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1.3 Oil and Gas Processing 1.3.1: Department of Fuel and Energy 3 Class 1 Term /lecture 5

The document discusses oil and gas processing in refineries. It describes the main refinery processes as primary separation processes like atmospheric and vacuum distillation to produce products like gasoline, and secondary conversion processes to improve the properties of products. The typical refinery operation involves separation of crude oil fractions by distillation, conversion processes to upgrade properties, finishing processes like hydro treatment, and environmental protection processes to treat emissions and wastewater.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views4 pages

1.3 Oil and Gas Processing 1.3.1: Department of Fuel and Energy 3 Class 1 Term /lecture 5

The document discusses oil and gas processing in refineries. It describes the main refinery processes as primary separation processes like atmospheric and vacuum distillation to produce products like gasoline, and secondary conversion processes to improve the properties of products. The typical refinery operation involves separation of crude oil fractions by distillation, conversion processes to upgrade properties, finishing processes like hydro treatment, and environmental protection processes to treat emissions and wastewater.

Uploaded by

Zayn Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Fuel and Energy Resources of Energy

3rd class 1st term /Lecture 5

1.3 Oil and Gas processing

1.3.1 REFINERY PROCESSES


Refining of crude oils or petroleum essentially consists of primary separation processes
and secondary conversion processes. The petroleum refining process is the separation of
the different hydrocarbons present in the crude oil into useful fractions and the
conversion of some of the hydrocarbons into products having higher quality performance.
Atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oils is the main primary separation
processes producing various straight run products, e.g., gasoline to lube oils/vacuum gas
oils (VGO). These products, particularly the light and middle distillates, i.e., gasoline,
kerosene and diesel are more in demand than their direct availability from crude oils, all
over the world. The typical refinery operation involves separation processes, conversion
processes, finishing processes, environmental protection processes.

1. Separation Processes:

 Distillation
 Absorption
 Extraction
 Crystallization
 Adsorption

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PRIMARY DISTILATION (Atmospheric Distillation)
 Refinery gases
 Liquefied petroleum gases
 Gasoline or naphtha (light/heavy)
 Kerosene, lamp oil jet fuel
 Diesel oil and domestic heating oils
 Heavy Industrial fuels

SECONDARY DISLLATION (Vacuum Distillation)


 Light Distillate
 Middle distillate
 Heavy distillate
 Asphalt/bitumen

Figure 1.5 Distillation Tower

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2. CONVERSION PROCESSES
Process for Improvement of Properties
 Catalytic reforming
 Isomerization
 Alkylation
Thermal processes:
 Visbreaking
 Coking
Catalytic Processes
 Catalytic cracking (FCC)
 Hydrocracking
 Steam reforming
 Hydro conversion

FINISHING PROCESSES
 Hydro treatment/hydrogenation
 Sweetening

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROCESSES


Acid gas processing
Stack gas processing
Wastewater treatment process

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Figure 1.6 Oil and Gas Processes

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