CHAPTER 4

DESIGN THEORY OF RELIABILITY FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

4.1. Analysis of Distribution System Reliability

Distribution system is one of the main three parts of a power system,
responsible for transferring electrical energy to the end users. A distribution system is
relatively cheap and outages in this part of the system have very localized effect
compared with generation and transmission parts. However, analysis of the customer
failure statistics of most utilities indicates that the distribution system makes the
greatest individual contribution to the unavailability of supply to a customer.
High reliability power supply is the urgent issue. Electricity supply
interruption causes high damage to consumers. Most of the interruptions are due to
breakdowns in distribution systems and insufficient supply. Therefore, the
improvement of reliability for a distribution system including its protection system,
transformers should be investigated. As conventional protection system confines the
interruption in a particular area, the system results in better reliability performance. In
this paper, we analyze the installation impact of protective devices, e.g. disconnecting
switch, fuse and DG, on the reliability of distribution system. In addition impacts of
transformer failure are discussed. The impacts on reliability improvement are tested in
the distribution network of Chaung Oo Substation, Chaung Oo Township. The
reliability index, EENS (Expected energy Not Supply) is mainly employed in this
thesis.

4.1.1. Basic Load Point Indices

In the classical concept of reliability, the basic parameters used to evaluate the
reliability of a distribution system can be categorized as load point indices and system
reliability indices. The basic load point indices are the load point failure rate (λ), the
average outage time (r) and average annual unavailability or outage (U). The set of
system reliability indices includes interruption indices and energy oriented indices. As
most power system interruptions are due to breakdown in distribution system, it is
 23

essential for a distribution company to have proper planning tools to assess and
improve its reliability and performance. The load point and system reliability indices
are normally determined on annual basis. Because of the stochastic nature of a power
system, the indices for any particular year are random values and are functions of the
component failure rates, repair times and restoration times within the year. A
complete representation of these indices involves knowledge of the underlying
probability distributions. It is relatively easy to compute the average values as the
associated analytical techniques are highly developed for both radial and meshed
distribution systems. [10Ohn]
N

λs = ∑i=1 λi interruption/year (4.1)

N

Us = ∑i=1 λi ri hr/yr (4.2)

Us
rs = λs hr/yr (4.3)

4.1.2. Reliability Indices

In this thesis, to analyze the impact of protection system on reliability,
following reliability indices can be used; system average interruption frequency index
(SAIFI), system average interruption duration index (SAIDI), customer average
interruption duration index (CAIDI), expected energy not supplied (EENS) and
average energy not supplied (AENS).
Reliability indices are typically computed by utilities at the end of each year
by using historical outage data recorded in distribution outage reports. This is
important because utilities know how their systems are performing. However, it is less
useful to quantity and compare the specific impact of various design improvement
options. To make such comparisons, a model must be developed which is capable of
predicting. The system performance can also be assessed on an overall distribution
system including system reliability indices. These indices reflect the adequacy of
overall system supply and indicate the system behavior and response.

total number of customer interruptions

SAIFI = total number of customer served
 24

∑UiNi
= ∑ Ni interruption/customer/year (4.4)
sum of customer interruption duration
SAIDI = total number of customer

∑UiNi
= ∑ Ni hr/customer/yr (4.5)
sum of customer interruption duration
CAIDI = total number of customer interruptions
∑UiNi
= λi N i hr/customer/yr (4.6)

ENS = ∑ La(i) U i kWh/yr (4.7)

Where EENS is energy not supply, La(i) is average load demand at load point I
and Ui is outage time at load point i.
SAIFI represents the average number of sustained interruptions experienced
by a customer in a unit time (generally 1 year). The definition of services area is
flexible in the sense that the number of customers and the interruptions experienced
by them changes with the definition of the enclosed area. For instance, a feeder SAIFI
indicates the average number of interruptions a customer serviced by the particular
feeder would experience in a year. Similarly, SAIFI reported for a substation or a
distribution system encloses the total customers in the service area. In order to
calculate the index, data of individual sustained interruptions in a year are required.
SAIDI indicates the average time a customer has an interruption during a time
cycle (1 year). It is usually specified in customer minutes or customer hours of
interruption/year. SAIDI (system average interruption duration index) is the average
interruption duration per customer served. It is determined by dividing the sum of all
customer interruption durations during a year by the number of customers served.
SAIDI can be improved by reducing the number of interruptions or the duration of the
interruptions. The restoration time includes, the time taken to notice an outage, the
time taken to locate and reach the location and the time to repair the fault.
CAIDI is the average interruption duration for those customers interrupted
during a year. It is determined by dividing the sum of all customer interruption
 25

durations by the number of customers experiencing one or more interruptions over a

one-year period. The index is the ratio of SAIDI to SAIFI. It represents the average
time taken to restore service to the customers when a sustained interruption occurs.
CAIDI can be improved by reducing the length of interruptions by faster crew
response time and repair time.
The performance indices such as SAIFI, SAIDI and CAIDI express
interruption statistics in terms of system customers. A customer can be an individual,
firm, or organization who purchases electric services at one location under one rate
classification, contract or schedule. If service is supplied to a customer at more than
one location, each location shall be continued as a separate customer. [10Ohn]

4.1.3. Effect of Lateral Distributor Protection

Additional protection is frequently used in practical distribution system. One
possibility in the case of the system is to install fuse at the tee-point in each lateral
distributor causes its appropriate fuse to blown; this causes disconnection of its load
point until the failure is repaired but does not affect or cause the disconnection of any
other load point. [10Ohn]

4.1.4. Effect of Lateral Protection and Disconnecting Switches

A second of alternative reinforcement of improvement scheme is the provision
of disconnects or isolators at judicious points along the main feeder. These are
generally not fault breaking switches and therefore nay short circuit on a feeder still
causes the breaker to operate. After the fault has been detected, the disconnecting
switch can be opened and the breaker reclosed. This procedure allows restoration of
all load points between the supply point and the point of isolation be installed in the
previous system and let the total isolation and switching time be 0.5 hours. [10Ohn]

4.1.5. Reliability Indices with DG (Enough Capacity and Full Time)

In this case, DG is available for all time and its capacity is greater than its
maximum demand. It means that DG can supply for all load point if any interruption
is occurred. Moreover, the DG can supply as a back-up source in this case and the DG
can run at all time. [10Ohn]

4.1.6. Reliability Indices with DG (Full Time, but Partial Capacity)

 26

In this case, DG can run 24 hours and connect to the networks. However, the
capacity is only load point 11 and it is less than the max demand. Therefore, the DG
cannot supply to all load points. [10Ohn]
4.2. Test System
In this system, the analysis is tested in Chaung Oo Substation, Chaung Oo
Township. There are three feeders. And, choosing the feeder 2, the reliability
condition of F2 is analyzed with four cases. Case A is normal state (no protective
device). Case B is the case with fuse. Case C is both fuse and disconnecting switches
and Case D is the case with DG.

10MVA
33/11 kV

F1 F2 F3

A B C

Figure 4.1. Chaung Oo Distribution Network

 27

10MVA
33/11 kV

L1
L2
L3
L4
L5 L14
L6 L15
L7 L16
L8 L16
L9 L17
L10 L18
L11 L19
L12 L21
L13 L22

Figure 4.2.One Line Diagram of Chaung Oo Distribution Network

 28

Table 4.1. Component Reliability Data

Component λ r

Transformers 0.001 2

Lines 0.005 4

Table 4.2. Load Data

Feeder-2

LP kW LP kW
1 40 12 400

2 80 13 160

3 40 14 252

4 160 15 128

5 80 16 400

6 80 17 80

7 160 18 252

8 40 19 252

9 252 20 40

10 160 21 40

11 160 22 400

Reliability data for each component is shown in table.1. The λ is failure rate
per year for transformer and failure rate per year per kilometer for lines. The r is
repair time and s is switching time in hour. Using the test system and data, EENS is
focused to check the condition of system reliability. The 11 kV feeder section, lateral
lines, 11/0.4 kV transformers are used to analyze the impact of distribution protection
system. And then, reliability improvement scheme is tested as follows:
(1). Lateral protection with fuses
(2). Feeder protection with disconnecting switches
(3). Embedded generation with DG
 29

A number of network components including transformers, lines, isolators,

fuses, and DG are used and applied in a systematic manner to calculate expected
downtime experienced by the customer supplied on different connections of the
network with different smart technology interventions. Customer, substation
equipment and sub-transmission networks are excluded. The approach recognizes the
fact that key network components such as length of line, number of transformers,
location of fuses, breakers and DG, etc. have a significant impact on the reliability of
a feeder.
 30

Table 4.3. Calculation of Basic Load Point Indices for Normal State
Load point(1) Load point(2) Load point(3) Load point(4) Load point(5) Load point(6)

Λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

1 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

2 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

3 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

4 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

5 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

6 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

7 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

8 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

9 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

10 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

11 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

12 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

13 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

14 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

15 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

16 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

17 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

18 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

19 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

20 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072

21 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

22 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

23 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

24 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02

25 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

26 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

27 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

28 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018

29 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006

30 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03

31 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

32 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02

33 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012

34 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022

35 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

36 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

37 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03

38 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

39 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016

40 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016

41 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006

42 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036

43 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

44 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

Total 0.316 132 0.926 0.316 132 0.926 0.316 132 0.926 0.316 132 0.926 0.316 132 0.926 0.316 132 0.926

Continued from Table4.3.

 31

Load point(7) Load point(8) Load point(9) Load point(10) Load point(11) Load point(12)
 32

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018

0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006

0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02

0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012

0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016

0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016

0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006

0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926

Continued from Table4.3.

Load point(13) Load point(14) Load point(15) Load point(16) Load point(17) Load point(18)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02
 33

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018

0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006

0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02

0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012

0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016

0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016

0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006

0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926

Continued;
Load point(19) Load point(20) Load point(21) Load point(22)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

 34

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018 0.009 2 0.018

0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006

0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03

0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008 0.004 2 0.008

0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02 0.01 2 0.02

0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012 0.006 2 0.012

0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022 0.011 2 0.022

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03 0.015 2 0.03

0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01 0.005 2 0.01

0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016

0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016 0.008 2 0.016

0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006 0.003 2 0.006

0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036 0.018 2 0.036

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014 0.007 2 0.014

0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926 0.316 2.93 0.926

Table 4.4. Calculation of Basic Load Point Indices with Fuses

Load point(1) Load point(2) Load point(3) Load point(4) Load point(5) Load point(6)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02
5 5 5 5
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
2 4 0.003 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 4 0.003 4 0.012
3 2 3 3 2 3 2
0.01 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.06
3 4 0.016 4 0.064 4 0.064 4 4 0.016 4 0.064
6 4 6 6 4 6 4
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
4 4 0.003 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 4 0.003 4 0.012
3 2 3 3 2 3 2
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
5 4 0.003 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 4 0.003 4 0.012
3 2 3 3 2 3 2
 35

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

6 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02
5 5 5 5
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
7 4 0.004 4 0.016 4 0.016 4 4 0.004 4 0.016
4 6 4 4 6 4 6
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
8 4 0.003 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 4 0.003 4 0.012
3 2 3 3 2 3 2
0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03
9 4 0.008 4 0.032 4 0.032 4 4 0.008 4 0.032
8 2 8 8 2 8 2
0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02
10 4 0.006 4 0.024 4 0.024 4 4 0.006 4 0.024
6 4 6 6 4 6 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02
5 5 5 5
0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02
12 4 0.007 4 0.028 4 0.028 4 4 0.007 4 0.028
7 8 7 7 8 7 8
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
13 4 0.004 4 0.016 4 0.016 4 4 0.004 4 0.016
4 6 4 4 6 4 6
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
14 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 4 0.06 4 0.06 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06
5 5 5 5
0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03
15 4 0.008 4 0.032 4 0.032 4 4 0.008 4 0.032
8 2 8 8 2 8 2
0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03
16 4 0.008 4 0.032 4 0.032 4 4 0.008 4 0.032
8 2 8 8 2 8 2
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
17 4 0.003 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 4 0.003 4 0.012
3 2 3 3 2 3 2
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
18 4 0.003 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 4 0.003 4 0.012
3 2 3 3 2 3 2
0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03
19 4 0.008 4 0.032 4 0.032 4 4 0.008 4 0.032
8 2 8 8 2 8 2
0.01 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.07
20 4 0.018 4 0.072 4 0.072 4 4 0.018 4 0.072
8 2 8 8 2 8 2
0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02
21 4 0.007 4 0.028 4 0.028 4 4 0.007 4 0.028
7 8 7 7 8 7 8
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02
5 5 5 5
0.00
23 2 0.01
5

24 0.01 2 0.02

0.00
25 2 0.008
4
0.00 0.01
26 2
7 4
0.00 0.00
27 2
4 8

28 0.009 2 0.018

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

Tota 0.15 0.59 3.87 0.15 3.94 0.15 0.60 0.15 0.59 3.88
3.934 0.157 0.608 0.596 3.909 3.947 0.156 0.606
l 2 8 3 1 7 4 2 1 6 5

Continued from Table 4.4.

Load point(7) Load point(8) Load point(9) Load point(10) Load point(11) Load point(12)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016
 36

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 2 0.006

0.015 2 0.03

0.004 2 0.008

0.01 2 0.02

0.006 2 0.012

0.011 2 0.022

0.15 3.9 0.594 0.162 3.8 0.618 0.151 3.9 0.596 0.157 3.8 0.608 0.153 3.9 0.6 0.158 3.9 0.61

Continued from Table 4.4.

Load point(13) Load point(14) Load point(15) Load point(16) Load point(17) Load point(18)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032
 37

0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.005 2 0.01

0.005 2 0.01

0.015 2 0.03

0.005 2 0.01

0.008 2 0.016

0.008 2 0.016

0.152 3.9 0.598 0.152 3.9 0.598 0.162 3.8 0.618 0.152 3.9 0.598 0.155 3.8 0.604 0.155 3.8 0.604

Continued;
Load point(19) Load point(20) Load point(21) Load point(22)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

 38

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 2 0.006

0.018 2 0.036

0.007 2 0.014

0.007 2 0.014

0.15 3.96 0.594 0.165 3.78 0.624 0.154 3.909 0.602 0.154 3.909 0.602

Table 4.5. Calculation of Basic Load Point Indices with Fuses and Disconnecting
Switches
Load point(1) Load point(2) Load point(3) Load point(4) Load point(5) Load point(6)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

1 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

2 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

3 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

4 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

5 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

6 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 4 0.02

7 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

8 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

9 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

10 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003

11 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

12 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004
 39

13 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

14 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008

15 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

16 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

17 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

18 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

19 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

20 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

21 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

22 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

23 0.005 2 0.01

24 0.01 2 0.02

25 0.004 2 0.008

26 0.007 2 0.014

27 0.004 2 0.008

28 0.009 2 0.018

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

Tota
0.152 0.664 0.101 0.157 0.777 0.122 0.151 1.09 0.166 0.154 1.18 0.182 0.151 1.238 0.187 0.156 1.37 0.214
l

Continued from Table 4.5.

Load point(7) Load point(8) Load point(9) Load point(10) Load point(11) Load point(12)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008
 40

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.003 2 0.006

0.015 2 0.03

0.004 2 0.008

0.01 2 0.02

0.006 2 0.012

0.011 2 0.022

0.15 1.44 0.216 0.162 1.33 0.251 0.151 1.7 0.257 0.157 1.85 0.29 0.153 1.95 0.299 0.158 2.11 0.334

Continued from Table 4.5.

Load point(13) Load point(14) Load point(15) Load point(16) Load point(17) Load point(18)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032
 41

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.005 2 0.01

0.005 2 0.01

0.015 2 0.03

0.005 2 0.01

0.008 2 0.016

0.008 2 0.016

0.152 2.21 0.336 0.152 2.55 0.388 0.162 2.69 0.436 0.152 2.92 0.444 0.155 2.97 0.461 0.155 3.04 0.471

Continued;
Load point(19) Load point(20) Load point(21) Load point(22)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02

0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016

0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 4 0.06

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012

 42

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 4 0.072

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 4 0.028

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 4 0.02

0.003 2 0.006

0.018 2 0.036

0.007 2 0.014

0.007 2 0.014

0.15 3.26 0.489 0.165 3.53 0.582 0.154 3.79 0.585 0.154 3.9 0.602

Table 4.6. Calculation of Basic Load Point Indices with DG (Enough Capacity and
Full Time)
Load point(1) Load point(2) Load point(3) Load point(4) Load point(5) Load point(6)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
1 4 0.02 0.5 0.5 0.5
5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
2 0.5 4 0.5 0.5
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2 3 5 2
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.01 0. 0.00 0.01 0. 0.00
3 0.5 0.5 4 0.5
6 8 6 8 6 4 6 8 6 5 8 6 5 8
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
4 0.5 0.5 0.5 4
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2 3 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0. 0.00
5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00
6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4 0.02
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 5 2 4 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2 3 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 5 4 8 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
10 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 5 3 6 5 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
11 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
12 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 5 4 7 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
13 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 5 2 4 5 2
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0. 0.00 0.01 0. 0.00
14 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 5 8 5 5 8
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
15 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 5 4 8 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
16 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 5 4 8 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
17 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2 3 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
18 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2 3 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
19 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 5 4 8 5 4
 43

0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0. 0.00 0.01 0. 0.00
20 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 5 9 8 5 9
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
21 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 5 4 7 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
22 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3
0.00
23 2 0.01
5

24 0.01 2 0.02

0.00 0.00
25 2
4 8
0.00 0.01
26 2
7 4
0.00 0.00
27 2
4 8
0.00 0.01
28 2
9 8

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

Tot 0.15 0.6 0.10 0.15 0.6 0.10 0.15 0.9 0.13 0.15 0.6 0.09 0.15 0. 0.09 0.15 0. 0.10
al 2 6 1 7 6 4 1 1 8 4 4 8 1 6 2 6 7 9

Continued from Table 4.6.

Load point(7) Load point(8) Load point(9) Load point(10) Load point(11) Load point(12)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004
 44

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.003 2 0.006

0.015 2 0.03

0.004 2 0.008

0.01 2 0.02

0.006 2 0.012

0.011 2 0.022

0.15 0.63 0.094 0.162 0.7 0.114 0.151 0.7 0.11 0.157 0.7 0.115 0.153 0.67 0.103 0.158 0.8 0.12

Continued from Table 4.6.

Load point(13) Load point(14) Load point(15) Load point(16) Load point(17) Load point(18)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003
 45

0.005 2 0.01

0.005 2 0.01

0.015 2 0.03

0.005 2 0.01

0.008 2 0.016

0.008 2 0.016

0.152 0.6 0.098 0.152 0.9 0.136 0.162 0.8 0.132 0.152 0.7 0.112 0.155 0.65 0.1 0.155 0.65 0.1

Contiued;
Load point(19) Load point(20) Load point(21) Load point(22)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 4 0.02
 46

0.003 2 0.006

0.018 2 0.036

0.007 2 0.014

0.007 2 0.014

0.15 0.72 0.108 0.165 1.05 0.173 0.154 0.73 0.112 0.154 0.68 0.105

Table 4.7. Calculation of Basic Load Point Indices with DG (Full Time, but Partial
Capacity)
Load point(1) Load point(2) Load point(3) Load point(4) Load point(5) Load point(6)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02 4 0.02
5 5 5 5 5 5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
2 0.5 4 4 4 4 4
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.06
3 0.5 0.5 4 4 4 4
6 8 6 8 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
4 0.5 0.5 0.5 4 4 4
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4 4
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4 0.02
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
10 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 5 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
11 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
12 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
13 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 5 2
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0. 0.00
14 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 5 8
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
15 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
16 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
17 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
18 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 2
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
19 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 5 4
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0. 0.00
20 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 5 9
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
21 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 5 4
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 0.00
22 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3
0.00
23 2 0.01
5

24 0.01 2 0.02

0.00 0.00
25 2
4 8
 47

0.00 0.01
26 2
7 4
0.00 0.00
27 2
4 8
0.00 0.01
28 2
9 8

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

Tot 0.15 0.6 0.10 0.15 0.7 0.12 0.15 1.0 0.16 0.15 1.1 0.18 0.15 1.2 0.18 0.15 1. 0.21
al 2 6 1 7 8 2 1 9 6 4 8 2 1 4 7 6 4 4

Continued from Table 4.7.

Load point(7) Load point(8) Load point(9) Load point(10) Load point(11) Load point(12)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 4 0.064 0.016 0.5 0.008

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 4 0.016 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 4 0.024 0.006 0.5 0.003

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 4 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 4 0.028

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003
 48

0.003 2 0.006

0.015 2 0.03

0.004 2 0.008

0.01 2 0.02

0.006 2 0.012

0.011 2 0.022

0.15 1.44 0.216 0.162 1.5 0.251 0.151 1.7 0.257 0.157 1.8 0.29 0.153 1.9 0.299 0.158 0.76 0.12

Continued from Table 4.7.

Load point(13) Load point(14) Load point(15) Load point(16) Load point(17) Load point(18)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.004 4 0.016 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 4 0.06 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 4 0.032 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 4 0.012

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003
 49

0.005 2 0.01

0.005 2 0.01

0.015 2 0.03

0.005 2 0.01

0.008 2 0.016

0.008 2 0.016

0.152 0.64 0.098 0.152 0.89 0.136 0.162 0.81 0.132 0.152 0.73 0.112 0.155 0.65 0.1 0.155 0.65 0.1

Continued;
Load point(19) Load point(20) Load point(21) Load point(22)

λ r U λ r U λ r U λ r U

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008 0.016 0.5 0.008

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003 0.006 0.5 0.003

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.004 0.5 0.002

0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008 0.015 0.5 0.008

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002 0.003 0.5 0.002

0.008 4 0.032 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004 0.008 0.5 0.004

0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 4 0.072 0.018 0.5 0.009 0.018 0.5 0.009

0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 0.5 0.004 0.007 4 0.028 0.007 0.5 0.004

0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 0.5 0.003 0.005 4 0.02
 50

0.003 2 0.006

0.018 2 0.036

0.007 2 0.014

0.007 2 0.014

0.15 0.72 0.108 0.165 1.05 0.173 0.154 0.73 0.112 0.154 0.68 0.105

4.3. Calculation of Reliability Indices for Normal State

SAIFI = 6.952/22 = 0.316 interruption/customer/year
SAIDI = 20.372/22 = 0.926 hr/customer/yr
CAIDI = 0.926/0.316 = 2.930 hr/customer interruption
ENS = 0.926×3565 = 3301 kWh/yr

4.3.1. Calculation of Reliability Indices with Fuse

SAIFI = 3.403/22 = 0.155 interruption/customer/yr
SAIDI = 13.274/22 = 0.603 hr/customer/yr
CAIDI = 0.603/0.155 = 3.890 hr/customer interruption
ENS = 0.603×3565 = 2150 kWh/yr

4.3.2. Calculation of Reliability Indices with Fuse and Disconnecting Switch

SAIFI = 3.403/22 = 0.155 interruption/customer/yr
SAIDI = 7.408/22 = 0.337 hr/customer/yr
CAIDI = 0.337/0.155 = 2.174 hr/customer interruption
ENS = 0.337×3565 = 1201 kWh/yr

4.3.3. Calculation of Reliability Indices with DG (Enough Capacity and Full Time)
SAIFI = 3.403/22 = 0.155 interruption/customer/yr
SAIDI = 2.469/22 = 0.112 hr/customer/yr
CAIDI = 0.112/0.155 = 0.723 hr/customer interruption
ENS = 0.112×3565 = 400 kWh/yr
 51

4.3.4. Calculation of Reliability Indices with DG (full time, but partial capacity)
SAIFI = 3.403/22 = 0.155 interruption/customer/yr
SAIDI = 3.576/22 = 0.163 hr/customer/yr
CAIDI = 0.163/0.155 = 1.052 hr/customer interruption
ENS = 0.163×3565 = 581 kWh/yr