Area Navigation Federal Aviation

Administration
(RNAV) and Required
Navigation
Performance (RNP)

Program Overview

Presented to: CDA Workshop

By: Bruce Tarbert
RNAV and RNP Group

Date: January 19,2006

Roadmap for Performance-Based
Navigation
• The FAA published the Roadmap in
July 2003
• Collaborative effort among aviation
industry stakeholders
– Performance-Based Operations Aviation
Rulemaking Committee (PARC)
• Aligned with FAA Flight Plan, ATO
Business Plan, OEP, and RTCA
• Updating December 2005 to reflect
lessons learned

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January 19, 2006 Administration
 What is “Performance-Based
Navigation”?
• Aviation authorities specify the aircraft capabilities and
performance requirements necessary to operate in a
given airspace or use a given procedure (instead of
specifying required technologies or specific avionics)
– RNAV is achieved through a combined use of aircraft navigation
accuracy, route separation and/or air traffic control intervention (e.g.,
via radar monitoring, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), multi-
lateration, communications)
– RNP is RNAV operations with on-board navigation containment,
monitoring and alerting

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January 19, 2006 Administration
 Performance-Based Navigation
• More complex routes
Evolution • Point-to-point routes • Tighter performance
• Radar monitoring • No radar requirement
Conventional RNAV • 90% capable US fleet RNP • 30% capable US fleet
Routes
Narrow TERPS
Waypoints
Current Ground Seamless
NAVAIDs Vertical
Path

“curved”
paths

Limited
Increased Airspace Optimized
Design
Efficiency Use of Airspace
Flexibility

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January 19, 2006 Administration
Performance-Based Navigation
In All Phases of Flight
“Snapshot” of Current U.S. Implementations

RNAV
Q Routes, T Routes
RNAV STARs
RNAV
RNP SAAAR
SIDs
approaches
RNAV approaches

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January 19, 2006 Administration
Enabling Criteria, Guidance and Tools
• Part 75 Revision for RNAV routes
• AC 90-100
– US Terminal and En Route Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations
• Order 7470.1
– DME/DME Evaluation
• Order 8260.44A
– Civil Utilization Of Area Navigation (RNAV) Departure Procedures
• RNAV-PRO DME Screening Tool
• TARGETS development tool
• Order 8260.53
– United States Standard for Instrument Departures that use Radar Vectors to
Join RNAV Routes
• AIM Revisions for RNAV
• Charting Specifications for RNAV routes and procedures
• Notice 8000.302
– Stand-Alone Area Navigation (RNAV) Transition Procedures

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January 19, 2006 Administration
Enabling Criteria, Guidance and Tools
(Completed)
• AC 90-96A
– Approval of U.S. Operators and Aircraft to Operate Under Instrument
Flight Rules (IFR) in European Airspace Designated for Basic Area
Navigation (B-RNAV) and Precision Area Navigation (P-RNAV)
• AC 20-153
– Acceptance of Data Processes and Associated Navigation
Databases
• Notice 8000.300
– Required Navigation Performance (RNP) Airworthiness Approval,
Operational Approval, and Design Guidelines for Special Aircraft and
Aircrew Authorization Required (SAAAR) Approach Procedures
• Order 8260.52
– United States Standard for Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
Approach Procedure with Special Aircraft and Aircrew Authorization
Required (SAAAR)

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January 19, 2006 Administration
Enabling Criteria, Guidance and Tools
(Completed)
• US RNP SAAAR Criteria (FAA Order 8260.52) was
submitted to the ICAO OCP as a model for
international criteria for RNP approach procedures
– OCP accepted the order in total
• A drafting group will adapt the order to be consistent with PANS-
OPS
• Intent is to publish this criteria as a stand-alone document
supplementing PANS-OPS
– The end state objective is to have mature criteria for introduction into
PANS-OPS at OCP/15 in the fall of 2007
• AC 90-101
– Approval for RNP procedures with Special Aircraft and Aircrew
Authorization Required (SAAAR)

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January 19, 2006 Administration
FY2005 Highlights
• Published 6 RNP Special Aircraft and Aircrew
Authorization Required (SAAAR)
– 1 public RNP SAAAR
– 4 special RNP SAAARs
– 1 special RNP Parallel Approach Transition (RPAT)
• Published/Implemented 25 RNAV Routes
– 21 high altitude (Q-Routes)
– 4 low altitude (T-Routes)
• Implemented 58 Standard Terminal Arrivals
(STARs) and Standard Instrument Departures
(SIDs)
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January 19, 2006 Administration
RNAV Departure and Arrival Procedures
Examples of Near-term Implementation
Airport Date Procedure
Las Vegas Nov 2004 4 STARs and
(America West, 5 SIDs
Southwest)

Dulles Jan 2005 4 STARs

(United, Independence
Air)

Philadelphia March 2005 2 STARs

(US Airways)

Atlanta April 2005 4 STARs

(Delta)
13 SIDs
Dallas Fort September 16 SIDs
Worth 2005
(American)

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January 19, 2006 Administration
Atlanta RNAV Departure Before RNAV
Procedures
April 2005
• Approx 90% of 1350 daily IFR
departures are RNAV capable
• Structured “lanes” to en route
airspace
• Over 4,000 routine daily
pilot/controller voice transmissions After RNAV
eliminated (30% reduction)
• Delta Airlines estimates $30M
annual savings
– Decreased taxi times
– Decreased departure delays
– Improved flight profiles
– Reduced distances

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January 19, 2006 Administration
 RNP SAAAR Approach Criteria
Enabling Features
Narrow lateral linear segments
(RNP-0.3 or less with no secondary buffers)

Curved segments anywhere along the approach

Narrow
(Radius-to-fix legs with shorter leg lengths)
Segments

Guided, narrower turns on missed approaches

STEP 1: Apply para 2-2
(Radius-to-fix legs, and RNP-1 or less)
Segment
Terminating
Fix Tangent Points

2 RNP

2 RNP Performance-based Vertical Profiles

b (Vertical Error Budget vs. Barometric Vertical Nav)
a STEP 4
a=R
b=R+(2xRNP)
STEP 3 R c=R-(2xRNP)
c
Segment STEP 5
Initial
Fix R STEP 2:
Locate Turn Center

Tangent Points
2 RNP
2 RNP

Curved Segments Vertical Profiles & Missed Approach

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January 19, 2006 Administration
RNP SAAAR Approach Applications and
Priorities
Analysis of Top 100+ Airports

Airports Characteristics
Tier 1 • Near-term capacity needs,
with national impact
• Safety enhancement
applications
Tier 2 • Regional capacity impact
• Access & safety
enhancements
Tier 3 • Single runway access and
safety enhancement
• Future airspace de-
confliction

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January 19, 2006 Administration
Palm Springs RNP Approach
January 2005
• Avoids non-precision approach
into a valley with mountainous
terrain
• Safety enhancement, with
guided, stabilized 3D path to
runway
• Reduced time & distance
(approximately 30 miles)
• Reduced minima, averting
cancellations & diversions

– 20 flights “saved” in first few weeks

of implementation
– A SAVE is a flight that would have been
canceled or diverted if the RNP
procedure was not available

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January 19, 2006 Administration
International Harmonization and
Coordination
Switzerland
Netherlands

Airspace Issues
Environment
Standards & Criteria
China
Procedure Design
North
Implementation
ICAO Japan
American
Roadmap
Brazil

Australia
Coordination & Singapore
Harmonization

Seminars and Workshops

Standards & Criteria
Procedure Design
Implementation

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January 19, 2006 Administration
International
• Work with ICAO and EUROCONTROL on international standard for
RNAV and RNP
– ICAO RNP Study Group agreed to move forward single ICAO RNAV
standard (AC90-100, TGL10)
• Revise RNP Manual (Doc 9613)
• Support international harmonization
– North American Aviation Trilateral (NAAT)
• Signed Joint Strategy for Implementation of Performance-Based Navigation in
North America
– FAA, Transport Canada, DGAC Mexico, NAV CANADA, and SENEAM
– Departamento de Controle do Espaço Aéreo (DECEA) (Brazil)
– Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
– European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
– Japan Civil Aviation Bureau (JCAB)
– Civil Aviation Authority of China (CAAC)
– Caribbean/South American (CAR/SAM) Regional Planning and
Implementation Group (GREPECAS)

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January 19, 2006 Administration
Flight Standards “Special” Approval
Process

• Waiting on slides from Les

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January 19, 2006 Administration