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Double: Cheat Sheet - Circle

This document provides equations and concepts related to circles. It defines three key equations for representing a circle: (1) the standard form using the center and radius, (2) using an arbitrary center and radius, and (3) the general form. It also summarizes key concepts such as the family of circles that pass through points of intersection, tangents, normals, and the relative positions and intersections of two circles.

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Yieksh Bernalde
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68 views1 page

Double: Cheat Sheet - Circle

This document provides equations and concepts related to circles. It defines three key equations for representing a circle: (1) the standard form using the center and radius, (2) using an arbitrary center and radius, and (3) the general form. It also summarizes key concepts such as the family of circles that pass through points of intersection, tangents, normals, and the relative positions and intersections of two circles.

Uploaded by

Yieksh Bernalde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DOUBLEROOT Cheat Sheet – Circle

Equations of a Circle Family of Circles


Center: (0, 0) and Radius: a Passing through the points of intersection of a circle
2 2 2
x + y = a (Standard) S = 0 and a line L = 0
S + λL = 0
Center: (x1, y1) and Radius: r
(x − x1 )2 + (y − y1 )2 = r 2 Passing through the points of intersection of two
circles S = 0 and S’ = 0
Center: (-g, -f) and Radius: √g 2 + f 2 − c S + λS′ = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 (General)
Passing through two points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2)
End points of diameter: (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) (x − x1 )(x − x2 ) + (y − y1 )(y − y2 )
(x − x1 )(x − x2 ) + (y − y1 )(y − y2 ) = 0 + λ[(x2 − x1 )(y − y1 ) − (y2 − y1 )(x − x1 )] = 0
Notations Touching the line L = 0 at the point (x1, y1)
2
Standard: T = xx1 + yy1 – a , S1 = x12 + y12
–a 2
(x − x1 )2 + (y − y1 )2 + λL = 0
General: T = xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c
S1 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c Two circles
S: x 2 + y 2 + 2g1 x + 2f1 y + c1 = 0
Position of a point (x1, y1) w.r.t. a circle Center: C1 , Radius: r1
Outside: S1 > 0, On: S1 = 0, Inside: S1 < 0
S′: x 2 + y 2 + 2g 2 x + 2f2 y + c2 = 0
Tangent Center: C2 , Radius: r2
Equation of the tangent at the point (x1, y1) Angle of Intersection
T=0 (S1 = 0) r12 + r22 − (C1 C2 )2
cos(π – θ) =
Equation of the tangent of given slope m 2r1 r2
Standard: y = mx ± a√1 + m2 Orthogonal Intersection
General: y + f = m(x + g) ± √g 2 + f2 − c√1 + m2 r12 + r22 = (C1 C2 )2 or

Length of the tangent from the point (x1, y1) 2g1 g 2 + 2f1 f2 = c1 + c2
√S1 Radical axis
Normal S – S’ = 0 or
Equation of the normal at the point (x1, y1) 2(g1 − g 2 )x + 2(f1 − f2 )y + c1 − c2 = 0
y x
Standard: = Represents equation of common chord when the circles
y1 x1
intersect, and the common tangent (at the point of
y − y1 x − x1
General: = contact) when the circles touch each other.
y1 + f x1 + g
Relative Position (Common Tangents)
Equation of the normal of given slope m
Outside one another: C1C2 > r1 + r2 (4)
Standard: y = mx
Touching externally: C1C2 = r1 + r2 (3)
General: y + f = m(x + g)
Intersecting at 2 points: |r1 – r2| < C1C2 < r1 + r2 (2)
Chord of contact w.r.t the point (x1, y1) Touching internally: C1C2 = |r1 – r2| (1)
T=0 (S1 > 0) One inside the other: C1C2 < |r1 – r2| (0)
Chord with mid-point (x1, y1)
T = S1 (S1 < 0)

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