Assignment - Part 1 (Final Year Project) : Supervisor

Assignment –Part 1(Final
6/1/2020
Year Project)
Supervisor:
Dr. Adeel Anwar
Submitted By:
Umair -ul-Hassan (2016-CH-208)
Muhammad Basit Ali (2016-CH-224)
Muhammad Usman (2016-CH-226)
Submitted to:
Dr Izzat Cheema
Project Title:
Production of Syngas From 1000 Kg/hr of Rice Husk Using Fluidized
Bed Gasifier.
Objective :
 Environmental friendly
 Less CO2 emission
 Oil & Gas reserves are decreasing
 Sustainable
Motivation of The Project:

 Energy Crises in Pakistan
 Availability of the raw material
 Establish new and secure energy source
 Reduce greenhouse effect
o Pakistan is facing a huge energy crisis these days. Most of our energy
is produced from fossil fuels which are depleting day by day.
o Biomass is the future of Pakistan as well as the whole world. So we

have decided to use Rice husk to produce Syngas, an alternative to
Natural gas.
o It is estimated that if 70% of rice husk is utilized in Pakistan annual

electricity production will be 1,328 GWh.
o Cost of per unit electricity by rice husk is found to be 47.36 cents/KWh

while for coal is 55.22 cents/KWh.
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
Block Diagram:
PSD (Process Structure Diagram)
Input and Output variables:
 Assumptions
Steady state process
Basis : 1 hr
Material In: Material Out:
Streams Units Streams Units

F1 Kg/h
(Biomass) F2 (Water) Kg/h
F4 Kg/h
(Air) F6 (Ash) Kg/h
F5 Kg/h
(Steam) F8 (Solids) Kg/h
F13 Kg/h F10 (Solids) Kg/h

(Selexol)
F12 (Syngas) Kg/h
F14 (Selexol) Kg/h

Computation Strategy:
For our project we used Gasification to convert biomass(rick husk) into syngas by
using fluidized bed gasifier because of the following advantages;
o Syngas is cleaned before combustion which reduces air pollutants to

the atmosphere
o Gasification enables the use of low-value feedstock to produce energy.
o Gasification plants use less water than coal combustion plants.
o CO2 can be cost-effectively captured from the gasification process.
o Syngas can be used to produce electricity.
o Gasification systems are also increasingly being used to turn feed
stocks like coal into useful chemical products like ammonia.
o Limits the formation of dioxins & large quantities of SOx & NOx.
o Gasification can compete effectively in high-cost energy environments.
o Gasification converts abundant low-value feed stocks into high-value
products.
Distinct Attributes of Gasification:

o A clean, flexible, and reliable way of turning fossil fuels into clean
energy.
o Ability to convert low-value feedstock (coal) into high-value
products.
o Provides a cost effective way to capture CO2.
o Gasification enables use of domestic natural resources that would
otherwise not be economically viable. •
o Provides economic benefits with respect to investment and job
creation. •
o Gasification is enabling redefinition of "clean energy."
Environmental Benefits of Gasification:
The environmental benefits of gasification are as follows:
1. Reduced air emissions:

Significant air emission reductions achieved through gasification with CO2 capture,
at reduced cost compared to other post-combustion capture alternatives
2. Water usage:
Swan Hills Synfuels ISCG uses virtually no fresh water in the gasification
process but instead uses non-fresh water such as saline water.
3. Ability to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2):
In a gasification system, CO2 can be cost-effectively captured and sequestered

using commercially available technologies before it would otherwise be vented
to the atmosphere.
4. Ability to Use Coal Gasification for Clean Power Generation:
Low- carbon content ISCG syngas can fuel combined cycle power generation,
leading to air emissions levels much lower than those of conventional coal-fired
power or even natural gas-fired combined cycle generation.
Process Selection:
Gasification process is the most favorable because;
 High conversion of biomass
 Its utilization for useful products
 80% of biomass is converted to the desired products or energy
 Less flue gases
Selection of Fluidized Bed Gasifier:
 Fluidized bed is the most promising technology in biomass gasification
because of its potential to gasify a wide range of fuels (or mixture of fuels)
 High mixing capacity
 High mass and heat transfer rate
 Use moderate amount of steam and oxygen
 Operate at near atmospheric pressure
 Well suited for capacities ranging from 1MJ to 100MJ.
That’s why we have selected fluidized bed gasifier for our process.
Capacity Selection:
 We have selected the capacity of 1000Kg/h of rice husk.
 About 200Kg of rice husk can be obtained from 1 metric ton of rice paddy.
 The expected power generation from this project is 5MW.
Raw Material Availability:
 According to “grain and feed annual report 2017” given to the USDA
foreign agriculture service, production of rice in Pakistan is 6.8 million
metric ton
 Rice husk has high calorific value and produce more clean gas than coal
gasification
Biomass Ash Calorific

Content Values
(KJ/Kg)
Rice husk 20.65 3950
Bagasse 1.80 4380
Sugar Cane 5.00 3996

Leaves
Softwares:
1.ASPEN HYSYS.
2.CAMECAD
Why we used these softwares?
• Solution for improved feedstock selection and planning
• Enables users to integrate crude assay libraries
• Conversion reactor models, and links to LP planning tools for better crude
selection
• Planning, and scheduling of operations Aspen HYSYS' integrated
CHEMCAD is designed to help you drive productivity, accomplish

day-to-day tasks, and tackle the toughest chemical process models.
CHEMCAD is flexible enough to handle virtually any challenge that
comes your way.

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Assignment –Part 1(Final

Motivation of The Project:

o Biomass is the future of Pakistan as well as the whole world. So we

o It is estimated that if 70% of rice husk is utilized in Pakistan annual

o Cost of per unit electricity by rice husk is found to be 47.36 cents/KWh

Material In: Material Out:

Streams Units Streams Units

F13 Kg/h F10 (Solids) Kg/h

F14 (Selexol) Kg/h

o Syngas is cleaned before combustion which reduces air pollutants to

Distinct Attributes of Gasification:

1. Reduced air emissions:

3. Ability to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2):

In a gasification system, CO2 can be cost-effectively captured and sequestered

4. Ability to Use Coal Gasification for Clean Power Generation:

Biomass Ash Calorific

Rice husk 20.65 3950

Bagasse 1.80 4380

Sugar Cane 5.00 3996

CHEMCAD is designed to help you drive productivity, accomplish

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