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Major Equations: Major Equation Used in Models

1) This document discusses important equations used in distillation column modeling, including material balances and equations of operating lines for rectifying and stripping sections. 2) It also covers calculation of reflux ratio using liquid and distillate flow rates, and analysis of a fractionating column using the McCabe-Thiele method including preparation of an equilibrium diagram. 3) Key equations presented are for total material balance, component balance, operating lines, reflux ratio, and using Roult's and Dalton's laws to calculate vapor-liquid equilibrium from partial pressures.

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87 views3 pages

Major Equations: Major Equation Used in Models

1) This document discusses important equations used in distillation column modeling, including material balances and equations of operating lines for rectifying and stripping sections. 2) It also covers calculation of reflux ratio using liquid and distillate flow rates, and analysis of a fractionating column using the McCabe-Thiele method including preparation of an equilibrium diagram. 3) Key equations presented are for total material balance, component balance, operating lines, reflux ratio, and using Roult's and Dalton's laws to calculate vapor-liquid equilibrium from partial pressures.

Uploaded by

sumit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Major Equations

Major Equation Used in models

Important Equation used in Distillation [Continuous Fractionating Column]:

1) Net system:

Total Material Balance:

F=D+B

F = Molar flow rate of Feed. Moles/hr.


D = Molar flow rate of Distillate. Moles/hr.
B = Molar flow rate of Bottom product. Moles/hr.

Component A (Benzene) balance:

FXF = DXD + BXB

XD = Mole fraction of A in Distillate


XB = Mole fraction of A in Bottoms

2) Equation of Operating Lines:

a) Equation of operating line of rectifying section:

Ln DXD

Yn+1 = ---- Xn + -------

Vn+1 Vn+1

Yn+1 = Mole fraction of more component [MVC] in vapour phase on Yn+1 plate.

Xn = Mole fraction of MVC in liquid phase on nth plate in rectifying section.

Ln = Molar flow rate of liquid from n plate in rectifying section Mole/n1

Vn+1 = Molar flow rate of vapour from n+1 plate in stripping section Mole/n1
b) Equation of operating line of rectifying section:

Lm BXB

Ym+1 = ------ Xm + --------

Vm+1 Vm+1

Ym+1 = Mole fraction of MVC in vapour in stripping section.


Lm = Molar flow rate of liquid from m plate in stripping section.
Vm+1= Molar flow rate of vapour from
Xm = Mole fraction of MVC in liquid phase on mth plate in stripping section.

3) Calculation Reflux Ratio:

Reflux Ratio [R]

Moles of liquid return to column


Reflux Ratio = --------------------------------------------------------------
Moles of liquid withdraw from the column as Distillate

R=L/D

L = Moles of liquid. Returned to the column Mol/hr.

D = Mole of liquid withdrawn as Product

R = Reflux Ratio

Equation of operating in Rectifying section based Reflux Ratio:

R XD

Yn+1 = ------ Xn + ------

R+1 R+1
4) Analysis of Fractionating Column by McCabe - Thiele Method:

a) Preparation of Equilibrium Diagram

1) Calculation of mole fraction of MVC in liquid phase at different Partial Pressure using

Roult’s Law.

PA = pA XA
PA = Partial pressure of component A in liquid in atm.
pA = Vapour pressure or component A in liquid in atm.
XA = Mole fraction of component A in liquid.

2) Calculation of mole fraction of MVC in vapour phase according to Dalton’s Law

P = PA + PB

P = Total pressure in atm.


PA = Partial pressure of comp. A in atm.
PB = Partial pressure of comp. B in atm.

PA pA XA

YA = ----- = --------

P P

Using the above equation vapor liquid equilibrium diagram can be drawn
Xf = Mole fraction of MVC in liquid phase
Note: - Assuming the feed is at its boiling point.

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