SCIENCE (52)

BIOLOGY

SCIENCE Paper - 3
CLASS X
There will be one paper of two hours duration of 2. Plant Physiology
80 marks and Internal Assessment of practical work (i) Absorption by roots, imbibition, diffusion and
carrying 20 marks.
osmosis; osmotic pressure, root pressure;
The paper will be divided into two sections, Section turgidity and flaccidity; plasmolysis and
I (40 marks) and Section II (40 marks). deplasmolysis; the absorption of water and
Section I (compulsory) will contain short answer minerals; active and passive transport (in
questions on the entire syllabus. brief); The rise of water up to the xylem;
Section II will contain six questions. Candidates will be Forces responsible for ascent of sap.
required to answer any four of these six questions.
• Understanding of the processes related to
1. Basic Biology absorption of water by the roots.
(i) Cell Cycle and Cell Division. • Characteristics of roots, which make them
Cell cycle – Interphase (G 1 , S, G 2 ) and suitable for absorbing water.
Mitotic phase. • Structure of a single full-grown root hair.
Cell Division: • A general idea of Cohesive, Adhesive
• Mitosis and its stages. forces and transpirational pull.
• A basic understanding of Meiosis as a • Experiments to show the conduction of
reduction division (stages not required).
water through the xylem.
• A brief idea of homologous chromosomes
and crossing over leading to variations. (ii) Transpiration - process and significance.
• Significance and major differences Ganong’s potometer and its limitations. The
between mitotic and meiotic division. factors affecting rate of transpiration.
Experiments on transpiration. A brief idea of
(ii) Structure of chromosome. guttation and bleeding.
Basic structure of chromosome with
elementary understanding of terms such as • Concept of transpiration and its
chromatin, chromatid, gene structure of DNA importance to plants
and centromere. • Experiments related to transpiration:
(iii) Genetics: Mendel’s laws of inheritance and (a)Loss in weight of a potted plant or a
sex-linked inheritance of diseases. leafy shoot in a test tube as a result of
• The three laws of Mendel. transpiration.
• Monohybrid cross – phenotype and (b)Use of cobalt chloride paper to
genotype. demonstrate unequal rate of
• Dihybrid cross – Only phenotype. transpiration in a dorsiventral leaf.
• The following terms to be covered: gene, • Mechanism of stomatal transpiration on
allele, heterozygous, homozygous, the basis of potassium ion exchange
dominant, recessive, mutation, variation, theory.
phenotype, genotype.
• Sex determination in human beings. • Adaptations in plants to reduce
transpiration.
Sex linked inheritance of diseases to
include only X-linked like haemophilia and • A brief idea of guttation and bleeding.
colour blindness.

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 (iii) Photosynthesis: the process and its importance • A brief idea of blood coagulation.
to life in general; experiments to show the • Structure and working of the heart
necessity of light, carbon dioxide, along with names of the main blood
chlorophyll, formation of starch and release of vessels entering and leaving the heart,
oxygen; carbon cycle. the liver and the kidney.
. The process and significance of
• Concept of systole and diastole;
Photosynthesis.
concept of double circulation.
• The internal structure of chloroplast to be
explained to give an idea of the site of • Brief idea of pulse and blood pressure.
light and dark reactions. • Blood vessels: artery, vein and
• Opening and closing of stomata based on capillary to be explained with the help
potassium ion exchange theory. of diagrams to bring out the
relationship between their structure
• Overall balanced chemical equation to and function.
represent photosynthesis.
• Brief idea of the lymphatic organs:
• Introduction of the terms "photochemical"
spleen and tonsils.
for light phase and "biosynthetic" for dark
phases. • ABO blood group system, Rh factor.
• Light reaction - activation of chlorophyll • Significance of the hepatic portal
followed by photolysis of water, release of system.
O2, formation of ATP
(photophosphorylation) and NADPH. (ii) Excretory System: A brief introduction to
the excretory organs; parts of the urinary
• Dark reaction - only combination of system; structure and function of the
hydrogen released by NADP with CO 2 to kidneys; blood vessels associated with
form glucose. (detailed equations are not kidneys; structure and function of nephron
required).
• A brief idea of different excretory
• Adaptations in plants for photosynthesis. organs in the human body.
• Experiments with regard to the factors • External and internal structure of the
essential for photosynthesis; emphasis on kidney.
destarching and the steps involved in
starch test. • Parts of the urinary system along with
• A diagrammatic representation of the blood vessels entering and leaving
“carbon cycle”. the kidney; functions of various parts
of the urinary system (emphasis on
3. Human Anatomy and Physiology diagram with correct labelling). A
general idea of the structure of a
(i) Circulatory System: Blood and lymph, the kidney tubule/ nephron.
structure and working of the heart, blood
vessels, circulation of blood (only names of • A brief idea of ultra-filtration (emphasis
the main blood vessels entering and leaving on the diagram of malpighian capsule);
the heart, liver and kidney will be required). selective reabsorption and tubular
Lymphatic system. secretion in relation to the composition
of blood plasma and urine formed.
• Composition of blood (structure and
functions of RBC, WBC and platelets). (iii) Nervous system: Structure of Neuron; central,
autonomous and peripheral nervous system (in
• Brief idea of tissue fluid and lymph.
brief); brain and spinal cord; reflex action and
• Increase in efficiency of mammalian how it differs from voluntary action.
red blood cells due to absence of Sense organs – Eye: Structure, functions,
certain organelles; reasons for the
defects and corrective measures: Ear: Parts and
same.
functions of the ear.

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 • Parts of a neuron. • Effects of hypo secretion and hyper
• Various parts of the external structure of secretion of hormones.
the brain and its primary parts: Medulla • A brief idea of Feedback mechanism with
Oblongata, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, reference to TSH.
Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Pons; their (v) The Reproductive System: Organs,
functions. fertilisation functions of placenta in the
• Reference to the distribution of white and growth of the embryo Menstrual cycle.
gray matter in Brain and Spinal cord. • Functions of Male and Female
• Voluntary and involuntary actions – reproductive organs and male accessory
meaning with examples. glands. An idea of secondary sexual
• Diagrammatic explanation of the reflex characters.
arc, showing the pathway from receptor • Structure and functions of the various
to effector. parts of the sperm and egg.
• A brief idea of the peripheral and • Explanation of the terms: Fertilization,
autonomic nervous system in regulating implantation, placenta, gestation and
body activities. parturition.
• Differences between natural and acquired • A brief idea of the role of placenta in
reflex. nutrition, respiration and excretion of the
• External and Internal structure and embryo; its endocrinal function.
functions of the Eye and Ear and their • Functions of Foetal membranes and
various parts. amniotic fluid.
• A brief idea of stereoscopic vision, • Menstrual cycle, outline of menstrual
adaptation and accommodation of eye. cycle.
• Defects of the eye (myopia, hyperopia • Role of Sex hormones: Testosterone,
hypermetropia, presbyopia, astigmatism Oestrogen and Progesterone in
and cataract) and corrective measures reproduction.
(diagrams included for myopia and • Identical and fraternal twins: meaning and
hyperopia only) differences only.
• The course of perception of sound in • Methods of population control: Surgical
human ear. methods – Tubectomy and vasectomy.
• Role of ear in maintaining balance of the
body. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICAL
(iv) Endocrine System: General study of the WORK
following glands: Adrenal, Pancreas, Thyroid
and Pituitary. Endocrine and Exocrine The practical work is designed to test the ability of the
glands. candidates to make an accurate observation from
specimens of plants and animals.
• Differences between Endocrine and
Exocrine glands. PLANT LIFE
(i) Observation of permanent slides of stages of
• Exact location and shape of the
mitosis.
endocrine glands in the human body.
(ii) Experiments demonstrating:
• Hormones secreted by the following • Diffusion: using potassium permanganate in
glands: Pancreas: insulin and glucagon; water.
Thyroid: only thyroxin; Adrenal gland: • Osmosis: Thistle Funnel experiment and
Cortical hormones and adrenaline; potato osmoscope,
Pituitary: growth hormone, tropic • Absorption: using a small herbaceous plant.
hormones, ADH and oxytocin.
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(iii) Experiments on Transpiration: EVALUATION
• demonstration of the process using a Bell Jar. The practical work/project work are to be evaluated
• demonstration of unequal transpiration in a by the subject teacher and by an External Examiner.
dorsiventral leaf using cobalt chloride paper. (The External Examiner may be a teacher nominated
by the Head of the school, who could be from the
• demonstration of uptake of water and the rate faculty, but not teaching the subject in the relevant
of transpiration using Ganong’s potometer. section/class. For example, a teacher of Biology of
(iv) Experiments on Photosynthesis: Class VIII may be deputed to be an External Examiner
for Class X, Biology projects.)
• to show the necessity of light, carbon dioxide
and chlorophyll for photosynthesis. The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner will
• To show the release of O 2 during assess the practical work/project work independently.
photosynthesis using hydrilla / elodea. Award of marks (20 Marks)
ANIMAL LIFE Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner) 10 marks
(i) Identification of the structures of the urinary External Examiner 10 marks
system, heart and kidney (internal structure) and
brain (external view) through models and charts. The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to the
Council by the Head of the school.
(ii) The identification of different types of blood cells
under a microscope. The Head of the school will be responsible for the
(iii) Identification of the internal structure of the Ear online entry of marks on the Council’s CAREERS
and Eye (Through models and charts). portal by the due date.
(iv) Identification and location of selected endocrine
glands: Adrenal, Pancreas, Thyroid and Pituitary
glands with the help of a model or chart.

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 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE - GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES
Criteria Preparation Procedure/ Observation Inference/ Presentation
Testing Results
Grade I Follows instructions (written, Analyses problem Records Processes data without Presentation is accurate
(4 marks) oral, diagrammatic) with systematically. data/observations format. Recognises and and good. Appropriate
understanding; modifies if Recognises a number of without being given a comments upon sources of techniques are well
needed. Familiarity with and variables and attempts to format. Comments error. used.
safe use of apparatus, materials, control them to build a upon, recognises use Can deal with unexpected
techniques. logical plan of of instruments, degree results, suggesting
investigation. of accuracy. modifications.
Recording is
systematic.
Grade II Follows instructions to perform Specifies sequence of Makes relevant Processes data appropriately Presentation is
(3 marks) experiment with step-by-step operation; gives reasons observations. No as per a given format. Draws adequate. Appropriate
operations. Awareness of for any change in assistance is needed qualitative conclusions techniques are used.
safety. Familiarity with procedure. Can deal with for recording format consistent with required
apparatus, materials and two variables, controlling that is appropriate. results.
techniques. one.
Grade III Follows instructions to perform Develops simple Detailed instructions Processes data approximately Presentation is
(2 marks) a single operation at a time. experimental strategy. needed to record with a detailed format reasonable, but
Safety awareness. Familiarity Trial and error observations. Format provided. Draws disorganised in some
with apparatus & materials. modifications made to required to record observations qualitative places. Overwriting;
proceed with the results. conclusions as required. rough work is untidy.
experiment.
Grade IV Follows some instructions to Struggles through the Format required to Even when detailed format is Presentation is poor
(1 mark) perform a single practical experiment. Follows very record observations/ provided, struggles or makes and disorganised but
operation. Casual about safety. obvious experimental readings but tends to errors while processing data. follows an acceptable
Manages to use apparatus & strategy. make mistakes in Reaches conclusions with sequence. Rough work
materials. recording. help. missing or untidy.
Grade V Not able to follow instructions Cannot proceed with the Even when format is Cannot process results, nor Presentation
(0 marks) or proceed with practical work experiment without help given, recording is draw conclusions, even with unacceptable;
without full assistance. from time to time. faulty or irrelevant. considerable help. disorganised, untidy/
Unaware of safety. poor. Rough work
missing.