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Resources of Energy Department of Fuel and Energy 3 Class

1. The document discusses various renewable energy sources including solar and wind energy. 2. It describes how solar energy is utilized through solar heating devices like solar cookers, solar water heaters, and solar cells which convert sunlight directly into electricity. 3. It also explains how wind energy is converted into electrical energy through wind turbines, and is used to generate electricity for power stations around the world.

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Zayn Ahmed
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57 views5 pages

Resources of Energy Department of Fuel and Energy 3 Class

1. The document discusses various renewable energy sources including solar and wind energy. 2. It describes how solar energy is utilized through solar heating devices like solar cookers, solar water heaters, and solar cells which convert sunlight directly into electricity. 3. It also explains how wind energy is converted into electrical energy through wind turbines, and is used to generate electricity for power stations around the world.

Uploaded by

Zayn Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Resources of Energy Department of Fuel and Energy

nd term /Lecture 1 2 3rd class

Renewable Energy Sources

Solar Energy
.The energy produced by the sun in the form of heat and light energy is called as solar energy

- :Principles of utilization of Solar Energy


Solar energy is utilized by the involvement of two main principles:
(i) In the appliances requiring a moderate temperature, the incident sun rays are reflected by a plain
mirror on a black container, which absorbs the solar energy and gets
heated. (ii) In the appliances requiring a high temperature, the incident sun rays are reflected and
concentrated by using a large concave reflector which focuses all the sun rays at a single point
called focus and any object kept at the focus gets strongly
:‫ يتم استخدام الطاقة الشمسية من خالل إشراك مبدأين رئيسيين‬.heated
‫ يمتص الطاقة الشمسية‬، ‫ تنعكس أشعة الشمس الساقطة بواسطة مرآة مسطحة على لوح اسود‬، ‫) في األجهزة التي تتطلب درجة حرارة معتدلة‬1(
.‫ويسخن‬
‫ باستخدام عاكس مقعر كبير يركز جميع أشعة الشمس‬g‫ أشعة الشمس الساقطة وتتركز‬g‫ تنعكس‬، ‫) في األجهزة التي تتطلب درجة حرارة عالية‬2(

.‫ ويتم تسخين أي جسم موجود في البؤرة بشدة‬focus ‫على نقطة واحدة تسمى‬

-:Harnessing or utilization of Solar energy

The sun is the ultimate source of energy having a remarkable capacity to produce energy in the
form of heat and light. The energy produced by the sun in one day is about 50,000 times more
than the energy consumed in the whole world in one year . However, solar energy has certain
limitations, which does not facilitate its large-scale utilization. However, solar energy can be put
.to use in two differ ways Viz

1
Direct utilization: - Directly the solar energy can be used either by collecting it as heat energy .1
.or by converting it into electricity
Indirect utilization: - Indirectly the solar energy can be utilized by converting it into chemical .2
.energy like biomass or by utilizing the energy obtained from wind, sea waves, tides etc

:Converting Solar Energy

:Solar Collection System

- :Solar Heating Devices


A device that gets heated by absorbing solar energy radiated by the sun in the form of heat and light
energy is called a solar heating device. For e. g. solar cooker, solar water heater, solar furnace
.and solar cells are solar heating devices
‫ على‬.‫يسمى الجهاز الذي يتم تسخينه عن طريق امتصاص الطاقة الشمسية التي تشعها الشمس في شكل حرارة وطاقة ضوئية جهاز تسخين شمسي‬

.‫ فرن شمسي وخاليا شمسية‬، ‫ سخان مياه شمسي‬، ‫ طباخ شمسي‬:‫سبيل المثال‬

2
Solar cooker: - A solar cooker is a device, which utilizes solar energy for cooking food material. It
consists of an insulated wooden box (B) painted with black from inner side. The lid of the box is
provided with a plane mirror reflector (R) and a glass sheet (G). The food to be cooked is placed in a
metal container ( C) painted with black from outer side and kept in the box .The container is covered
with the glass sheet. The box is then kept in direct sunlight and its reflector is adjusted in
‫ جهاز‬.such a way that a strong beam of sun light falls over it

‫اللون‬gg‫( مطلي ب‬B) ‫زول‬gg‫بي مع‬gg‫ندوق خش‬gg‫ون من ص‬gg‫ يتك‬.‫ة‬gg‫واد الغذائي‬gg‫ية لطهي الم‬gg‫ة الشمس‬gg‫ جهاز الطبخ الشمسي هو جهاز يستخدم الطاق‬:‫الطبخ الشمسي‬

) ‫ة‬g‫ة معدني‬g‫ه في حاوي‬g‫راد طهي‬g‫ام الم‬g‫ع الطع‬g‫( يوض‬G). ‫ة‬g‫ة زجاجي‬g‫( وورق‬R) ‫و‬gٍ ‫ت‬g‫رآة مس‬g‫اكس م‬g‫زود بع‬g‫ندوق م‬g‫اء الص‬g‫ غط‬.‫األسود من الجانب الداخلي‬

‫ر‬g‫مس المباش‬g‫وء الش‬g‫ندوق في ض‬g‫ظ الص‬g‫ ثم يتم حف‬.‫اج‬g‫ والحاوية مغطاة بصفائح الزج‬، ‫( مطلية باألسود من الجانب الخارجي ويحتفظ بها في الصندوق‬C
.‫ويتم تعديل عاكسه بطريقة تسقط عليه شعاع قوي من ضوء الشمس‬

Working: - When the solar cooker is kept in direct sunlight , the reflector (R) reflects both visible
and infrared rays of the sunlight on to the top of the box in the form of a strong beam of light. The
black surface of the box and the vessel absorbs it. When the inner black surface becomes quite hot, it
also starts radiating heat energy in the form of infrared rays, but the upper glass sheet (G) does not
allow these rays to pass through it and go outside the box. As a result, these infrared rays get
absorbed in the box, which increases its internal temperature up to about 100 ᵒC. This high
‫ عند إبقاء‬- :‫ العمل‬.temperature cooks the food material kept in the metallic container inside the box

‫( كالً من األشعة المرئية واألشعة تحت الحمراء ألشعة الشمس على الجزء العلوي من‬R) ‫ يعكس العاكس‬، ‫الطباخ الشمسي في ضوء الشمس المباشر‬

‫ فإنه‬، ‫ عندما يصبح السطح األسود الداخلي ساخنًا جدًا‬.‫ هذه االشعة‬g‫ السطح األسود للصندوق والوعاء يمتص‬.‫الصندوق في شكل شعاع قوي من الضوء‬

‫( ال تسمح لهذه األشعة بالمرور خاللها والخروج‬G) ‫ لكن الصفيحة الزجاجية العليا‬، ‫يبدأ أيضً ا في إشعاع الطاقة الحرارية في شكل أشعة تحت الحمراء‬

‫ ونتيجة لذلك‬.‫من الصندوق‬

‫ تعمل درجة‬.‫ درجة مئوية‬100 ‫ مما يزيد من درجة حرارته الداخلية إلى حوالي‬، ‫يتم امتصاص هذه األشعة تحت الحمراء في الصندوق‬ ،

.‫الحرارة العالية على طهي المواد الغذائية المحفوظة في الحاوية المعدنية داخل الصندوق‬

3
Limitations of solar Cooker:-
1. It cannot be used during night.
2. On a cloudy day, it cannot be used.
3. The direction of the reflector has to be adjusted according to the position of the sun.
4. It cannot be used for frying.

Solar cell

A solar cell is a device, which converts solar energy (light energy) directly into electricity. It is made
of semi-conducting material like silicon, germanium, selenium or gallium. A modern solar cell is
made from wafers of semi conducting materials containing impurities in such a way that a potential

difference gets generated when light falls on them. A 4 cm 2 solar cells produces a potential
difference of about 0.4-0.5volts and generate about 60 milli-amperes of current. To generate a large
amount of current a number of solar cells are arranged together in a definite pattern in a solar panel.
The energy (electric current) generated in a solar panel is stored in a battery connected to it and can
be used for various purposes.

Uses of a solar cell: -


The solar cells are used effectively in various fields, but some of its important uses are:
Solar cells are used for production of electricity for lighting, houses, streets etc. Solar cells are used
for production of electricity to run electronic appliances like televisions, radios, watches, calculators,
toys, toy games etc. Solar cells are used to develop electricity for offshore oil drilling platforms etc.
Solar cells are used to generate electricity in artificial satellites, rockets, and space vehicles etc.

4
Wind Energy
When large masses of air move from one place to another it is referred to as wind. During
this process, kinetic energy gets associated with it, which is referred to as wind energy.

Principle of Utilization of Wind Energy: -


Wind energy is efficiently converted into electrical energy with the aid of a windmill. A windmill is a
large fan having big blades, which rotate by the force exerted by moving wind on them. These blades
remain continuously rotating as long as wind is blowing and can be used to drive a large number of
machines like water pumps, flour mills etc. But these days a windmill is used to generate electric
current which is used for various purposes and therefore wind power stations are established all over
the world which convert wind energy directly into electrical energy.

Uses of wind energy


The important uses of wind energy are:
1. It is used to drive windmills, water lifting pumps and flour mills etc.
2. It is used to propel sailboats.
3. It is used to fly engine less aero planes or gliders in the air.
4. It is used to generate electricity used for various purposes like lightening, heating etc.

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