Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Rizvi College of Engineering

Off Carter Road, Rizvi Complex, Bandra (West), Mumbai-50

Synopsis Report on

IOT based Patient Monitoring System

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

by

Anand Raut
Janhavi Vaity
Pankaj Yadav
Ramprit Yadav

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Junaid Mandviwala

Assistant Professor

University of Mumbai
Year 2018-2019

I
 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Rizvi College of Engineering
Off Carter Road, Rizvi Complex, Bandra (West), Mumbai-50
University of Mumbai
Year 2018-2019

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that

1) Anand Vijayanand Raut

2) Janhavi Mahesh Vaity

3) Pankaj Ramesh Yadav

4) Ramprit Nandlal Yadav

of B.E. Electronics and Telecommunication have successfully submitted synopsis report on

‘ IOT based Patient Monitoring System ’ in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunication under the guidance of ‘Prof. Junaid
Mandviwala’ from Rizvi College of Engineering, Bandra (West), Mumbai in the year
2018-19

Prof. Junaid Mandviwala Prof. Rajan Deshmukh

Project Guide Head of Department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Dr.Varsha Shah

Principal

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 ABSTRACT

Monitoring your beloved ones becomes a difficult task in the modern day life. Keeping track
of the health status of the your patient at home is a difficult task. Specially old age patients
should be periodically monitored and their loved ones need to be informed about their health
status from time to time while at work. So we propose an innovative system that automated
this task with ease. Our system puts forward a smart patient health monitoring system that
uses Sensors to track patient health and uses internet to inform their loved ones in case of any
issues.

Our system uses temperature ,ECG & heartbeat rate sensing to keep track of patient health.
The sensors are connected to a microcontroller to track the status which is in turn interfaced
wifi connection in order to transmit alerts. If system detects any abrupt changes in patient
heartbeat rate, ECG & body temperature, the system automatically alerts the user about the
patients status over IOT and also shows details of heartbeat, ECG and temperature of patient
live over the internet. Thus IOT based patient health monitoring system effectively uses
internet to monitor patient health stats and save lives on time.

A micro-controller board is used for analyzing the inputs from the patient and any
abnormality felt by the patient causes the monitoring system to give an alarm. Also all the
process parameters within an interval selectable by the user are recorded online. This is very
useful for future analysis and review of patient’s health condition. For more versatile medical
applications, this project can be improvised, by incorporating blood pressure monitoring
systems, dental sensors and annunciation systems, thereby making it useful in hospitals as a
very efficient and dedicated patient care system.

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 CONTENTS

Chapter No. Topic Pg.

No.

Chapter 1 Introduction 05

Chapter 2 Problem Definition & Objective 06

Chapter 3 Literature Survey 07

Chapter 4 Related Theory & Methodology 08

Chapter 5 Major Expected Results 09

Chapter 6 Tool to be Used 11

Chapter 7 Conclusion 18

References 19

TABLE OF FIGURES

1. Block Diagram 05
2. Arduino Mega 2560 08
3. Wifi Module 09
4. Heartbeat Sensor 10
5. ECG Sensor 11
6. ECG Module 12
7. Temperature Sensor 13

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A Patient Health Monitoring System is an extension of a hospital medical system where a

patient’s vital body state can be monitored remotely. Traditionally the detection systems were
only found in hospitals and were characterized by huge and complex circuitry which required
high power consumption. Continuous advances in the semiconductor technology industry
have led to sensors and microcontrollers that are smaller in size, faster in operation, low in
power consumption and affordable in cost.

According to research, we found that approximately 2000 people died monthly due to the
only carelessness of their health. This is because they don‟t have time for themselves and
forget about their health management due to a heavy workload. The reason behind to make
this project is the growing world of technology and people forget their health checkup which
is needed to be done monthly or quarterly. As we all know that internet of things make our
life easier. So, we have decided to make an internet of things based healthcare project for
people who provide them all the personal information about their health on their mobile and
they can check their all historical health data.

The best part of this project is that it can be used by everyone and make our health
management easier than available systems. It provides a solution for measurement of body
parameters like ECG, Temperature, Moisture, and Heartbeat. It also detects the body
condition and location of the patients. This system also generates an alert when it required
that means at the time of any critical conditions and notifications about the medicines,
location change, conditions etc.

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 CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM DEFINITION & OBJECTIVE

Patient Health Monitoring can provide useful physiological information in the home. This
monitoring is useful for elderly or chronically ill patients who would like to avoid a long
hospital stay. Wireless sensors are used to collect and transmit signals of interest and a
processor is programmed to receive and automatically analyze the sensor signals. In this
project you are to choose appropriate sensors according to what you would like to detect and
design algorithms to realize your detection.

The objective of the project was to come up with a system that can monitor and provide
physiological information remotely in the home. The monitoring system would be useful for
elderly or chronically ill patients who would like to avoid a long costly hospital stay.
Wireless sensors would be used to collect and transmit signals of interest and a
microcontroller was programmed to receive and automatically analyze the sensor signals.
For the devices that require instant intervention by a specialist doctor it was important that
they be autonomous, non-invasive to the patient/users everyday life activities. In this way
they were to be easy to use, minimal in size and weight, consume less power for maximum
use on a single charge, and functional – able to withstand physical shock in the case of fall
detection.

In both cases for accurate physiological signal detection, the circuitry in the detection system
was crucial. To be able to accurately collect and manage the signal information Integrated
circuits and microprocessors were implemented. This was done to minimize the drift voltages
and any white noise that could be picked by the detection system.

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 CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE SURVEY

1.) Patient-Monitoring Systems , Reed M. Gardner & M. Michael Shabot , Year 2014

To meet the increasing demands for more acute and intensive care required by
patients with complex disorders, new organizational units—the ICUs—were
established in hospitals beginning in the 1950s. The earliest units were simply
postoperative recovery rooms used for prolonged stays after open-heart surgery.
Intensive-care units proliferated rapidly during the late 1960s and 1970s. The types of
units include burn, coronary, general surgery, open-heart surgery, pediatric, neonatal,
respiratory, and multipurpose medical-surgical units. Today there are an estimated
75,000 adult, pediatric, and neonatal intensive care beds in the United States.

2.) IoT-Based Health Monitoring System for Active and Assisted Living , Ahmed
Abdelgawad , School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University,
Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA , Year 2017.

The Internet of Things (IoT) platform offers a promising technology to achieve the
aforementioned healthcare services, and can further improve the medical service
systems [1]. IoT wearable platforms can be used to collect the needed information of
the user and its ambient environment and communicate such information wirelessly,
where it is processed or stored for tracking the history of the user [2]. Such a
connectivity with external devices and services will allow for taking preventive
measure (e.g., upon foreseeing an upcoming heart stroke) or providing immediate care
(e.g., when a user falls down and needs help). Recently, several IoT systems have
been developed for IoT healthcare and assisted living applications.

3.) IOT based health monitoring systems , Nayna Gupta & Sujata Pandey , Year 2012.

In this fast pace world, managing work and health simultaneously have become a
matter of concern for most of the people. Long waiting hours at the hospitals or
ambulatory patient monitoring are well known issues. The issues demands for a
health monitoring system which can monitor the daily routine health parameters and
heart rate monitoring seamlessly and can report the same to the concerned person
with the help of GSM module. With progressing in technology various monitoring
systems have come up and provided ease to the individuals. This paper portrays the
current research and development in the field of health. Different implemented
systems have been compared and evaluated to identify the concerned lacking areas
and what can be done in order to provide better throughput than the current scenario
systems.

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 CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY

MEASUREMENT OF RESPIRATORY RATE:

Thermister is used for the measurement of body temperature and respiratory temperature.
This thermister is a passive transducer and it’s resistance depends on the beat being applied
on it. We have arranged the sensor in the potential divider circuit. This sensor exhibits a large
change in resistance with a change in body temperature. The respiratory rate is determined by
holding the sensor near the nose. The temperature sensor part is attached to the patient whose
temperature has to be measured, which changes the values and thus the corresponding change
in the temperature is displayed on the monitor graphically. Also all temperature
measurements are updated in the patients database. Here in our project we use bead
temperature sensor.

HEART BEAT MONITOR:

The patient’s heart beat rate is monitored using photoelectric sensor which can sense the
patient’s pulse rate. This method of tracking the heart rate is more efficient than the
traditional method which derives the same from ecg graph.

ECG SENSOR

ECG SENSOR (piezoelectric sensor) is device that piezoelectric effect to measure pressure,
acceleration, strains or force by converting them to an electrical signal. Modes of operation
can be distinguished: transverse, longitudinal, and shear.

MEASUREMENT OF BODY TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35) series are precision integrated circuit temperature

sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)
temperature. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide
typical accuracies of +-1/4 degree Celsius at room temperature and +-3/4 degree Celsius over
a full -55 to +150 degree Celsius temperature range. Less to operates from 4 to 30 volt. Less
than 60uA current drain.

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

TEMPERATURE
WEBSITE
SENSOR

HEARTBEAT
ARDUINO
SENSOR
MEGA

ECG

SENSOR WIFI

MODULE

Fig .no. 1. Block Diagram

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 CHAPTER 5
MAJOR EXPECTED RESULTS

In IOT based Patient Health Monitoring System, major expected results are as follows

1) IOT Monitoring proves really helpful when we need to monitor & record and keep track of
changes in the health parameters of the patient over the period of time. So with the IOT
health monitoring, we can have the database of these changes in the health parameters.
Doctors can take the reference of these changes or the history of the patient while suggesting
the treatment or the medicines to the patient.
2) Patient health parameter data is stored over the cloud. So it is more beneficial than
maintaining the records on printed papers kept in the files. Or even the digital records which
are kept in a particular computer or laptop or memory device like pen- drive. Because there
are chances that these devices can get corrupt and data might be lost. Whereas, in case of
IOT, the cloud storage is more reliable and does have minimal chances of data loss.

3) Access to a centralized view of all patients on the HHM program, allowing clinicians to
tailor workflows, protocols and interventions, creating customized care plans according to a
patient’s condition and status.

ii) Easy analysis of results, empowering them to adjust treatment based on best-practice
guidelines and protocols.

iii) Alerts and reminders that trigger patient alerts which can be generated by forms created
by the clinician or from data obtained from the patient (i.e. high heartbeat rate alert).

iv) Sophisticated care coordination through better organization of multidisciplinary teams,

assignment of interventions and tasks, and the ability to view past, present and future
interventions.

v) Asset management, making it easy to manage devices – including location and to whom
they are assigned.

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 CHAPTER 6
TOOLS TO BE USED

1. Arduino Mega 2560

The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It
has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16
analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything
needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.The Arduino
Mega can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply.The
power source is selected automatically.External (non-USB) power can come either
from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by
plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a
battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.

The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less
than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be
unstable .If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage
the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The Mega2560 differs from all
preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead,
it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

The power pins are as follows:

● VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as
opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can
supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through
this pin.

● 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components
on the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator,or be supplied by
USB or another regulated 5V supply.

● 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50
mA.
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 Fig.no.2 Arduino Mega 2560

The Arduino Mega2560 can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come
either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by
plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can
be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate
on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may
supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage
regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.

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2. Wifi Module

ESP8266 is Wi-Fi enabled system on chip (SoC) module developed by Espressif system. It is
mostly used for development of IoT (Internet of Things) embedded applications.

ESP8266 comes with capabilities of

 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n, supporting WPA/WPA2),

 general-purpose input/output (16 GPIO),
 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) serial communication protocol,
 analog-to-digital conversion (10-bit ADC)
 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) serial communication protocol,
 I²S (Inter-IC Sound) interfaces with DMA(Direct Memory Access) (sharing pins with
GPIO),
 UART (on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be enabled on GPIO2), and
 pulse-width modulation (PWM).

Fig.no.3 Wifi Module

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3. Heartbeat Sensor

Heartbeat sensor provides a simple way to study the function of the heart which can be
measured based on the principle of psycho-physiological signal used as a stimulus for the
virtualreality system. The amount of the blood in the finger changes with respect to time. The
sensor shines a light lobe (a small very bright LED) through the ear and measures the light
that gets transmitted to the Light Dependent Resistor. The amplified signal gets inverted and
filtered, in the Circuit. In order to calculate the heart rate based on the blood flow to the
fingertip, a heartrate sensor is assembled with the help of LM358 OP-AMP for monitoring
the heartbeat pulses.

Heartbeat Sensor is an electronic device that is used to measure the heart rate i.e. speed of the
heartbeat. Monitoring body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure are the basic things
that we do in order to keep us healthy.

Fig.no.4 Heartbeat Sensor

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4. ECG
ECG records the electrical activity generated by heart muscle depolarizations, which
propagate in pulsating electrical waves towards the skin. Although the electricity amount is in
fact very small, it can be picked up reliably with ECG electrodes attached to the skin. The full
ECG setup comprises at least four electrodes which are placed on the chest or at the four
extremities according to standard nomenclature (RA = right arm; LA = left arm; RL = right
leg; LL = left leg). Of course, variations of this setup exist to allow more flexible and less
intrusive recordings, for example, by attaching the electrodes to the forearms and legs. ECG
electrodes are typically wet sensors, requiring the use of a conductive gel to increase
conductivity between skin and electrodes.

Fig.no. 5 EGC Sensor

This sensor is a cost-effective board used to measure the electrical activity of the heart. This
electrical activity can be charted as an ECG or Electrocardiogram and output as an analog
reading. ECGs can be extremely noisy, the AD8232 Single Lead Heart Rate Monitor acts as
an op amp to help obtain a clear signal from the PR and QT Intervals easily.

The AD8232 is an integrated signal conditioning block for ECG and other biopotential
measurement applications. It is designed to extract, amplify, and filter small biopotential
signals in the presence of noisy conditions, such as those created by motion or remote
electrode placement.The AD8232 module breaks out nine connections from the IC that you
can solder pins, wires, or other connectors to. SDN, LO+, LO-, OUTPUT, 3.3V, GND
provide essential pins for operating this monitor with an Arduino or other development board.
Also provided on this board are RA (Right Arm), LA (Left Arm), and RL (Right Leg) pins to

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attach and use your own custom sensors. Additionally, there is an LED indicator light that
will pulsate to the rhythm of a heart beat.

Features:

 Operating Voltage - 3.3V

 Analog Output
 Leads-Off Detection
 Shutdown Pin
 LED Indicator
 3.5mm Jack for Biomedical Pad Connection or Use 3 pin header

Fig.no.6 EGC Module

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5. Temperature Sensor.

LM35 is an integrated analog temperature sensor whose electrical output is proportional to

Degree Centigrade. LM35 Sensor does not require any external calibration or trimming to
provide typical accuracies. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise
inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.

Features of LM35 Temperature Sensor

 Calibrated directly in Degree Celsius (Centigrade)

 Linear at 10.0 mV/°C scale factor
 0.5°C accuracy guarantee-able (at a25°C)
 Rated for full -55°C to a 150°C range
 Suitable for remote applications
 Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
 Operates from 4 to 30 volts
 Less than 60 mA current drain
 Low self-heating, 0.08°C instill air
 Non-linearity only 0.25°C typical
 Low impedance output, 0.1Ωfor 1 mA load

Fig.no.7 Temperature Sensor

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 CONCLUSION

With the development in the integrated circuit industry, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
(MEMs) and microcontrollers have become affordable, have increased processing speeds,
miniaturized and power efficient. This has led to increased development of embedded
systems that the healthcare specialists are adopting. These embedded systems have also been
adopted in the Smartphone technology. And with increased internet penetration in most
developing countries through mobile phones, and with use of Internet of things (IoT) will
become adopted at a faster rate.

The Patient Health Care system utilizes these concepts to come up with a system for better
quality of life for people in society. From an engineering perspective, the project has seen
concepts acquired through the computer science and embedded study period being practically
applied. The Electric circuit analysis knowledge was used during design and fabrication of
the individual modules. Electromagnetic fields analysis used in the wireless transmission
between microcontrollers and Software programming used during programming of the
microcontrollers to come up with a final finished circuit system.

The whole health monitoring system, which we have proposed can be integrated into a small
compact unit as small as a cell phone or a wrist watch. This will help the patients to easily
carry this device with them wherever they go. The VLSI technologies will greatly come
handy in this regard.

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