What Is A Load Sensing Valve Used For?: 1 Answer

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Mechanical Engineering

What is a load sensing valve used for?

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1 Answer

Sreeram Srinivas
Answered Oct 24 2016 · Author has 2.2k answers and 2.2m answer views

Load Sensing Control Valve (LSC)

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Mainly used in automobiles

Load sensing valves are mostly used on heavy goods vehicles (HGV) and trains. They
sense the loaded weight of a vehicle (by how far the suspension drops under weight),
then they vary the brake pressure in the brake cylinders accordingly.
 
 The reason they are used is so that when a vehicle is unladen the brakes apply a
lighter force so as to stop the wheels from locking (on say a train), but when the
vehicle is loaded the brakes will apply more pressure and operate quicker. It is a
proportional or pressure regulating valve used on the rear axle of vehicles, as you
loaded the truck with stuff, it would compress the suspension, and when it was
compressed it adjusted this valve that was mounted to the body and connected to the
axle (to adjust it). So as the truck was loaded, it allowed more brake pressure to be
applied to the rear brakes. When the truck was unloaded, the valve backed off,
reducing you chance of locking up the rear axle during a panic stop.

Early systems on some rail vehicles had a manually operated load valve which turned
the brakes from loaded to unloaded and vice versa.

A load sensing valve is found on a braking system of a car or a truck. It detects ,by way
of a connecting rod; the weight or downward movement of a vehicle caused by a

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heavy load and allows more brake fluid/air/pressure to be applied to the rear brakes.
As a vehicle moves forward, the front brakes do most of the work. The reason for this
valve is to re-distribute the braking efficiency and make the vehicle more controllable
under braking with a heavy load and give a more equal braking force,rather than the
usual 60/40 split between front and back brakes.
 
 They are also used on semis with air ride. As the load increases and pushes down on
the suspension, the air pressure in the air bags (replaces the suspension spring) is
increased to maintain a level ride.

To ensure that flow matches demand, system designers specify control valves with
pressure compensators that control flow rates or distribution. Two designs
predominate. One, load sensing (LS), uses an upstream pressure compensator. The
other, flow sharing, has a downstream pressure compensator

Load Sensing pumps operate in a closed-loop pressure control mode where the
highest load pressure can change significantly — depending on operating conditions
and the task at hand. Every time load pressure changes, a pressure signal in the Load
Sensing line instructs the pump to adjust the flow and establish a new ΔP.

Many factors affect this pressure-control loop, such as changing oil temperatures and
natural frequencies and damping levels of the operating equipment. Therefore, a
fixed setting of the pump’s control parameters must be a compromise across all
operating conditions. Unfortunately, some operating conditions approach or exceed
the stability limit of the closed-loop controls.

Load pressure detection system Hydraulic control system able to adjust pressure and
flow rate to reflect the requirements of one or more consumers at any given time. LS
systems can be created using a constant pump and 3-way pressure compensator as
well as a variable pump

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