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Feeder Protection

Feeder protection is used to protect electrical feeders that inject energy from substations to loads. It is essential to protect feeders from various faults. Time graded protection is a scheme where relay time settings are consecutive so that the smallest part of the system is isolated during a fault. For radial feeder systems, time graded protection is used so that the relay closest to a fault operates first to isolate only that section, while other sections remain powered. The minimum time difference between adjacent relay operations is 0.4 seconds to allow for circuit breaker operation.

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352 views2 pages

Feeder Protection

Feeder protection is used to protect electrical feeders that inject energy from substations to loads. It is essential to protect feeders from various faults. Time graded protection is a scheme where relay time settings are consecutive so that the smallest part of the system is isolated during a fault. For radial feeder systems, time graded protection is used so that the relay closest to a fault operates first to isolate only that section, while other sections remain powered. The minimum time difference between adjacent relay operations is 0.4 seconds to allow for circuit breaker operation.

Uploaded by

Rajeev Valunjkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Feeder Protection

Definition: Feeder protection is defined as the protection of the feeder from the fault so that the
power grid continue supply the energy. The feeder injects the electrical energy from the
substation to the load end. So it is essential to protect the feeder from the various type of fault.
The main requirement of the feeder protection are;

1. During the short circuit, the circuit breaker nearest to the fault should open and all other
circuit breakers remain in a closed position.
2. If the breaker nearest to the fault fails to open then, backup protection should be provided
by the adjacent circuit breaker.
3. The relay operating time should be small to maintain the system stability without
necessary tripping of a circuit.

Time Graded Protection


This is a scheme in which the time setting of relays is so consecutive that in the event of a fault,
the smallest possible part of the system is isolated. The applications of time graded are explained
below.

Protection of Radial Feeders


The main characteristic of a radial system is that power flow only in one direction, i.e. from the
generator or the supply end to the load end. It has the drawback that continuity of supply cannot
be controlled at the load end in the occurrence of a fault.

In a radial system when the number of feeders is connected in series as shown in the figure. It is
desired that the smallest possible part of the system should be off. This is conveniently achieved
by employing time graded protection. The over current system should be adjusted in such a way
that the longer the relay from the generating station the lesser the time of operation.
When the fault
occurs on the SS4, the relay OC5 should operate first and not any other i.e. the time require to
operate the relay OC4 must be less than the time required for relay OC3 and so on. This shows
that the time setting required for these relays must be properly graded. The minimum interval of
time which can be allowed for the two adjacent circuit breaker depends on its own clearance
time, plus a small time for the safety margin.

With normal circuit breaker in use minimum, the discriminating time between adjustment
breaker should be about 0.4 seconds. The time settings for relay OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, and
OC5 will be 0.2 seconds, 1.5 seconds, 1.5 seconds, 1.0 seconds, 0.5 second and instantaneous
respectively. Along with the grading system, it is also essential that the time of operation for the
severe fault should be less. This can be done by using time limiting fuse in parallel with the trip
coils.

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