-----~-

~e (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + .ing)

~.~.~,~~~~ -.---.--- -"'"""""~--~-~--.~---- ~ -~ ...~-~--~-
......... ....

Have you thought of putting

QI Listen and repeat. Then act out.
an advertisement in the
You seem to be upset. What's the newspaper? It's worth trying.
matter? Will you please stop crying?

I don't know what to do. I've lost my dog.

Do you mind helping me to look for him?

The full infinitive is used: The -ing form is used:

• to express purpose. • as a noun.
He went to buy some bread. Smoking is dangerous.
• after would love / like / prefer. • after love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer.
I'd love to see you tonight. I love going to the theatre.
• after adjectives (angry, glad, • after start, begin, stop, finish .
happy, sorry, pleased, annoyed, He started doing his homework at 5:00 pm.
etc.). • after go for physical activities.
I'm glad to see you here. She went skiing last Sunday.
• with too or enough. • after certain verbs (avoid, admit, confess
He's too old to drive. to, deny, look forward to, mind, object to,
I She's clever enough to understand it. prefer, regret, risk, spend, suggest, etc.).
• after certain verbs (advise, agree, I don't mind helping you with the dishes.
appear, decide, expect, forget, • after the expressions: I'm busy, it's no
hope, manage, offer, promise, use, it's (no) good, it's worth , what's the
refuse, seem, want, etc.). use of, be used to, there's no pOint (in).
I hope to meet him again. It's worth seeing that film.
• after question words (where, how, • after prepositions.
what, who, which). Why is not used He left without taking his coat.
with to infinitive. • after hear, see to describe an incomplete
I don't know what to do. action, that is to say that someone heard,
but Nobody knew why he was angry. saw only a part of the action.
I saw her crossing the street. (I saw her while
The bare infinitive is used: she was crOSSing the street. I saw part of the
• after modal verbs (can, must, etc.). action in progress.)
We must leave soon . But: hear, see + bare infinitive to describe a
• after let / make / hear / see + complete action that someone heard, saw
object. from beginning to end.
My dad lets me use his computer. I saw her cross the street. (I saw the whole
action from beginning to end.)

106
 Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + .ing) CD
Note: • Help is followed by either the to infinitive or the bare infinitive.
She helped me (to) fix the bicycle.
• Some verbs can take a full infinitive or the -ing form with no difference in
meaning. These verbs are: begin, hate, like, love, prefer, start, etc.
He likes to watch / watching the birds.
• If the subject of the verb is the same as the subject of the infinitive, then the
subject of the infinitive is omitted. If, however, the subject of the verb is
different from the subject of the infinitive, then an object pronoun (me, you,
him, etc.), a name (Helen) or a noun (the man) is placed before the infinitive.
Compare: I want to be back by 10 o'clock. I want him to be back by 10 o'clock.
L-.::=.------;=-__

Write what each word is followed by: F.I. (full infinitive), 8.1. (bare infinitive)
or -ing.

1 want + .. If.) ...

I
I
I
8 avoid + ·........ 15 shall + .........
.
2 dislike + ......... I
9 see + ·........ 16 can + ......... ,
3 would love + ......... : 10 promise
I
+ ......... 17 start + .........
4 it's worth + ......... I
I
11 expect + ·........ 18 deny + .........
5 finish + ......... I

: 12 it's no use + ......... I

I
19 hate + .........
6 will + ......... : 13 hope
I + ......... : 20 must
I + . ........
......... .........
I

7 make + I 14 let +
Underline the correct item.

Penny loves visiting / visit museums. 7 His teacher made him apologise / to
2 Jane isn't used to get up / getting up early apologise for his bad behaviour.
in the morning. 8 The boys went hiking / to hike in the
3 Nikos agreed buy / to buy myoid laptop. woods yesterday.
4 Swimming / To swim keeps you fit. 9 His parents let him to go / go to the party.
5 They decided selling / to sell their old car. I
10 Joan spent all day to shop / shopping.
6 I'm busy to do / doing my homework at 11 I'd love to visit / visiting India one day.
the moment.

Fill in the gaps with a verb from the list below. Put it in the correct form.

post ~ lend need take borrow

1 They managed ...... to.firlif3.tJ .. .... 4 Dad promised ..................... us
the project on time. to the circus on Sunday.
2 Linda may ..................... some 5 Bruno won't let me ................... .
help with the ironing. his car.
3 Could you ..................... this 6 She refused ...••................ him
parcel for me, please? some money.
107
 CD Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)

Rephrase the following sentences as in the example:

He mustn't be late for school. 3 I don't think the children should watch the
I don't want •..h'J01 ••t Q••b~. lCJ ry~. .pj Qr ..... late night film .
. f;5khQ(J.I .. ........................... . I don't want ......................... .
2 Jim's secretary is going to attend the
meeting. Jim asked her to do it. 4 Why don't you come to the concert with me?
Jim wants ........................ I •• I want .............................. .

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

Dear Julie,
I am writing 1) ... to. tMr.IK... (thank) you for the lovely birthday present. I was so happy
2) •...•..••.... (receive) it. It was really nice of you to send something. On my birthday, I went
with some friends to the Mexican restaurant in Poplar Street. If you haven't been, you really should
3) ............. (try) it. After that, we went 4) ............. (dance). It was lots of fun.
My parents have agreed 5) •••.•.•••..••••...•.. (pay) for tennis lessons. They're glad
6) ..........•.. (see) that I'm so interested in a sport. I'm looking forward to 7) ....••..•...•
(have) to my first lesson this Saturday. I can't wait 8) ............. (tell) you all about it.
Well, I must 9) ............. (go) now. I hope 10) ....••..••.•• (hear) from you soon.
Take care,
Madeleine

Match column A with column B to make correct sentences as in the

example: .

d I can't stand
a is my favourite sport.
2 She likes b to going on holiday.
3 Thank you for c arguing with Steve. He won't change his mind.
4 Do you go d hearing her cry.
5 She's looking forward e painting in her free time.
f helping me with my Science project.
6 Windsurfing
g cycling often?
7 Yes, I admit
h breaking the window.
8 It's no use

108
 Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + .ing)

7 Write sentences about yourself using the infinitive or the -ing form.

I forgot ... .t.Q .p0f5.1( .1(b~. l~ttcr. ..... . 6 I'm too young .......•............... .
2 I enjoy ...............•..•.......... . 7 I look forward to ....•................ .
3 I know how ..........•...•.......... . 8 I want .............................. .
4 I'm busy ....•..•................... . 9 I'm happy ••....•..................• .
5 I can ............................... . 10 I've decided ....................•... .

8 In pairs, ask and answer as in the example:

What / you like / do / in your free time? 3 What kind of music /

A: What do you like doing in your you like / listen to?
free time? 4 What films / you
,
B: I like surfing the Net. prefer / watch?
2 What games / you enjoy / play? 5 How often / you go / shop?

Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive or the -ing form.

6 A: Where's Daniela?
B: She went ...•....••.•••.. (visit) her
friend Lucy.

7 A: It's getting late. I really must

...•...•....•..• (go).
B: All right. See you tomorrow.

8 A: I don't know how ........•••...••

(send) a text message.
B: I can ................ (show) you.

9 A: Is Miss Jones in the class?

B: Yes, I just heard her ............... .
(talk) to someone.

10 A: Do you have any plans for the

weekend?
B: Alex suggested ................ (go)
camping.
 CD Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + .ing)

Choose the best word (A, B or C) for each space.

Yesterday, I went shopping with my sister. I wanted

to 1) •. c. .
her something for her birthday. She didn't
really know 2) ..•.. to get but she seemed to like the
idea of a pet, 3) . . . •. we went to the pet shop. She
started 4) ..... at all the animals 5) ....• when she
saw the puppies playing in a box, she said that she
w'Ould A buys B buying C buy
6) ..•.. to have one of them. I hoped my parents 2 A why B what C where
wouldn't object 7) .•... having a dog in the house. 3 A so B since C because
My sister promised to look after 8) •...• properly, 4 A looking B looked C look
so we bought a little brown puppy. Tomorrow, we're 5 A even B still C but
going to take Splash to the beach. 6 A liked B like C liking
7 A of B to C from
8 A them B they C it

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive or -ing form.

A: You must ..• b.e ... (be) worried about 5 A: How about .••...............•. (go)
the race. to the park?
B: Not really. I've been training hard so I B: I'd prefer ........•.•••....... (stay)
expect ••. t.a .win ... (win). in and ............•• (watch) a DVD.
I

2 A: Kate is good at ........•...•....... 6 A: Where's Velma? I need ........••.••.

(play) the guitar, isn't she? (ask) her something.
B: Yes. I heard her ..........•......... B: She isn't here. She always goes
(play) in a concert last week. She was .........•.........•.. (swim) at this
great! time of the day.

3 A: Mike! Could you .•........•........ 7 A: What would you like me ....••••..•..

(let) the dog out? (make) for dinner?
B: No. Sorry, Mum! I'm busy ••...•..... B: Please, don't trouble yourself. Let's
(help) Dad at the moment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a takeaway

4 A: There's no point in •...•..........•. tonight - my treat!

(try) to do these exercises. They're too 8 A: Did Sue manage ..............•.•..

difficult. (get) here early today?
B: You shouldn't .•.....•........•••... B: Yes, I saw her ..•....•.............
(give up) so easily. Here, let me help you. (work) on her computer as I came in.
110
 Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + .ing)

Fill in the gaps. Then answer the questions about yourself as in the
example:
What sports do you enjoy .... .playiJ1@ •... (play)?
J.t;t:1j QY. pJ~yjt:16. .t.e:r.mir? .?nd .@CJJt ....•..•.••....•.....•..•........•..............
2 Which countries would you like •..........•........• (visit)?

3 Name one thing that you have decided ......•......•.•..... (do) next year.

4 What are you looking forward ................•.... (do) next weekend?

5 How often do you go ••....•••.....••..•.. (swim) in the summer?

,
13 Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive or the -ing form.

Tania has always loved 1) • •dtlfJ(;jt;1g. I . t(J. ~;;WC;.e. . (dance) . She

started 2) .••.••.....•••••••••• (take) ballet lessons when she was six
years old. She wants 3) •........•....••••... (become) a professional
ballet dancer. She hopes 4) ..................... (be) famous one
day. In the meantime, she's looking forward to 5) ••••.••..•.•••••.••.•
(take part) in the International Ballet Competition.

Write sentences about you and people you know. Use the verbs in the box.

stay work finish watch travel get up

One day I'd like ...............•.............................................•.....

2 My brother is looking forward to .............•......................................•

3 My parents don't let .•......•.•...•.....•••.•......•...........•.........•.........

4 I enjoy .........•.•..............................................................

5 My best friend can 't stand ....................•...........•.....•...................

6 My teacher doesn't mind ...•...............•.........•....................•...•....

............ .... . ............ ............................. ......... ...... ........
111