The document summarizes the structure and function of the human alimentary canal. It describes the main components of the oral cavity including the tongue, teeth, salivary glands, and types of papillae. It then discusses the general histology of the gastrointestinal tract, outlining the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Finally, it briefly covers the esophagus and its four layers.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human alimentary canal. It describes the main components of the oral cavity including the tongue, teeth, salivary glands, and types of papillae. It then discusses the general histology of the gastrointestinal tract, outlining the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Finally, it briefly covers the esophagus and its four layers.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human alimentary canal. It describes the main components of the oral cavity including the tongue, teeth, salivary glands, and types of papillae. It then discusses the general histology of the gastrointestinal tract, outlining the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Finally, it briefly covers the esophagus and its four layers.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human alimentary canal. It describes the main components of the oral cavity including the tongue, teeth, salivary glands, and types of papillae. It then discusses the general histology of the gastrointestinal tract, outlining the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Finally, it briefly covers the esophagus and its four layers.
. . Alimentary canal in human 1. Oral cavity till anal orifice. 2. Assosciated Glands. Oral Cavity Contents of the oral cavity are: tongue, teeth and the salivary glands, which empty their secretory products into the oral cavity. Oral cavity Is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to protect the mouth from the effect of food Soft palate, floor of the mouth, lips, and cheeks are lined with non- keratinized epithelium Lamina propria contains many diffuse salivary glands The Tongue It consists of skeletal muscle fibers concerned with change in tongue shape The tongue is attached to nearby bony structures to move the tongue in various directions It is covered by different types of papillae Tongue Papillae They are four types: Filliform Fungiform Circumvallate Foliate With the exception of filiform, they contain taste buds for taste sensation Taste bud consists of sensory cells, supporting cells, and basal cells Von Ebner glands Lingual Papilla Papillae are elevations of the oral epithelium and lamina propria that assume various forms and functions. Filiform papillae have an elongated conical shape; they are quite numerous and are present over the entire surface of the tongue. Their epithelium, which does not contain taste buds, is keratinized. Fungiform papillae resemble mushrooms.These papillae, which contain scattered taste buds on their upper surfaces, are irregularly interspersed among the filiform papillae. Foliate papillae are poorly developed in humans. They consist of two or more parallel ridges and furrows on the dorsolateral surface of the tongue and contain many taste buds. Circumvallate papillae are 7–12 extremely large circular papillae whose flattened surfaces extend above the other papillae. They are distributed in the V region in the posterior portion of the tongue. Numerous serous (von Ebner's) glands drain their contents into the deep groove that encircles the periphery of each papilla Taste Buds Cells that form the taste bud can
functionally be divided into three groups:
Sensory cells, Supporting (or sustentacular) cells Basal cells (regenerate the two other cell types) Taste buds are also found in the palate, in the pharynx and larynx. Teeth There are 20 deciduous teeth There are 32 permanent teeth Each tooth consists of : Enamel (ameloblasts) Dentin(odontoblasts) Pulp Cementum(cementocytes Periodontal ligament Root canal Gingiva CS of Alimentary canal (General) . Histology of GIT Schematic diagram showing different layers of GIT 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa Mucosa Consists of: Lining epithelium made of simple columnar epithelium It sits on a basement membrane Lamina propria made of loose connective tissue full of macrophges and lymphocytes Muscularis mucosae separate mucosa from submucosa contraction of which leads to increase contact of epithelium with food Submucosa Consists of a layer of . dense connective tissue Rich in blood vessels Contains submucosal nerve plexuses Some times it may contain mucus glands Muscularis Generally, it consists of 2 layers of smooth muscle fibers Inner circular and outer longitudinal Myenteric nerve plexuses are distributed between the two muscle layers With the submucosal nerve plexuses, they help propel and mixing the food Serosa It is a layer of loose . connective tissue covered by a layer of simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium It contains the lymphatic and blood vessels of the GI tract and fat tissue Functions of the GIT Selective permeability Transport and food digestion Absorption of food Secretion of hormones and enzymes of digestion Production of mucus for lubrication and moisturizing ingested food Immunity Epithelial lining is divided into 2 types: 1. Masticatory epithelium covers (tongue, gingivae and hard palate). The epithelium is keratinized St. Sq Epi. . 2. Lining epithelium, i.e. non-keratinised St. Sq Epi. covers the remaining surfaces of the oral cavity. . . Eosophagus Consists of four layers Lining epithelium is stratified squamous non-keratinized Eosophageal submucus gland Eosopageal cardiac glands Muscular layer Covering serosa and adventitia Parts of the esophagus Upper part Middle part Lower part
