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Curvilinear (Two-Dimensional) Motion: ME 231: Dynamics

1) This document is a lecture on curvilinear or two-dimensional motion, covering topics like the time derivative of vectors, velocity, acceleration, visualization of motion, and projectile motion. 2) Key concepts discussed include defining velocity as the time derivative of position, calculating acceleration as the time derivative of velocity, and representing motion using x-y coordinate systems. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating velocity and acceleration from position data, as well as solving projectile motion problems involving variables like launch angle, velocity, and displacement.

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Renthel Cueto
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69 views20 pages

Curvilinear (Two-Dimensional) Motion: ME 231: Dynamics

1) This document is a lecture on curvilinear or two-dimensional motion, covering topics like the time derivative of vectors, velocity, acceleration, visualization of motion, and projectile motion. 2) Key concepts discussed include defining velocity as the time derivative of position, calculating acceleration as the time derivative of velocity, and representing motion using x-y coordinate systems. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating velocity and acceleration from position data, as well as solving projectile motion problems involving variables like launch angle, velocity, and displacement.

Uploaded by

Renthel Cueto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Curvilinear

(Two-Dimensional)
Motion

Lecture 3

ME 231: Dynamics
Question of the Day

A particle moving
along a curved
path has a
position vector
(r) given by
r = xi + yj
Determine the
velocity and
acceleration of
the particle.

ME 231: Dynamics 2
Outline for Today

 Question of the day


 Time derivative of a vector
 Velocity and acceleration
 Visualization of motion
 X-Y vector representation
 Projectile motion
 Answer your questions!

ME 231: Dynamics 3
Time Derivative of a Vector
One of the most important concepts in dynamics!

'r
v lim
't o0 't

 's is the scalar displacement along the path (AoA’)


 Magnitude and direction of r are known at time t
 'r is the vector (not scalar) change of position at t +'t
 v has direction of 'r (tangent) and magnitude |'r/'t|
ME 231: Dynamics 4
Time Derivative of a Vector: Exercise
Magnitude changes, but direction constant

t=1 s
t=0 s t=2 s
r(t) 'r

't)
r(t +' i
dr
v ? r 2i r (t ) 2t i
dt
'r 4  2 i 2 i
v has
direction of 'r 'r 4  2 i 2i
and magnitude |'r/'t| 2
't 2 1 1
ME 231: Dynamics 5
Time Derivative of a Vector: Another Case
Magnitude constant, but direction changes

'r
v lim
't o0 't
t=1 s

't)
r(t +' 'r

r(t) t=0 s
v has
direction of 'r
and magnitude |'r/'t|
ME 231: Dynamics 6
Time Derivative of a Vector: Another Case
Magnitude changes AND direction changes

'r
v lim
't o0 't
t=1 s

't)
r(t +' 'r

r(t) t=0 s
v has
direction of 'r
and magnitude |'r/'t|
ME 231: Dynamics 7
Velocity and Acceleration

dr dv
At A, v r a v
dt dt
d r  'r
At A’, vc 'v vc  v
dt
ME 231: Dynamics 8
Outline for Today

 Question of the day


 Time derivative of a vector
 Velocity and acceleration
 Visualization of motion
 X-Y vector representation
 Projectile motion
 Answer your questions!

ME 231: Dynamics 9
Visualization of Motion

Hodograph is a diagram that gives a vectorial visual


representation of the movement of a body.
ME 231: Dynamics 10
Recall: Possible Coordinate Systems

 Rectangular (x, y, z)
 Polar (r, T, z)
 Spherical (R, T, I)
 Normal and
Tangential (n, t)

ME 231: Dynamics 11
X-Y Vector Representation

r xi y j

v r x i  y j

a v r x i  y j

 The x- and y-components are independent


 Resulting motion is a vector combination of x-
and y-components
ME 231: Dynamics 12
X-Y Vector Representation: Exercise

A particle moving in two-dimensions has a


position vector (r) as a function of time (t) with
coordinates given by

x(t) = t2 – 4t + 20 , y(t) = 3 sin(2t)


where r is measured in inches and t is in
seconds.

Determine the magnitude of the velocity (v)


and the acceleration (a) at time t =3 s.

ME 231: Dynamics 13
Outline for Today

 Question of the day


 Time derivative of a vector
 Velocity and acceleration
 Visualization of motion
 X-Y vector representation
 Projectile motion
 Answer your questions!

ME 231: Dynamics 14
Projectile Motion

ax 0 ay g

vx vx 0 vy v
y 0  gt
1 2
x x0  v x 0 t y y0  v y 0 t  gt
2
ME 231: Dynamics 15
Projectile Motion: Exercise

What is the minimum horizontal velocity (u) a


boy can throw a rock at A and have it clear the
obstruction at B?
ME 231: Dynamics 16
Projectile Motion: Exercise

A rocket has expended all


its fuel when it reaches
position A, where it has a
velocity of u at an angle T
with respect to the
horizontal. It attains an
additional height h at
position B after traveling
a distance s from A.

Determine expressions for h, s, and the time t of


flight from A to B.
ME 231: Dynamics 17
Projectile Motion: Exercise

With a horizontal velocity (vx=30 ft/s), what is


the vertical velocity (vy) of the long jumper at
takeoff to make the jump shown? What is the
vertical rise (h)?

ME 231: Dynamics 18
Outline for Today

 Question of the day


 Time derivative of a vector
 Velocity and acceleration
 Visualization of motion
 X-Y vector representation
 Projectile motion
 Answer your questions!

ME 231: Dynamics 19
For Next Time…

 Complete Homework #1 due on


Wednesday (8/29) at the beginning of
class
 Read Chapter 2, Section 2.5

ME 231: Dynamics 20

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