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Exp3 Density

1. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, which is nearly always water at 4°C for liquids and air at 25°C for gases. The temperature and pressure must be specified for both the sample and reference, with pressure usually being 1 atm. 2. The density of liquids decreases as the temperature increases due to expansion of the liquid, which increases its volume and decreases its density. 3. A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquids. It consists of a cylindrical stem and weighted bulb and floats upright in the liquid, with the point at which the surface touches the stem correlating to the specific gravity.

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رائد عبد العزيز فرحان
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32 views1 page

Exp3 Density

1. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, which is nearly always water at 4°C for liquids and air at 25°C for gases. The temperature and pressure must be specified for both the sample and reference, with pressure usually being 1 atm. 2. The density of liquids decreases as the temperature increases due to expansion of the liquid, which increases its volume and decreases its density. 3. A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquids. It consists of a cylindrical stem and weighted bulb and floats upright in the liquid, with the point at which the surface touches the stem correlating to the specific gravity.

Uploaded by

رائد عبد العزيز فرحان
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Discussion solutions:

1/sol:

Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density


of a reference substance; equivalently, The reference substance is
nearly always water at its densest (4°C) for liquids; for gases it is air at
room temperature (25°C). Nonetheless, the temperature and pressure
must be specified for both the sample and the reference. Pressure is
nearly always 1 atm (101.325 kPa).

2/sol:

Temperature affects density very much as the density of liquids


decreases by increasing the temperature due to the expansion of the
liquid at the heating and the subsequent increase in volume and
decrease density.

3/sol:

is an instrument that measures the specific gravity of liquids

A hydrometer is usually made of glass, and consists of a cylindrical stem


and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright.
The liquid to test is poured into a tall container, often a graduated
cylinder, and the hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it
floats freely. The point at which the surface of the liquid touches the
stem of the hydrometer correlates to specific gravity.

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