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Conclusion

The document summarizes the conclusions from experimental testing and numerical analysis of reinforced concrete beams. It finds that using reactive powder concrete (RPC) instead of normal concrete increased load capacity and led to more ductile failure. Tapering the beams, increasing reinforcement ratio, and adding more shear reinforcement also increased load capacity. Numerical models were generally accurate in predicting loads compared to experimental results. The document recommends future study of RPC beams under repeated and prestress loading.

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623 views4 pages

Conclusion

The document summarizes the conclusions from experimental testing and numerical analysis of reinforced concrete beams. It finds that using reactive powder concrete (RPC) instead of normal concrete increased load capacity and led to more ductile failure. Tapering the beams, increasing reinforcement ratio, and adding more shear reinforcement also increased load capacity. Numerical models were generally accurate in predicting loads compared to experimental results. The document recommends future study of RPC beams under repeated and prestress loading.

Uploaded by

ali amer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7.

1 Introduction:

In this chapter, conclusions can be drawn depending on the experimental


results, numerical finite element analysis and the analytical study for reinforced
concrete simply supported beams subjected to static loading. The suggested
recommendations for future research are also presented.

7.2 Conclusions:

The main conclusions that have been obtained will be summarized in the
following points: -

1) For the tapered beams, experimental tests showed that the use of RPC
instead of NC lead to increase the first cracking and ultimate loads by (70%
and 57.28%), respectively, as well as change the mode of failure from brittle
behavior (NC) to ductile behavior (RPC). While for prismatic beams, the use
of RPC instead of NC was a significant effect on the first cracking load by
(71.4) % and recorded little increase in the ultimate load by (7.78) %.

2) The ultimate load was increased by (24.3% and 52.8%) as tensile


reinforcement ratio (Ρ) increased from 0.57% (2ɸ16) to (0.89% (2ɸ20) and
1.4% (2ɸ25). In addition to that, the results showed that the mode of failure
changed from flexural failure to shear failure when increased (Ρ) from
0.57% to 1.4%. This can be returned to high tensile ratio uses in this beam
(2ɸ25) which more than the maximum reinforcement ratio (calculated
according to ACI 318-14), where give extra strength in flexural, as well as
due to the inadequate shear reinforcement used.

3) The tapering ratio had a significant effect on the first cracking and ultimate
loads. When the tapering was increased from (1) to (2), the first cracking
load and ultimate loads increased by (41.6% and 45.3%), respectively. Also,
the results showed that the ultimate load was increased by (12.7)% as the
tapering ratio increased from (1) to (1.5), although the beam which has the
tapering ratio ( 1.5) have the amount of concrete less than others beams.

4) Experimental results showed that the ultimate load was increased by (12.18)
% as the shear reinforcement increased from (ɸ10@425) to (ɸ10@170).
This increases in ultimate load related to the fact that increasing shear
reinforcement ratio lead to increase shear strength capacity of a beam, and as
a result of that the ultimate load increases. Also, the mode of failure changed
from brittle to ductile behavior when increase the shear reinforcement ratio.

5) The tapering direction was an important agent in the determining of the


ultimate load and type of failure with the same amount of concrete. When
the tapering direction to top, the ultimate load increased by (60.22 %) as
compared with the prismatic beam, as well as the mode of failure was a pure
shear failure. On the other hand, the beam failed in flexure failure when the
direction of tapering to bottom, and the ultimate load increased by (45.3) %
as compared with the prismatic beam.

6) The RPC beams showed more warning before failure than NC beams at
about (89.47) %.

7) Load-deflection curves obtained for tested beams showed an initial linear


behavior up to first cracking load, and then the curve showed non-linear
behavior. it can be seen that the RPC beams failed in a flexural mode, the
load mid-span deflection can be divided into two stages: the first stage
represented in the elastic stage, while the second represented in elasto-plastic
behavior (this stage divided into two stages: the first stage was contributed
of the steel bars with steel fibers carrying the tensile stresses. The final stage
of the elasto-plastic is represented in pull out steel fibers and degradation of
flexural stiffness). While in the case of RPC beams failed in shear failure,
the load-mid span deflection behavior still shows two stages, but the
difference in stage two there isn’t final stage due to the brittle behavior of
this mode.

8) The finite element modeling overestimates generally the ultimate load in


comparison with the experimental results. The percentage of The difference
between the ultimate load from the experimental result with that obtained
from numerical result is not more than (7.13) %. The numerical load-
deflection curves of most beams showed good agreement with the
corresponding experimental curves.

9) The results showed that the analytical curves obtained using conjugate beam
mehod and the numerical curves for any individual beam close to each other
especially at early stages of loading, while they divert when cracking takes
place.

10) A rectangular stress block was assumed to represent compressive stress


distribution and taking into consideration the tensile stress distribution in the
fibrous concrete in the tension zone below neutral axis, a new formula for
calculating the nominal bending moment capacity of RPC.

11) The estimated ultimate moment showed good agreement with the
experimental results for the present study and the previous research test
where The mean value of (Mn proposed/ Mn experimental) for 35 beams was
(1.03) with standard deviation SD of (0.11) and coefficient of variation COV
of (11.22 %).

7.3 Recommendations for Future Work:


1) studding the effect of repeated load on the structural behavior of RPC tapered
beams.

2) an investigation is needed to study the effect of the opening on the structural


behavior of RPC simply supported beams.

3) Investigation of the structural behavior of prestressed RPC tapered beams.

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