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    Chemistry of Asphalt Aggregate Interaction: AI Spring Meeting

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    anant11235
    The document discusses chemistry of asphalt aggregate interaction and stripping. It analyzes adhesion between asphalt and aggregates, what causes stripping, and ways to improve interaction. Stripping tests actually measure both surface interaction and hardness, as harder asphalts resist rutting and expansion during testing better. A combination of tests should evaluate both adhesion and mix properties.

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    Chemistry of Asphalt Aggregate Interaction: AI Spring Meeting

    Uploaded by

    anant11235
    54 views33 pages
    The document discusses chemistry of asphalt aggregate interaction and stripping. It analyzes adhesion between asphalt and aggregates, what causes stripping, and ways to improve interaction. Stripping tests actually measure both surface interaction and hardness, as harder asphalts resist rutting and expansion during testing better. A combination of tests should evaluate both adhesion and mix properties.

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    Chemistry_AA

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    The document discusses chemistry of asphalt aggregate interaction and stripping. It analyzes adhesion between asphalt and aggregates, what causes stripping, and ways to improve interaction. Stripping tests actually measure both surface interaction and hardness, as harder asphalts resist rutting and expansion during testing better. A combination of tests should evaluate both adhesion and mix properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views33 pages

    Chemistry of Asphalt Aggregate Interaction: AI Spring Meeting

    Uploaded by

    anant11235
    The document discusses chemistry of asphalt aggregate interaction and stripping. It analyzes adhesion between asphalt and aggregates, what causes stripping, and ways to improve interaction. Stripping tests actually measure both surface interaction and hardness, as harder asphalts resist rutting and expansion during testing better. A combination of tests should evaluate both adhesion and mix properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 33

    Chemistry of Asphalt Aggregate

    Interaction
    SL April 14, 2002
    AI Spring meeting
    Stripping in Asphalt pavements

    Stripping due to lack of


    chemical interaction
    between asphalt and
    aggregate/bonding
    (Adhesion)
    Scope
    • Analyze in chemical terms the
    – Nature of asphalt and aggregate interaction
    – What is stripping and reasons for stripping
    – Possible ways to correct the problem

    • Initiate discussion about what is being


    measured by the common stripping tests
    Adhesion and active adhesion

    Adhesion:
    "The process of forming chemical bond between the
    asphalt film and the aggregate surface"

    Active adhesion:
    "Coating and formation of chemical bond in the presence
    of water"
    Stripping

    A
    s
    p
    Aggregate h
    a
    l
    t

    "Stripping is the breaking of the bond between


    aggregate and asphalt by the action of water"
    Adhesion and Stripping
    • Definition indicate that it is a Surface
    phenomenon

    • The surface or interface is between asphalt


    and aggregate
    General Asphalt Composition

    Asphaltenes : polar condensed aromatics MW


    1000-100 000 ( 5-25%)
    Maltenes
    Resins : polar aromatics MW 500-50 000
    (15-30%)
    Aromatics: non-polar aromatics MW
    200-3000 (40-65%)
    Saturates: aliphatic hydrocarbons and alkyl
    substituted cyclics MW 200-5000 (5-20%)
    Presence of acidic organic
    compounds in Asphalt
    • Carboxylic acids (RCOOH) and anhydrides

    • Acid Value
    – 0 to 4 mg KOH/g

    H. Plancher et.al., Proceedings of AAPT volume 46 (1977), pp.151-175

    A. Seive, M.F. Morizur, B. G. Koenders, G. Durand, J.E. Poirier., Proceeding of


    AEMA (1999), pp. 256-263
    Possible presence of compounds related
    to naphthenic acids

    H (CH2)m OH

    O
    R
    n
    Chemical Nature of Road Aggregates
    Chemical Nature of Road Aggregates

    marble
    marble
    limestone
    limestone
    limestone
    basalt
    basalt
    basalt
    dolomite
    dolomite
    sandstone
    sandstone
    granite
    granite
    quartzite
    quartzite
    00 silica
    silica content
    content 100
    100
    00 silica
    silica content
    content 100
    100
    Basic
    Basic Acidic
    Acidic
    Basic
    Basic Acidic
    Acidic
    100 CaCO3content 0
    Evidence for acidic surfaces on
    siliceous aggregates
    CH2CH3 CH2CH3

    Si OH + N CH2CH3 Si O- +HN CH2CH3

    CH2CH3 CH2CH3

    Silica, Triethylamine compound


    Stable >900oF in Vacuum
    Titova et. al., Langmuir. 1987, 3, 960
    Aggregate and Asphalt Properties
    Surface Asphalt
    Aggregate
    Properties Properties
    Quartzite Acidic
    Basic
    Granite Acidic Ingredients
    Not usually present in
    Sandstone Acidic significant amounts

    Acidic
    Limestone Alkaline
    Ingredients
    Depending on the asphalt
    Asphalt Aggregate Interactions

    Acidic Siliceous Aggregate No Adhesion or Chemical


    Bonding

    Alkaline Aggregates such as Adhesion or bonding


    limestone depending on the type of
    asphalt (acidic organic
    compounds)

    •Aggregates with a high CaCO3 content will not pass polish test
    •Fines are siliceous material (sand) and the stripping in the fines is
    more of a problem.
    Interaction of alkaline aggregates and
    asphalt with acidic components
    CaC03 + 2RC00H Æ (RC00-)2 Ca + CO2 + H20

    CaC03 Æ CaO + CO2


    At high temp possible coating of quick lime on the
    surface

    CaO + 2RC00H Æ (RC00-)2 Ca + H20


    Possible coating of quicklime on the
    surface of a limestone

    Æ
    ~ 700 oC

    This is not possible in siliceous aggregates


    Stripping in asphalt pavements
    Coating without chemical bonding

    Moist Aggregate Dry Aggregate


    Stripping
    Static immersion test at 60°C
    Possible ways to improve
    Surface interaction (adhesion)

    A
    s
    p
    Aggregate h
    a
    l
    t
    Interaction of acidic aggregates and asphalt
    with alkaline amine components

    --SiOH + RNH2 Æ --SiO- RN+H3 + H20

    H
    N
    H

    Polar End Non-Polar Hydrocarbon Chain


    Group
    Asphalt aggregate interaction in the presence of suitable
    compounds in asphalt

    Coating with chemical Si OH+H2 N


    bonding
    Anti-Stripping
    Silicious Agent
    Aggregate

    Asphalt
    Chemical
    Bonding
    Aggregate

    - +
    Si O H3 N
    Asphalt Aggregate Interaction
    • All discussions about surface interactions

    • Stripping tests
    – What are we measuring?
    Stripping tests
    • Boiling Water - ASTM D3625
    • Static-Immersion - AASHTO T182
    or ASTM D1664
    Static immersion test at 60°C
    Other Tests
    • Modified Lottman - AASHTO T283
    or ASTM D4867
    • Georgia Wheel Rutting Device
    • Hamburg Wheel Rutting Device
    Typical Appearance

    Fail Pass
    Modified Lottman test results
    Additive + Gilsonite
    Additive Gilsonite Additive* St. psi St. psi
    TSR % Property
    Dry Wet
    Control 0 0 137 64 47

    Additive 0 1 119 92 77 SI
    Control with
    0.47 0 203 100 49 Harder asp
    Gilsonite
    Additive + SI +
    0.47 1 188 154 82
    Gilsonite Harder asp
    Additive + SI +
    0.24 1 153 131 85
    Gilsonite Harder asp
    SI +
    Lime 0 10* 151 112 74
    STIFF
    *1.0 by the weight of the asphalt
    Asphalt + Gilsonite = 4.7% (10% and 5% by the weight of asphalt)
    Lottman test and it’s variations

    • Surface Interaction (Adhesion and


    Stripping) + other parameters?
    • Other parameter – hardness?
    • Lottman type tests
    – Weakening of specimen during freeze-thaw
    Expansion caused by water becoming ice?
    – Harder asphalts and Mix can resist this
    expansion better
    Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test
    • Known that harder (high softening point)
    asphalts give better results
    – Polymer modified
    – Oxidized (air blown) asphalts

    • Surface interaction + rutting


    – Harder asphalts resist rutting better
    Important test methods for Hot-mix
    And Possible properties evaluated by various tests

    Test methods Observed properties

    Boil test, Surface interaction between


    Static immersion aggregate and asphalt
    Surface interaction
    Lottman type tests
    +
    And Wheel tracking
    Hardening effect of the
    tests asphalt and mix
    Summary
    1. Asphalt Aggregate interaction (Adhesion and Stripping)
    depends on the type of aggregate and asphalt
    composition

    2. There is a lack of interaction (Adhesion) in most mixes

    3. Adhesion and stripping is a surface phenomenon

    4. May be a combination of stripping tests should be used


    to evaluate both surface interactions and the mix
    properties?

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