ETE303 / EEE401

Welcome
Lecture – 1
Introduction
to
Telecom Networks
Telecommunication Networks –I (ETE 303)
Computer Networks
(EEE 401/ETE331/ETE321)
Faculty
Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB)

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ETE303 / EEE401
Learning Objectives
To understand the fundamental concepts of telecom
networks and it’s various components & technologies.

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 What is a Telecom Network
ETE303 / EEE401

Telecommunications network, electronic system of links and

nodes, and the controls that govern their operation, that allows for
data transfer and exchange among multiple users.
When several users of telecommunications media wish to
communicate with one another, they must be organized into some
form of network.
Each link in such a network is called a communications channel
or network medium. Wire, fibre-optic cable, and radio waves may
be used for different communications channels.

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 What is a Telecom Network
ETE303 / EEE401

Telecommunications network,
 once used to refer only to the collection of switches and
wiring used by telephone service providers to provide audio
connectivity to residential and business customers,
 now understood to include Internet, microwave, and wireless
equipment as well as the more traditional forms of telephony.

The main function of any telecommunications network is to

provide efficient transmission of information from a point of
origin to a point of termination.

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 Telecom Network
ETE303 / EEE401

Examples of Telecommunications network:

The telephone network
The Internet (used for both voice and visual communications)
Private computer networks

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 Networking
ETE303 / EEE401

The term “networking” refers to the concept of connecting a

group of systems for the expressed purpose of sharing
information. The systems that are connected form a network.
The concept of networking involves issues like:
Communication methodology and protocols:
• network members - know and follow specific
communication rules.
• communication methodology and protocols provide rules
of communication.
Topology and design: A key issue of networking involves how
to connect the individual systems that comprise a network.

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 Networking
ETE303 / EEE401

Addressing:
• How systems are assigned addresses
• How systems locate each other within A network.
• Each network node with an unique address.
Routing:
• Describes the manner in which data are transferred from one system to
another across a network.
• Determining the path a message takes as it travels between source and
destination nodes.
• Performed by special dedicated hardware units called routers.
Reliability:
• Data integrity - ensuring that the data received are identical to the data
transmitted.
• Computer networks - highly fragile and easily disrupted.
• Important that they be designed with the capability to resolve errors.
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 Networking
ETE303 / EEE401

Interoperability:
• Consumers want the freedom to determine which products to purchase.
• Interoperability issues important to be considered.
• Software and hardware products developed by different vendors are
able to communicate successfully with each other over a network.
Security:
• Proper safeguarding of everything associated with a network. This
includes data, media and equipment.
Standards:
• The development and implementation of networks rely on the
establishment of specific rules and regulations to be followed. This is
the role of networking standards.

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 Computer Network
ETE303 / EEE401

A computer network, is a collection of computers and devices

interconnected by communications channels that facilitate
communications among users and allows users to share resources.
A computer network allows sharing of resources and information
among interconnected devices.

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 What is a Telecom Network/Computer
ETE303 / EEE401
Network

Connection

Member Communication

Network

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 Basic Concepts Related to Network
ETE303 / EEE401

Five basic concepts related to networks are:

Line configuration.
Transmission mode.
Topology.
Categories of networks.
Internetworks.

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 Line Configuration
ETE303 / EEE401

Line configuration refers to the way two or more communication

devices attach to a link.
A link is the physical communication pathway that transfers data
from one device to another.
For the purposes of visualization, it is simplest to imagine any link
as a line drawn between two points. For communication to occur,
two devices must be connected in some way to the same link at the
same time.
Line configuration defines the attachment of communication
devices to a link.

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 Line Configuration (Contd..)
ETE303 / EEE401

There are two possible line configurations: point-to-point and multipoint.

A point-to-point line configuration provides a dedicated link between

two devices. The entire capacity of the channel is reserved for
transmission between those two devices.
Most point-to-point line configurations use an actual length of wire or
cable to connect the two ends, but other options, such as microwave or
satellite links, are also possible.

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 Line Configuration (Contd..)
ETE303 / EEE401

Example: When you change television channels by infrared remote

control, you are establishing a point-to-point line configuration
between the remote control and the television's control system.

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 Line Configuration (Contd..)
ETE303 / EEE401

A multipoint (also called multidrop) line configuration is one in

which more than two specific devices share a single link.

In a multipoint environment, the capacity of the channel is shared,

either spatially or temporally. If several devices can use the link
simultaneously, it is a spatially shared line configuration. If users
must take turns, it is a time shared line configuration.

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 Transmission Mode
ETE303 / EEE401

Defines the direction of signal or information flow between two

linked devices.
There are three types of transmission modes: simplex, half-duplex,
and full-duplex.

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 Transmission Mode (Contd..)
ETE303 / EEE401

Simplex
Communication is unidirectional, as on a one-way street.
Only one of the two stations on a link can transmit; the other can
only receive.
Keyboards and traditional monitors are both examples of
simplex devices. The keyboard can only introduce input; the
monitor can only accept output.

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 Transmission Mode (Contd..)
ETE303 / EEE401

Half-Duplex
Each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the same time.
When one device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice
versa.
The half-duplex mode is like a one-lane road with two-directional
traffic.
The entire capacity of a channel is taken over by whichever of the
two devices is transmitting at the time.
Walkie-talkies are half-duplex systems.

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 Transmission Mode (Contd..)
ETE303 / EEE401

Full-Duplex
Also called DUPLEX
Both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously.
Like a two-way street with traffic flowing in both directions at the same
time.
Signals going in either direction share the capacity of the link.
Occur in two ways: either the link must contain two physically separate
transmission paths, one for sending and the other for receiving, or the
capacity of the channel is divided between signals traveling in opposite
directions.

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 Transmission Mode (Contd..)
ETE303 / EEE401

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