminals by radio link. The
system equipment comprises: connectors, antennas, senders/receivers for transmitting and receiving signals.
ETRU UHF/VHF radio (onboard)
Included hereunder are UHF/VHF radio systems equipment for transmitting and receiving audible signals
within plant/facilities – mobile radios and fixed radios.
For portable UHF/VHF radios and telephones, see COR BTA.
ETRV Personnel registration/paging/tracking system equipment
Equipment used for registration of personnel, paging systems and tracking systems to identify personnel
movement and location.
ETRW Environment monitoring system equipment
Equipment for environment monitoring systems, i.e. systems covering all types and forms of systems to
monitor environmental conditions; sea state wave monitors, temperature monitors for air/sea/water, as well
as monitors for air humidity, air pressure, emission and other environmental states.
ETRX Other telecom equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other telecom equipment/groups of equipment delivered from
vendors/manufacturers as complete functional packages that may comprise several of the previous items of
ETRY Temporary telecom equipment
Temporary telecom equipment – includes purchased or leased/hired for the construction and hook-up phases
for offshore and onshore facilities. I.e. equipment for temporary telecom systems like: PABX, PA networks
and other communication systems.
ETRZ Other telecom equipment
Includes other telecom equipment not included elsewhere under COR ETR, purchased as individual items of

EU Subsea equipment
Subsea equipment includes all manufactured/fabricated/machined equipment related to subsea development

where the wellheads are placed on the seabed.
Some particular references: For drilling equipment, see COR EDB. Downhole separators and pumps are
deemed to be coded under COR BDD. For wellhead equipment related to surface completion and "dry"
x-mas trees, see COR EDW. Subsea spare parts are to be coded under the code for the respective subsea
equipment requiring the spare parts.
EUU Subsea equipment
Subsea equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
EUUA Wellhead
The wellhead system equipment covers the wellhead housing with guide base, casing hangers, seal
assemblies and associated equipment.
EUUB Tubing hanger system equipment
The tubing hanger is used to suspend the production string (tubing) and is linked to the wellhead system.
EUUC X-mas tree system equipment
The X-mas tree system equipment consists of X-mas tree and tree cap. The X-mas tree consists of wellhead
connector, structural parts and intervention fixtures. It is also equipped with a wing outlet and a hub for
connection to the workover riser system.
The X-mas tree system controls production and injection wells.
EUUD Flow control (chokes, etc.)
Manifolded wells may require subsea chokes for well control. Subsea chokes may be integral or of insert
type, and are located on the X-mas tree or on the manifold. Special arrangements such as choke bridges
with connectors, devices such as flow bends, diverters and fixed chokes are also to be included under this
code.
EUUE Subsea station structure and appurtenances
Included is the subsea station structure purchased as a structural unit, with special equipment located on a
subsea structure such as hinge arrangements, connectors, locking and guiding devices, flooding system and
equipment fixtures. (E.g. like a HOST type subsea station structure).
Included hereunder is also the following station outfitting:
 equipment necessary for lifting operations such as padeyes, lifting frames, release mechanisms and
other devices;
 levelling and piling related equipment such as hydraulic jacks, swaging pieces and pile guides;
 electrical outfitting for ordinary electric power supply and control functions, with isolation valves,
connectors and cabling. ROV panels and subsea sensors may also be part of the installation.
For heavy-duty electric power distribution e.g. to subsea compressors, pumps and similar, see COR EUUO.
See also the following COR EUU codes for additional subsea station outfitting.
EUUF Protection structure
Includes protection structures for subsea stations, i.e. a structure to protect against dropped objects, anchor
chains, trawl gear etc. or any other damages. The protection structure may also be designed as fully
overtrawlable.

EUUG Pull-in and connection equipment
Equipment necessary to support and connect the flowline and control umbilical terminations to the subsea
structure. Pull-in and connection structural equipment consists of porches with pull-in funnels, guiding and
lock down devices and other types of anchoring and support equipment.
Included are also for diverless installations: hubs, seal plates and clamps used for tie-in of flowlines and
control umbilicals. For diver assisted tie-ins of flowlines, misalignment tolerant flanges are included under this
code.
For pipeline/umbilical end fittings, see COR EYC.
EUUH Manifold header, valves and piping
The manifold header with valves and piping is a fabricated assembly of carbon or duplex steel.
The manifold header may also consist of a valve block, with conduits and corresponding flanges for valves
and piping. The manifold and piping may be integrated into the structure or designed as a separate
retrievable module.
Valves may be manually, remotely or ROV-operated. They may be of the gate or ball valve type, and may be
conventional or of insert type.
EUUI Pigging facilities
Includes permanently installed equipment/facilities for pigging, such as pig-launcher/receiver entry

hubs/equipment and pigging crossover modules. Subsea pig-launchers and -receivers are run from a vessel
and connected to the corresponding equipment on the X-mas tree or manifold.
EUUJ BOP/BOP accumulator equipment
The blow out preventer (BOP) is a high-pressure valve assembly, which is usually hydraulically operated and
is fitted to the top of the casing. The BOP enables flow from the well to be controlled by the driller, preventing
downhole pressure from damaging formation(s) to reach the wellhead area where wellstream may endanger
personnel and equipment.
EUUK Topside control equipment
Includes control equipment installed on a platform, a production vessel or at an onshore facility. Surface
control equipment normally includes a control room (master control station) with equipment to interface the
platform/processing facilities control system, HPU, etc. Computers may form part of this system. SPCU
(subsea power and communication unit) is also included.
For subsea located HPU, see COR EUUM. For workover control system, see COR EUUQ. For intervention
control system, see COR EUUT.
EUUL Uninterruptable power supply
Included is the electrical supply module for subsea facilities located on the topside facilities. The
uninteruptable power supply unit (UPS) may be a separate (dedicated) installation, or it may form part of the
platform/processing facilities' integrated power supply, and includes batteries, rectifiers, inverters, etc.
For platform (common) UPS, see COR EEEQ.
EUUM Hydraulic power unit
The hydraulic power unit (HPU) for subsea facilities is normally a part of the topside control equipment (see
COR EUUK), but may be located subsea as a part of the control distribution system. Subsea located HPU's
are to be included hereunder.

EUUN Subsea control pods
The subsea control pods are normally located on the X-mas trees. For remote control of a manifold, a
separate control pod may be used for that purpose.
EUUO Electrical distribution system equipment
This code covers the heavy-duty electric power distribution system on the subsea station to major consumers
like compressors (for boosting or injection), pumps and similar. Included are equipment and cabling for the
system on the station.
For ordinary electric power distribution and control at the subsea station, COR code EUUE applies. For
electrical power supply cables to subsea compressors, pumps, etc., see COR EYEB.
EUUP Workover riser system equipment
The workover riser system is used for installation and retrieval of the X-mas tree system, and consists
normally of equipment like lower riser package, emergency disconnect unit, workover riser and surface flow
tree. Additional running tools may also be a part of the system.
EUUQ Workover control system equipment
The workover control system is used to control the workover riser system. The equipment consists of a
topside supply and communication module.
For umbilicals, see codes under COR EYD.
EUUR Intervention system equipment and tools (ROT)
The intervention system (ROT system) may consist of a tool carrier connected to dedicated tools for pull-in
and connection, for running of control pods and insert pieces. Alternatively, it may consist of a system with
separate tools only.
For rented tools (from tool pool), see COR EUUV.
EUUS ROV/ROMV and tools
Included are remotely operated vehicles (ROV), remotely operated maintenance vehicles (ROMV) and
necessary tooling which are purpose built for dedicated development projects.
For rented tools (from tool pool), see COR EUUV.
EUUT Intervention control system equipment
The control system for the intervention system normally consists of equipment like a topside supply and
communication unit.
For umbilicals, see codes under COR EYD.
EUUU Test equipment
Components necessary for testing related to subsea, including test equipment, handling equipment, dummy
structures, dedicated consumables, etc. shall be included under this code. Range of testing covers
integration testing, shallow water testing and commissioning.
EUUV Tool pool (rented tools)
The tool pool includes tools normally to be used in different projects/fields for subsea purposes. The
projects/operating divisions from a tool pool owned by one or more operators normally rent the tools.
For (project) dedicated tools see other COE EUU codes for these; e.g. EUUR and EUUS. For pipeline
inspection tools, see COR EYAG. For PRS (pipeline repair system), see COR EYAH.

EUUW Subsea distribution equipment
The subsea distribution unit (SDU) allows for distribution from one large power cable/control umbilical/flowline
to several minor lines.
The unit includes equipment like foundation structure, structure and protection structure, and may include
transformer and other equipment. The unit may also include bulks (as a package solution).
EUUX Other subsea equipment packages
Includes subsea packages other than previously listed, i.e. subsea equipment delivered from
manufacturers/vendors/suppliers as complete functional packages which may comprise several of the above
items of equipment, for incorporation into the facilities.
EUUZ Other subsea equipment
Includes subsea equipment not previously listed under COR EUU, which is purchased from
vendors/manufacturers/suppliers as individual items of equipment, for incorporation into the facilities.
EV Mooring and marine equipment
EVY Mooring and marine equipment
Mooring and marine equipment hereunder provides codes primarily for
 mooring equipment related to mooring of floating and compliant production facilities such as:
 tethers/tendons,
 anchors,
 chains,
 cables, etc.
 marine equipment related to e.g.production vessels, storage vessels, TLPs, semi submersible production
platforms, etc.
EVYA Tethers/tendons, tether couplings
Tethers/tendons for neutrally buoyant tether designs include large diameter medium to thick walled steel
pipe:
 as standard lengths forming, when after tether couplings are welded, standard tether elements of uniform
length for tether installation from coupled tethers lowered from internal mooring compartments;
 as welded pipes forming parts of/or the entire length of the tether string/tendon for external porch
installation.
For non-neutrally buoyant tether designs, forged and machined standard tether elements for installation,
coupling and lowering of tether strings from internal mooring compartments, are included.
Buoyant elements for e.g. SPAR tethers are also to be included hereunder.
Tether couplings are machined forgings/castings, which are welded to tether pipe to form standard tether
elements or other couplings making up each tether string/tendon. Tether couplings consist of threaded
coupling pins and threaded coupling boxes.
EVYC Tether cross – load bearings
Relevant for tension leg platform designs (e.g. TLPs and buoyant towers) where tethers consist of a series of
coupled tether elements and where installation of tethers comprises the use of tether deployment tools to
handle, lower, run and connect tethers from within column mooring compartments through tether conduits
within the hull.

Tethers cross load bearings are required to transfer horizontal loads to the hull and prevent metal to metal
contact. These bearings are purpose designed to be incorporated into each tether string and consist of
machined forgings/castings, flex elements elastomeric bearings and conduit seals.
EVYD Tether tensioner/motion compensator
Tether tensioner/motion compensator assemblies are purpose designed dedicated tooling systems used for
installation of tethers for e.g. TLP designs where installation (example from TLP); tether string make up is
carried out from within column mooring compartments. After each corner tether string is made up and
lowered, the tensioner/motion compensator engages the top of the tether string to ensure clearance above
guide funnels. After TLP positioning the anchors are stabbed into foundation template receptacles. When all
four initial anchors are stabbed, motion is compensated by positive tension whereupon the tensioner/motion
compensators are brought into heave suppression mode for tether tie off.
EVYE Tether tie-off assembly
The tether tie-off assembly forms the upper termination of the tether string and transfers tether tension into
the hull structure. The tie off assemblies required for each tether string comprise of machined forgings, load
beams, load cells, main load rings, locking nuts, tension adjustment nuts and tension adjustment elements.
EVYF Torque tools and tether handling equipment
Torque tools are deployed during tether installation to provide required torque to tether tie off
assemblies/tether strings. Torque tools are purpose manufactured for each dedicated project and are
normally required in each mooring compartment.
Tether handling equipment consists of handling equipment installed within column mooring compartments
and comprises of
 radial/polar cranes,
 racks,
 jigs,
 guides, etc.
Required to handle the standard tether elements, i.e. to move, lower and connect to form tether string make
up.
EVYH Tether anchor latches
Tether anchor latches form the tether string/tendon connection point to seabed founded tether foundation
template(s).
Anchor latches/bottom connectors are machined forgings/castings and comprise a tendon/tether string
receptacle section integrated within foundation template(s) with inserts/abutment rings/mating latch
assemblies and a tether string part forming the lower section of the tether string comprising a lower body, flex
elements and flexshaft.
EVYI Tether deployment tools
Tether deployment tools hereunder relate to multi-function combination tether/tendon deployment systems for
installing tethers/tendons from foundation template(s) receptacles to external TLP hull porches. Included are
 tendon handling equipment (tensioner/motion compensator units),

 externals to columns,
 skid rails,
 bending shoes,
 pull in wires/cables,
 pull in clamps payload wires/cables, etc.

EVYJ Mooring winches
Mooring winches installed/placed on vessels/platforms for the purpose of maintaining station keeping and
include
 winches,
 driving units,
 stoppers,
 controllers,
 etc.
For mooring winches in connection with turrets, see COR EVYW.
EVYK Capstans
Capstans installed/placed on vessels for raising/lowering anchors, etc. and include
 capstans,
 driving units,
 stoppers,
 controllers,
 etc.
EVYL Mooring lines
Mooring lines (cables and anchor chains) hereunder are especially manufactured for purposes of mooring
dedicated vessels and platforms and which form part of permanent installations. Included are also
shackles/rings/connectors.
EVYM Anchors
Anchors hereunder are anchors which are especially manufactured for purposes of mooring/anchoring
dedicated vessels/facilities.
EVYN Clump weights
Clump weights are used for mooring of guyed towers, etc. – installed at seabed with piles. The weights take
up slack in mooring cables/chains and allow compliance.
EVYO Fenders
Elastomeric units/devices/structures used to prevent collision damage between structures and vessels.
EVYP Anchor pendant buoys
Buoys used to mark anchor locations for later pick-up and removal.
EVYQ Signal buoys
Signal buoys used for navigational purposes and/or for sea state monitoring.
EVYR Protection mattresses
Mattresses placed near platforms, over pipelines and other subsea structures to prevent erosion, protect and
provide foundational stability.
EVYS Fairleads
Fairleads are mechanical/structural units with rollers, normally installed/placed on substructures acting as a
guide for anchor chains/cables.

EVYT Thruster packages
Thruster packages are propeller plants for manoeuvring/propulsion to location/station keeping of flotation
production platforms/vessels and storage vessels (in SCCS context).
A thruster package may include
 propeller with drive unit, and transmission (where relevant),

 tunnels (ducts) and nozzles with grating/grids,
 manoeuvring and control unit,
 etc.
But as package design – as well as purchasing strategy and requirements – may vary, it is difficult to define
the total package content.
EVYU Tank cleaning/crude oil washing equipment
Includes system equipment installed within/or part of vessels used for tank cleaning and crude oil washdown
of primarily oil storage tanks after offtake (include e.g. dedicated pumps, heaters, wash-down units, etc.).
EVYV Accommodation ladders/gangways
Hereunder as equipment – outfitting structural appurtenances purchased as complete units fabricated to

specification by specialist fabricators and does not form part of a fabrication contract.
EVYW Turret equipment
Turret equipment hereunder includes all equipment installed within or which supports the operating function
of the turret system:
 bearings;
 bogies;
 winches;
 chain tables;
 manifolds/sviwel;
 turning machines;
 controls;
 control decks, etc.
For gantry crane over turret, see COR ERMV.
EVYX Other mooring and marine equipment packages
Includes other mooring and marine equipment packages, i.e. units delivered from suppliers and purchased
as complete packages, not covered by other COR EVY codes.
EVYZ Other mooring and marine equipment
Includes mooring and marine equipment items not identified under other EVY codes, which by function is
related to this group of equipment.
EY Transfer and control equipment
The COR codes hereunder relate to equipment/devices deployed to
 perform transfer functions,

 control and support operations during production,
 support during intervention,
 provide service and control.
Some particular references: For drilling risers, see COR EDBD. For workover risers, see COR EUUP.

Transfer and control equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
EYA Pipeline inspection and repair tool
EYAA Slug catcher
A vessel or a system of fabricated pipes, pipe fittings, valves and supports placed on land, on offshore
facilities or subsea used to catch accumulated slugs of liquid condensate or residues in e.g. gas pipeline
systems. Slugs are forced/transported by pigs to the slug catcher.
EYAB Pig launchers/pig receivers
Pressure vessels installed at both ends of pipeline transmission systems to
 launch pigs under high pressure through the system for scraping, cleaning, slug removal or inspection,
 receive pigs at receiving facilities.
For subsea pigging facilities, see equipment under COR EUUI.
EYAC Intelligent pigs
Intelligent pigs are deployed within pipeline systems to monitor/record/transmit internal pipeline conditions
regarding e.g. corrosion and roundness. Pigs are sent from launchers and received in pig receivers.
EYAD Sealing pigs
Temporarily deployed elastomeric sealing pigs placed within pipeline to stop flow through pipeline during e.g.
intervention, tie-in and connection of fittings.
EYAE Batch pigs
Pigs, which are sent through pipelines to catch slugs, improve flow and empty the lines when required.
EYAF Scraper pigs
Pigs, which are sent through pipelines to scrape walls from wax/residue/formation build up and increase
throughput.
EYAG Pipeline inspection tools
Dedicated tools/inspection devices or systems deployed to inspect pipeline systems.
Includes tools, etc. for visual inspection as follows:
 external inspection with remote operated vehicle systems;

 internal inspection video cameras/sleds and cables.
For intelligent pigs (for measurement of e.g. roundness), see COR EYAC. For PRS, see COR EYAH.
EYAH Pipeline repair system
The system is for repair of damage to pipelines – transport lines and flowlines – during operation or
installation; in a project it might be decided to have the system as a back up when laying pipelines in case of
possible damage to the lines. The system is owned by a pool. Pool membership for e.g. a project and any
other PRS costs are to be entered under this code.
EYAI Welding bladders
Elastomeric bladders/systems used to isolate pipeline systems during hyperbaric welding/tie-in operations.

EYAJ Expansion bellows
Expansion bellows – manufactured expansion bellows used in solids processing in association with kilns,
heating systems, boilers, etc.
EYB Risers
EYBA Production risers
Permanent risers – manufactured/fabricated/forged pipe sections (rigid or flexible) which extend from a
subsea well spacer/drilling template to the surface facilities wellhead area or connecting production wells
between X-mas trees and subsea guide bases/riser bases connectors. Production risers transfer wellstream.
EYBB Injection risers
Permanent risers – manufactured/fabricated/forged pipe sections (rigid or flexible) which extend from a
subsea well spacer/drilling template and to the surface facilities wellhead area or connecting injection wells
between X-mas trees and subsea guide bases/riser connectors. Injection risers transfer water and gas for
injection/reinjection.
EYBC Import/export risers
Forms part of the pipeline transmission system, where rigid or flexible pipes are installed between pipeline
end and import/export manifold(s) installed on subsea facilities e.g. topside. Import/export risers transfers
normally oil, gas and condensate.
Import/export risers may be
 J – tube pull through,

 seal tube pull-in,
 pre-installed in substructures,
 post-installed over/within substructures,
 connected to pipeline end manifold or well spacer/drilling template receptacle.
EYBD Buoyancy elements/modules
This code covers
 elements/modules which are manufactured or fabricated and which provide required buoyancy for below
surface systems – risers, loading hawsers, cables, markers and other,
 buoyancy modules which are bolt/welded onto floating or suspended structures to provide additional
buoyancy.
EYC End fitting/terminations
EYCA Pipeline
All types and forms of end fittings/terminations for pipelines.
EYCB Umbillical
All types and forms of end fittings/terminations for umbillicals.
EYCC Risers
All types and forms of end fittings/terminations for risers.
EYD Umbillicals
EYDA Umbilicals – static

Manufactured umbilicals for static conditions, for remote control of unmanned platforms, subsea production
systems and other subsurface facilities.
EYDB Integrated service umbilicals – static
Manufactured control umbilicals for static conditions, with integrated service lines for chemicals and/or gas,
for remote control/servicing of unmanned platforms, subsea production systems or other subsurface facilities.
Also included hereunder are integrated production umbilicals (IPUs) for static conditions. This is an umbilical
similar to an integrated service umbilical, but with a flowline in the centre.
The umbilicals may also include electrical power cable.
EYDC Umbilicals – dynamic
Manufactured umbilicals for dynamic conditions, for remote control of unmanned platforms, subsea
production systems and other subsurface facilities.
Dynamic umbilicals serve normally as "risers".
EYDD Integrated service umbilicals – dynamic
Manufactured control umbilicals for dynamic conditions, with integrated service lines for chemicals and/or gas
for remote control/servicing of unmanned platforms, subsea production systems or other subsurface facilities.
The umbilicals may also include electrical power cable.
Also included hereunder are integrated production umbilicals (IPUs) for dynamic conditions. This is an
umbilical similar to an integrated service umbilical, but with a flowline in the centre.
EYE Special cables
This code covers long distance transmission cables located on the seabed or on land:
 sea cables – i.e. submerged electric power and/or signal/control cables (also fibre-optical cables) from
land facilities shore approach or other platforms for control of/supply to
 unmanned platforms, platforms without power generation,
 subsea facilities, subsea valve stations and booster stations,
 overseas facilities (e.g. for power export/import).
 land cables – i.e. electric power and/or signal/control cables (also fibre-optical cables) trenched or
installed above ground (on poles) from a gas power plant, grid connection or a land based control room,
to another land based facility or to shore approach (for further transmission to offshore facilities; see
undersea cables above).
Special cables are separated into 3 subtypes as follows:
EYEA Direct electrical heating cable
EYEB Power cables
EYEC Fiber optical cable
The special cables are normally purchased from specialist vendors/manufacturers based on project
specifications.
Standard cables for e.g. platform topsides and onshore plants are deemed to be bulk materials and are to be
COR coded under BE, BJ and BT as relevant.
EYX Other transfer and control equipment packages
Includes packages not previously listed, i.e. other groups of COR EY type equipment delivered from

EYZ Other transfer and control equipment
Includes other transfer and control equipment not defined elsewhere under COR EY, purchased as individual
H Owner's personnel
This primary code relates to all costs incurred to company for the provision of owner's personnel resources
and services required for both project and construction management to manage, administer, control,
co-ordinate and supervise a development project. A widely applied term for the code is (owner's/operator's)
project team – PT.
Owner's personnel as defined hereunder may be comprised of
 company only directed management containing a task force of company personnel and or augmented
with consultant/contractor personnel in an integrated team,
 company personnel and consultant/contractor personnel under a normal and separate contractual
agreement such as a project services contractor (PSC), often working as an integrated task force,
 construction management contractor engaged under a separate and formal contractual agreement with
company to perform discrete portions of construction management work.
Some particular references: For EPCS contract personnel (engineering, procurement and construction
cupervision) – often applied in onshore projects – see COR K. For owner's personnel overheads, see COR
Q. For insurance and other general costs, see COR A. If company personnel performs engineering (other
than covered for under COR HEA), COR K codes apply.
HA Project management
Project management includes costs for owner/operator/contracted personnel and services for all senior level
managers and their direct supporting staff not otherwise forming part of functional departments or groups,
hereunder such as
 project director,
 project manager,
 construction manager,
 mech. completion and commissioning manager,
 engineering manager,
 procurement/contracts manager (and legal advisers),
 project control manager,
 administration manager/business manager,
 QA-manager,
 HSE manager.
Project management is subdivided as outlined under the tertiary level codes following:
HAA Project managers
Project managers include company/operator and/or contracted managers whose duties relate to the entire
project irrespective of functional department leadership. Depending on project type organisation project
managers may constitute
 project director,
 project manager,
 construction manager,
 mech. completion and commissioning manager,
 engineering manager,
 procurement/contracts manager (and legal advisers),
 project control manager,
 QA-manager,
 administration manager/business manager,

 health, safety, and environment (HSE) manager,

 personal secretaries to the foregoing.
HAB Quality assurance
The quality assurance function is responsible to ensure that development – construction of projects conforms
to design codes, drawings, engineering specifications and statutory requirements. Includes all staff categories
associated with the quality assurance function.
HAC Health, safety and environment (HSE)
The HSE function includes all staff personnel categories related directly to prevention against loss of life,
accident, fire or other, and to follow up health and environmental topics.
HB Project administration
Project administration relates to costs for owner/operator/contracted personnel, goods and services incurred
by company to provide general project administration, financing and accounting services, document control
and data processing, as outlined under the tertiary level codes following:
HBA Administration
Administration relates to the provision of personnel and services to perform general project administration.
Includes such as
 personnel,
 security,
 agreement of travel and housing,
 permits,
 licenses,
 project vehicles and transport,
 payroll, insurance, catering,
 administration of temporary accommodation,
 other required administration services.
HBB Finance and accounting
Finance and accounting include the provision of personnel and/or services to perform such as
 project financing,
 project accounting,
 accounts payable,
 commitment monitoring,
 project financial reporting,
 statutory required financial reporting,
 other related activities.
HBC Data processing
Includes all personnel related to all data processing (information technology – IT) which are of owner's
specific responsibility.
HBD Document control
Document control includes all personnel/services associated with registration, administration, updating and
storage of owner documentation, i.e. for
 filing systems for correspondence,

 accounts,
 contracts,
 drawings,

 specifications,
 datasheets,
 microfilm,
 other systems for storage and retrieval of documents.
For engineering contractor's document control, see COR KAE.
HC Procurement
The procurement function includes owner/operator/contractor personnel and associated services for the
purpose of
 formulating,
 preparing,
 compiling,
 issuing,
 evaluating,
 awarding contracts, purchase orders and monitor these.
As well as services for
 frame agreement handling,

 expediting,
 traffic,
 logistics,
 vendor control,
 material control,
 inspection.
Procurement is subdivided as outlined under he tertiary level codes below.
For procurement performed in contractor's organisation, see COR KB.
HCA Contracting and legal
Contracting and legal includes personnel/services to formulate, compile, prepare, issue, evaluate, award and
monitor contracts. This may imply such as compiling construction/fabrication contracts from design drawings
and specifications conforming to the intent, purpose, philosophies and requirements of a project.
In addition contracting and legal includes preparation of general and special conditions of contract conforming
to statutory requirements.
HCB Purchasing
Purchasing includes personnel/services to compile purchase orders from design drawings and specifications,
conforming to intent, purpose, philosophy and requirements. The work includes purchase order formulation,
compilation, preparation, issuance, evaluation of vendors/suppliers, award of purchase order and follow up
after award.
HCC Expediting/traffic/logistics
Expediting:
Includes personnel and services to perform the expediting function; receiving of bulk and equipment from
vendors/suppliers/manufacturers at different geographic locations, ensure customs clearance, statutory
conformance and co-ordinate with traffic/logistics deliveries.
Traffic/logistics:
Personnel and services to co-ordinate land/sea/air delivery from vendors/suppliers/manufacturers/fabricators
at different geographic locations to central project locations – construction sites, fabrication sites and/or
storage bases.

Also included are co-ordination and logistics involved with movement of personnel, goods and services to
work locations.
HCD Material control/inspection
Personnel and services required ensuring conformance to project specifications by

vendors/suppliers/manufacturers/fabricators/constructors. Includes visual, non-destructive, destructive,
dimensional and functional inspection and control related to materials.
HD Project control
The project control function includes owner/operator/contracted personnel/services for such as
 estimates/budgets preparation and maintenance,

 monitor trends and control costs,
 planning and scheduling,
 preparing project cost/schedule/resource reports,
 assist in contract formulation and evaluation.
As outlined under the tertiary level codes following:
HDA Estimating
Personnel and/or services required preparing such as: trends, control estimates, variation order check
estimates, bid check estimates, forecasts and project budgets.
HDB Cost control
Personnel and/or services required to code, control, monitor, report actual costs/expenditures, commitments,
trends and forecasts.
HDC Planning and scheduling
Personnel and/or services required planning and scheduling each project or parts thereof at different levels of
detail. The work may include network analysis, resource scheduling, contract schedules, construction
schedules and master schedules.
HDD Reporting
Personnel and/or services required to prepare project cost/schedule/resource reports, e.g. the project
monthly report, weekly/biweekly reports, etc. Includes also preparation of periodical project progress reports
comparing actual progress against planned progress.
HDE Miscelanous project control
Includes miscelanous project control functions not covered by the previous codes, like
 risk co-ordination and reporting,

 design change co-ordination and reporting,
 contract formulation and evaluation,
 quantity surveying.
HE Supervision and surveillance
Supervision and surveillance relates to owner/contracted personnel resources/services required to perform

engineering supervision and construction supervision, as outlined under the tertiary level codes below.
The engineering and construction supervision function may, according to form of contract, scope and content,
entail Company site personnel or comprise an integrated task force of company/contractor personnel to fulfil
the objectives.

For personnel under an engineering procurement and construction supervision (EPCS) contract, see COR K.
For company MC and commissioning personnel, see under COR HF.
HEA Engineering supervision
Engineering supervision relates to personnel required to supervise, control, co-ordinate and monitor
contractor design and engineering activities.
HEB Construction supervision
Construction supervision relates to personnel required to supervise, control, co-ordinate, monitor construction
and ensure conformity to design specifications and drawings for fabrication and construction contracts.
HF MC and commissioning personnel
Included are owner/operator personnel and/or services – project personnel and personnel from operations –
and contracted personnel hired under company's direction, to plan and carry out mechanical completion (MC)
and commissioning of the facilities. The personnel/services are subcoded as follows:
HFA Mechanical completion personnel
HFB Commissioning personnel
For assistance by construction contractors personnel during completion and commissioning, other COR
codes apply; e.g. COR L and M with subcodes.
HZ Other owner's personnel costs
To be included are costs for COR H type personnel not covered by the previous COR H codes.
For owner's personnel overheads, see COR Q.
K Engineering manpower
Engineering manpower includes all categories of personnel resources for all disciplines and functions
required performing the engineering tasks. Engineering in a project context may start with the approval of a
plan for development and operation (PDO) or similar statutory approval and may include traditionally
 conceptual engineering,
 basic engineering,
 pre-engineering,
 detailed engineering,
 follow-up engineering.
Terminology, start and purpose may vary between companies at different locations.
Compared to the SCCS May-92 version COR K has been expanded to cover for consequences of new
technology and project development as follows:
 COR K includes both for design engineering and fabrication engineering due to extensive use of
computer aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM);
 procurement is included as most engineering contractors now perform procurement (e.g. in E&P
contracts);
 personnel under engineering, procurement and construction supervision contracts (EPCS) – most
applied in onshore projects – is to be coded under COR K.
The above is also reflected in the SCCS SAB code (under SAB 2).
This implies that site engineering and procurement personnel (for a fabrication/construction contract) are to
be COR coded under K.

The traditional engineering function is required to perform all technical and functional definition work required
and sufficient to enable fabricators/contractors to bid/tender for work scope and subsequently construct parts
of, or complete facilities.
Engineering scope under COR K includes but is not limited to
 acquisition of soils and test data,

 perform surveys,
 prepare maps,
 facility design,
 heat/material balances,
 calculations to ensure conformance with design codes and criteria,
 prepare drawings (for design and fabrication),
 flowsheets and diagrams,
 facility equipment selection/equipment lists,
 prepare specifications,
 define construction methods/hook-up and commissioning,
 marine and lifting operations,
 logistics,
 prepare weight estimates and weight control reports,
 material take-off,
 participate in vendor-/supplier-/manufacturer-/fabricator-/constructor evaluation, selection, qualification
and compilation/formulation of contracts and purchase orders,
 perform procurement activities – as applicable.
Engineering will normally be carried out under a formal contractual agreement between
company/operator/owner with a contractor, but may be performed totally or partly by company engineering
personnel.
Some particular references: Engineering covered by an equipment purchase order, is to be regarded as

inclusive in the respective COR E code for the equipment. Engineering for insulation is to be COR K coded
under the discipline for the insulated items; e.g. engineering for architectural and building/HVAC/
piping/mechanical equipment insulation, see under COR KC/KH/KL/KR respectively. For model building, see
COR SFH.
KA Engineering management and administration
Engineering management and administration include personnel required to administer, manage, monitor and
control work normally performed by the contracted engineering organisation. The work pertains to contracted
scope of work with company/owner/operator and requires a management organisation to perform
 general management,
 contract management,
 project control,
 administration functions,
 document control,
 data processing (IT),
 quality management.
KAA Management
Include costs for the following top-level contractor managers:
 project manager for the following types of contracts; engineering contracts, E&P, EPC, EPCI, EPCIC and
EPCS contracts;
 engineering manager;
 procurement manager;
 construction supervision manager.

Departmental/discipline leaders/managers are to be COR coded under the respective department/discipline.

For construction site management, see COR CAA.
KAB Contract management
Contract management includes engineering contractor personnel involved with negotiation and fulfilment of
contracted scope of work obligations with company.
The work relates to initial negotiations, handling of variations to contracted scope of work and close-out of the
contract. Company may require contracts department to participate in formulation and evaluation, etc. of
other contracts for the project.
KAC Project control
Project control hereunder relates to personnel primarily for progress control and reporting of engineering
contractor scope of work to company/operator/owner.
The scope includes
 man-hour/manpower planning and reporting,

 planning and scheduling and reporting of actual progress compared to planned,
 cost estimating and control,
 cost reporting.
Further, company may require project control to prepare project documentation such as
 cost estimates ranging from study estimates, control estimates, detailed estimates to design change
estimates,
 plans and schedules – prepare detailed and summary plans and schedules for construction of facilities,
prepare resource schedules, analysis, identify critical paths, etc.
KAD Administration
Administration includes all personnel required in direct support of engineering personnel to provide
 personnel services,
 accounting,
 financing,
 payroll,
 travel,
 accommodation,
 office services,
 vehicles,
 all related administrative services.
KAE Document control
Document control includes all costs/services associated with engineering's maintaining and storage/filing of
 correspondence,
 accounts documentation,
 contracts,
 drawings,
 specifications,
 datasheets,
 microfilm,
 other systems for storage and retrieval of documents.

KAF Data processing (IT)
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel engaged with electronic data processing/information

technology (IT), for such as
 hardware and peripheral installations and maintenance,

 co-ordination of e.g. procurement/purchasing activities,
 software development,
 user support services.
KAG Quality management
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required ensuring that all design and engineering activities
conform to procedures, design codes, rules, regulations and statutory requirements.
KB Procurement
The procurement function includes contractor/organisation personnel and associated services for the
purpose of
 formulating,
 evaluating,
 preparing,
 compiling,
 issuing,
 awarding contracts and purchase orders and monitor these.
As well as services for
 maintenance of frame agreements,

 expediting,
 traffic,
 logistics,
 vendor control,
 material control,
 inspection.
Earlier, company performed almost all project procurement. In new projects engineering contractor's
procurement scope – depending on contract type and strategy – is often rather comprehensive. Thus for a
more detailed description of procurement work, a reference is given to COR HC with subcodes.
For procurement manager, see COR KAA.
The COR K codes below represent the more classical engineering disciplines. Included are discipline
leaders, package engineers and discipline personnel.
KC Architectural and building
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required to
 design and engineer buildings,

 perform architectural design and engineering both for exterior/interior of buildings and facilities.
Architectural:
Personnel required carrying out the architectural engineering and design of facilities and buildings to conform
to design codes, rules, regulations and statutory requirements. Architectural design relates to the esthetical
forming of buildings/structures and facilities both as
 exterior design:
 forming;
 color;

 finishing;
 fixtures;
 texture;
 placement in terrain;
 adjacent areas;
 landscaping, etc.
 interior design:
 forming;
 colors;
 finishes;
 furniture;
 drapery;
 fabrics;
 floor coverings;
 insulation;
 architectural equipment, special fixtures, etc.
The work includes such as
 prepare architectural drawings,

 materials selection and sizing,
 contact with manufacturers/vendors/suppliers,
 provide input to reports of project nature,
 co-ordinate with other disciplines.
Building:
Personnel required carrying out the design and engineering of buildings – hereunder such as
 administrative, industrial and residential work to conform to design codes, rules, regulations and statutory
requirements,
 acquisition of climatic/environmental data,
 acquire soils test data,
 design engineering,
 prepare drawings/diagrams/sketches,
 selection and sizing of materials,
 prepare material take-off,
 provide input to other reports as applicable:
 weight;
 construction/manufacture/installation/erection/assembly.
For (general) civil engineering, i.e. engineering for other than buildings, see COR KQ.
KD Drilling
Drilling engineering includes all required contractor/organisation personnel to perform such as
 facilities design:
 design;
 prepare specifications;
 produce drawings, flowsheets and diagrams;
 select and size drilling equipment;
 prepare selected input for reports regarding weight, function, equipment list, fabrication/installation.
 set up and supervise drilling programs from spud to completion during drilling operations, evaluate
performance to ensure compliance with company operating and maintenance procedures, as well as
develop drilling crew training programs and provide technical assistance to drilling supervisor/toolpusher,

 co-ordinate with other disciplines to ensure optimal drilling facilities design.
KE Electrical
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required performing such as
 design,
 produce drawings,
 prepare loadlists,
 prepare single line diagrams and schematics,
 selection and sizing of electrical equipment,
 develop bulk material listings,
 provide input for preparation of selected reports:
 weight;
 equipment list;
 function;
 fabrication/installation.
 co-ordination with other disciplines.
KF Reservoir
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel – normally Company personnel – required to acquire reservoir

and other sub-surface information and investigate, interpret and evaluate this information to develop methods
to exploit the petroleum reservoir.
The work involves sciences such as: petrophysics, petrochemistry, geology, geophysics, geochemistry and
reservoir simulation.
The scope includes but is not limited to
 area and seismic studies,

 arrange for well tests,
 core and rock sampling,
 determination of reservoir pressure, temperature, gas oil ratio, oil water contact, oil column, etc.
 determine reservoir location, area size, thickness, depth to reservoir, porosity, permeability,
communication between structures, productivity, etc.,
 establish oil and gas characteristics (viscosity, density, chemical properties, etc.),
 develop reservoir models (e.g. in 3D) and perform reservoir simulations,
 determine production strategy including need for injection, well location, etc.,
 present estimates for reserves, recovery factor and production profiles and advice on reservoir
management,
For geoscience related to foundations, pipelines, etc., see COR KG.
KG Geoscience
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required to carry out activities related to geosciences in

connection with foundations (e.g. for marine substructures, pipelines, buildings, onshore equipment, etc.) –
hereunder such as
 geophysics,
 geology,
 geochemistry and related skills required for the purposes of obtaining and evaluating data for use by
other disciplines in design and engineering to enable facilities to be constructed,
 arrange/obtain soils test, surveys, design and engineering of foundations,
 arrange/perform studies,
 perform scaled/modeled testing which may be required,

 chemical analysis,
 co-ordination with other disciplines,
 all other activities related to geoscience for foundations.
For geoscience in connection with reservoirs, see COR KF.
KH HVAC
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required for the design and engineering of HVAC (heating,
ventilation and air condition) systems required on/at facilities, for such as
 design,
 prepare drawings of ducting, insulation, etc.,
 prepare loadlists,
 prepare diagrams and schematics,
 selection and sizing of equipment and bulk,
 provide input for preparation of selected reports:
 weight;
 equipment list;
 function;
 fabrication/installation.
HVAC engineering does also cover engineering for sanitary systems (plumbing).
KJ Instrumentation
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required for the design and engineering of instrumentation
systems, for such as
 control philosophy determination,

 control systems design; for e.g. process control and data acquisition systems and for supervisory control
and data acquisition systems,
 layout,
 prepare drawings, diagrams and specifications,
 assist in developing P&ID‟s (process and instrumentation diagram),
 input to fire and gas detection systems,
 ESD system (emergency shut-down),
 selection and sizing of equipment, preparation of bulk registers,
 input to selected reports for
 weight control,
 equipment list,
 function,
 fabrication/manufacture/installation.
For engineering related to telecommunication, see COR KT.
KL Piping
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required for the design and engineering of piping systems, for
such as
 systems design,
 layout,
 prepare drawings and diagrams,
 assist in developing P & ID‟s (process and instrumentation diagram),

 selection and sizing of

 piping material,
 valves,
 specials,
 wye-sonnection,
 tees,
 bends,
 insulation,
 supports and hangers, etc.
 prepare material take-off,
 provide input for selected reports:
 weight,
 function,
 fabrication/manufacture/installation.
For engineering in connection with sanitary systems (plumbing), COR KH applies.
KM Material technology
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required performing design and engineering related to material
technology, including such as
 metallurgy,
 investigation of metals workability, ductility, machining properties, welding ability, etc.,
 specification of welding requirements and heat treatment,
 preparation of material data sheets, specifications and test procedures,
 qualification of manufacturers of materials,
 definition and specification of material protection, hereunder corrosion protection/surface treatment, for
such as
 coating systems, metallizing and anodes,
 paint and applications for the purpose of corrosion protection and/or architectural finishes,
 specification of pretreatment/preparation, specification of type and applied thickness of applications,
KN Structural
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required for structural (steel and metal) design and
engineering of the facilities, for such as
 structural design engineering to ensure conformance to design codes and criteria,

 analysis of soils tests and survey data,
 analysis of environmental and climatic data,
 selection of material and sizing of structural components,
 prepare bulk registers,
 provide input to other reports:
 weight;
 function;
 fabrication/installation/erection/construction.
For design and engineering of concrete building structures and other civil structures, see COR KC and KQ
respectively.
KO Operation and maintenance
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel – usually personnel from company's operations organisation –

required in engineering to secure that all aspects of experience and know-how related to operation and
maintenance are communicated and utilised.

The code covers also operation and maintenance personnel during operation/production (see SCCS SAB
prefix O).
KP Process
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required for process design and engineering of the facilities.
 analysis of environmental and climatic data,

 systems design,
 establish heat and material balances,
 selection and specification of processes,
 evaluation of patented processes and licenses,
 prepare P&IDs (process and instrumentation diagrams), PFD (process flow diagram), UFD (utility flow
diagram) for all systems,
 process and utility equipment selection and sizing,
 input to layout,
 ensure conformance with design codes, rules, regulations and statutory requirements,
 provide input to other reports:
 weight,
 function,
 equipment lists,
 fabrication/manufacture/installation/erection/construction.
KQ Civil engineering
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required for design and engineering of
 earthworks,
 roads,
 bridges,
 railways,
 site civil works,
 concrete structures,
 dams, basins and ponds,
 sewage, water supply and reticulation,
 all other related activities.
 analysis of climatic/environmental/survey/soils data,

 produce maps, plot plans, situation plans and plant layout,
 prepare detailed fabrication/construction drawings, diagrams and sketches, materials selection and
sourcing,
 prepare material take-off of required materials-imported, cut to fill and cut to spoil, geotextiles and
ground insulation and all other required materials,
 ensure conformance with ruling design codes, rules, regulations and statutory requirements,
 provide input to other reports; construction, bills of materials, etc.
For architectural and building engineering, see COR KC.
KR Mechanical
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required for mechanical design and engineering, for such as

 systems design,
 heat/material balances,
 layout,
 assist in developing P&IDs (process and instrumentation diagrams), PFD (process flow diagram), UFD
(utility flow diagram),
 selection and sizing of mechanical equipment and bulk (e.g. equipment insulation) for
 process,
 utility,
 well related facilities,
 safety,
 material handling and other.
 prepare equipment lists (normally) and provide input to other reports:
 weight;
 function;
 fabrication/manufacture/installation/construction.
KS Health, safety and environment (HSE)
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required performing engineering HSE activities, hereunder

such as
 plan,
 develop HSE programs/strategies,
 acquisition of necessary studies and data,
 initiation of internal studies,
 specify requirements and ensure conformance with ruling design codes, regulations and statutory
requirements,
 inspection and monitoring of the HSE development and reporting incl. HSE statistics,
For safety engineering in particular, the work includes such as

 design engineering of safety systems incl. fireproofing,
 area safety classification,
 prepare drawings/diagrams/schematics,
 selection and sizing of equipment and bulk,
 prepare fire and gas registers,
 prepare input to ESD (emergency shut-down)systems,
 assist in developing input to P&IDs (process and instrumentation diagrams),
 define personnel evacuation systems,
 provide input to
 equipment list,
 weight reports,
 safety reports,
 construction/fabrication/manufacture/installation.
KT Telecommunication
Personnel required for the design and engineering of telecommunication systems, for such as
 systems design,
 layout,

 selection and sizing of equipment,
 prepare bulk registers,
 input to selected reports for
 weight control,
 equipment list,
 function,
 fabrication/manufacture/installation,
For instrumentation engineering, see COR KJ.
KU Subsea
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required performing the design and engineering of subsea
production systems, for such as
 well related systems,

 production stations,
 control systems,
 tooling systems,
 support systems.
 systems design,
 structural design,
 preparation of specifications and drawings,
 equipment and materials sizing and selection,
 determine surface facilities interfaces,
 performance and endurance testing of systems,
 develop installation methods and procedures,
KV Marine engineering
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel resources required for the marine design and engineering in
connection with
 marine structures – hereunder fixed, compliant or floating/buoyant structures, in co-operation with the
structural discipline as applicable,
 marine operations – hereunder barges, tugs, pipelay vessels, crane vessels, support vessels, etc.
 design conforming to climatic/environmental conditions and codes,

 preparation of specifications,
 calculation for purpose-centres of gravity, meta-centre, etc.,
 determine loadbearing capacities,
 design of seafastening/grillage,
 acquisition of survey data as required,
 selection for purpose of hired/rented vessels,
 design of mooring systems, towing,
 provide input for preparation of reports for: weight, COG (centre of gravity), equipment list, function,
fabrication/construction/installation,

For marine contractor's engineering for own scope, see COR X with subcodes.
KW Weight and quantity control
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel required performing weight and quantity control functions.
The weight control work implies such as
 compilation of weight estimates – dry/operating/lift/temporaries,

 establish weight budgets,
 calculation of centers of gravity, etc.,
 prepare periodical weight reports,
 establish weight control and reporting requirements for others and monitor their performance,
 participate in weighing of – equipment/units/preassemblies/modules/structures/complete facilities as
applicable,
 co-ordinate with all other disciplines to obtain weight related information.
Quantity control may imply
 establish structures for material quantities, norms and rates,

 collect and control numbers per quantity item,
 participate in contract formulation and evaluation related to material quantities,
 establish requirements to and monitor handling and reporting of material quantities by others,
 prepare necessary reports regarding material quantities,
 analyze quantity development and update material quantity structures, registers, etc.
 co-ordinate with other disciplines to obtain material quantity related information.
KY Pipelines
Engineering contractor/organisation personnel resources required performing the design and engineering of
pipeline systems, hereunder
 flowlines,
 interfield pipelines,
 trunk pipelines (transport pipelines).
 initiation and acquisition of surveys for pipeline route selection,

 analysis of soil conditions,
 pipeline design,
 prepare specifications for materials and construction/installation equipment,
 prepare maps,
 determine pipeline routing,
 prepare schematics and drawings for tie-in,
 design and calculate span-corrections, crossings and fill/backfill,
 co-ordinate work with other interrelated disciplines.
KZ Multidiscipline
Included is engineering contractor/organisation personnel of a multidiscipline character, engaged in

engineering. As education, knowledge and experience will vary, it is difficult to define all personnel under this
code. An outline may be
 project engineers,
 general field engineers,
 construction specialists in engineering teams (e.g. under EPC and EPCS contracts), such as
 project completion and commissioning specialists,
 construction methods specialists,

 construction inspection personnel.

 particular insulation engineering; e.g. in connection with modifications and onshore projects, when a
specialist engineering contractor performs all insulation engineering for a multiple of disciplines; e.g. for
such as piping, architectural/building, HVAC, etc.
For personnel from company's operation and maintenance organisation, see COR KO.
Engineering for insulation is normally to be COR K coded under the discipline for the insulated item, e.g.
insulation engineering for architectural and building/HVAC/piping/mechanical equipment, are to be coded
under COR KC/KH/KL/KR respectively.
For model building, see COR SFH.
L Direct labour
Resource codes tabled in this section relate to labour which are directly involved in construction work, i.e.
prefabrication, fabrication, machining, preparation, assembling, erecting, finishing and testing of a
constructed facility.
Direct labour includes all crafts/trades/disciplines, which directly contribute to the construction of a facility.
This includes both those that through their crafts perform activities – fabricate, erect and install, etc. – and the
working foremen who are of direct support to achieve this.
Direct labour disciplines have been seen in connection with bulk and engineering disciplines to obtain
analogous discipline “content”. Thus the second code letter in direct labour (COR L) correspond with the
second letter code under Bulk (COR B) and engineering disciplines (COR K); e.g. piping direct labour (COR
LL), piping bulk (COR BL) and piping engineering (COR KL).
For indirect labour, i.e. construction personnel performing construction assistance and supporting services to
direct labour constructing the contract object, COR code M applies. Indirect labour includes such as
administrative foremen, personnel for organised transportation, rigging, scaffolding, etc.
For direct labour included for in all inclusive unit rates, i.e. rates covering two or more resources, see COR S
Unit work.
Use of consumables is normally covered for in the direct labour man-hour rates.
LC Architectural and building direct labour
This code covers architectural and building direct labour work in connection with construction of offshore
facilities, e.g. living quarter, and onshore buildings such as: office buildings, control rooms, shelters,
warehouses, laboratory buildings, sheet metal clad machine houses, transformer and switchgear stations,
parkdecks and underground storage buildings as well as gate-houses and valves stations.
This code includes all labour for direct construction work related to such as
 walls,
 floors,
 ceilings,
 doors and windows (non-actuated),
 furniture and accessories including arts,
 signs,
 insulation,
 prefabricated modules (rooms/compartments),
 particular onshore building materials,
 other architectural and building bulk.
For further outline of material items/details for the work, see COR BC. For actuated doors and kitchen
equipment, see under COR EAA.
For general civil direct labour (other than related to onshore buildings), see COR LQ. Battery limit of the direct
labour of this code against the general civil direct labour shall be the basic foundation concrete slab as well

as a tie-in point measured 1 meter off the subject building for all utility systems leading into and out of the
construction object.
Exclusions are:
Administration of construction work, materials, supply and erection/dismantling of scaffolding and organised
transport. Organised supply of such as: lifting and hoisting equipment, grading and excavation equipment,
bulk materials and/or other equipment/material necessary. Organised supply of tools and machinery (except
small handtools), as well as auxiliary equipment such as concrete batch plants that may be deemed
necessary in order to accomplish the aforementioned objectives. Further excluded from this code is the
excavation and backfill, as well the landscaping around the onshore buildings together with the paving of the
access ways to these (see other codes).
LD Drilling labour
Drilling direct labour normally will form a part of a drilling service contract, let to specialised contractors.
Alternatively operators may have their own drilling crew to carry out the drilling and completion of wells both
onshore and offshore. A reference to COR BD is given for materials for the work.
Exclusions are:
Administration of the labour, materials, organised transport, supply and erection/dismantling of scaffolding,
organised supply of such as: lifting and hoisting equipment, transformers, generators, transport vehicles as
well as other heavy tools etc. necessary to perform the operations (see other codes).
LE Electrical direct labour
Direct labour for electrical work includes all labour for direct construction work related to such as
 cable and cable accessories for power, light and heat tracing (incl. pulling, installation, interconnection to
equipment and bulk components, termination, testing and calibrating),
 cable supports and transits (also for instrument/telecom),
 lighting,
 junction boxes,
 accessories,
 other electrical bulk.
For further outline of material items/details for the work, see COR BE.
Exclusions are:
Administration of the labour, materials, erection/dismantling of scaffolding, organised supply of hoisting

equipment, cranes etc., organised transport of cable drums, cables and other materials to location. Electrical
equipment setting and/or installation are excluded. Further exclusions are all earthworks as digging of cable
trenches, installing concrete ducting, backfilling of trenches and concrete works for cable entries into
buildings and machine/equipment foundations (see other codes).
LH HVAC direct labour
Direct labour for HVAC shall be understood as inclusive of all labour for direct construction work related to
such as
 ducting,
 inline items and dampers,
 duct support and hangers,
 insulation,
 sanitary piping and components (plumbing),
 other HVAC bulk.
For further outline of material items/details for the work, see COR BH.
Exclusions are:

Administration of construction work, materials, equipment installation, supply and erection/dismantling of

scaffolding, organised transport, organised supply of lifting and hoisting equipment, transformers and welding
machines as well as all other heavy tools or auxiliary erection equipment etc., necessary for this type of work
(see other codes).
LJ Instrument direct labour
Direct labour for instrument work includes all labour for direct construction work related to such as
 instruments,
 instrument valves (inclusive actuators, where relevant),
 cables and cable accessories (incl. pulling, installation, interconnection to equipment and bulk
components, termination, testing and calibrating),
 junction boxes,
 tubing,
 accessories,
 other instrument bulk.
For further outline of material items/details for the work, see COR BJ.
Installation of instrument valves in piping systems is deemed to be covered for under COR LL. Installation of
cable supports and transits is deemed to be COR coded LE. Insulation of instrument items is deemed to be
covered for under COR LL.
Exclusions are:

equipment, cranes and heavy tools, organised transport of cable drums, cables and other materials to
location, as well as instrument or computer equipment setting and/or installation. Further exclusions are all
earthworks, as digging of cable trenches, installing concrete ducting, backfilling of trenches and civils works
for cable entries into buildings and machine/equipment foundations (see other codes).
LL Piping direct labour
Direct labour for piping shall be understood as inclusive of all direct labour operations connected to the
prefabrication, site fabrication and installation of piping materials such as
 pipework,
 manually operated valves,
 supports,
 insulation,
 other piping bulk.
For further outline of material items/details for the work, see COR BL.
This code is deemed also to include for instrument valve installation in piping systems and insulation of
instrument items.
Exclusions are:
Administration of labour, materials, supply and erection/dismantling of scaffolding, organised transport,

organised supply of lifting and hoisting equipment, pipelaying machinery, transport vehicles, transformers and
welding machines, annealing equipment as well as other heavy tools etc. necessary to meet operational
objectives. Further exclusions are all earthworks, as digging of piping trenches, crossings, drilling/pressing
operations, installing concrete ducting or anchoring, backfilling of trenches and landscaping (see other
codes).
LM Surface protection direct labour
Direct labour for surface protection shall be understood as inclusive of all direct labour operations connected
to the surface protection of equipment, piping, steel and all other systems that require such services. This

code comprises the preparation of the surface prior to painting/coating (cleaning and priming), and
installation/application of
 paint,
 coating (metallic and non-metallic),
 anodes,
 other surface protection bulk.
For further information of material items/details for the work, see COR BM.
Exclusions are:
Administration of the construction labour, materials, organised transport, supply and erection/dismantling of
scaffolding, organised supply of lifting and hoisting equipment, transport vehicles, tools and machinery except
small handtools, as well as auxiliary equipment necessary for the work (see other codes).
LN Structural direct labour
Direct labour for structural work (primarily in steel and aluminium) shall be understood as inclusive of all direct
labour operations connected to the prefabrication, site fabrication and installation of structural items such as
 primary and secondary structures,

 outfitting structures,
 temporary installation aids, *
 grillage, seafastening and load out, *
 other structural bulk.
For further outline of material items/details for the work, see COR BN.
Observe that for items marked *, the weight thereof should not be included in the dry weight for the
permanent work, and that the weight and cost (and man-hours) should be estimated and reported separately.
Exclusions are:
scaffolding, organised supply of such as: lifting and hoisting equipment, transformers and welding machines
as well as other heavy tools, etc. necessary for the work (see other codes).
LQ Civil works direct labour
Direct labour for civil works shall be understood as inclusive of all direct operations connected to the
accomplishment of site-grading, dredging, blasting, excavations and earthworks, trenching, drill-pressing
depositing, site drainage, site improvements such as asphalting, paving, fencing, etc., sheet and foundation
piling, formwork, reinforcing steel and mesh, embedded items, all types of concrete works and structures,
landscaping and seeding as well as all demolition works. For an outline of materials for the work, see COR
BQ.
The code LQ is relevant for GBS (and some other) substructures and for onshore civil works other than
related to onshore buildings.
Exclusions are:
scaffolding. Organised supply of such as: lifting and hoisting equipment, transport, grading and excavation
equipment. Organised supply of tools and machinery (except small handtools), as well as auxiliary equipment
such as concrete batch plants that may be deemed necessary in order to accomplish the aforementioned
objectives. Further excluded from this code is the construction of buildings except for the earthwork and
potential piling works, which are subject of the more general site operations. Not included are also major
roads, railways and similar construction objectives (see other codes).

LR Mechanical direct labour
Direct labour for mechanical erection/work shall be understood as inclusive of all direct labour operations
connected to the installation of equipment normally supplied by others, outfitting equipment with mechanical
parts on site, preservation and/or dismantling, repairing or changing of parts of such equipment and testing.
This implies as a main rule work in connection with equipment as defined under COR E:
 architectural equipment;
 drilling equipment:
 miscellaneous mechanical equipment;
 drivers and power-transmissions;
 electrical equipment;
 heaters, boilers, furnaces and flares;
 HVAC equipment;
 heat transfer equipment;
 instrumentation equipment;
 compressors, blowers and expanders;
 transfer and control equipment;
 material and product handling equipment;
 mechanical equipment – solids;
 pumps;
 telecommunication equipment;
 safety/escape and firefighting equipment;
 storage tanks/containment equipment – atmospheric;
 subsea equipment;
 vessels and columns – pressurized;
 wellhead equipment – (surface completion);
 miscellaneous package units;
 mooring and marine equipment.
For more detailed information of the equipment work items, see COR E.
Exclusions are:
scaffolding, rigging, organised supply of such as: lifting and hoisting equipment, transformers and welding
machines as well as all other heavy tools or auxiliary erection equipment etc. necessary for the work (see
other codes).
LS Safety direct labour
Safety direct labour includes all labour for direct construction work related to such as
 passive fire protection,

 safety appliances (active fire fighting devices, evacuation and rescue devices and first aid devices).
For further outline of material items/details for the work, see COR BS. Code LS does not include work with
safety equipment (for definition, see COR ESS).
Exclusions are:
scaffolding, organised supply of such as lifting and hoisting equipment, machinery, transformers as well as all
other heavy tools or auxiliary erection equipment etc. necessary for this type of operation (see other codes).
LT Telecommunication direct labour
Direct labour for telecommunication work includes all labour for direct construction work related to such as
 telecommunication appliances,

 cables and cable accessories (inclusive pulling, installation, interconnection to equipment and bulk
components, termination, testing and calibrating),
 junction boxes,
 other telecommunication bulk.
For further outline of material items/details for the work, see COR BT.
Installation of cable supports and transits is deemed to be COR coded LE.
Exclusions are:

equipment, cranes and heavy tools, organised transport of cable drums, cables and other materials to
location. Telecommunication equipment setting and/or installation are excluded. Further exclusions are all
earthworks, as digging of cable trenches, installing concrete ducting, backfilling of trenches and civil works for
cable entries into buildings and machine/equipment foundations (see other codes).
LY Onshore pipeline direct labour
Direct labour for onshore pipeline shall be understood as inclusive of all direct labour operations connected to
the prefabrication, site fabrication and installation of pipeline bulk materials. This will include all welding
operations such as welders‟ test, material annealing operations, welding operations and post-welding material
treatment. Further are included such as: lifting and fitting of pipeline, installation of fittings, field bending,
cutting, bevelling and machining of flanges, installation of valves, flanges, gaskets as well as bolting of
flanged installations, pressure testing and non-destructive testing of performed welding operations, repair
operations inclusive testing as necessary. For an outline of material items/details for the work see COR BY.
For pipeline unit work (i.e. work on an all-inclusive unit rate basis for a multiple of resources), see COR SC.
Exclusions are:
Administration of the labour, materials, organised transport, supply and erection/dismantling of scaffolding,
organised supply of such as: lifting and hoisting equipment, sidebeam and other pipelaying machinery,
transport vehicles, transformers and welding machines, annealing equipment as well as other heavy tools,
etc. necessary to meet operational objectives. Further exclusions are all earthworks, such as digging of
pipeline trenches, crossings, drilling/pressing operations, installing concrete ducting or anchoring, backfilling
of trenches and landscaping (see other codes).
LZ Other direct labour
Includes direct labour which does not fall within other COR L codes.
M Indirect labour
Indirect labour means all construction personnel performing construction assistance and supporting services
to direct labour constructing the contract object.
Thus this cod represent required resources (and subsequent costs) for work which do not become physical
part of the installation, but which are required for the orderly completion of the installation.
Indirect labour typically cannot normally be assigned to discrete activities and represents labour required
which is of a more general nature. Indirect labour relates to contractor's indirect labour requirements, both to
support contractor's work and provided to company for assistance.
Indirect labour is normally covered for in the hourly rates for direct labour in contracts, but may – in particular
cases – be charged directly. Some of the categories (or parts thereof) may also be listed under preliminaries
in contracts.
Indirect labour consists of the following subcoded categories:
 foremen/supervision;
 quality control;

 scaffolding;
 cleaning;
 transport;
 rigging;
 material control and storage;
 fire guards;
 safety;
 dimensional control;
 weighing;
 temporary construction services;
 other indirect labor;
as outlined under the codes below.
MA Foremen/supervision
This code shall comprise the general supervision and administration staff and utilities to be required when
exercising direct labour on place of construction, fabrication, installation and/or any other place where direct
labour is used for operation.
Foremen are hereunder understood as administrative foremen for direct labour. Note that working foremen
for the same are deemed to be regarded as direct labour.
MB Quality control
This code shall comprise all labour, supervision and administration that can be associated with the
establishing, maintaining and controlling the quality of workmanship exercised by the application of direct
labour on a place of construction, installation or maintenance where such labour is part of the operation.
This may include such activities as visual inspection, non-destructive and destructive testing, general quality
survey, document control and approvals, as well as all other means of quality control activities that must be
applied to an operation necessary to assure that its safety and standard is in conformity with applicable laws,
specification and drawings.
MC Scaffolding
This code shall comprise all labour, supervision and administration that can be associated with the erection,
dismantling and maintenance of scaffolding as required by the work.
MD Cleaning
This code shall comprise all labour, supervision and administration that can be associated with the supply
and maintenance of cleaning services as required by the work. This may include the supply of services for
general site cleaning, waste removal, maintenance of waste container and sewer pits, seasonal snow
removal services, office and camp cleaning, as well as hand-over cleaning before commissioning if this is not
part of another contract.
ME Transport
This code shall comprise all labour, supervision and administration that can be associated with the supply of
transport services at sea, land and in the air as required by the work. This may include the supply of services
for general site transport associated with the moving of material from stock to place of installation, unloading
of goods at dock or railway facilities, module transport, supply of heavy lifting equipment, or other mobile
equipment to suit job requirements, personnel transport to and from jobsite.
Freight/freight forwarding for transport of materials, equipment, etc. from supplier/subcontractor to

construction site, is to be coded under COR AEC.
MF Rigging
This code shall comprise all labour, supervision and administration that can be associated with the supply of
rigging services as required by the work. Rigging is to be understood as hauling equipment, or modules

and/or parts thereof from storage, and placing them onto their resting structures or foundations by means of
hoisting equipment. It will include necessary shimming and bolting operations, as well as alignment of said
equipment according to drawings and specifications. Final alignment, for example, of rotating equipment
(motor, fans, turbines, pumps, gearboxes etc) will be covered under mechanical labour.
MG Material control
establishing, maintaining and controlling the quality and quantity of incoming/outgoing materials,
consumables and equipment supplied to/from the place of storage (including storing) to a place of
construction, fabrication, installation or maintenance where such material/equipment is needed. This may
include such activities as visual inspection, logging, reporting and handling of discrepancies as set forth in the
relevant material handling documentation. This material control and storage shall assure that all
received/delivered goods are in correct quantity and condition, and the assigned documentation in
compliance with the contractual requirements.
MH Fire guards
This code shall comprise all labour, supervision and administration as well as all equipment that is associated
with fire fighting and protective measures.
MK Safety
This code shall comprise all labour, supervision and administration that are associated with site safety
protective measures regarding plant or construction, installation or maintenance. This shall also be
understood as to control and maintain the safety standards as set forth in the applicable laws and procedures
issued by the official authorities.
ML Dimensional control
dimensional control with regard to tolerance, length and direction of components or modules or installations
built. This may include such activities as visual inspection, measurements, logging, reporting and handling of
discrepancies as set forth in the relevant material handling documentation.
MM Weight control
This code shall comprise all labour, equipment, supervision and administration that can be associated with
the control of weight of components, module or materials, equipment and or other built-ins. This may include
such activities as actual scaling, theoretical calculations, logging, reporting and handling of discrepancies as
set forth in the relevant material handling documentation.
Included is also use of indirect labour in connection with submergence and/or inclination tests.
For engineering weight control, see COR KW.
MN Temporary construction services
These services include labour, supervision and administration that can be associated with the organised
supply of temporary facilities required by the construction work.
Included are erection/installation and dismantling/removal of temporary facilities related to such as
 light,
 el. power,
 communication,
 water,
 compressed air,
 ladders, gangways, etc.,
 protective covers,
 etc.

For scaffolding, see COR MC.
MZ Other indirect labour
Includes indirect labour which does not fall within other COR M codes.
Q Owner's personnel overheads
This primary code relates to all overhead costs incurred by company for the direct support of owner‟s project
personnel function further defined under COR H. Included is:
 Such costs are related to tangible costs and expenses which are required to provide:
 offices;
 buildings;
 rental of buildings/offices;
 data processing equipment;
 peripherals and run-time expenses;
 office expenses for such as reproduction, etc.;
 telephone;
 telex;
 supplies and stationery.
 Additionally costs required to be paid for:
 representation;
 meetings;
 team building;
 seminars, training and courses.
 Personnel related costs:
 business travel;
 relocation expenses;
 living allowances;
 tax disbursements;
 vehicles;
 vehicle rental and operating expenses.
 Costs for management services (studies, audits, etc.).
Some particular references: For insurance and other particular cost incurred to company required to develop
projects, see COR A with subcodes.
QA Office administration
Office administration includes costs related to company‟s general services such as
 clerical staff,
 janitorial services,
 canteen services,
 security,
 cleaning,
 other services of general use.
Includes also costs for local authority provided services for electricity, water, sewage and related.

QB Office facilities
Office facilities includes costs to company for the provision of either purchased/leased/hired/rented or
otherwise acquired office facilities required for owner's personnel at all required project locations.
For rental of buildings and facilities for special purposes, see COR ADB. Company site offices, etc. may be
covered for under e.g. a construction contract; for these offices, see COR CC. For accommodation of
owners‟ personnel at project work locations, see COR QEB.
QC Data processing
Includes all investments/purchased/leased/hired/rented acquisition related costs and operating costs for EDP
(information technology – IT), and data processing required by owner's organisation. Provision of EDP and
PC hardware and peripherals (printers, scanners, etc.), software, CPU time access costs, consumables and
other EDP related costs.
For acquisition of data from others, e.g. of seismic data, geophysical data, weather data, etc., see COR ADC.
For EDP printer/plotter paper, see COR QDC.
QD Office expenses
Office expenses relate to costs for reproduction services, telecommunications, office supplies, office
stationary and consumables, necessary for owner's personnel. Further details are outlined under the tertiary
level codes following:
QDA Reproduction
Reproduction includes the provision of reproduction devices/equipment such as photocopiers and combined
copier/telefax, blueprint copiers, photographic and other equipment and/or services for the purposes of
reproduction.
QDB Telecommunications
Telecommunications include all forms of telecommunication equipment and/or devices, hereunder
 telephones,
 telefaxes,
 telexes,
 intercoms,
 public addresses,
 broadcasting systems,
 other forms of telemetric communication systems.
Costs include both acquisitions by purchase/lease or hire and operational costs/expenses.
QDC Office supplies and stationery
Office supplies and stationery include the purchase of all equipment, devices and consumables required by
owner's organisation:
 photocopy paper;
 writing pads and paper;
 printed forms;
 EDP printer/plotter paper;
 pens, pencils and staplers;
 etc.
QE Personnel expenses
Personnel expenses are costs incurred for the relocation of owner's personnel, hereunder for such as

 business travel,
 travel to location,
 expenses associated with relocation,
 allowances for living and relocation establishment,
 taxation difference disbursements and
 costs for vehicle acquisition and maintenance.
As outlined under the tertiary level codes below.
For other, particular personnel related to costs e.g. for health, medical and social care, etc., see COR AF with
subcodes.
QEA Business travel
Business travel includes travel by owner's personnel required as directly related to a project, for such as
 meetings with contractors/consultants,

 site visits to vendors/suppliers/manufacturers/fabricators/constructors,
 costs related to attendance of topical conferences/seminars and meetings.
The costs include
 air/sea/land travel costs,

 per diems,
 accommodation expenses,
 associated costs.
For travel in connection with personnel relocation and representation, see COR QEB and QFA respectively.
QEB Relocation expenses and living allowances
Relocation expenses are costs for transfer of project assigned staff to work locations. Costs associated with
relocation are for such as
 relocation establishment costs,
 temporary living allowances until more permanent accommodation is made available.
 permanent accommodation for owner's personnel at project work locations (e.g. sites).
Living allowances are expenses paid to project assigned staff, which are living in temporary accommodation
at project location, and travel intermittently between own home location and work site.
Site accommodation for owner's personnel may be covered for under e.g. constructions contract; for this, see
COR CC.
QEC Tax differential
Tax differentials are disbursements paid by company to compensate for different salary levels combined with
different taxation systems between different locations and countries, which provide a disfavourable personal
income to owner's employees.
QED Vehicle rental and expenses
Vehicles and vehicle expenses include cost for acquisition, purchase/lease/hire/rent of vehicles used by
owner's personnel. Included are also costs for operating and maintaining the vehicles.
Company site cars may be covered for under e.g. construction contracts; for these cars, see COR CC.
QF Miscellaneous expenses
Miscellaneous expenses hereunder are costs/expenses incurred by owner's organisation for

 representation of operators/companies/contractors and authorities,

 expenses related to meetings both external to project and internal such as team building,
 training of personnel and training courses.
QFA Representation
Representation are costs to company required e.g. to entertain and arrange site visits to “own” sites by other
companies/organisations and/or authorities, and further to represent company at conferences/seminars or
meetings.
The costs may include: travel, fees, accommodation and other related costs.
QFB Meeting expenses
Meeting expenses include charges and fees payable for topical conferences, seminars, teambuilding or
meetings attended by owner organisation personnel. Include also costs for video-conferences/meetings.
QFC Training and courses
Training and courses include incurred costs for general and specific training/courses, required to be attended
by owner's personnel for both general and professional topical knowledge.
For other, particular training and courses (which company is obliged to pay for), e.g. offshore safety courses,
see COR AFC.
QH Management services
Management services are costs for services rendered to company to carry out discrete work activities under
separate agreements with owner's management though related to the projected scope of work.
The services include but may not be limited to
 technical studies,
 project impact assessment studies,
 market surveys and studies,

rd
3 . party verifications,
 external audits,
 legal advice and other related costs.
For special studies (required by statutory bodies or as a part of licence agreements) hereunder also warranty
surveyor services, see COR AAC.
QZ Other owner's personnel overheads
To be included are costs for COR Q type overheads not covered by the previous COR Q codes.
For particular costs for company, see also COR A with subcodes.
R Engineering overheads
This primary code relates to all overhead costs incurred by engineering organisation for the direct support of
the engineering personnel function further defined under COR K – engineering manpower.
 Such costs are related to tangible costs and expenses which are required to provide
 offices,
 buildings,
 rental of buildings/offices,

 data processing equipment,

 peripherals and run-time expenses,
 office expenses for such as reproduction, telephone, telex and telefax,
 supplies and stationery.
 Additional costs required to be paid for
 representation,
 meetings,
 team building,
 seminars, training and courses.
 Personnel related costs:
 business travel;
 relocation expenses;
 living allowances;
 tax disbursements;
 vehicles;
 vehicle rental and operating expenses.
 Other costs:
 costs for model tests;

 engineering studies and verifications;
 service to company.
RA General office administration
General office administration includes costs related to engineering organisation‟s general services such as
 clerical staff,
 janitorial services,
 canteen services,
 security,
 cleaning,
 other services of general use.
Includes also costs for local authority provided services for electricity, water, sewage and related.
RB Office facilities
Office facilities include costs for the provision of either purchased/leased/hired/rented or otherwise acquired
office facilities required for engineering personnel at all required project locations.
RC Data processing
Includes all investments/purchased/leased/hired/rented acquisition related costs and operating costs for EDP
(information technology – IT) – data and data processing required by the engineering organisation; provision
of EDP and PC hardware and peripherals (printers, scanners, etc.), software, CPU time access costs,
consumables and other EDP related costs.
For EDP printer/plotter paper, see COR RDC.
RD Office expenses
Office expenses relate to costs for reproduction services, telecommunications, office supplies, office
stationary and consumables for the engineering personnel, as outlined under the tertiary level codes
following:

RDA Reproduction
Reproduction includes the provision of reproduction devices/equipment such as photocopiers and combined
copier/telefax, blueprint copiers, photographic and other equipment and/or services for the purposes of
reproduction.
RDB Telecommunications
Telecommunications include all forms of telecommunication equipment and/or devices, hereunder
 telephones,
 telefaxes,
 telexes,
 intercoms,
 public addresses,
 broadcasting systems,
 other forms of communication systems.
The costs include both acquisitions by purchase/lease, hire and operational costs and expenses.
RDC Office supplies and stationery
Office supplies and stationery include the purchase of all equipment, devices and consumables required by
the engineering organisation:
 photocopy paper;
 writing pads and paper;
 printed forms;
 EDP printer/plotter paper;
 pens, pencils, staplers;
 calculators,
 drawing equipment and supplies;
 etc.
RE Personnel expenses
Personnel expenses are costs incurred for the relocation of engineering personnel, hereunder for
 business travel,
 expenses associated with relocation,
 allowances for living and relocation establishment,
 taxation difference disbursements,
 costs for vehicle acquisition and maintenance.
REA Business travel
Business travel includes travel by the engineering organisation required as directly related to a project, for
such as
 meetings with contractors/consultants/company,

 site visits to vendors/suppliers/manufacturers/fabricators/constructors,
 costs related to attendance of topical conferences/seminars and meetings.
The costs include
 air/sea/land travel costs,

 per diems,
 accommodation expenses,

 associated costs.
For travel in connection with personnel relocation and representation, see COR REB and RFA respectively.
REB Relocation expenses and living allowances
Relocation expenses are costs for transfer of project assigned staff to work locations. The costs associated
with relocation are for such as
 relocation establishment costs,
 temporary living allowances until more permanent accommodation is made available,
 permanent accommodation for engineering personnel at other project work locations.
Living allowances are expenses paid to project assigned staff, which are living in accommodation at other
project locations, and travel intermittently between own home location and work site.
REC Tax differential
Tax differentials are disbursements paid by company to compensate for different salary levels combined with
different taxation systems between different locations and countries, which provide a disfavourable personal
income to engineering employees.
RED Vehicle rental and expenses
Vehicles and vehicle expenses include costs for acquisition, purchase/lease/hire/rent of vehicles used by the
engineering personnel. Included are also costs for operating and maintaining the vehicles.
RF Miscellaneous expenses
Miscellaneous expenses hereunder are costs/expenses incurred by the engineering organisation for
 representation of operators/companies/contractors and authorities,

 expenses related to meetings both external to project and internal such as teambuilding,
 training of personnel and training courses.
RFA Representation
Representation costs are costs required to entertain and arrange site visits to “own” sites by other
companies/organisations and/or authorities, and for representing company/engineering contractor at
conferences/seminars or meetings.
The costs may include for travel, fees, accommodation and other related costs.
RFB Meeting expenses
Meeting expenses include charges and fees payable for topical conferences/seminars/meetings attended by
the engineering personnel. Included are also costs for video conferences/meetings.
RFC Training and courses
Training and courses include incurred costs for general and specific training/courses, required to be attended
by engineering personnel for both general topical knowledge and by statutory requirement.
RG Service to company
Service to company includes costs for services provided by engineering contractor at own premises to
company.

The services may include such as
 office space for company personnel,

 lodging,
 IT services,
 copying,
 telephone, telex, telefax,
 cars for company personnel,
 other costs related to service to company.
RH Engineering studies and verifications
All costs related to studies and/or verifications or similar required by owner or by engineering contractor which
are covered by any established formal contractual agreement, though which are required in order to proceed
with engineering contractor's scope of work. The studies/verifications may be done by external organisations.
RM Model tests
Model tests include all costs associated with such as: scaled test model construction irrespective of required
scale and type of model, furbishment of: jigs, model tanks, and simulators, as well as data recording,
monitoring and interpretation, modifications and reports relating to findings during the model tests.
For model building (visualisation models), see COR SFH.
RZ Other engineering overheads
To be included are costs for COR R type overheads not covered by the previous COR R codes.
S Unit work
COR S codes are generally used for work priced in unit rates on an all-inclusive basis – which implies that
several resources may be covered for in the rate.
3 2
These all-inclusive rates are normally based on costs for measurable units like m , m , m, tonne, etc.
The unit rates may cover costs for various resources such as: labour, supervision including administration,
materials, plant and equipment, necessary transportation and testing, and services. Due to the nature of the
work, contracts and local traditions, the resources covered for in the unit rates may vary and thus the unit
works scope and rate.
COR S coding is generally not used when labour and materials can be separated, in these cases other
resource codes are to be used (COR B, L etc.).
COR S work may be under company‟s direct responsibility (some codes are only relevant for company), and
it is to greater extent related to land based installations with civils, etc.
Normally engineering design for civil type contracts is not included in the all-inclusive unit rates; thus civil
coding is generally regarded exclusive engineering unless otherwise indicated. Should therefore some
engineering be included, this should preferably be transferred to the respective engineering COR code by
means of normalising final measured units.
SA Civil work
This code covers civil works other than land based structures (see COR SB) and includes unit work of the
following categories:
 site preparation;
 foundations;
 pile driving/piling;
 trenching and backfilling for piping and cables;

 landscaping.
As outlined under the tertiary level codes following. For major civil work contracts also covering total areas,
e.g. utility area, process area, offsite etc. the area sections of the contracts should be COR coded SA.
SAA Site preparation
Site preparation includes all costs associated with such as
 grading,
 leveling,
 water course construction,
 open drains,
 cutting to fill,
 cutting to spoil,
 import of selected materials for fill,
 fencing and gates.
In order to provide a prepared site.
The work for which there may be a number of speciality contractors, include provision of required plant and
construction equipment, materials, labour and supervision in order to carry out site preparation activities
according to engineering design specifications provided by others.
SAB Foundations
COR SAB include foundations for administrative and industrial buildings and structures.
The work will normally include
 structural excavation for footing/support structures,

 formwork,
 reinforcement bar fixing,
 concrete pour,
 removal of temporary materials,
 backfill and compaction to buildings and structures.
The costs will normally be for the supply of
 plant,
 construction equipment,
 labor,
 supervision,
 permanent and temporary materials.
The work is to be completed according to engineering design specification provided/prepared by others

(company).
SAC Pile driving/piling
Pile driving/piling includes supply of labour, supervision, materials, plant and equipment necessary to carry
out piling (drilled/cast piles) and pile driving (driven concrete/steel piles) activities by use of special pile driving
equipment.
SAD Trenching and backfilling for piping and cables
Trenching and backfilling for piping and cables includes supply of labour, supervision, plant, material and
construction equipment to trench across land and backfill to fit the environment for the purpose of installation
of pipework and/or cables for various purposes.

The work normally includes
 survey of route(s) where relevant,

 earthwork and trenching,
 culvert drainage,
 backfill of mass,
 landscape reinstatement.
SAE Landscaping
Landscaping includes labour, supervision, materials, plant and equipment for such as
 leveling,
 refilling and greening of plant area after construction,
 removal of surplus and debris.
SB Land based structures
This code includes particular structures related to land based installations of the following categories:
 buildings;
 roads;
 bridges;
 jetties and quays;
 tunnels and caverns;
 dams/reservoirs/ponds;
 specialized concrete structures;
 tank erection.
SBA Buildings
Buildings relates to permanent buildings, normally carried out as a complete design and construct contract
activity in which houses, buildings and similar, etc. are built to an agreed per unit all-inclusive rate of
materials, plant, equipment, labour and supervision.
SBB Roads
Roads relate to the supply of labour, supervision, plant, material and equipment to construct access roads,
main roads, of all design and classes. These roads will normally be off plot roads that not form an integral
part of major earthwork and site preparation contracts.
SBC Bridges
Bridges includes all bridge construction by (normally) specialized contractor for all types of bridge/crossing
constructions other than onshore pipeline crossings (see COR SCF) and railway bridges (see COR SBG).
The work may include engineering design and will normally include the supply of labour, plant, supervision,
material and equipment to construct complete bridges.
SBD Jetties and quays
Jetties and quays include all construction, often by specialised contractor, for all types of these constructions.
The work may include engineering design and will normally include the supply of labour, supervision, plant,
material and equipment to construct complete jetties and quays.
SBE Tunnels and caverns
Tunnels and caverns includes all construction, normally by specialised contractor, for all types of tunnel and
cavern constructions other than railway tunnels (see COR SBG) or pipeline tunnels (see COR SCF). The

work may include engineering design and will normally include the supply of labour, supervision, plant,
material and equipment to construct complete tunnels and caverns.
SBF Dams/reservoirs/ponds
This code includes all costs related to construction and outfitting of all types of dams/reservoirs/ponds of any
purposes (for water regulation, water supply, etc.).
The work may include
 removal of mass,
 formwork,
 concrete work,
 removal of temporary materials,
Further this work may include a number of speciality contractors which will provide and install special water
treatment plant equipment and reticulation. The cost may include engineering design and will normally
include supply of plant, labour, supervision, construction equipment, permanent and temporary materials in
order to complete construct the dam/reservoir/pond.
SBG Railways
Railway construction includes all construction, often by specialised contractor, for all types of railway
construction. The work may include engineering design and will normally include the supply of labour,
supervision, plant, material and equipment to construct complete railway systems. Railway construction may
also include formation work, structural excavation, tunnels and bridges/crossings.
SBH Specialized concrete structures
This code covers construction of specialized concrete structures related to such as
 access tunnels,
 bridges,
 protection structures, etc.
A contract may include engineering and design, and the work will normally include supply of plant,
construction equipment, labour, supervision, permanent and temporary materials and, if required, supply and
installation of prefabricated elements.
This code is only to be used for work issued at an agreed per unit all-inclusive rate of materials and labour
(unit work basis). Reference is made to bulk material and labour‟s code of resources (COR B, L, etc.) for use
for any other contractual agreement.
SBI Tank erection
Tank erection includes all construction normally by specialised contractor, for all types of storage tanks. For
caverns, see COR SBE. The work may include design engineering and will normally include the supply of
labour, plant, material and equipment to construct, install/erect storage tanks.
COR SBI is deemed not applicable for offshore projects.
SC Pipelines
This code includes pipelines/flowlines related unit work of the following categories
 onshore pipelaying,
 pipeline coating,
 pipeline insulation,
 pipeline heating,

 trenching and backfilling for onshore pipelines,

 onshore pipeline crossings,
 tie-in of pipelines onshore,
 pipeline RFO.
As outlined in the tertiary level codes following.
The codes under COR SC are relevant for onshore pipelines and/or offshore pipelines as indicated.
Scope of work for an onshore pipeline contract will often cover several of the tertiary level codes (reflected in
the compensation section) and the costs should be allocated accordingly. Design engineering is normally
performed by others, unless otherwise indicated.
SCA Onshore pipelaying
Onshore pipelaying include supply of labour, supervision, material (linepipe is often company provided) and
construction equipment to install and complete the pipeline.
SCB Pipeline coating
Pipeline coating relates to both corrosion coating and weight coating (concrete), and may be relevant for both
onshore and offshore pipelines. Corrosion coating may be internal and/or external coating, but internal
coating is normally delivered with the linepipe from the steel mill.
For corrosion coating, the work includes
 receival of linepipe,
 handling,
 shotblasting,
 priming and wrapping to required thickness of coatings.
Corrosion coating may be any of a number of types – asphalt enamel, neoprene, epoxy, etc.
For weight coating, the work includes
 receival and handling,

 installation of anodes, normally delivered by others,
 coating by reinforced concrete to required thickness,
 stockpiling of coated linepipe,
 loading onto pipecarriers for further transportation.
The costs will normally be for the supply of
 site facilities,
 labor,
 supervision,
 temporary and permanent materials.
This code is only to be used for work issued at an agreed per unit all-inclusive rate of material and labour.
Reference is made to bulk material and labour‟ code of resources (COR B, L, etc.) for use for any other
contractual agreement.
SCC Pipeline insulation
For pipeline insulation – most relevant for offshore pipelines/flowlines – the work includes such as
 receival and handling of linepipe,

 cleaning,
 priming/coating where relevant,
 application of insulation (and protection when relevant) according to specification,

 stockpiling of insulated linepipe,

 loading on to pipecarriers for further transportation.
The costs will normally be for supply of
 site facilities,
 labor,
 supervision,
 temporary and permanent materials.
SCD Pipeline heating
Pipeline heating – most relevant for offshore pipelines/flowlines – will normally include heating (by el. cable or
piping with heating medium) and may include corrosion protection and insulation.
The work and the costs may include similar as described under COR SCC plus installation of cable or heating
pipe, accessories, strapping and ditto materials.
SCE Trenching and backfilling for onshore pipelines
Trenching and backfilling for onshore pipelines includes supply of labour, supervision, plant, material and
construction equipment to trench across land and backfill to fit the environment for the purpose of pipeline
installation.
 survey of route(s),
 earthwork and trenching,
 culvert drainage,
 installation of weights to avoid upfloating,
 backfilling of mass,
SCF Onshore pipeline crossings
Onshore pipeline crossings are constructions – mainly bridges, tunnels, supports and similar – to allow the
pipeline(s) to pass barriers like
 rivers,
 fjords,
 ponds/pools,
 trenches and ravines,
 roads,
 railways, etc.
The work may include design engineering and will normally include the supply of labour, supervision, plant,
material and equipment to construct complete crossings.
SCG Tie-in of pipelines onshore
Tie-in of pipelines onshore includes tie-in
 to offshore pipelines at shore approach,

 to onshore facilities, or
 to onshore wellsites.
Tie-in may be a welded joint, a mechanical flanged connection, or coupling/connector where relevant.

The work will normally include the supply of labour, supervision, material and equipment to complete the
tie-in.
SCH Pipeline RFO
Pipeline RFO – ready for operation – covers precommissioning/commissioning of on-/offshore pipelines and
flowlines (infield pipelines), primarily on unit work basis.
The work will normally include such as
 flooding,
 hydrotesting,
 dewatering,
 cleaning and gauging,
 pigtracking,
 transportation, logistics and services.
The work may include engineering and will normally include supply of materials (including consumables and
chemicals), labour, supervision, plant/equipment and vessels to complete RFO.
SD Temporaries contracts
This code covers facilities and services required to support workers and staff during the construction period
of an onshore plant/land based installation, priced at an all-inclusive basis.
The facilities and services – ordered by and under the responsibility of company – include: construction
camp, construction camp operation, construction camp catering and site services, as outlined under the
tertiary level codes following:
SDA Construction camp
The camp is required to support construction workers and staff during the construction period. Scope of work
for construction of the camp includes such as
 design (optional),
 procurement of prefabricated units and materials,
 transport and erection of units at site,
 site preparation including provision of foundations,
 sewage/water supply,
 treatment and reticulation within camp perimeters,
 supervision and provision of construction equipment, etc.
Further included are
 preparation for and supply of power and reticulation within perimeters,

 parking areas,
 laydown areas,
 caravan parks,
 associated facilities such as water, sewage, power, amenities, etc.
The scope may also include temporaries like
 offices, buildings,
 warehouses,
 workshops,
 welfare center including sport room,
 cinema,
 kiosk,
 health center,
 hospital, etc.

All complete furnished and fitted.
Permanent camps – also called operation centres are not considered to be relevant for code SDA.
SDB Construction camp operation
Camp operation includes such as
 staff to carry out operations according to project requirements,

 camp administration,
 liaise authorities – camp police,
 camp security,
 firefighting personnel for the camp,
 maintenance personnel,
 waste disposal,
 materials/consumables required during construction period to maintain operations,
 other camp running costs.
SDC Construction camp catering
Catering in connection with the construction camp includes provision of such as
 food and beverages for the purpose of providing meals,

 consumables,
 catering personnel,
 cleaning staff,
 amenities,
 etc.
For catering in connection with flotel and living quarter, see COR XP.
SDD Site services
Site services include miscellaneous services for the site personnel (i.e. contractors, subcontractors, vendors,
company etc.) during the construction period, priced at an all-inclusive basis.
Site services may include such as
 post and courier services,

 site security and police services,
 service by priest,
 fireguards and firefighting personnel,
 protection ombudsman/main shop steward (“verneombud/hovedtillitsmann”),
 site cars,
 temporary power equipment, power and water running cost,
 common communication facilities/equipment rental,
 miscellaneous rentals of equipment, necessary appliances, etc. (incl. running costs),
 other site related services during the construction period.
SE Drilling and services
COR SE includes tertiary level codes for turnkey drilling operations including necessary drilling related
services and separate drilling related services, as outlined below, priced at an all-inclusive basis.
SEA Drilling and drilling services
Normally issued as turnkey contracts to specialised contractor for drilling operations and not included under
“drilling, production and operations” activities.

The costs include supply of
 drilling crews,
 drilling services,
 drilling rigs,
 operating costs for rigs,
 materials,
 consumables and temporary materials.
The work is intended for
 exploration/appraisal wells commenced after approval of a plan for development and operation though
prior to production start. Includes: drilling, completion and well testing, logging, etc.
 drilling of disposal wells for effluent discharge,
 drilling of wells into natural aquifers – artesian basins to provide water for consumption/injection.
SEB Separate drilling – and downhole services
This includes specialist personnel (including necessary equipment) related to services such as
 drilling services,
 downhole services,
 logging,
 core sampling,
 mud specialties,
 stimulations, etc.
Above are considered as services during field development/construction stage prior to handover to operator‟s
organisations – drilling and production budgets.
SF Miscellaneous unit work
COR SF includes unit work of the following categories:
 electrical power transmission;

 electrical/instrument installation;
 piping erection;
 insulation;
 fireproofing;
 painting and application;
 scaffolding;
 model building.
As outlined under the tertiary level codes following.
Model building may be relevant both for offshore and onshore project, the remaining are deemed not
applicable for offshore projects.
SFA Electrical power transmission
This code relates to supply and erection of towers/masts/poles/pylons for carrying overhead high-voltage
electric transmission cables including provision of all associated components, outfitting and cabling, covered
for as unit work.
The work normally includes
 ground preparation and excavation,

 construction of foundations,
 construction and erection of the pylons and cable pull,
 testing.

The cost may include for engineering and will normally include for
 supply of plant facilities,

 transportation,
 labour and supervision,
 permanent and temporary materials.
SFB Electrical/instrument installation
Electrical/instrument Installation unit work may be carried out as a complete land based design and construct
activity in which materials, manpower and facilities are built in to an agreed per unit all inclusive rate.
This code is only to be used for work issued at an agreed per unit all-inclusive rate of materials and labour.
Reference is made to bulk material and labour‟s code of resource (COR B, L, etc.) for use for any other
SFC Piping erection
Piping erection as unit work is predominantly related to land based process industry, where a
contract/subcontract is issued for supply of
 materials,
 labor and supervision,
 plant and equipment to erect process, utility and service piping at the facilities.
Normally used at existing facilities for upgrading/retrofitting and other purposes.
SFD Insulation
Insulation as unit work may consider supply and installation of
 required thermal or acoustic insulation,

 piping insulation with heat tracing or enclosed insulation,
 reflective insulation such as films, fabrics or other.
The work is normally performed by a specialised contractor at construction site (land based), and the cost
includes supply and transport of materials, equipment, labour and supervision for the application. For pipeline
insulation, see SCC.
SFE Fireproofing
Fireproofing as unit work may consider supply and application/installation of
 passive fireproofing (spray-on),

 firewalls.
The work is normally performed by a specialised contractor at construction site (land based), and the cost
includes supply and transport of materials, equipment, labour and supervision for the application/installation.
Insulation and fireproofing may be combined in one contract/subcontract and should be split according to the
contract compensation section, for final cost reporting purposes.

SFF Painting and application
Painting and application as unit work include all applied protective coatings, coverings, sprayed coating and
other applications required to provide surface protection for land based facilities. For fireproofing, see COR
SFE.
A specialised contractor normally performed the work, and cost includes supply and transport of materials,
equipment, labour and supervision for the application.
This code is only to be used for unit work issued at an agreed per unit all-inclusive rate of materials and
labour. Reference is made to bulk material and labour‟s code of resources (COR B and L, etc.) for use for
any other contractual agreement.
SFG Scaffolding
Scaffolding as unit work is predominantly related to land based process industry, when a contract/subcontract
is issued for supply, installation, maintenance and removal of scaffolding.
A specialised contractor at the construction site normally performs the work.
The cost normally include rental of scaffolds, materials and equipment/tools, transportation, labour and
supervision.
SFH Model building
Model building include specialised personnel, materials and equipment for construction of scaled models of
whole or part of facilities – onshore and/or offshore.
SZ Other unit work
Includes costs for unit work, which are not described in the previous COR S codes.
X Marine operations and logistics
The code for marine operations and logistics includes all cost related to marine operations, helicopter
transport, etc. The costs may include for
 contractors engineering and administration,

 mobilisation of vessel and equipment,
 certification of vessel and equipment,
 maintenance and modification of vessel and equipment,
 harbor fees,
 pilot fees,
 towing in the harbor,
 duties, insurance, loading/discharging expenses,
 preparation for sailing,
 dayrates of vessel and equipment including crew, both for standby and operational time periods,
 helicopter transport of crew to and from an offshore position of vessel,
 fuel, lubricants and consumables,
 provision of documentation and back-up materials (videos, etc.),
 demobilization of vessel and equipment.
XA Survey vessels
Includes all types of certified vessels hired for the purpose of seabed, route survey and soil investigation work
including operating through all phases of e.g. a project.
The vessels may include helideck, cranes, ROV (remotely operated vessel) support, photo laboratory,
different purpose of control rooms and workshops, dynamic positioning and reference systems, in addition to
equipment and facilities for direct performance of the work.

The scope include all cost related to hire of vessel, inclusive mob/demob, crew and specialist operators in
addition to provision and operation of a ROV and diving personnel and equipment when required.
Reference is made to the different categories of vessels:
 survey vessels;
 soil survey vessels;
 air diving, ROV operating vessels;
 shallow water survey vessels;
 2D seismic vessels;
 3D seismic vessels.
XB Drilling vessels
Includes all types of floating vessels hired for drilling, completion and workover of wells during all
development phases and may also be used for inspection, services, repair and abandonment of subsea
installations.
The vessels are normally equipped with helicopter-deck, purposed control equipment, SCR system, etc. in
addition to all necessary equipment and facilities for direct performance of the work.
The costs include such as hire of drilling vessel inclusive mob/demob, crew and all required categories of
drilling labours and operators, diving personnel and equipment, and additional, separate work boat(s) as
required.
The code excludes bulk items used for the operation which are to be coded according to COR – drilling bulk
and unit work (turn key drilling under COR S).
 drilling vessels/ships;
 deepwater drilling vessels/ships;
 semi submersibles 1st generation;
 semi submersibles 2nd generation;
 semi submersibles 3rd generation;
 semi submersibles 4th generation;
 semi submersibles 5th generation;
 jack-ups (< 70 m water depth);
 jack-ups (70 m to 100 m water depth);
 jack-ups (> 100 m water depth);
 drilling barges;
 tender assisted drilling barges/vessels;
 completion/workover vessels;
 other drilling facilities/vessels.
XC Lifting vessels
Lifting vessels relates to the lifting operations and includes lifting vessel with crew and items mentioned under
X – Marine operations and logistics. Special studies of slings, testing of vessel, etc. are normally also
included.
 inshore crane barges (lifting cap. < 600 tonnes);

 inshore crane barges (lifting cap. > 600 tonnes);
 crane barges – SSCV (lifting cap. < 3 000 tonnes);
 crane barges – SSCV (lifting cap. 3 000 tonnes to 10 000 tonnes);
 crane barges – SSCV (lifting cap. > 10 000 tonnes).

The code only includes lifting vessels. All remaining vessels required for the lifting operation, such as guard
vessels, anchor-handling tugs, supply vessels, etc. should be coded according to the respective Code of
Resources. But if only cost for spreads is available, see COR XX.
XD Pipelaying vessels – S-lay
Relates to all types of certified vessels and/or barges used for S-pipelaying operations. The vessels may also
be used for pull-in operations and installation of mechanical protection of the pipelines.
The code only includes the pipelaying vessel. All remaining vessels required for the pipelaying operation,
such as survey vessels, ROV spread, guard vessels, anchor-handling tugs, supply vessels, pipecarriers, etc.
should be coded according to the respective code of resources. But if only cost for spreads is available, see
COR XX.
XE Flexible pipeline-/cablelaying vessels
Relates to special vessels hired for installation and pull-in operations of flexible pipelines and cables.
This code only includes the pipe- or cablelaying vessel. All remaining vessels required for the installation
operation, such as survey vessels, ROV spread, guard vessels, anchor-handling tugs, supply vessels, etc.
should be coded according to the respective code of resources. If only costs for spreads are available, see
COR XX.
 flexible pipeline laying vessels;

 cable laying vessels.
XF Trenching vessels
Trenching vessels and/or barges relate to pipeline-, umbilical-, flowlines- and/or power cable-trenching
operations and include vessel with crew and items mentioned under X – Marine operations and logistics.
Special studies/performance tests, etc. are also included.
 plowing vessels – different kinds of plows normally dragged after a barge that make use of anchors to
move forward;
 water jetting vessels – a jet-sled dragged behind a barge/vessel. The jetting principle is that high-
pressure, high-velocity water jet cut the pipeline trench and put the bottom material into suspension with
seawater. The introduction of air into the suspension hydro-pneumatically lifts the spoil from the trench.
When the suspension stabilises, the sea bottom particles settle and air rises to the surface;
 mechanical trenchers – mechanical cutters such as Heeremas Eager Beaver or Digging Beaver,
Kvaerner Trencher, etc.
XG Dredging vessels
Dredging vessels relates to dredging operations and include vessel with crew and items mentioned under X –
Marine operations and logistics. The dredging vessels can deliver the spoil either to be discharged via one of
the suction pipes and deposited accurately on the seabed, or via pipeline to a shore terminal or to a barge
alongside.
 suction hopper dredger;

 cutter suction dredger.

XH Gravel/rock dumping vessels
Gravel/rock dumping vessels relates to gravel/rock dumping operations and include vessel with crew and
items mentioned under X – Marine operations and logistics. Transit time, loading time, etc. is also included
hereunder.
The vessels are normally used for pipeline stabilisation and protection work, which can include pipeline burial,
free span correction and backfilling.
The gravel/rock can be dumped in different ways depending of type of vessel:
 rock dumping vessels – self-propelled vessels either with large bottom doors or with hydraulic driven
shovels for discharging;
 pipeline bury barges/vessels – normally barges with no propulsion but with large bottom doors;
 fallpipe dumping vessels – self-propelled DP vessels dumps the gravel/stones through a fallpipe
system which is positioned over the pipeline/dumping area.
XI Multi-functional support vessels – MSV
Multi-functional vessels mainly relates to offshore construction operations. It includes vessel with crew and
items mentioned under X – Marine operations and logistics. Diving consumables, re-designing of diving
equipment, etc. are also included.
These vessels can also be used for other operations like offshore hook-up activities, firefighting, lifting
operations, survey operations, etc.
XJ Towing vessels
Towing vessels or tugs are vessels needed for towing operations and include vessel with crew and items
mentioned under X – Marine operations and logistics.
 harbor tugs (< 4 000 hp) ;

 barge tugs (4 000 hp to 6 000 hp) ;
 towtugs (6 000 hp to 12 000 hp) ;
 anchor handling tugs – AHT (6 000 hp to 12 000 hp);
 main towtugs (> 12 000 hp).
XK Barges
Barges:
Flat top barges, jacket launch barges, etc., which have no propulsion machinery and have to be towed.
Crews are normally not included within barge hire.
 barges (100 m x 30 m – 10 000 tonnes);

 barges (25 000 tonnes);
 barges (30 000 tonnes);
 barges (60 000 tonnes).
XL Supply vessels/pipecarriers
Supply vessels relate to the supply operations and include vessel with crew and items mentioned under
X – Marine operations and logistics.

 supply vessels;
 pipecarriers.
XM Piling vessels/barges
Purpose built vessels/barges for piling operations. The vessel uses a hammer, either hydraulic or steam
driven to penetrate the piles into the sea bottom. Piling vessel/barges include vessel with crew and items
mentioned under X – Marine operations and logistics. Tests, etc. are also included.
XN Pile driving equipment
Usually two types – either hydraulic or steam driven piling hammers.
XO Flotels
A flotel is a floating accommodation unit positioned alongside or close to a fixed offshore installation during
operation. It includes the floating unit with marine operating crew and items mentioned under X – Marine
operations and logistics. (For catering, see COR XP.)
 flotel – semi submersibles (< 300 beds);

 flotel – semi submersibles (300 beds to 500 beds);
 flotel – semi submersibles (> 500 beds);
 flotel – ships;
 flotel – barges.
XP Catering (flotel and LQ)
This code covers catering in connection with use of flotel and/or Living Quarter offshore for the project
personnel. The costs include for such as
 catering personnel,
 cleaning staff,
 consumables,
 food and beverages,
 room cleaning and laundry services,
 amenities,
 etc.
XQ Pipelaying vessels – J-lay
Relates to all types of certified vessels and/or barges used for J-pipelaying operations. The vessels may also
be used for pull-in operations and installation of mechanical protection of the pipelines.
COR XX.
XR Pipelaying vessels – reel
Relates to all types of certified vessels and/or barges used for reel – pipelaying operations. The vessels may
also be used for pull-in operations and installation of mechanical protection of the pipelines.
COR XX.

XS Heavy transport vessels
Heavy lift carriers:

These vessels are self-propelled. The loading operation can be done in two different ways:
 skidded or lifted onboard;

 the vessel can be lowered so that the loading can be floated on to the deck and the vessel is then
deballasted.
Heavy lift carriers include vessel with crew and items mentioned under X – Marine operations and logistics.
Stabilisation tests, etc. are also included.
 heavy lift carriers (100 m x 30 m – 10 000 tonnes);

 heavy lift carriers (120 m x 40 m – 15 000 tonnes);
 heavy lift carriers (converted VLCC).
XT Diving support vessels
Diving support vessels mainly relates to diving operations. It includes vessel with crew and items mentioned
under X – Marine operations and logistics. Diving consumables, re-designing of diving equipment, etc. are
also included.
These vessels can also be used for other operations like offshore hook-up activities, firefighting, lifting
operations, survey operations, etc.
 diving support vessels – DSV;

 air diving vessels.
XU Helicopters
Helicopters used for transportation of persons and small items of e.g. equipment to and from offshore
platforms, rigs and ships. Aircraft with crew, fees, fuel and consumables are normally included within the
helicopter hire.
XV Support base
Includes onshore support base – also termed supply base – for offshore works, and in some cases also
applied for inshore works. The support base provides services with regard to materials for offshore
installation:
 receipt of materials;
 handling and storage;
 delivery (e.g. to supply ships).
The storage may be hot or cold and in-house or outdoor localised. The cost covers for area hire, base
personnel, utilities, etc.
Company normally orders the use of the support base for a project and is often owner of the support base.
XX Spreads
Vessels in COR X should preferably be estimated/costed separately. But when only costs for spreads are
available, the XX-codes apply.
The vessels in a spread may vary in numbers and type dependent on e.g. field location, contractual matters,
other projects, etc.

The spreads are categorised according to use as shown in the tertiary level codes following. The costs cover
items mentioned under X – Marine operations and logistics.
XXA Lifting spread
In addition to the lifting vessel, the spread may include: transport vessel, tugs etc. The lifting vessel category
should be indicated in the estimate/costs set up.
XXB Pipelaying spread
In addition to the pipelay vessel, the spread may include: pipecarriers, supply vessels, survey vessels, ROV
spread, anchor-handling tugs, guard vessels etc. The pipelay vessel category should be indicated in the
estimate/cost set up.
XXC Flexipipe-laying spread
In addition to the lay-vessel, the spread may include similar support vessels as mentioned under COR XXB.
XXD Cablelaying spread
In addition to the lay-vessel, the spread may include similar support vessels as mentioned under COR XXB.
XXZ Other spread
Includes costs for spreads other than described in the previous XX-codes.
XY Misc. vessels and equipment
Miscellaneous vessels and equipment include vessels not described in any of the other vessel categories and
different kinds of offshore vessel related equipment that may be used.
The vessels mentioned include vessel with crew and items mentioned under X – Marine operations and
logistics. Any tests, transit time, loading time, etc. are also included. Equipment is meant to be special
equipment used onboard vessels.
For vessel code categorisation, use following tertiary level codes:
XYA Standby/rescue AHTS vessels
XYB Standby/rescue vessels
XYC Firefighting vessels
XYD Crew boats
XYE Well stimulation vessels
XYF Grouting vessels
XZ Other vessels and equipment
Includes costs for COR X type vessels and vessel related equipment not included in previous X-codes.
Y Land based plant and equipment
This primary code relates to all costs associated with the provision of all plant, machinery and equipment
priced separately, required for civil works, general construction and supporting services for landbased
projects, hereunder for such as
 earthworks,

 piling,
 compacting,
 craneage/lifting,
 trucks and vehicles,
 railway tracklaying equipment,
 tunneling equipment,
 hoists and winches,
 welding, cutting and bending equipment,
 generators,
 concreting equipment,
 spreaders and pavers, and
 other land based plant and equipment.
Land based plant and equipment is subgrouped and coded as follows:
YA Track type tractors
YAA Track tractor (600 hp to 800 hp)

YAB Track tractor (400 hp to 600 hp)
YAC Track tractor (250 hp to 400 hp)
YAD Track tractor (180 hp to 250 hp)
YAE Track tractor (120 hp to 180 hp)
YAF Track tractor (90 hp to 120 hp)
YAG Track tractor (70 hp to 90 hp)
YAH Track tractor (50 hp to 70 hp)
YAI Bulldozer blades – universal and straight
YAJ Bulldozer blades – special purpose
YAK Rippers – single/multi-shank
YAL Rippers – linkage/hydraulic
YAM Ripper-scarifiers
YAN Backhoe arrangements
YAO Winches and hydraulic controls
YAP Towed scrapers
YAY Operating spare parts
YAZ Other track type tractors
YB Motor graders
YBA Motor grader (200 hp to 300 hp)

YBB Motor grader (160 hp to 200 hp)
YBC Motor grader (140 hp to 160 hp)
YBD Motor grader (120 hp to 140 hp)
YBE Motor grader (100 hp to 120 hp)
YBF Scarifier attachments
YBY Operating spare parts
YBZ Other motor graders
YC Excavators
YCA Track type – backhoe (250 hp to 400 hp)

YCB Track type – backhoe (180 hp to 250 hp)
YCC Track type – backhoe (140 hp to 180 hp)
YCD Track type – backhoe (100 hp to 140 hp)
YCE Track type – backhoe (80 hp to 100 hp)
YCF Track type – backhoe (60 hp to 80 hp)
YCG Track type – backhoe (40 hp to 60 hp)
YCH Track type – backhoe (< 40 hp)
YCI Wheel type – backhoe (180 hp to 250 hp)
YCJ Wheel type – backhoe (140 hp to 180 hp)

YCK Wheel type – backhoe (100 hp to 140 hp)

YCL Wheel type – backhoe (80 hp to 100 hp)
YCM Wheel type – backhoe (60 hp to 80 hp)
YCN Wheel type – backhoe (40 hp to 60 hp)
YCO Wheel type – backhoe (< 40 hp)
YCP Track type – front shovel (250 hp to 400 hp)
YCQ Track type – front shovel (180 hp to 250 hp)
YCR Track type – front shovel (140 hp to 180 hp)
YCS Face shovel attachments
YCT Power shovel attachments
YCU Dragline attachments
YCV Clamshell attachments
YCW Combination tractor/backhoe
YCY Operating spare parts
YCZ Other excavators
YD Skidders
YDA Motor skidder (150 hp to 200 hp)

YDB Motor skidder (120 hp to 150 hp)
YDC Motor skidder (100 hp to 120 hp)
YDD Motor skidder ( 80 hp to 100 hp)
YDY Operating spare parts
YDZ Other skidders
YE Pipelayers
YEA Pipelayer (400 hp to 500 hp)

YEB Pipelayer (300 hp to 400 hp)
YEC Pipelayer (200 hp to 300 hp)
YED Pipelayer (150 hp to 200 hp)
YEE Pipelayer (100 hp to 150 hp)
YEF Midwestern sideboom – track tractors
YEG Midwestern sideboom – compactors
YEH Midwestern sideboom – wheel loaders
YEY Operating spare parts
YEZ Other pipelayers
YF Wheel tractor scrapers
YFA Standard scraper (500 hp to 600 hp)

YFB Standard scraper (400 hp to 500 hp)
YFC Standard scraper (300 hp to 400 hp)
YFD Standard scraper (200 hp to 300 hp)
YFE Tandem powered scraper (500 hp to 600 hp)
YFF Tandem powered scraper (400 hp to 500 hp)
YFG Tandem powered scraper (300 hp to 400 hp)
YFH Tandem powered scraper (200 hp to300 hp)
YFI Elevating scraper (400 hp to 500 hp)
YFJ Elevating scraper (300 hp to 400 hp)
YFK Elevating scraper (200 hp to 300 hp)
YFL Elevating scraper (100 hp to 200 hp)
YFM Tandem powered elevating scraper (400 hp to 500 hp)
YFN Tandem powered elevating scraper (300 hp to 400 hp)
YFY Operating spare parts
YFZ Other wheel tractor scrapers
YG Off-highway trucks
YGA Diesel powered (800 hp to 900 hp)

YGB Diesel powered (700 hp to 800 hp)

YGC Diesel powered (600 hp to 700 hp)
YGD Diesel pwered (500 hp to 600 hp)
YGE Diesel powered (400 hp to 500 hp)
YGF Diesel powered (300 hp to 400 hp)
YGG Diesel/electric (900 hp to 1100 hp)
YGH Diesel/electric (800 hp to 900 hp)
YGI Diesel/electric (700 hp to 800 hp)
YGJ Diesel/electric (600 hp to 700 hp)
YGY Operating spare parts
YGZ Other off-highway trucks
YH Off-highway tractors
YHA Diesel powered (800 hp to 900 hp)

YHB Diesel powered (700 hp to 800 hp)
YHC Diesel powered (600 hp to 700 hp)
YHD Diesel powered (500 hp to 600 hp)
YHE Diesel powered (400 hp to 500 hp)
YHY Operating spare parts
YHZ Other off-highway tractors
YI Wheel tractors
YIA Wheel tractor (300 hp to 400 hp)

YIB Wheel tractor (200 hp to 300 hp)
YIC Wheel tractor (150 hp to 200 hp)
YID Bulldozer blades
YIE Scarifier attachments
YIY Operating spare parts
YIZ Other wheel tractors
YJ Compactors
YJA Sheepsfoot (300 hp to 350 hp)

YJB Sheepsfoot (250 hp to 300 hp)
YJC Sheepsfoot (200 hp to 250 hp)
YJD Towed sheepsfoot
YJE Driven grid/mesh drum
YJF Towed grid/mesh drum
YJG Driven smooth steel drum
YJH Towed smooth steel drum
YJI Driven multi-tiered roller
YJJ Towed multi-tiered roller
YJK Driven heavy pneumatic roller
YJL Towed heavy pneumatic roller
YJM Driven vibratory tamping foot
YJN Towed vibratory tamping foot
YJO High speed tamping foot
YJP Chopper wheels
YJQ Portable plate vibrators
YJR Portable tampers
YJY Operating spare parts
YJZ Other compactors
YK Wheel loaders
YKA Wheel loader (500 hp to 700 hp)

YKB Wheel loader (400 hp to 500 hp)
YKC Wheel loader (300 hp to 400 hp)

YKD Wheel loader (200 hp to 300 hp)

YKE Wheel loader (150 hp to 200 hp)
YKF Wheel loader (100 hp to 150 hp)
YKG Wheel loader (80 hp to 100 hp)
YKH Wheel loader (60 hp to 80 hp)
YKI Wheel loader (< 60 hp)
YKJ Wheel loader buckets
YKK Combination wheel loader/backhoe
YKY Operating spare parts
YKZ Other wheel loaders
YL Track loaders
YLA Track loader (250 hp to 300 hp)

YLB Track loader (200 hp to 250 hp)
YLC Track loader (150 hp to 200 hp)
YLD Track loader (100 hp to 150 hp)
YLE Track loader (80 hp to 100 hp)
YLF Track loader (60 hp to 80 hp)
YLG Track loader (< 60 hp)
YLH General purpose buckets
YLI Multi purpose buckets
YLJ Side dump buckets
YLY Operating spare parts
YLZ Other track loaders
YM Cranes
YMA Track type crane (> 2000 tonnes)

YMB Track type crane (1500 tonnes to2000 tonnes)
YMC Track type crane (1000 tonnes to 1500 tonnes)
YMD Track type crane (800 tonnes to 1000 tonnes)
YME Track type crane (600 tonnes to 800 tonnes)
YMF Track type crane (400 tonnes to 600 tonnes)
YMG Track type crane (200 tonnes to 400 tonnes)
YMH Track type crane (100 tonnes to 200 tonnes)
YMI Track type crane (5 tonnes-100 tonnes)
YMJ Wheel type crane (> 150 tonnes)
YMK Wheel type crane (100 tonnes to 150 tonnes)
YML Wheel type crane (80 tonnes to 100 tonnes)
YMM Wheel type crane (60 tonnes to 80 tonnes)
YMN Wheel type crane (40 tonnes to 60 tonnes)
YMO Wheel type crane (20 tonnes to 40 tonnes)
YMP Wheel type crane (10 tonnes to 20 tonnes)
YMQ Wheel type crane (< 10 tonnes)
YMR Sheerleg type crane
YMS Tower type crane
YMT Gantry/portal type crane
YMU Pedestal type crane
YMV Booms, jibs and accessories – track crane
YMW Booms, jibs and accessories – wheel crane
YMX Booms, jibs and accessories – other crane
YMY Operating spare parts
YMZ Other cranes
YN Forklifts
YNA Forklifts – electrical

YNB Forklifts – gas driven
YNC Forklifts – diesel driven

YND Rough terrain forklifts

YNE Rough terrain telescopic handlers
YNF Forklift attachments to loaders
YNG Other forklift attachments
YNY Operating spare parts
YNZ Other forklifts
YO Trucks and vehicles

3
YOA Dumper truck (> 20 m )
3 3
YOB Dumper truck (15 m to 20 m )
3 3
YOC Dumper truck (10 m to 15 m )
3 3
YOD Dumper truck (5 m to 10 m )
3
YOE Dumper truck (< 5 m )
YOF Low loader truck (> 100 tonnes)
YOG Low loader truck (80 tonnes to100 tonnes)
YOH Low loader truck (50 tonnes to 80 tonnes)
YOI Low loader truck (20 tonnes to 50 tonnes)
YOJ Low loader truck (< 20 tonnes)
YOK Multi rubber tyred vehicles – module transport
YOL Flat bed semi trailer (> 50 tonnes)
YOM Flat bed semi trailer (30 tonnes to 50 tonnes)
YON Flat bed semi trailer (10 tonnes to 30 tonnes)
YOO Flat bed truck (> 15 tonnes)
YOP Flat bed truck (10 tonnes to 15 tonnes)
YOQ Flat bed truck (5 tonnes to 10 tonnes)
YOR Flat bed truck (< 5 tonnes T)
YOS Container trucks and semi-trailers
YOT Dry bulk tankers
YOU Liquid bulk tankers
YOV Gas tankers
YOW Service trucks and vehicles
YOY Operating spare parts
YOZ Other trucks and vehicles
YP Draglines
3
YPA Track type dragline (> 20 m )
3 3
YPB Track type dragline (10 m to 20 m )
3 3
YPC Track type dragline (8 m to 10 m )
3 3
YPD Track type dragline (5 m to 8 m )
3
YPE Track type dragline (< 5 m )
3
YPF Wheel type dragline (> 5 m )
3
YPG Wheel type dragline (< 5 m )
YPH Walking dragline
YPK Dragline booms, buckets and accessories
YPY Operating spare parts
YPZ Other draglines
YQ Pile driving equipment
YQA Track type purpose built piling machines

YQB Wheel type purpose built piling machines
YQC Mountable booms, weights and accessories
YQD Piling hammers – diesel
YQE Piling hammers – steam
YQF Piling hammers – air
YQG Piling hammers – hydraulic
YQH Pile extractors
YQI Pile frames and leaders

YQJ Earth boring equipment

YQY Operating spare parts
YQZ Other piling equipment
YR Tracklaying equipment
YRA Tamping machines

YRB Alignment machines
YRC Ballasting wagons
YRD Prime mover/locomotives
YRE Combination tracklayers
YRF Sleeper wagons
YRG Crane jigs
YRH Track welding equipment
YRI Hydraulics jacks and jigs
YRJ Pneumatic jacks and hammers
YRK Tank wagons
YRL Rail wagons
YRY Operating spare parts
YRZ Other tracklaying equipment
YS Tunnels and cavern equipment
YSA Full face boring machines

YSB Raisers and lifts
YSC Drilling machines and equipment
YSD Pneumatic jacks and hammers
YSE Winches and hoists
YSF Air supply and extract systems
YSG Power supply and lighting systems
YSH Dewatering systems
YSI Mucking wagons and equipment
YSK Drill bits and tools
YSY Operating spare parts
YSZ Other tunnels and cavern equipment
YT Hoists and winches
YTA Jacking towers and equipment

YTB Pneumatic winches
YTC Electric winches
YTD Hydraulic winches
YTE Personnel hoists
YTF Goods hoists
YTG Builders hoists
YTY Operating spare parts
YTZ Other hoists and winches
YU Welding, cutting and bending equipment
YUA Alignment jigs

YUB Automatic orbital welding machines
YUC Automatic orbital cutters
YUD End preparation mills and grinders
YUE Pipeline bending machines
YUF AC/DC – welding equipment
YUG MIG/MAG – welding equipment
YUH TIG – welding equipment
YUI Automatic welding equipment
YUJ Gas welding/brazing equipment

YUK Gas bottles and cutting equipment

YUL Plate rollers, benders and cutters
YUM Ovens and heaters
YUN Plasma cutting equipment
YUU Power hacksaws
YUY Operating spare parts
YUZ Other welding, cutting and bending equipment
YV Air compressors
YVA Portable air compressor (1200 cfm to 1500 cfm)

YVB Portable air compressor (900 cfm to 1200 cfm)
YVC Portable air compressor (600 cfm to 900 cfm)
YVD Portable air compressor (400 cfm to 600 cfm)
YVE Portable air compressor (200 cfm to 400 cfm)
YVF Portable air compressor (100 cfm to 200 cfm)
YVG Portable air compressor (< 100 cfm)
YVH Stationary air compressor (> 3000 cfm)
YVI Stationary air compressor (2000 cfm to 3000 cfm)
YVJ Stationary air compressor (1500 cfm to 2000 cfm)
YVK Stationary air compressor (1000 cfm to 1500 cfm)
YVL Stationary air compressor (500 cfm to 1000 cfm)
YVM Stationary air compressor (< 500 cfm)
YVQ Compressor hoses, fittings and accessories
YVY Operating spare parts
YVZ Other air compressors
YW Generators
YWA Diesel motor generator sets (800 kVA to 1000 kVA)

YWB Diesel motor generator sets (600 kVA to 800 kVA)
YWC Diesel motor generator sets (400 kVA to 600 kVA)
YWD Diesel motor generator sets (200 kVA to 400 kVA)
YWE Diesel motor generator sets (100 kVA to 200 kVA)
YWF Diesel motor generator sets (50 kVA to 100 kVA)
YWG Diesel motor generator sets (< 50 kVA)
YWH Natural gas motor generator sets (400 kVA to 600 kVA)
YWI Natural gas motor generator sets (200 kVA to 400 kVA)
YWJ Natural gas motor generator sets (100 kVA to 200 kVA)
YWK Natural gas motor generator sets (50 kVA to 100 kVA)
YWL Natural gas motor generator sets (< 50 kVA)
YWM Petrol motor generator sets (> 10 kVA)
YWN Petrol motor generator sets (7 kVA to 10 kVA)
YWO Petrol motor generator sets (4 kVA to 7 kVA)
YWP Petrol motor generator sets (2 kVA to 4 kVA)
YWQ Petrol motor generator sets (< 2 kVA)
YWR Gas turbine generator sets (> 10 MVA)
YWS Gas turbine generator sets (7 MVA to 10 MVA)
YWT Gas turbine generator sets (4 MVA to 7 MVA)
YWU Gas turbine generator sets (2 MVA to 4 MVA)
YWV Gas turbine generator sets (< 2 MVA)
YWY Operating spare parts
YWZ Other generators
YX Concreting equipment
3
YXA Concrete batching plant (> 100 m /hr)
3 3
YXB Concrete batching plant (80 m /hr to 100 m /hr)
3 3
YXC Concrete batching plant (60 m /hr to 80 m /hr)
3 3
YXD Concrete batching plant (40 m /hr to 60 m /hr)

3 3
YXE Concrete batching plant (20 m /hr to 40 m /hr)
3 3
YXF Concrete batching plant (10 m /hr to 20 m /hr)
3
YXG Concrete batching plant (< 10 m /hr)
YXH Concrete mixers (> 750 l)
YXI Concrete mixers (500 I to 750 l)
YXJ Concrete mixers (300 I to 500 l)
YXK Concrete mixers (200 I to 300 l)
YXL Concrete mixers (100 I to 200 l)
YXM Concrete mixers (< 100 l)
3
YXN Concrete transporters (> 14 m /hr)
3 3
YXO Concrete transporters (10 m /hr to 14 m /hr)
3 3
YXP Concrete transporters (8 m /hr to 10 m /hr)
3 3
YXQ Concrete transporters (6 m /hr to 8 m /hr)
3 3
YXR Concrete transporters (4 m /hr to 6 m /hr)
3
YXS Concrete transporters (< 4 m /hr)
YXT Storage silos, hoppers and screens
3
YXU Concrete pumps (> 100 m /hr)
3 3
YXV Concrete pumps (60 m /hr to 100 m /hr)
3 3
YXW Concrete pumps (20 m /hr to 60 m /hr)
3
YXX Concrete pumps (< 20 m /hr)
YXY Operating spare parts
YXZ Other concreting equipment
YY Spreaders and pavers
YYA Asphalt paver (> 3 m)

YYB Asphalt paver (2,5 m to 3,0 m)
YYC Asphalt paver (2,0 m to 2,5 m)
YYD Asphalt paver (< 2,0 m)
YYE Concrete paver (> 3 m)
YYF Concrete paver (2,5 m to 3,0 m)
YYG Concrete paver (2,0 m to 2,5 m)
YYH Concrete paver (< 2,0 m)
YYI Screed paver/finisher (> 3 m)
YYJ Screed paver/finisher (2,5 m to 3,0 m)
YYK Screed paver/finisher (2,0 m to 2,5 m)
YYL Screed paver/finisher (< 2,0 m)
YYM Asphalt finisher (> 3 m)
YYN Asphalt finisher (2,5 m to 3,0 m)
YYO Asphalt finisher (2,0 m to 2,5 m)
YYP Asphalt finisher (< 2,0 m)
YYY Operating spare parts
YYZ Other spreaders and pavers
YZ Other land based plant and equipment
YZA Quarry products crushers and screens

YZB Bins and hoppers
YZC Weigh scales
YZD Conveying systems
YZE Mobile crusher plants
YZF Mobile drilling rigs
YZG Fixed drilling rigs
YZH Augers and borers
YZI Scarifiers/dosers
YZJ Landing equipment
YZK Surface treatment equipment
YZL Heaters/coolers
YZM Fixed wing aircraft
YZN Helicopters

YZO 4WD vehicles

YZP Cars, station wagons and utility vehicles
YZQ Crew busses
YZR Scaffolding and scaffolding systems
YZS Containers
YZT Skylifts/conveying system
YZU Snow removal machinery
YZV Sanding and sweeping machinery
YZW Water and salt spraying machinery
YZY Operating spare parts
YZZ Other

Annex A
(Informative)
SCCS Codes
A.1 PBS Codes

A Offshore field installations
AA Topsides
AAA Drilling area
AAAA Derrick
AAAB Mudhandling and drilling utilities
AAAC Pipehandling
AAB Wellhead and riser area
AABA Wellhead area
AABB Riser area
AAC Process and utilities
AACA Process
AACB Process support
AACC Electrical power
AACD Platform utilities
AAD Living quarter 1)
AAE Helideck
AAF Flare 6)
AAG Deck appurtenances
AAGA Lifeboat stations
AAGB Cranes
AAGC Mooring winches 3)
AAGD Other deck appurtenances
AAH Deck structure 2)
AAHA Open truss
AAHB Plated/plate girder
AAHC Concrete beams
AAHD Load transfer frame (LTF)
AB Substructures
ABA Jacket
ABAA Jacket structure
ABAAA Leg tubulars
ABAAB Bracing tubulars
ABAAC Bracing nodes
ABAAD Pile sleeves/mudmats
ABAAE Pile guides
ABAAF Conductor framing
ABAAG Leg nodes
ABAAH Bucket foundations
ABAB Outfitting
ABABA Installation system
ABABB Flooding and grouting
ABABC Walkways/ladders
ABAC Temporary outfitting
ABACA Auxilliary buoyancy
ABACB Floating and up-ending control system
ABACC Lift appurtenances
ABACD Systems for bucket foundations
ABAD Piles
ABAE Risers/ J-tubes and caissons 4)
ABAEA Production risers
ABAEB Export risers
ABAEC J-tubes
ABAED Caissons

ABB Gravity base structure – GBS

ABBA Concrete structure
ABBAA Skirts
ABBAB Lower domes
ABBAC Cells
ABBAD Cells/shafts
ABBAE Upper domes
ABBAF Shafts
ABBAG Top shafts
ABBAH Solid ballast
ABBAJ Riegel
ABBB Mechanical outfitting
ABBBA Ballast water and installation systems
ABBBB Drilling
ABBBC Storage and reticulation
ABBBD Utilities
ABBBE Structural outfitting
ABBC Risers/J-tubes 4)
ABBCA Production risers
ABBCB Export risers
ABBCC J-tubes
ABC Jack-up
ABCA Structure/hull
ABCB Legs
ABCC Outfitting
ABCCA Hull outfitting
ABCCB Topside related systems
ABCD Base
ABCE Rigid risers
ABCEA Production risers
ABCEB Export risers
ABD Compliant tower
ABDA Structure
ABDAA Leg tubulars
ABDAB Bracing tubulars
ABDAC Bracing nodes
ABDAD Pile sleeves/mudmats
ABDAE Pile guides
ABDAF Conductor framing
ABDAG Leg nodes
ABDB Outfitting
ABDBA Installation system
ABDBB Flooding and grouting
ABDBC Walkways/ladders
ABDC Temporary outfitting
ABDCA Auxilliary buoyancy
ABDCB Floating and up-ending control system
ABDCC Lift appurtenances
ABDD Mooring items 3)
ABDDA Mooring lines
ABDDB Anchors/piles
ABDE Foundation/piles
ABDF Risers/J-tubes and caissons 4)
ABDFA Production risers
ABDFB Export risers
ABDFC J-tubes
ABDFD Caissons
ABK Semi submersible
ABKA Structure
ABKAA Columns
ABKAB Pontoons
ABKAC Nodes
ABKAD Bracings

ABKB Outfitting
ABKBA Ballast/bilge
ABKBB Storage and reticulation
ABKBC Utility systems
ABKBD Structural outfitting
ABKBE Propulsion/DP system
ABKC Mooring items 3)
ABKCA Mooring lines
ABKCB Anchors/piles
ABL Tension leg substructure – TLP
ABLA Structure
ABLAA Columns
ABLAB Pontoons
ABLAC Nodes
ABLAD Bracings
ABLB Outfitting
ABLBA Ballast/bilge
ABLBB Storage and reticulation
ABLBC Utility systems
ABLBD Structural outfitting
ABLBE Propulsion/DP system
ABLC Tethering system
ABLCA Tether equipment
ABLCB Tethers
ABLCC Anchor base/foundations
ABLD Mooring items for positioning 3)
ABLDA Mooring lines
ABLDB Anchors/piles
ABLE Rigid risers
ABLEA Production risers
ABLEB Export risers
ABM Ship type substructure (monohull) 5)
ABMA Structure/hull
ABMB Ship outfitting
ABMBA Equipment for cargo
ABMBB Ship equipment
ABMBC Equipment for crew and passengers
ABMBD Machinery main components
ABMBE Systems for machinery main components
ABMBF Ship common systems
ABMBG Other (vacant – SFI main group 9)
ABMBH Topside related systems
ABMC Fixed turret
ABMCA Structure
ABMCB Outfitting
ABMCC Mooring equipment
ABMD Disconnectable turret system
ABMDA Structure
ABMDB Outfitting
ABME Other turrets
ABMF Mooring items
ABMFA Mooring lines
ABMFB Anchors/piles
ABN Barge type substructure 5)
ABNA Structure/hull
ABNB Ship outfitting
ABNBA Equipment for cargo
ABNBB Ship equipment
ABNBC Equipment for crew and passengers
ABNBD Machinery main components
ABNBE Systems for machinery main components
ABNBF Ship common systems
ABNBG Other (vacant – SFI main group 9)

ABNBH Topside related systems

ABNC Fixed turret
ABNCA Structure
ABNCB Outfitting
ABNCC Mooring equipment
ABND Disconnectable turret system
ABNDA Structure
ABNDB Outfitting
ABNE Other turrets
ABNF Mooring items
ABNFA Mooring lines
ABNFB Anchors/piles
ABP Multicolumn deep floater
ABPA Structure
ABPB Outfitting
ABPC Mooring items 3)
ABPCA Mooring lines
ABPCB Anchors/piles
ABPD Rigid risers
ABPDA Production risers
ABPDB Export risers
ABQ Single column deep floater
ABQA Structure
ABQAA Column section
ABQAB Truss section
ABQB Outfitting
ABQC Tethering system
ABQCA Tether equipment
ABQCB Tethers
ABQCC Anchor bases/foundations
ABQD Mooring items 3)
ABQDA Mooring lines
ABQDB Anchors/piles
ABQE Rigid risers
ABQEA Production risers
ABQEB Export risers
ABR Circular barge type substructure
ABRA Structure
ABRB Outfitting
ABRBA Hull outfitting
ABRBB Topside related systems
ABRC Mooring items 3)
ABRCA Mooring lines
ABRCB Anchors/piles
ABS Artificial seabed
AC WELLS
ACA Standard drilled wells
ACAA Oil producer
ACAB Gas producer
ACAC Water producer
ACAD Gas injector
ACAE Water injector
ACAF Water and gas injector
ACAG Exploration well
ACB Branch drilled wells
ACBA Oil producer
ACBB Gas producer
ACBC Water producer
ACBD Gas injector
ACBE Water injector
ACBF Water and gas injector
ACBG Exploration well
ACC Completion

ACCA Standard producers

ACCAA Standard completion
ACCAB Gravel packed completion
ACCAC Open hole completion
ACCAD Smart well completion
ACCAE Well stimulation
ACCAF Downhole separation
ACCB Branched producers
ACCBA Standard completion
ACCBB Gravel packed completion
ACCBC Open hole completion
ACCBD Smart well completion
ACCBE Well stimulation
ACCBF Downhole separation
ACCC Standard injectors
ACCCA Water injector
ACCCB Gas injector
ACCCC Water and gas injector
ACCD Branched injectors
ACCDA Water injector
ACCDB Gas injector
ACCDC Water and gas injector
AD Subsea production systems
ADA Production station
ADAA Template structure
ADAAA Multi-well/manifold template without protection structure
ADAAB Single satellite without protection structure
ADAAC Multi-well/manifold template with integrated protection structure
ADAAD Single satellite with integrated protection structure
ADAAE Multi-well protection structure
ADAAF Single satellite protection structure
ADAB Manifold/piping area
ADAC Subsea completion system
ADACA Wellhead system
ADACB X-mas tree system
ADAD Production control and monitoring system
ADADA Topside (surface) production control system
ADADB Subsea production control and monitoring system
ADAE Workover system
ADAF Intervention system
ADB Manifold station
ADBA Template structure
ADBAA Manifold template without protection structure
ADBAB Manifold template with integrated protection structure
ADBAC Manifold protection structure
ADBB Manifold/piping area
ADBC Control system
ADD Subsea separation/booster station/injection station
ADDA Structure
ADDB Separation equipment
ADDC Pumping equipment
ADDD Compression equipment
ADDE Manifold/piping area
ADDF Subsea completion system
ADDG Power equipment
ADDH Control system
ADE Umbilical system
ADEA Umbilicals
ADEB Umbilical protection
ADEC Crossings
ADECA Umbilical/cable crossing
ADECB Pipeline crossing
ADED Umbilical risers

ADEE Umbilical distribution – control distribution unit (CDU)

ADEL Shore approach
ADF Tools system
ADK Infield pipelines
ADKA Pipelines
ADKAA Single line
ADKAB Bundled line
ADKB Expansion loops
ADKD Pipeline protection
ADKE Crossings
ADKEA Umbilical/cable crossing
ADKEB Pipeline crossing
ADKF Risers
ADKG Riser base
ADKGA Structure
ADKGB Manifold/piping area
ADKGC Control system
ADKH Flowline distribution – pipeline end module (PLEM)
ADKL Shore approach
ADL Power cables for subsea facilities
ADLA Cables for subsea facilities
ADLB Cable protection
ADLC Crossings
ADLCA Umbilical/cable crossing
ADLCB Pipeline crossing
ADLD Risers
ADLE Power distribution – power control distribution unit (PCDU)
ADLL Shore approach
ADM Hybrid risers and riser towers 7)
AE Transport systems
AEA Pipeline systems
AEAA Pipelines
AEAAA Production/trunk line
AEAAB Injection line
AEAB Expansion loops
AEAC Pipeline protection
AEAD Crossings
AEADA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEADB Pipeline crossing
AEAE Conventional risers
AEAEA Production/trunk line
AEAEB Injection line
AEAF Riser bases
AEAFA Structure
AEAFB Outfitting
AEAG Umbilical/cable system
AEAGA Umbilicals/cables
AEAGB Umbilical protection
AEAGC Crossings
AEAGCA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEAGCB Pipeline crossing
AEAGD Umbilical risers
AEAGE Shore approach
AEAH Valve stations/connection points
AEAHA Y-connection
AEAHB T-connection
AEAHC ESD valve station
AEAJ Booster stations
AEAJA Structure
AEAJB Outfitting
AEAJC Test facilities
AEAK Surface control facilities
AEAL Shore approach

AEALA Tunnel
AEALB Beach
AEB Local offtake systems 8)
AEBA Articulated loading platform – (ALP)
AEBB Ugland-Kongsberg Offshore Loading System – (UKOLS)
AEBC Single anchor leg mooring – (SALM)
AEBD Catenary anchor leg Mooring – (CALM)
AEBE SPAR buoy
AEBF Single anchor leg storage – (SALS)
AEBG Exposed location single buoy mooring – (ELSBM)
AEBH Catenary anchor leg rigid arm mooring – (CALRAM)
AEBJ Single buoy storage – (SBS)
AEBK Fixed towers – (FT)
AEBL Submerged turret loading system – (STL)
AEBM Single anchor loading system – (SAL)
AEC Offshore surface storage system 5)
AECA Structure/hull
AECB Ship outfitting
AECBA Equipment for cargo
AECBB Ship equipment
AECBC Equipment for crew and passengers
AECBD Machinery main components
AECBE Systems for machinery main components
AECBF Ship common systems
AECBG Other (vacant – SFI main group 9)
AECC Loading system
AECCA Submerged turret loading system – STL
AECCB Other loading systems
AED Offshore subsea storage system
AEDA Structure
AEDB Outfitting
AEE Umbilicals/cables for remote platform control
AEEA Umbilicals/cables
AEEB Risers
AEEC Cable protection
AEED Crossings
AEEDA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEEDB Pipeline crossing
AEEE Shore approach
AEF Power cables land – platform
AEFA Cables
AEFB Risers
AEFC Cable protection
AEFD Crossings
AEFDA Umbilical/cable crosing
AEFDB Pipeline crossing
AEFE Shore approach
AEG Power cables platform – platform
AEGA Cables
AEGB Risers
AEGC Cable protection
AEGD Crossings
AEGDA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEGDB Pipeline crossing
AEH Power cables for overseas supply/import
AEHA Cables
AEHB Cable protection
AEHC Crossings
AEHCA Umbilical/cable crossing
AEHCB Pipeline crossing
AEHD Shore approach
AEJ Bridges
AEJA Structure

AEJB Outfitting
AEJC Support structure (tower)
AW Offshore wind park
AWA Windmill
AWA
A WTG – wind turbine generator
AWA
B WTG foundation
AWABA WTG foundation fixed
AWABB WTG foundation floating
AWABBA WTG foundation floating structure
AWABBB WTG foundation mooring
AWB Substation
AWB
A Substation topside
AWB
B Substation foundation
AWBBA Substation foundation fixed
AWBBB Substation foundation floating
AWBBBA Substation foundation floating structure
AWBBBB Substation foundation mooring
Notes:
1) For ship/barge type concepts the living quarter shall be regarded as part of the PBS
2) Only the plain structure without any other functional content shall be coded under this PBS
3) Mooring winches shall, when physically located on the substructure, be PBS-coded under
4) Preinstalled parts are part of substructure.
5) See the detailed description of substructure for relation to the SFI Group System.
6) In case of a separate flare platform, the flare should be coded as topside (AAF) and
the support structure as substructure (e.g. ABA/ABB).
7) 'Hybrid risers and riser towers' to cover both infield and transport purposes.
8) Includes mooring where appropriate and applicable
B Landbased installations
BA Utilities
BAA Electrical power systems
BAAA Electrical power supply
BAAB Electrical power generation

BAAC Electrical power distribution
BAAD Emergency power system
BAAE Earthing system
BAAF Plant lighting system
BAB Instrument systems
BABA Process data acquisition and control
BABB General instruments
BABC Computer systems
BABD Environmental control systems
BABE Emergency shut down
BABF Marine systems
BAC Communication systems
BACA Telephone and intercommunication
BACB Telex and telefax systems
BACC Radio communication system
BACD CCTV and security systems
BAD Cooling systems
BADA Seawater cooling
BADB Freshwater cooling
Air
BADC Cooling
BAE Water systems
BAEA Freshwater supply
BAEB Demineralized water system
BAEC Potable water system
BAF Steam systems

BAFA High pressure steam – HP

BAFB Medium pressure steam – MP
BAFC Low pressure steam – LP
BAFD Condensate system
BAG Heating systems
BAGA Hot oil heating
BAGB Electrical heating
BAGC Medium heating
BAH Chemical injection systems
BAHA Dehydration
BAHB Chlorination
BAHC Ammonia
BAHD Other chemical injection facilities
BAI Air systems
BAIA Instrument air
BAIB Plant air
BAIC Inert gas
BAJ Fuel systems
BAJA Liquid fuels
BAJB Gaseous fuels
Solid
BAJC Fuels
BAJD Mixed fuels
BAK Waste disposal systems
BAKA Effluent treatment package
BAKB Sewage system
BAKC Ballast water
BAKD Drain system
BAL Fire and safety systems
BALA Fire water system
BALB Sprinkler and deluge system
BALC Chemical fire fighting system
BALD Mobile fire fighting
BALE Fire and gas monitoring systems
BALF Fire fighting training area
BB Offsite
BBA Product storage
BBAA Gas storage
BBAAA Above ground storage
BBAAB Underground storage
BBAB Liquid storage
BBABA Above ground storage
BBABB Underground storage
BBAC Solids (bulk) storage
BBACA Warehouse or sheltered storage
BBACB Silo/container storage
BBACC Open air storage
BBB Product metering
BBBA Volumetric flow metering
BBBB Weight metering
BBC Product loading
BBCA Liquifacted gas loading
BBCB Crude oil/destillate loading
BBCC Chemical liquids loading
BBCD Bulk loading
BBD Transportation and packing
BBDA Pipeways
BBDAA Pipeways product
BBDAB Pipeways flare systems
BBDB Conveyor belt systems
BBDC Blending systems
BBDD Chemical and catalyst handling
BBDE Bulk packing systems
BBDF Liquid packing systems

BBE Flare, vent and blowdown

BBEA High pressure process
BBEB Low pressure system
BBEC Liquid burner system
BC Site
BCA General site
BCAA Civil 1 – site preparation
BCAB Civil 2 – main civil works
BCAC Civil 3 – landscaping
BCB Buildings
BCBA Administration buildings
BCBB Control rooms and utility buildings
BCBC Laboratories
BCBD Warehouses
BCBE Other building facilities
BCC Jetties and shore installations
BCCA Product jetties
BCCB Other jetties
BCCC Shore improvements
BCD External facilities
BCDA Access from main road
BCDB Electric power
BCDC Telephone/telemetry
BCDD Freshwater supply
BCDE Heliport
BCDF Remote control of other facilities
BD Transport systems
BDA Pipeline
BDAA Route preparation
BDAB Trenching/backfill
BDAC Pipeline installation
BDACA In trench
BDACB Above ground
BDAD Route restoration
BDAE Drainage system
BDAEA In tunnel
BDAEB In sump
BDAEC In open landscape
BDAF Crossings
BDAFA Road crossing
BDAFB Rail crossing
BDAFC River crossing
BDAFD Fjord crossing
BDAFE Ravine crossing
BDAFF Piperacks/pipetracks
BDAG Facilities
BDAGA Metering station
BDAGB Pig station
BDAGC Flare/venting station
BDAGD Valve station
BDAGE Booster station
BDAGG Control centre
BDB Railway
BDBA Civil works – formation
BDBAA Quarry
BDBAB Clearing and grubbing
BDBAC Formation works
BDBAD Drainage systems
BDBAE Earth retention
BDBAF Restoration
BDBB Civil works – structures
BDBBA River/fjord crossings
BDBBB Road crossings

BDBBC Tunnels
BDBBD Loading facilities
BDBBE Receiving facilities
BDBBF Station buildings
BDBC Trackwork
BDBCA Tracklaying
BDBCB Ballasting/alignment
BDBCC Signals/control systems
BDBCD Track access prevention
BDBD Rolling stock operation facilities
BDBDA Mechanical service and repair workshops
BDBDB Stock yards/storage yards
BDBDC Buildings and services
BDBDD Permanent accommodation
BDBE Railway utilities
BDBEA Electrical power supply and distribution
BDBEB Overhead power lines
BDBEC Lighting systems
BDBED Instrumentation and central control systems
BDBEE Communication systems
BDBEF Water supply
BDBEG Fuel supply systems
BDBEH Lube systems
BDBEI Effluent disposal systems
BDC Roads
BDCA Civil works – formation
BDCAA Quarry
BDCAB Clearing and grubbing
BDCAC Formation works
BDCAD Drainage systems
BDCAE Earth retention
BDCAF Restoration
BDCB Civil works – structures
BDCBA River/fjord crossings
BDCBB Rail crossings
BDCBC Tunnels
BDCBD Loading facilies
BDCBE Receiving facilities
BDCC Road completion
BDCCA Sub-base/base courses
BDCCB Tarmac paving
BDCCC Concrete paving
BDCCD Signals/signs
BDCCE Safety systems
BDCCF Power supply and lighting
BDCCG Communications
BDCD Maintenance facilities
BDCDA Plant and equipment workshops
BDCDB Storage yards/warehouses
BDCDC Buildings and services
BDCDD Permanent accommodation
BDD El. power transmission line
BDDA Route preparation
BDDB Trenching/culverts/backfill
BDDC Power pylons/poles
BDDD Cable installation
BDDDA In trench
BDDDB Above ground
BDDE Route restoration
BDDF Crossings
BDDFA Road crossing
BDDFB Rail crossing
BDDFC River crossing

BDDFD Fjord crossing

BDDFE Ravine crossing
BDDG Switch yard
BDDGA Buildings/foundations
BDDGB Outfitting
BDDH Transformers, rectifiers and converters
BE Drilling facilities
BEA Wellhead
BEB Derrick
BEC Mudhandling
BED Pipehandling
BEE Drilling utilities
BF Onshore wells
BFA Drilling
BFAA Fixed drilling rig
BFAB Mobile drilling rig
BFB Downhole completion
BFBA Fixed drilling rig
BFBB Mobile drilling rig
BG Temporary facilities
BGA Construction camp
BGB Utility construction
BGC Office buildings
BGD Warehouses and workshops
BGE Communication
BK Process – hydro carbons – gas/oil
BKA Process – pretreatment and separation
BKAA Receiving facilities
BKAB Pretreatment facilities
BKAC Separation facilities
BKB Process – LPG/NGL
BKBA Fractionation
BKBB Product treatment
BKC Process – crude refining
BKCA Crude distillation
BKCB Coking
BKCC Visbreaking
BKCD Fluid catalytic cracking
BKCE Hydrocracking
BKCF Hydrotreating
BKCG Catalytic reforming
BKCH Isomerisation
BKCI Alkylation
BKCJ MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether)
BKCK Deasphalting
BKCL Treating
BKCM Wax/oil separation
BKCN Lube treatment
BKCO Grease production
BKCP Asphalt blowing
BKCQ Coke calcining
BKD Process – LNG ( liquefied natural gas )
BKDA Precooling step
BKDB Heavy hydrocarbon extraction and stabilization
BKDC Liquefaction/sub-cooling
BKDD Nitrogen removal
BKDE Refrigerant make-up
BL Process – thermoplastics
BLA Ethylene
BLAA Cracking, quenching and oil fractionation
BLAB Crack gas compression and sour gas removal
BLAC Demethanizing and C3/C4 separation
BLAD Ethylene/ethane separation

BLB Propylene
BLBA Polymerisation reactor
BLBB Catalyst deactivation
BLBC Separation
BLBD Drying and pelletizing
BLC Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
BLCA Addition of hydrochloric acid to acetylene
BLCB Addition of chlorine to ethylene followed by cracking
BLCC Combined use of ethylene and acetylene in "balanced" schemes
BLCD PVC production
BLD Polystyrole
BM Process – alcohol
BMA Methanol
BMAA Receiving, desulphurisation and mercury removal
BMAB Catalytic reforming and synthesis gas compression
BMAC Methanol synthesis
BMAD Product purification
BN Process – gas to liquids
BNA Receiving facilities/feed gas treatment
BNB Oxygen production
BNC Synthesis gas production
BND Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
BNE Separation/upgrading
BQ Process – bioprotein
BT Process – electrical power generation
BTA Receiving facilities
BTB Catalytic reforming
BTC Power plant
BTD NOx removal
BTE CO2 recovery plant
BTEA Pretreatment
BTEB Separation
BTDC Compression/drying
A.2 SAB Codes

E Exploration
P Planning
D Devlopment
O Operation
S Shutdown and decommissioning
R Removal
1 Management
11 Project management
12 Construction management
13 External services
2 Engineering and procurement

21 Engineering
211 Pre-engineering
212 Design engineering
213 Fabrication engineering
22 Procurement
23 Construction supervision
3 Material deliveries
31 Equipment
311 Company provided equipment
312 Contractor provided equipment

313 Surplus equipment

32 Bulk
321 Company provided bulk
322 Contractor provided bulk
323 Surplus bulk
33 Spare parts
4 Construction
41 Onshore construction
411 Mobilisation
412 Civil work
413 Fabrication of major assemblies
4131 Prefabrication
414 Other fabrication
4141 Prefabrication
415 Modification
4152 Refitting
4153 Revamp
4154 Relocate
417 Commissioning
4171 Commissioning
4172 Startup
42 Atshore construction
421 Mobilisation
422 Civil work
4231 Prefabrication
4241 Prefabrication
425 Modification
4252 Refitting
4253 Revamp
4254 Relocate
427 Commissioning
43 Inshore construction
431 Mobilisation
432 Civil work
4331 Prefabrication
4341 Prefabrication
435 Modification
4352 Refitting
4353 Revamp
4354 Relocate
437 Commissioning

44 Offshore construction
441 Mobilisation
442 Civil work
4431 Prefabrication
4441 Prefabrication
445 Modification
4452 Refitting
4453 Revamp
4454 Relocate
447 Commissioning
4471 Commissioning
4472 Startup
448 Non-working hours (lunch, standby, etc)
5 Operations
51 Landbased operations
511 Lifting
512 Transport
514 Cable operations
515 Other landbased operations
52 Offshore operations
521 Survey
522 Seabed preparation
5221 Trenching
5222 Dredging
5223 Back filling
5224 Rock dumping
523 Installation
5231 Lifting
5232 Piling
5233 Grouting
5234 Mating
5241 Pipelaying
5242 Tie-in
5243 Hydrotesting
5244 RFO
525 Umbilical and cable operations
5251 Laying
5252 Pull-in and connection
5253 Testing
526 Transport
5261 Towing
5262 Heavy lift transport
527 Subsea structure operations
5271 Testing
5272 Installation
5273 Commissioning
528 Particular abandonment operations
5281 Cutting of structures
5282 Topling
5283 Removal/lifting
5284 Transport and dumping

53 Logistics
531 Supply base/terminal
532 Supply and distribution
533 Personnel transport
534 Flotel/LQ/camps
54 Drilling and completion
541 Onshore drilling and completion
5411 Fixed rig drilling
5412 Mobile rig drilling
542 Offshore drilling and completion
5421 Predrilling
5422 Subsea drilling
5423 Platform drilling
6 Unit work activities
7 General
A.3 COR Codes

A General costs
AA Statutory costs, licences and permits
AAA Authorization and certification fees
AAB Environmental charges and fees
AAC Special studies
AAD Patented process licences
AAE Licences and permits
AB Financing and related costs
ABA Financial costs
ABB Depreciation
ABC Currency impact
AC Insurance
AD Purchases and rentals
ADA Land acquisition
ADB Buildings and facilities
ADC Data purchases
AE Material related costs
AEA Capital spares
AEB Commissioning spares
AEC Freight
AED Custom charges, fees and duties
AF Personnel related costs
AFA Health, medical and social care
AFB Security
AFC Training and courses
AG Taxes
AGA Value added taxes
AGB Investment taxes
AH Product related costs
AHA Sales and marketing
AHB Production fees, royalties and costs
AHC Tariffs and transport charges
AHD Contributions
AJ Research and development
AK Vendor rep. costs (ATS)
AV Contingency
AW Project reserve
AZ Other general costs
B Bulk materials
BC Architectural and building bulk
BCA Walls
BCB Floors

BCC Ceilings
BCD Doors and windows
BCE Furniture and accessories including arts.
BCF Signs
BCG Insulation
BCH Prefabricated modules
BCM Particular onshore building materials
BCZ Other architectural and building bulk
BD Drilling bulk
BDA Conductors and casings
BDB Drilling fluids and consumables
BDC Tubing
BDD Downhole completion devices and accessories
BDZ Other drilling bulk
BE Electrical bulk
BEA Cables and cable accessories
BEB Cable supports and transits
BEC Lighting
BED Junction boxes
BEE Accessories
BEZ Other electrical bulk
BH HVAC bulk
BHA Ducting
BHB Inline items and dampers
BHC Duct supports, hangers
BHD Insulation
BHE Sanitary piping and components (plumbing)
BHZ Other HVAC bulk
BJ Instrument bulk
BJA Instruments
BJB Instrument valves
BJC Cables and cable accessories
BJD Junction boxes
BJE Tubing
BJG Accessories
BJZ Other instrument
BL Piping bulk
BLA Pipework
BLB Manually operated valves
BLC Supports
BLD Insulation
BLZ Other piping bulk
BM Surface protection bulk
BMA Paint
BMB Coating
BMC Anodes
BMZ Other surface protection bulk
BN Structural bulk
BNA Primary, secondary and outfitting structures
BNC Temporary installation aids
BND Grillage/seafastening/load out
BNZ Other structural bulk
BQ Civil works bulk
BQA Concrete, cement, sand and aggregates
BQB Reinforcement bars/rods and pre-stressing cables
BQC Precast concrete elements
BQD Masonry
BQE Piles
BQF Timber/wood products
BQG Pipes and fitting (soil, drain, etc.)
BQH Ground materials
BQJ Fencing materials, guard rails, steel manholes and sign posts
BQK Forms

BQL Embedment items

BQM Solid ballast
BQZ Other civil works bulk
BS Safety bulk
BSA Passive fire protection
BSB Safety appliances
BT Telecommunication bulk
BTA Telecommunication appliances
BTC Cables and cable accessories
BTD Junction boxes
BTZ Other telecommunication bulk
BY Pipeline bulk
BYA Rigid line pipe
BYB Flexible line pipe
BYC Pipeline accessories
BYD Valves
BYZ Other pipeline bulk
BZ Consumables and first fill
BZA Consumables
BZB First fill
C Construction overheads
CA Contractor´s organisation
CAA Construction management
CAB General site administration
CAC Office expenses
CAD Personnel expenses
CAE Miscellaneous expenses
CB Site facilities
CBA Construction facilities
CBB Material storage facilities
CBC Special commissioning plant/equipment
CBD Facility construction/expansion
CBE Accomodation and construction camp
CC Service to company
CD Camp running
CDA Catering
CDB Camp operation
CE Miscellaneous overhead costs
CZ Other construction overheads
E Equipment
EA Architectural equipment
EAA Architectural equipment
EAAB Kitchen equipment
EAAD Actuated doors
EAAE Laundry equipment
EAAR Refrigeration and freezing system equipment
EAAV Central vacuum cleaner system equipment
EAAZ Other architectural equipment
ED Drilling equipment
EDB Drilling equipment
EDBC Pipe handling equipment
EDBD Drilling risers
EDBE Cuttings disposal package
EDBF Mud burner/mud burner package
EDBG Drawworks/rotary table and drawworks package
EDBI Cementing package
EDBJ Top drive units/packages
EDBK Mud pump package
EDBM Skid jacks
EDBN Diverters
EDBP Drilling panels
EDBS Choke/production/injection and test manifolds

EDBT TFL equipment

EDBU Wireline equipment
EDBX Other drilling equipment packages
EDBY Hoppers/mud guns/blenders
EDBZ Other drilling equipment
EDW Wellhead equipment – (surface completion)
EDWA X-mas trees
EDWB Tubing shear ram
EDWC Tubing shear ram/X-mas tree – extensions
EDWD Wellhead, wellhead housing and extension
EDWF Conductor housing, extensions and guides, hub connectors
EDWH Casing hanger
EDWI Tubing hanger
EDWJ Seal rings/seals
EDWK Guide base
EDWL Landing base
EDW
M Diverter system equipment
EDWN Blow out preventer stack
EDWO Hydraulic connectors
EDWP Wireline unit/wireline equipment
EDWQ Wireline pressure retaining equipment
EDWX Other wellhead equipment packages
EDWZ Other wellhead equipment
EE Electrical equipment
EEE Electrical equipment
EEEB Batteries
EEEC Control equipment (panels, relay boxes)
EEED DC distribution boards
EEEE Emergency distribution panels
EEEG Generators
EEEH Switchgear – up to 400 V
EEEJ Switchgear – above 400 and up to 1000 V
EEEK Switchgear – above 1000 V
EEEL Motor control centres
EEEM Lighting and minor distribution panels
EEEN Main power generator sets
EEEO Emergency power generator sets
EEEP Earthing bars
EEEQ Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
EEER Rectifiers and inverters
EEES Lightning arrestors
EEET Transformers
EEEU Electrical cathodic protection
EEEV Bus ducts, bars and accessories
EEEW Alarm equipment
EEEX Other electrical equipment packages
EEEY Filters and compensation equipment
EEEZ Other electrical equipment
EG Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment
EGG Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment
EGGA Air handling
EGGB Cooling units, refrigeration units
EGGC Boilers and heaters
EGGD Terminal units
EGGE Humidifiers/dehumidifiers
EGGF Air conditioners
EGGG Heating and cooling coils
EGGH HVAC fans
EGGI Domestic water heaters
EGGX Other HVAC packages
EGGZ Other HVAC equipment
EJ Instrumentation equipment
EJJ Instrumentation equipment

EJJA Air distribution header

EJJB Control panels with instruments, controllers, etc.
EJJE Desks/consoles, operator stat., workstat., PC, VDU
EJJF Field termination and cross connection cabinets
EJJH Oil metering package
EJJI Gas metering package
EJJJ Multiphase metering package
EJJK Loggers, printers and copiers
EJJL Matrix and mimic panels
EJJM Instrument air package
EJJU Dynamic positioning control system equipment (DP)
EJJV Weight scales
EJJW Hydraulic emergency shut-down system equipment
EJJX Other instrument equipment packages
EJJY Vibrating/displacement measuring systems equipment
EJJZ Other instrument equipment
ER Mechanical equipment
ERC Miscellaneous mechanical equipment
ERCA Regenerative filters
ERCB Non-regenerative filters
ERCC Centrifuges
ERCD Extractors
ERCE Cyclones
ERCF Mechanical separators/shakers
ERCG Refigeration units
ERCH Chemical feeders
ERCI Molecular sieves
ERCJ Mixers/agitators
ERCK Demisters
ERCL Trays
ERCM Centrifuge packages
ERCN Solid waste disposal units
ERCP Incinerators
ERCQ Eductors and ejectors
ERCR Trash racks/collectors
ERCS Lube and seal oil units
ERCT Hydraulic units
ERCU Comminutors
ERCV Trash stop gates
ERCX Other misc. mechanical equipment packages
ERCZ Other miscellanous mechanical equipment
ERD Drivers and power transmissions
ERDA Gas engines
ERDB Gearboxes and couplings
ERDC Steam turbines
ERDD Diesel engines
ERDE Electrical motors
ERDF Air driven motors/starters
ERDT Gas turbines
ERDV Hydraulic motors/starters
ERDZ Other drivers
ERF Heaters, boilers, furnaces and flares
ERFA Direct fired heaters incl. stack and ducting
ERFB Steam boilers incl. stack and ducting
ERFC Flare tips and accessories
ERFD Flares ground
ERFE Electric heaters
ERFF Special heaters
ERFG Special boilers
ERFH Electrode boiler packages
ERFI Furnaces
ERFX Other heater, furnace and boiler packages
ERFZ Other heating, burning and boiling equipment

ERH Heat transfer equipment

ERHA Shell and tube heat exchangers
ERHB Plate heat exchangers
ERHC Air cooled heat exchangers
ERHD Quench coolers
ERHE Misc. coolers and condensers
ERHF Double pipe heat exchangers
ERHG Core type heat exchangers
ERHH Liquefaction heat exchangers (cryogenic)
ERHI Reboilers/evaporators
ERHJ Compact heat exchangers
ERHW Waste heat recovery units
ERHX Other heat transfer equipment packages
ERHZ Other heat transfer equipment
ERK Compressors, blowers and expanders
ERKA Centrifugal compressors
ERKB Reciprocating compressors
ERKC Screw/rotary compressors
ERKD Axial compressors
ERKE Fans
ERKF Blowers
ERKH Expanders
ERKJ Diaphragm compressors
ERKK Compressors/gas turbine driver sets
ERKX Other compressors, blowers and expander packages
ERKZ Other compressors, blowers and expanders
ERM Material and product handling equipment
ERMA Pedestal cranes
ERMB Hoists and trolleys
ERMC Elevators, escalators and lifts
ERMD Trucks, carts, forklifts, etc.
ERME Mobile cranes
ERMF Overhead cranes
ERMG Railroad and road loading equipment
ERMH Workshop machines
ERMK Winches
ERMQ Packing, calibrating and measurement equipment
ERMR Weighing screws
ERMU Product loading and vapour return arms
ERMV Gantry and portal cranes
ERMX Other material and product handling equipment packages
ERMZ Other material and product handling equipment
ERN Mechanical equipment – solids
ERNA Belt conveyors
ERNB Bucket elevators
ERNC Screw conveyors/feeders
ERND Tube-flo conveyors
ERNE Multi-flo conveyors
ERNF Jaw crushers
ERNG Impact breakers
ERNH Twin rotor impactors
ERNI Granulators
ERNJ Gravity impact crushers
ERNK Hammermills
ERNL Reversible impactors
ERNM Roll crushers
ERNN Rod and ball mills
ERNO Vibrating packers
ERNP Vibrating screens
ERNR Fines sifters and screens
ERNS Blenders
ERNT Bin activators
ERNU Feeders

ERNV Classifiers
ERNW Dust collectors
ERNX Other mechanical equipment – solids packages
ERNZ Other solids mechanical equipment
ERP Pumps
ERPA Centrifugal pumps
ERPB Reciprocating pumps
ERPC Rotary pumps
ERPD Special metering pumps
ERPE Gear pumps
ERPF Diaphragm pumps
ERPG Screw pumps
ERPH Submerged pumps with non-submerged motors
ERPJ Fire water pump packages
ERPI Submerged pumps with submerged motors
ERPX Other pump packages
ERPZ Other pumps
ERT Storage tanks/containment equipment – atmospheric
ERTA Storage tanks – cylindric
ERTB Storage tanks – rectangular
ERTE Hoppers
ERTF Mud pits
ERTG Sumps
ERTJ Bins
ERTK Containers
ERTR Refrigerated storage tanks
ERTZ Other tanks
ERV Vessels and columns – pressurised
ERVA Separators
ERVB Contactors
ERVC Regenerators
ERVD Settling tanks, knock-out drums and flash drums
ERVE Columns/towers
ERVF Reactors
ERVG Scrubbers
ERVH Deaerators
ERVJ Coalescers
ERVK Dryers
ERVL Receiver and surge drums, expansion-head tanks
ERVP Gas holders
ERVQ Spheres
ERVS Tote tanks
ERVT Oxygen units
ERVU Hydrogen units
ERVV Inert gas units
ERVW Condensate control drums
ERVX Other vessel and column packages
ERVZ Other vessels and columns
ERX Miscellaneous package units
ERXA Oily water treatment packages
ERXD Fresh water maker packages
ERXE Potable water treatment packages
ERXF Sewage/waste water treatment packages
ERXG Catalyst packages
ERXH Helicopter fuel packages
ERXI Cooling towers
ERXJ Vacuum units packages
ERXQ Chemical treatment packages
ERXR Chemical injection packages
ERXU Nitrogen generation packages
ERXV Oxygen generation packages
ERXX Other misc. equipment packages
ES Safety/escape and firefighting equipment

ESS Safety/escape and firefighting equipment

ESSA Lifeboats and davits
ESSB Pick-up boats and davits
ESSD Escape equipment
ESSF Ambulances
ESSG Firetrucks
ESSH Inert gas equipment
ESSI Inert gas generator package
ESSJ Fixed foam unit
ESSK Dual agent unit
ESSL Dry chemical equipment
ESSM Fire water system equipment
ESSN Remote operated foam monitors
ESSP Mobile fire extinguishers
ESSS Fire water monitors (towers)
ESSU Sprinkler/deluge systems equipment
ESSW Rafts
ESSX Other safety, escape and/ or firefighting equipment packages
ESSZ Other safety, escape and firefighting equipment
ET Telecommunication equipment
ETR Telecommunication equipment
ETRA Public address and alarm system equipment
ETRB SOLAS/GMDSS radio and general radio system equipment
ETRC Closed circuit television system equipment
ETRD Drillers talk-back system equipment
ETRE Entertainment system equipment
ETRF Distribution frames
ETRG Emergency telephone
ETRH Office intercommunication system equipment
ETRI Crane telecom equipment
ETRL Batteries and power supply
ETRM Multiplexer and network switch
ETRN Navigation, positioning and distance measuring equipment
ETRO Common telecom equipment
ETRP PABX system equipment (incl. telephone)
ETRQ Data communication network equipment
ETRR Radar system equipment, marine and aviation
ETRS Satellite and fibre-optical communication system equipment
ETRT Telemetry system equipment
ETRU UHF/VHF radio (onboard)
ETRV Personnel registration/paging/tracking system equipment
ETRW Environment monitoring system equipment
ETRX Other telecom equipment packages
ETRY Temporary telecom equipment
ETRZ Other telecom equipment
EU Subsea equipment
EUU Subsea equipment
EUUA Wellhead system equipment
EUUB Tubing hanger system equipment
EUUC X-mas tree system equipment
EUUD Flow control module/choke module
EUUE Subsea station structure and appurtenances
EUUF Protection structure
EUUG Pull-in and connection equipment
EUUH Manifold header, valves and piping
EUUI Pigging facilities
EUUJ BOP/BOP accumulator equipment
EUUK Topside control equipment
EUUL Uninterruptible power supply
EUUM Hydraulic power unit
EUUN Subsea control module
EUUO Electrical distribution system equipment
EUUP Workover riser system equipment

EUUQ Workover control system equipment

EUUR Intervention system equipment and tools (ROT)
EUUS ROV/ROMV and tools
EUUT Intervention control system equipment
EUUU Test equipment
EUUV Tool pool (rented tools)
EUUW Subsea distribution equipment
EUUX Other subsea equipment packages
EUUZ Other subsea equipment
EV Mooring and marine equipment
EVY Mooring and marine equipment
EVYA Tethers/tendons, tether couplings
EVYC Tether cross-load bearings
EVYD Tether tensioner/motion compensator
EVYE Tether tie-off assembly
EVYF Torque tools and tether handling equipment
EVYH Tether anchor latches
EVYI Tether deployment tools
EVYJ Mooring winches
EVYK Capstans
EVYL Mooring lines
EVYM Anchors
EVYN Clump weights
EVYO Fenders
EVYP Anchor pendant buoys
EVYQ Signal buoys
EVYR Protection matresses
EVYS Fairleads
EVYT Thruster packages
EVYU Tank cleaning/crude oil washing equipment
EVYV Accommodation ladders/gangways
EVYW Turret equipment
EVYX Other mooring and marine equipment packages
EVYZ Other mooring and marine equipment
EY Transfer and control equipment
EYA Pipeline inspection and repair tools
EYAA Slug catcher
EYAB Pig launchers/pig receivers
EYAC Intelligent pigs
EYAD Sealing pigs
EYAE Batch pigs
EYAF Scraper pigs
EYAG Pipeline inspection tools
EYAH Pipeline repair system
EYAI Welding bladders
EYAJ Expansion bellows
EYB Risers
EYBA Production risers
EYBB Injection risers
EYBC Import/export risers
EYBD Buoyancy elements/modules
EYC End fittings/termination
EYCA Pipeline
EYCB Umbilical
EYCC Risers
EYD Umbilical
EYDA Umbilicals – static
EYDB Integrated service umbilicals – static
EYDC Umbilicals – dynamic
EYDD Integrated service umbilicals – dynamic
EYE Special cables
EYEA Direct electrical heating cable
EYEB Power cables

EYEC Fiber optical cable

EYX Other transfer and control equipment packages
EYZ Other transfer and control equipment
H Owner's personnel
HA Project management
HAA Project managers
HAB Quality assurance
HAC Health, safety and environment (HSE)
HB Project administration
HBA Administration
HBB Finance and accounting
HBC Data processing
HBD Document control
HC Procurement
HCA Contracting and legal
HCB Purchasing
HCC Expediting/traffic/logistics
HCD Material control/inspection
HD Project control
HDA Estimating
HDB Cost control
HDC Planning and scheduling
HDD Reporting
HDE Misc. project control
HE Supervision and surveillance
HEA Engineering supervision
HEB Construction supervision
HF MC and commissioning personnel
HFA Mechanical completion personnel
HFB Commissioning personnel
HZ Other owner's personnel costs
K Engineering manpower
KA Engeneering management and administration
KAA Management
KAB Contract management
KAC Project control
KAD Administration
KAE Document control
KAF Data processing (IT)
KAG Quality management
KB Procurement
KC Architectural and building
KD Drilling
KE Electrical
KF Reservoir
KG Geoscience
KH HVAC
KJ Instrumentation
KL Piping
KM Material technology
KN Structural
KO Operation and maintenance
KP Process
KQ Civil engineering
KR Mechanical
KS Health, safety and environment (HSE)
KT Telecommunication
KU Subsea
KV Marine engineering
KW Weight and quantity control
KY Pipelines
KZ Multidiscipline

L Direct labour
LC Architectural and building direct labour
LD Drilling labour
LE Electrical direct labour
LH HVAC direct labour
LJ Instrument direct labour
LL Piping direct labour
LM Surface protection direct labour
LN Structural direct labour
LQ Civil works direct labour
LR Mechanical direct labour
LS Safety direct labour
LT Telecommunication direct labour
LY Onshore pipeline direct labour
LZ Other direct labour
M Indirect labour
MA Foremen/supervision
MB Quality control
MC Scaffolding
MD Cleaning
ME Transport
MF Rigging
MG Material control and storage
MH Fire guards
MK Safety
ML Dimensional control
MM Weighing
MN Temporary construction services
MZ Other indirect labour
Q Owner's personnel overheads

QA Office administration
QB Office facilities
QC Data processing
QD Office expenses
QDA Reproduction
QDB Telecommunications
QDC Office supplies and stationery
QE Personnel expenses
QEA Business travel
QEB Relocation expenses and living allowances
QEC Tax differential
QED Vehicle rental and expenses
QF Miscellaneous expenses
QFA Representation
QFB Meeting expenses
QFC Training and courses
QH Management services
QZ Other owner´s personnel overheads
R Engineering overheads
RA General office administration
RB Office facilities
RC Data processing
RD Office expenses
RDA Reproduction
RDB Telecommunications
RDC Office supplies and stationery
RE Personnel expenses
REA Business travel
REB Relocation expenses and living allowances
REC Tax differential

RED Vehicle rental and expenses

RF Miscellaneous expenses
RFA Representation
RFB Meeting expenses
RFC Training and courses
RG Service to company
RH Engineering studies and verifications
RM Model tests
RZ Other engineering overheads
S Unit work
SA Civil work
SAA Site preparation
SAB Foundations
SAC Pile driving/piling
SAD Trenching and backfilling for piping and cables
SAE Landscaping
SB Landbased structures
SBA Buildings
SBB Roads
SBC Bridges
SBD Jetties and quays
SBE Tunnels and caverns
SBF Dams/reservoirs/ponds
SBG Railways
SBH Specialized concrete structures
SBI Tank erection
SC Pipelines
SCA Onshore pipelaying
SCB Pipeline coating
SCC Pipeline insulation
SCD Pipeline heating
SCE Trenching and backfilling for onshore pipelines
SCF Onshore pipeline crossings
SCG Tie-in of pipelines onshore
SCH Pipeline RFO
SD Temporaries contracts
SDA Construction camp
SDB Construction camp operation
SDC Construction camp catering
SDD Site services
SE Drilling and services
SEA Drilling and drilling services
SEB Separate drilling and downhole services
SF Miscellaneous unit work
SFA # Electrical power transmission
SFB # Electrical/instrument installation
SFC # Piping erection
SFD # Insulation
SFE # Fireproofing
SFF # Painting and application
SFG # Scaffolding
SFH Model building
SZ Other unit work
X Marine operations and logistics

XA Survey vessels
XB Drilling vssels
XC Lifting vessels
XD Pipelaying vessels – S-lay
XE Flexible pipeline-/cablelaying vessels
XF Trenching vessels
XG Dredging vessels
XH Gravel/rock dumping vessels

XI Multi-functional support vessels

XJ Towing vessels
XK Barges
XL Supply vessels/pipe carriers
XM Piling vessels/barges
XN Pile driving equipment
XO Flotels
XP Catering (flotel and LQ)
XQ Pipelaying vessels – J-lay
XR Pipelaying vessels – reel
XS Heavy transport vessels
XT Diving support vessels
XU Helicopters
XV Support base
XX Spreads
XXA Lifting spread
XXB Pipelaying spread
XXC Flexipipe-laying spread
XXD Cablelaying spread
XXZ Other spreads
XY Misc. vessels and equipment
XYA Standby/rescue AHTS vessels
XYB Standby/rescue vessels
XYC Firefighting vessels
XYD Crew boats
XYE Well stimulation vessels
XYF Grouting vessels
XZ Other vessels and equipment
Y Landbased plant and equipment

YA Track type tractors
YAA Track tractor (600 hp to 800 hp)
YAB Track tractor (400 hp to 600 hp)
YAC Track tractor (250 hp to 400 hp)
YAD Track tractor (180 hp to 250 hp)
YAE Track tractor (120 hp to 180 hp)
YAF Track tractor (90 hp to 120 hp)
YAG Track tractor (70 hp to 90 hp )
YAH Track tractor (50 hp to 70 hp )
YAI Bulldozer blades – universal and straight
YAJ Bulldozer blades – special purpose
YAK Rippers – single/multi-shank
YAL Rippers – linkage/hydraulic
YAM Ripper-scarifiers
YAN Backhoe arrangements
YAO Winches and hydraulic controls
YAP Towed scrapers
YAY Operating spare parts
YAZ Other track type tractors
YB Motor graders
YBA Motor grader (200 hp to 300 hp)
YBB Motor grader (160 hp to 200 hp)
YBC Motor grader (140 hp to 160 hp)
YBD Motor grader (120 hp to 140 hp)
YBE Motor grader (100 hp to 120 hp)
YBF Scarifier attachments
YBY Operating spare parts
YBZ Other motor graders
YC Excavators
YCA Track type – backhoe (250 hp to 400 hp)
YCB Track type – backhoe (180 hp to 250 hp)
YCC Track type – backhoe (140 hp to 180 hp)
YCD Track type – backhoe (100 hp to 140 hp)

YCE Track type – backhoe (80 hp to 100 hp)

YCF Track type – backhoe (60 hp to 80 hp)
YCG Track type – backhoe (40 hp to 60 hp)
YCH Track type – backhoe (< 40 hp)
YCI Wheel type – backhoe (180 hp to 250 hp)
YCJ Wheel type – backhoe (140 hp to 180 hp)
YCK Wheel type – backhoe (100 hp to 140 hp)
YCL Wheel type – backhoe (80 hp to 100 hp)
YCM Wheel type – backhoe (60 hp to 80 hp )
YCN Wheel type – backhoe (40 hp to 60 hp )
YCO Wheel type – backhoe (< 40 hp)
YCP Track type – front shovel (250 hp to 400 hp)
YCQ Track type – front shovel (180 hp to 250 hp)
YCR Track type – front shovel (140 hp to 180 hp)
YCS Face shovel attachments
YCT Power shovel attachments
YCU Dragline attachments
YCV Clamshell attachments
YCW Combination tractor/backhoe
YCY Operating spare parts
YCZ Other excavators
YD Skidders
YDA Motor skidder (150 hp to 200 hp)
YDB Motor skidder (120 hp to 150 hp)
YDC Motor skidder (100 hp to 120 hp)
YDD Motor skidder (80 hp to 100 hp)
YDY Operating spare parts
YDZ Other skidders
YE Pipelayers
YEA Pipelayer (400 hp to 500 hp)
YEB Pipelayer (300 hp to 400 hp)
YEC Pipelayer (200 hp to 300 hp)
YED Pipelayer (150 hp to 200 hp)
YEE Pipelayer (100 hp to 150 hp)
YEF Midwestern sideboom – track tractors
YEG Midwestern sideboom – compactors
YEH Midwestern sideboom – wheel loaders
YEY Operating spare parts
YEZ Other pipelayers
YF Wheel tractor scrapers
YFA Standard scraper (500 hp to 600 hp)
YFB Standard scraper (400 hp to 500 hp)
YFC Standard scraper (300 hp to 400 hp)
YFD Standard scraper (200 hp to 300 hp)
YFE Tandem powered scraper (500 hp to 600 hp)
YFF Tandem powered scraper (400 hp to 500 hp)
YFG Tandem powered scraper (300 hp to 400 hp)
YFH Tandem powered scraper (200 hp to 300 hp)
YFI Elevating scraper (400 hp to 500 hp)
YFJ Elevating scraper (300 hp to 400 hp)
YFK Elevating scraper (200 hp to 300 hp)
YFL Elevating scraper (100 hp to 200 hp)
YFM Tandem powered elevating scraper (400 hp to 500 hp)
YFN Tandem powered elevating scraper (300 hp to 400 hp)
YFY Operating spare parts
YFZ Other wheel tractor scrapers
YG Off – highway trucks
YGA Diesel powered (800 hp to 900 hp)
YGB Diesel powered (700 hp to 800 hp)
YGC Diesel powered (600 hp to 700 hp)
YGD Diesel powered (500 hp to 600 hp)
YGE Diesel powered (400 hp to 500 hp)
YGF Diesel powered (300 hp to 400 hp)

YGG Diesel/electric (900 hp to 1100 hp)

YGH Diesel/electric (800 hp to 900 hp)
YGI Diesel/electric (700 hp to 800 hp)
YGJ Diesel/electric (600 hp to 700 hp)
YGY Operating spare parts
YGZ Other off-highway trucks
YH Off-highway tractors
YHA Diesel powered (800 hp to 900 hp)
YHB Diesel powered (700 hp to 800 hp)
YHC Diesel powered (600 hp to 700 hp)
YHD Diesel powered (500 hp to 600 hp)
YHE Diesel powered (400 hp to 500 hp)
YHY Operating spare parts
YHZ Other off-highway tractors
YI Wheel tractors
YIA Wheel tractor (300 hp to 400 hp)
YIB Wheel tractor (200 hp to 300 hp)
YIC Wheel tractor (150 hp to 200 hp)
YID Bulldozer blades
YIE Scarifier attachments
YIY Operating spare parts
YIZ Other wheel tractors
YJ Compactors
YJA Sheepsfoot (300 hp to 350 hp)
YJB Sheepsfoot (250 hp to 300 hp)
YJC Sheepsfoot (200 hp to 250 hp)
YJD Towed sheepsfoot
YJE Driven grid/mesh drum
YJF Towed grid/mesh drum
YJG Driven smooth steel drum
YJH Towed smooth steel drum
YJI Driven multi-tyred roller
YJJ Towed multi-tyred roller
YJK Driven heavy pneumatic roller
YJL Towed heavy pneumatic roller
YJM Driven vibratory tamping foot
YJN Towed vibratory tamping foot
YJO High speed tamping foot
YJP Chopper wheels
YJQ Portable plate vibrators
YJR Portable tampers
YJY Operating spare parts
YJZ Other compaction equipment
YK Wheel loaders
YKA Wheel loader (500 hp to 700 hp)
YKB Wheel loader (400 hp to 500 hp)
YKC Wheel loader (300 hp to 400 hp)
YKD Wheel loader (200 hp to 300 hp)
YKE Wheel loader (150 hp to 200 hp)
YKF Wheel loader (100 hp to 150 hp)
YKG Wheel loader (80 hp to 100 hp)
YKH Wheel loader (60 hp to 80 hp)
YKI Wheel loader (< 60 hp)
YKJ Wheel loader buckets
YKK Combination wheel loader/backhoe
YKY Operating spare parts
YKZ Other wheel loaders
YL Track loaders
YLA Track loader (250 hp to 300 hp)
YLB Track loader (200 hp to 250 hp)
YLC Track loader (150 hp to 200 hp)
YLD Track loader (100 hp to 150 hp)
YLE Track loader (80 hp to 100 hp)

YLF Track loader (60 hp to 80 hp)

YLG Track loader (< 60 hp)
YLH General purpose buckets
YLI Multi purpose buckets
YLJ Side dump buckets
YLY Operating spare parts
YLZ Other track loaders
YM Cranes
YMA Track type crane (> 2000 tonnes)
YMB Track type crane (1500 tonnes to 2000 tonnes)
YMC Track type crane (1000 tonnes to 1500 tonnes)
YMD Track type crane (800 tonnes to 1000 tonnes)
YME Track type crane (600 tonnes to 800 tonnes)
YMF Track type crane (400 tonnes to 600 tonnes)
YMG Track type crane (200 tonnes to 400 tonnes)
YMH Track type crane (100 tonnes to 200 tonnes)
YMI Track type crane (5 tonnes to 100 tonnes)
YMJ Wheel type crane (> 150 tonnes)
YMK Wheel type crane (100 tonnes to 150 tonnes)
YML Wheel type crane (80 tonnes to 100 tonnes)
YMM Wheel type crane (60 tonnes to 80 tonnes )
YMN Wheel type crane (40 tonnes to 60 tonnes)
YMO Wheel type crane (20 tonnes to 40 tonnes)
YMP Wheel type crane (10 tonnes to 20 tonnes)
YMQ Wheel type crane (< 10 tonnes)
YMR Sheerleg type crane
YMS Tower type crane
YMT Gantry/portal type crane
YMU Pedestal type crane
YMV Booms, jibs and accessories – track crane
YMW Booms, jibs and accessories – wheel crane
YMX Booms, jibs and accessories – other crane
YMY Operating spare parts
YMZ Other cranes
YN Forklifts
YNA Forklifts – electrical
YNB Forklifts – gas driven
YNC Forklifts – diesel driven
YND Rough terrain forklifts
YNE Rough terrain telescopic handlers
YNF Forklift attachments to loaders
YNG Other forklift attachments
YNY Operating spare parts
YNZ Other forklifts
YO Trucks and vehicles
YOA Dumper truck (> 20 m3)
YOB Dumper truck (15 m3 to 20 m3)
YOC Dumper truck (10 m3 to 15 m3)
YOD Dumper truck (5 m3 to 10 m3)
YOE Dumper truck (< 5 m3)
YOF Low loader truck (> 100 tonnes)
YOG Low loader truck (80 tonnes to 100 tonnes)
YOH Low loader truck (50 tonnes to 80 tonnes)
YOI Low loader truck (20 tonnes to 50 tonnes )
YOJ Low loader truck (< 20 tonnes)
YOK Multi rubber tyred vehicles – module transport
YOL Flat bed semi trailer (> 50 tonnes )
YOM Flat bed semi trailer (30 tonnes to 50 tonnes)
YON Flat bed semi trailer (10 tonnes to 30 tonnes)
YOO Flat bed truck (> 15 tonnes)
YOP Flat bed truck (10 tonnes to 15 tonnes)
YOQ Flat bed truck (5 tonnes to 10 tonnes )
YOR Flat bed truck (< 5 tonnes)

YOS Container trucks and semi-trailers

YOT Dry bulk tankers
YOU Liquid bulk tankers
YOV Gas tankers
YOW Service trucks and vehicles
YOY Operating spare parts
YOZ Other trucks
YP Draglines
YPA Track type dragline (> 20 m3)
YPB Track type dragline (10 m3 to 20 m3)
YPC Track type dragline (8 m3 to 10 m3)
YPD Track type dragline (5 m3 to 8 m3)
YPE Track type dragline (< 5 m3)
YPF Wheel type dragline (> 5 m3)
YPG Wheel type dragline (< 5 m3)
YPH Walking dragline
YPK Dragline booms, buckets and accessories
YPY Operating spare parts
YPZ Other draglines
YQ Pile driving equipment
YQA Track type purpose built piling machines
YQB Wheel type purpose built piling machines
YQC Mountable booms, weights and accessories
YQD Piling hammers – diesel
YQE Piling hammers – steam
YQF Piling hammers – air
YQG Piling hammers – hydraulic
YQH Pile extractors
YQI Pile frames and leaders
YQJ Earth boring equipment
YQY Operating spare parts
YQZ Other piling equipment
YR Tracklaying equipment
YRA Tamping machines
YRB Alignment machines
YRC Ballasting wagons
YRD Prime mover/locomotives
YRE Combination tracklayers
YRF Sleeper wagons
YRG Crane jigs
YRH Track welding equipment
YRI Hydraulics jacks and jigs
YRJ Pneumatic jacks and hammers
YRK Tank wagons
YRL Rail wagons
YRY Operating spare parts
YRZ Other tracklaying equipment
YS Tunnels and cavern equipment
YSA Full face boring machines
YSB Raisers and lifts
YSC Drilling machines and equipment
YSD Pneumatic jacks and hammers
YSE Winches and hoists
YSF Air supply and extract systems
YSG Power supply and lighting systems
YSH Dewatering systems
YSI Mucking wagons and equipment
YSK Drill bits and tools
YSY Operating spare parts
YSZ Other tunnels and cavern construction equipment
YT Hoists and winches
YTA Jacking towers and equipment
YTB Pneumatic winches

YTC Electric winches

YTD Hydraulic winches
YTE Personnel hoists
YTF Goods hoists
YTG Builders hoists
YTY Operating spare parts
YTZ Other hoists and winches
YU Welding, cutting and bending equipment
YUA Alignment jigs
YUB Automatic orbital welding machines
YUC Automatic orbital cutters
YUD End preparation mills and grinders
YUE Pipeline bending machines
YUF AC/DC – welding equipment
YUG MIG/MAG – welding equipment
YUH TIG – welding equipment
YUI Automatic welding equipment
YUJ Gas welding/brazing equipment
YUK Gas bottles and cutting equipment
YUL Plate rollers, benders and cutters
YUM Ovens and heaters
YUN Plasma cutting equipment
YUO Power hacksaws
YUY Operating spare parts
YUZ Other welding, cutting and bending equipment
YV Air compressors
YVA Portable air compressor (1200 cfm to 1500 cfm)
YVB Portable air compressor (900 cfm to 1200 cfm)
YVC Portable air compressor (600 cmf to 900 cfm)
YVD Portable air compressor (400 cmf to 600 cfm)
YVE Portable air compressor (200 cmf to 400 cfm)
YVF Portable air compressor (100 cfm to 200 cfm)
YVG Portable air compressor (< 100 cfm)
YVH Stationary air compressor (> 3000 cfm)
YVI Stationary air compressor (2000 cfm to 3000 cfm)
YVJ Stationary air compressor (1500 cfm to 2000 cfm)
YVK Stationary air compressor (1000 cfm to 1500 cfm)
YVL Stationary air compressor (500 cfm to 1000 cfm)
YVM Stationary air compressor (< 500 cfm)
YVQ Compressor hoses, fittings and accessories
YVY Operating spare parts
YVZ Other air compressors
YW Generators
YWA Diesel motor generator sets (800 KVA to 1000 KVA)
YWB Diesel motor generator sets (600 KVA to 800 KVA)
YWC Diesel motor generator sets (400 KVA to 600 KVA)
YWD Diesel motor generator sets (200 KVA to 400 KVA)
YWE Diesel motor generator sets (100 KVA to 200 KVA)
YWF Diesel motor generator sets (50 KVA to 100 KVA)
YWG Diesel motor generator sets (< 50 KVA)
YWH Natural gas motor generator sets (400 KVA to 600 KVA)
YWI Natural gas motor generator sets (200 KVA to 400 KVA)
YWJ Natural gas motor generator sets (100 KVA to 200 KVA)
YWK Natural gas motor generator sets (50 KVA to 100 KVA)
YWL Natural gas motor generator sets (< 50 KVA)
YWM Petrol motor generator sets (> 10 KVA)
YWN Petrol motor generator sets (7 KVA to 10 KVA)
YWO Petrol motor generator sets (4 KVA to 7 KVA)
YWP Petrol motor generator sets (2 KVA to 4 KVA)
YWQ Petrol motor generator sets (< 2 KVA)
YWR Gas turbine generator sets (> 10 MVA)
YWS Gas turbine generator sets (7 MVA to 10 MVA)
YWT Gas turbine generator sets (4 MVA to 7 MVA)

YWU Gas turbine generator sets (2 MVA to 4 MVA)

YWV Gas turbine generator sets (< 2 MVA)
YWY Operating spare parts
YWZ Other generator sets
YX Concreting equipment
YXA Concrete batching plant (> 100 m3/hr)
YXB Concrete batching plant (80 m3/hr to 100 m3/hr)
YXC Concrete batching plant (60 m3/hr to 80 m3/hr)
YXD Concrete batching plant (40 m3/hr to 60 m3/hr)
YXE Concrete batching plant (20 m3/hr to 40 m3/hr)
YXF Concrete batching plant (10 m3/hr to 20 m3/hr)
YXG Concrete batching plant (< 10 m3/hr)
YXH Concrete mixers (> 750 l)
YXI Concrete mixers (500 I to 750 l)
YXJ Concrete mixers (300 I to 500 l)
YXK Concrete mixers (200 I to 300 l)
YXL Concrete mixers (100 I to 200 l)
YXM Concrete mixers (< 100 l)
YXN Concrete transporters (> 14 m3/hr)
YXO Concrete transporters (10 m3/hr to 14 m3/hr)
YXP Concrete transporters (8 m3/hr to 10 m3/hr)
YXQ Concrete transporters (6 m3/hr to 8 m3/hr)
YXR Concrete transporters (4 m3/hr to 6 m3/hr)
YXS Concrete transporters (< 4 m3/hr)
YXT Storage silos, hoppers and screens
YXU Concrete pumps (> 100 m3/hr)
YXV Concrete pumps (60 m3/hr to 100 m3/hr)
YXW Concrete pumps (20 m3/hr to 60 m3/hr)
YXX Concrete pumps (< 20 m3/hr)
YXY Operating spare parts
YXZ Other concreting equipment
YY Spreaders and pavers
YYA Asphalt paver (> 3 m)
YYB Asphalt paver (2,5 m to 3,0 m)
YYC Asphalt paver (2,0 m to 2,5 m)
YYD Asphalt paver (< 2,0 m)
YYE Concrete paver (> 3 m)
YYF Concrete paver (2,5 m to 3,0 m)
YYG Concrete paver (2,0 m to 2,5 m)
YYH Concrete paver (< 2,0 m)
YYI Screed paver/finisher (> 3 m)
YYJ Screed paver/finisher (2,5 m to 3,0 m)
YYK Screed paver/finisher (2,0 m to 2,5 m)
YYL Screed paver/finisher (< 2,0 m)
YYM Asphalt finisher (> 3 m)
YYN Asphalt finisher (2,5 m to 3,0 m)
YYO Asphalt finisher (2,0 m to 2,5 m)
YYP Asphalt finisher (< 2,0 m)
YYY Operating spare parts
YYZ Other spreaders and pavers
YZ Other landbased plant and equipment
YZA Quarry products crushers and screens
YZB Bins and hoppers
YZC Weigh scales
YZD Conveying systems
YZE Mobile crusher plants
YZF Mobile drilling rigs
YZG Fixed drilling rigs
YZH Augers and borers
YZI Scarifiers/dosers
YZJ Landing equipment
YZK Surface treatment equipment
YZL Heaters/coolers

YZM Fixed wing aircraft

YZN Helicopters
YZO 4WD vehicles
YZP Cars, station wagons and utility vehicles
YZQ Crew busses
YZR Scaffolding and scaffolding systems
YZS Containers
YZT Skylifts/conveying system
YZU Snow removal machinery
YZV Sanding and sweeping machinery
YZW Water and salt spraying machinery
YZY Operating spare parts
YZZ Other

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What is the purpose of the NORSOK standard?

What is the purpose of the NORSOK standard?

What are some of the major changes between this edition and the previous edition?

What are some of the major changes between this edition and the previous edition?

NORSOK STANDARD Z-014

Edition 2, May 2012

Standard cost coding system (SCCS)

5 SAB – standard activity breakdown 131

6 COR – code of resources 152

Annex A (Informative) SCCS codes 290

NORSOK standard Page 3 of 325

NORSOK standards are administered and published by Standards Norway.

Major changes in this edition compared to rev. 2002-10-01 are:

 PBS – physical breakdown structure:

NORSOK standard Page 4 of 325

 PBS (physical breakdown structure)

2 Normative and informative references

2.1 Normative references

2.2 Informative references

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

3.1 Terms and definitions

NORSOK standard Page 5 of 325

4 PBS – physical breakdown structure

4.1 Introduction to PBS code

The physical breakdown structure is divided into

 A – offshore field installations,

4.2 Offshore field installations

 topsides which may comprise any of a number or combination of functions/facilities like

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PBS A is outlined and coded as follows:

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Topside facilities may have any of a number or combinations of functions/facilities, dependant on

all of which enable the exploitation of hydrocarbons.

NOTE Descriptions hereunder describe in a hierarchical way:

 main functional areas, e.g. AAA – drilling area,

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Topside facilities are subdivided and coded as outlined below:

AAA Drilling area

The drilling area is divided into the following subareas:

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AAAB Mud handling and drilling utilities

This code covers mud handling and drilling utilities systems/facilities:

 removal of drill cuttings from the drill bit;

 mud preparation, which includes bulk storage, distribution and mixing,

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AAAC Pipe handling

The pipe handling system comprises

 piperacks for storage,

AAB Wellhead and riser area

This code is subdivided and coded as outlined in the following:

AABA Wellhead area

Functional systems within the wellhead area/wellbay include

 drilling and well control systems,

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AABB Riser area

AAC Process and utilities

Functional systems/facilities within the process and utilities area consist of

As outlined and subcoded below.

The purpose of the process function as defined hereunder, is to