Wastewater Flow & Preliminary Treatment of Wastewater (Chapter 6)
Wastewater Flow & Preliminary Treatment of Wastewater (Chapter 6)
Wastewater Flow & Preliminary Treatment of Wastewater (Chapter 6)
B. POPULATION GROWTH
The various methods adopted for estimating future populations are given below. The particular method to be
adopted for a particular case or for a particular city depends largely on the factors discussed in the methods, and
the selection is left to the designer.
Arithmetic Increase Method
Geometric Increase Method
Incremental Increase Method
Decreasing Rate of Growth Method
Simple Graphical Method
Comparative Graphical Method
Ratio Method
Logistic Curve Method
In case the desired information on population is not available in the Master Plan of the town, the densities given
in following Table may be adopted as suggested by the Manual on Sewage and Sewage Treatment prepared by
the Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization.
D. INFILTRATION OF SUB-SOIL
Ground water or subsoil water may infiltrate into the sewers through the leaky joints. Exfiltration is the reverse
process which indicates the flow of wastewater from the sewer into the ground.
While due to the infiltration the quantity of flow through sewer increases, exfiltration results in decrease in the
flow and consequent increase in the pollution of ground water. Both infiltration as well as exfiltration are
undesirable and take place due to imperfect joints.
PURPOSE?
Protect the operation of the wastewater treatment plan by removing any constituents which can clog or damage
pumps, or interfere with subsequent treatment processes.
STORM OVERFLOWS
This involve an in-line control device to regulate the maximum forward flow to treatment with facilities for
accommodation of excess flows using either on-line storage, off-line storage or overflow spill pipe.
SCREENING
This may include coarse and fine screening. It is usually mechanically operated to intercept flowing and
suspended debris with ancillary equipment to remove the screenings, flush organic matter back to the sewage flow and
compact the final screenings residue for disposal off-site.
GRIT REMOVAL
This means to intercept and separate out grit particles including inorganic grit washing and storage facilities.
ODOUR TREATMENT
Treatment of odour may require containment and extraction of malodorous air for treatment. Treatment
processes can include chemical treatment using ozone, dry or wet scrubbers and adsorption filters. Biological treatment
of odour can be achieved using peat or compost beds.
Grinders, cutters and shredders. These are devices to break or cut up solids to such size that they can be returned to
the wastewater without danger of clogging pumps or piping or affecting subsequent treatment devices.
These consist of bars usually spaced three-quarter inches to six inches. Those most commonly used provide clear
openings of one to two inches. Although large screens are sometimes set vertically, screens are usually set at an angle
of 45 to 60 degrees with the vertical.