V8 engine

A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder piston engine in which the

cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V
configuration.[1]

The first known working V8 engine was produced by the French

company Antoinette in 1904 for use in aircraft, and the 1914–1935
Cadillac L-Head engine is considered the first automotive V8 engine
to be produced in significant quantities. The popularity of V8
engines in cars was greatly increased following the 1932
introduction of the Ford Flathead V8.

Chevrolet small-block engine,

manufactured from 1954-2003
Contents
Design
V-angle
Crankshaft configuration
Cross-plane crankshaft
Flat-plane crankshaft
Origins
Usage in automobiles
Australia
China Installed AMC V8 engine,
Czech Republic manufactured from 1956-1991
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
Korea
Sweden
Soviet Union
United Kingdom
United States
Motorsport
Usage in airplanes
Usage in marine vessels
Usage in motorcycles
See also
References
Design

V-angle

The majority of V8 engines use a V-angle (the angle between the

two banks of cylinders) of 90 degrees. This angle results in good
engine balance which results in low vibrations, however the
downside is a larger width than V8 engines which use a smaller V-
angle.

V8 engines with a 60 degree V-angle were used in the 1996-1999

Ford Taurus SHO, the 2005-2011 Volvo XC90, and the 2006-2009
Volvo S80. The Ford engine used a 60 degree V-angle because it was
based on a V6 engine with a 60 degree V-angle. Both the Ford and
Volvo engines were used in transverse engine chassis which were
designed for a front-wheel drive layout (with on-demand all-wheel
drive system in the case of the Volvos). To reduce the vibrations
caused by the unbalanced 60 degree V-angle, the Volvo engines used
a balance shaft and offset split crankpins.[2] The Rolls-Royce
Meteorite tank engine also used a 60 degree V-angle, since it was
derived from the 60 degree Rolls-Royce Merlin V12 engine.[3] 1917 Liberty L-8— an aircraft engine
with a V-angle of 45°
Other V-angles have been used occasionally. The Lancia Trikappa,
Lancia Dilambda, and Lancia Astura, produced from 1922-1939,
used narrow angle V8 engines (based on the Lancia V4 engine) with
V-angles of 14—24 degrees.[4] The 1932 Miller four-wheel drive racing cars used a V8 engine with a V-
angle of 45 degrees.[5] The 8-cylinder versions of the 1945-1966 EMD 567 diesel locomotive engine also
used a V-angle of 45 degrees.

Crankshaft configuration

Cross-plane crankshaft

Most V8 engines fitted to road cars use a cross-plane crankshaft, since this configuration has less vibrations
due to the perfect primary balance and secondary balance.[6] The cross-plane crankshaft has the four crank
pins (numbered from the front) at angles of 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees, which results in a cross shape for
the crankshaft when it is viewed from one end.

The iconic rumbling exhaust sound produced by a typical cross-plane V8 engine is partly due to the uneven
firing order within each of the two banks of four cylinders. A typical firing order of L-R-L-L-R-L-R-R (or
R-L-R-R-L-R-L-L) results in uneven intake and exhaust pulse spacing for each bank. When separate
exhaust systems are used for each bank of cylinders, this uneven pulsing results in the rumbling sound that
is typically associated with V8 engines. However, racing engines seek to avoid these uneven exhaust
pressure pulses, in order to maximise the power output. In order to link the exhaust systems from each bank
(to provide even exhaust gas pulses), 1960s cross-plane V8 racing engines have either used long primary
exhaust pipes (such as the Ford GT40 endurance racing car) or located the exhaust ports on the inside of the
V-angle (such as the Lotus 38 IndyCar).

Flat-plane crankshaft
On the other hand, a flat-plane crankshaft is used by many V8 engines fitted to racing cars.[7]

This configuration provides two benefits. Mechanically, the crankshaft can be machined from a flat billet,
and does not require counterweights so it is lighter. However it produces more vibration due to a secondary
imbalance.

From the gas dynamics aspect, the flat-plane crankshaft allows for even exhaust gas pulsing to be achieved
with a simple exhaust system.[8] The design was popularized in motor racing by the 1961-1965 Coventry
Climax FWMV Formula One engine, and the 1967-1985 Cosworth DFV engine was highly successful in
Formula One.[9] Several production sports cars have used flat-plane V8 engines, such as every Ferrari V8
model (from the 1973 Ferrari 308 GT4 to the 2019-present Ferrari F8 Tributo), the Lotus Esprit V8, the
Porsche 918 Spyder, and the McLaren MP4-12C.

Most early V8 road car engines also used a flat-plane crankshaft, since this was simpler to design and build
than a cross-plane crankshaft. Early flat-plane V8 engines included the 1910 De Dion-Bouton engine, the
1915 Peerless engine, and the 1915 Cadillac engine.

Origins
The first known V8 engine was the Antoinette engine, designed by
Léon Levavasseur, which was first built in 1904.[10] The Antoinette
was built in France for use in speedboat racing and airplanes.[11] A
1905 version of the Antoinette engine produced 50 hp (37 kW) with
86 kg (190 lb) of weight (including cooling water), resulting in a
power-to-weight ratio that was not surpassed for 25 years.[12] Also
in 1904, V8 engines began small-scale production by Renault and
Buchet for use in airplanes and racing cars.
1909 Antoinette VII aircraft
In 1905, the first V8 engine used in a road-going car was the Rolls-
Royce V-8 built in the United Kingdom. This model was initially
produced with a 3.5 L (214 cu in) V8 engine, however only three cars were produced before Rolls-Royce
reverted to using straight-six engines.[13][11] In 1907, the Hewitt Touring Car became the first car built in the
United States with a V8 engine.[14] The 1910 De Dion-Bouton— built in France— is considered to be the
first V8 engine produced in significant quantities.[15][16]

The 1914 Cadillac L-head V8 engine is considered to be the first mass-production V8 engine.[11][17] This
engine was built in the United States and was greatly assisted by Cadillac's pioneering use of electric starter
motors.

Early airplanes continued to use V8 engines, such as the 1915 Hispano-Suiza 8 SOHC engine designed in
Switzerland. This engine was used by American, French, and British military aircraft in World War One. It
is estimated that approximately half of all Allied aircraft were powered by the Hispano-Suiza 8 engine.
 Vulcan automobile engine 1914-1918 Hispano-Suiza
(circa 1919) 8A airplane engine

Usage in automobiles
The V8 engine with a cross-plane crankshaft is a common configuration for large automobile engines. The
displacement of modern V8 engines is typically between 3.5 to 6.0 L (214 to 366 cu in), though larger and
smaller examples have been produced, such as the 8.2 L (500 cu in) V8 engine used in the 1971-1978
Cadillac Eldorado.

Due to its large external dimensions, V8 engines are typically used in cars which use a longitudinal engine
layout and rear-wheel drive (or all-wheel drive). However, V8 engines have also occasionally been used in
transverse engine front-wheel drive vehicles, sometimes using closer cylinder bore spacings and narrower
cylinder bank angles to reduce their space requirements.[18]

Australia

The first Australian designed car to use a V8 engine was the 1965
Chrysler Valiant (AP6), which was available with an American-built
4.5 L (273 cu in) Chrysler engine. The first locally designed V8 Ford
was the 1966 Ford Falcon (XR) and the first V8 Holden was the
1968 Holden HK, both using engines supplied by their parent
companies in the United States.

The first V8 engine to be mass produced in Australia was the 1969-

2000 Holden V8 engine. This cast-iron overhead valve engine used a
V-angle of 90 degrees and was built in displacements of 4.1 L 1991-1994 Holden V8 engine
(253 cu in) and 5.0 L (308 cu in), the latter being de-stroked to 5.0 L
(304 cu in) in 1985. The Holden V8 engine was used in various
models including the Kingswood, Monaro, Torana, Commodore, and
Statesman. Versions tuned for higher performance were sold by
Holden Dealer Team and Holden Special Vehicles, including
versions stroked to up to 5.7 L (350 cu in). The Holden V8 engine
was also used in touring car racing and formed the basis of the
Repco-Holden engined used in Formula 5000 racing. In 1999, the
Holden V8 engine began to be replaced by the imported General
Motors LS1 V8 engine. 2011 Ford Modular V8 ("Boss")
engine
In 1971, Ford Australia began local production of the Ford 'Cleveland' V8, an overhead valve cast-iron
engine. The engine was produced in displacements of 4.9 L (302 cu in) and 5.8 L (351 cu in) for use in the
Australian Ford Falcon and Ford Fairlane models. It was also used in several low-volume DeTomaso sports
cars and luxury sedans built in Italy. Australian production ceased in 1982, when Ford Australia temporarily
ceased production of V8 cars. From 1991-2016, the Ford Falcon was available with the imported Ford
Windsor, Ford Barra or Ford Modular V8 engines; the latter were marketed as "Boss" and locally assembled
from a mix of imported and local parts.

A 4.4 L (269 cu in) version of the Rover V8 engine was produced in Australia for the ill-fated 1973-1975
Leyland P76 sedan. The engine was an overhead valve design and the only all-aluminium engine produced
in Australia.

China

The 1958-1965 Hongqi CA72 was a luxury car, of which approximately 200 were built for government
officials.[19][20] It was powered by a 5.6 L (340 cu in) Chrysler LA engine and built on the chassis of a
1950s Chrysler Imperial.[21]

Czech Republic

The 1934-1938 Tatra 77 rear-engined sedan was initially powered by

3.0 L (183 cu in) petrol V8 which was air-cooled and used an
overhead camshaft which operated the valves using a 'walking beam'
rocker arrangement. This model line continued until 1999, when the
Tatra 700 ended production.

Tatra also produced diesel V8 truck engines from the 1939 Tatra 81
to the present day Tatra 815.

1956-1962 Tatra T603 engine

France

French manufacturers were pioneering in their use of V8 engines in the early 1900s with the 1904
Antoinette aircraft engine (the first known V8 engine) and the 1910 De Dion-Bouton. However, there were
few French automotive V8 engines in the following decades, with manufacturers such as Delage, Delahaye,
Talbot-Lago, Bugatti, and Hotchkiss instead using six-cylinder or straight-eight engines.

From 1935-1954, Matford (Ford's French subsidiary, later renamed to 'Ford SAF') produced cars with V8
engines, closely based on contemporary American Ford models. Simca purchased the Ford SAF in 1954 and
continued to produce various models powered by the Ford Flathead V8 until 1969.[22]

After WW2, France imposed very steep tax horsepower charges - the owners of cars with engines above 2
litres were financially penalized, so France had a very small domestic market for larger engined cars, such as
the V8.[23] Despite this, Facel Vega produced luxury and sports cars powered by Chrysler V8 engines from
1954 to 1964.[23]

Germany
One of the first German V8 engines was the 1928-1945 Argus As 10
aircraft engine. This engine was air-cooled, used an 'inverted V'
design and was used in several training, reconnaissance and
communications airplanes.

From 1933-1940, the Horch 830 luxury cars were powered by V8

engines (sold alongside Horch's larger straight-eight engines).
Shortly after, the 1934-1937 Stoewer Greif V8 was powered by a
2.5 L (153 cu in) V8 engine.

BMW's first V8 engine was the 1954-1965 BMW OHV V8 engine, 2006-2015 Mercedes-Benz M156
a petrol engine with overhead valves and all-aluminium engine
construction. The company resumed production of V8 engines in
1992 with the BMW M60 aluminium double overhead camshaft
engine, and V8 engines have remained in production until the present day. The first turbocharged V8 engine
from BMW was the 2008-present BMW N63 engine.

Mercedes-Benz began production of the Mercedes-Benz M100 petrol V8 engine in 1963 and has continued
production of V8 engines to the present day. The M100 had a single overhead camshaft, a cast-iron block
and an aluminium head. Supercharging was first used on the Mercedes-Benz M113 engine in 2002 and
turbocharging was first used on the Mercedes-Benz M278 engine in 2010.

Porsche's first road car to use a V8 engine was the 1978 Porsche 928 coupe.

Audi's first road car to use a V8 engine was the 1988 Audi V8 luxury sedan.

Italy
Alfa Romeo

The first V8-engined Alfa Romeo road car was the 1967-1969 Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale mid-engined sports
car, of which 18 cars were produced. This was followed by the 1970-1977 Alfa Romeo Montreal front-
engined sports car. The engines for both cars are based on the 90-degree V8 engine from the Alfa Romeo
Tipo 33 racing car, and have double overhead camshafts and a dry sump. The 33 Stradale engine has a
displacement of 2.00 L (122 cu in) and a flat-plane crankshaft, while the Montreal uses an engine enlarged
to 2.6 L (160 cu in) and uses a cross-plane crankshaft.[24]

The 2007-2010 Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione / Spider sports cars are powered by a 4.7 L (290 cu in)
version of the Ferrari F136 engine with a cross-plane crankshaft.

Ferrari

Ferrari's first contact with V8 engines was the 1955 Lancia-Ferrari D50, a Formula One racing car that the
company acquired as part of its purchase of Lancia's Formula One racing department. The first Ferrari-
developed V8 engines were used in the 1962 Ferrari 248 SP and Ferrari 268 SP sports prototype racing cars,
designed by Carlo Chiti. This engine had a single overhead camshaft and was rear-mounted in the cars.

The company's first V8 road car was the 1973-1974 Dino 308 GT4 mid-engined sports car. The engine is a
90-degree all-aluminium V8 with double overhead camshafts.[25] In 1975, the 2.0 L (122 cu in) engine in
the Ferrari 208 GT4 became the smallest production V8 engine ever produced. The model lineage of mid-
engined V8 road cars continues to the 2019-present Ferrari F8 Tributo.
Five-valve-per-cylinder versions were used from 1994-2005 in the
Ferrari F355 and Ferrari 360. Turbocharging was introduced on the
1984-1987 Ferrari 288 GTO flagship car and the range of entry-level
mid-engined sports cars switched to turbocharging with the 2015
Ferrari 488.

The Formula One team resumed usage of V8 engines for the 2006-
2013 seasons, beginning with the Ferrari 248 F1.

Maserati
2004-2009 Ferrari F430 engine
The first Maserati V8 road car was the 1959-1965 Maserati 5000 GT
luxury coupe, of which only 34 cars were produced. The 5000 GT
used a 4.9 L (299 cu in) overhead camshaft engine derived from the
Maserati 450S racing car. Developments of this engine were used in
the 1963-1969 Maserati Quattroporte I luxury sedan, the 1967-1973
Maserati Ghibli, the 1971-1978 Maserati Bora 2-seat coupe, and
several other models.

The 1990-1996 Maserati Shamal 2+2 coupe introduced a 3.2 L

(195 cu in) turbocharged V8 engine based on the existing Maserati
Biturbo V6. This engine was later replaced by the naturally aspirated 1956-1958 Maserati 450S engine
4.2 L (256 cu in) Ferrari F136 V8 engine, beginning with the 2001
Maserati Coupé / Spyder.

Other Italian manufacturers

During the 1920s and 1930s, Lancia produced a line of range-topping luxury cars powered by V8 engines:
the 1922-1925 Lancia Trikappa, the 1928-1935 Lancia Dilambda, and the 1931-1939 Lancia Astura. The
engines ranged in displacement from 2.6–4.6 L (159–281 cu in) and used unusually narrow V-angles of 14
to 24 degrees with a single overhead camshaft. In the 1980's, an engine derived from Ferrari's V8 engine
was transverse mounted in the Lancia Thema 8.32.

The only Fiat car to use a V8 engine was the Fiat 8V, of which approximately 100 were produced from
1952-1954. The 2.0 L (122 cu in) pushrod engine used an all-aluminium construction and an unusual V-
angle of 70 degrees.[26] Fiat also began production of V8 diesel truck engines for the 1975 Des-8280,[27]
initially in naturally aspirated form before switching to turbocharging in the mid-1980s.

Lamborghini's V8 powered models are the 1972-1979 Lamborghini Urraco 2+2 coupe, 1976-1979
Lamborghini Silhouette 2-seat convertible, and 1981-1988 Lamborghini Jalpa 2-seat convertible. The 2018-
present Lamborghini Urus SUV uses a Volkswagen Group turbocharged V8 engine.

Japan

Japanese manufacturers have not been large producers of V8 engines for passenger cars, due to Japanese
government road tax regulations that impose higher charges for engines that exceed 2.0 L (122 cu in).
However several passenger cars have been produced with V8 engines to meet the needs of consumers, as
well as for use in motor racing.

Honda
Honda has never produced V8 engines for passenger vehicles. In the
late 1990s, the company resisted considerable pressure from its
American dealers for a V8 engine with American Honda reportedly
sending one dealer a shipment of "V8" vegetable juice to silence
them.[28] The only Honda car sold with a V8 engine was the 1993-
1998 Honda Crossroad SUV, which was a rebadged Land Rover
Discovery Series I fitted with the Rover V8 engine.

In motor racing, the Honda Indy V8 was produced for the 2003-2011
IndyCar racing series and was the control engine for the 2006-2011
seasons. The engine was a 3.0–3.5 L (183–214 cu in) all-aluminium
V8 with double overhead camshafts and a redline of 10,300 rpm 2008 Nissan VK50VE engine
redline. The 2006-2008 Honda Racing F1 Team used V8 engines, as
mandated by Formula One regulations.

Mitsubishi

From 1999-2000, Mitsubishi briefly sold the Mitsubishi 8A8 engine,

which was a 4.5 L (275 cu in) all-aluminium V8 engine with double
overhead camshafts and direct injection. The engine was fitted to the
Mitsubishi Proudia luxury sedan and Mitsubishi Dignity limousine,
however financial pressures forced the company to discontinue sales
of both these vehicles after only fifteen months.[29]

Nissan

The 1965-1989 Nissan Y engine is Nissan's first V8 engine, which

uses a pushrod design and had a displacement of 4.0 L (244 cu in). 1989 Toyota 1UZ-FE engine
Its main use was in the Nissan President limousine. The Y engine
was replaced by the 1989-2001 Nissan VH engine, which is an all-
aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and displacements of 4.1–4.5 L (250–275 cu in).
This was replaced by the Nissan VK engine in 2002, which remains in production to the present day. The
VK engine is an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and displacements of 4.5–5.6 L
(275–342 cu in).

Toyota

The first mass-produced Japanese V8 engine was the Toyota V engine, which was introduced in the 1964
Toyota Crown Eight luxury car. The Toyota V engine was an all-aluminium construction, used a pushrod
valvetrain and was produced until 1997. The Toyota UZ engine has double overhead camshafts and was
produced from 1989-2013, while the Toyota UR engine added direct injection and has been in production
since 2006.

From 2006-2009, the Toyota Racing Formula One team cars were powered by 2.4 L (146 cu in) naturally
aspirated engines, as mandated by the Formula One rules. These Toyota engines were also used by the
Williams, Midland, and Jordan teams.

Korea

Hyundai's first passenger car V8 engine was the 1999-2009 Hyundai Omega engine, which was based on the
Mitsubishi 8A8 engine (see above). The Omega engine was replaced by the Hyundai Tau engine, which is
an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and has been produced from 2008-present.
Sweden

Koenigsegg initially used twin-supercharged versions of the Ford Modular V8 engine in its 2002-2004
Koenigsegg CC8S and 2004-2006 Koenigsegg CCR. The company switched to its own twin-supercharged
engine for the 2006-2010 Koenigsegg CCX. A twin-turbocharged V8 engine was introduced in the 2011
Koenigsegg Agera and has been used on all models since.[30][31]

Soviet Union

The 1958-1967 ZIL-111 limousine was among the first Soviet cars
to be powered by a V8 engine. The engine was an all-aluminium
construction with a pushrod valvetrain. Production of ZIL
limousines powered by V8 engines continued until the ZIL-41047
was discontinued in 2002.

The 1959-1988 GAZ Chaika was powered by a 5.5 L (336 cu in) V8

engine with an all-aluminium construction and a pushrod valvetrain.
This engine was also used in several limited edition models for the 1992 GAZ-24-34 Volga engine
KGB.

United Kingdom
Aston Martin

The 1969-1972 Aston Martin DBS V8 coupe/convertible was Aston Martin's first V8 model. This engine
was an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts, and was used in several models up until
2000, when the Virage model was discontinued.

Production of V8-engined Aston Martin cars resumed in 2005 with a new generation of the Vantage,
powered by the Jaguar AJ-V8 naturally aspirated V8 engine.[32][33][34][35] Since 2016, Aston Martin has
switched to the Mercedes-Benz M177 turbocharged V8 engine, beginning with the DB11 model.[36][37]

McLaren

Every McLaren road car since the brand's 2010 relaunch has been powered by the McLaren M838T twin-
turbocharged V8 engine, which was introduced in the McLaren 12C (then called the 'MP4-12C') coupe. This
engine is an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and a flat-plane crankshaft.

Rolls-Royce

The first V8 engine to be produced in the United Kingdom was fitted to the 1905 Rolls-Royce V-8, of which
3 cars were produced. This engine used a side valve design, a V-angle of 90 degrees and had a displacement
of 3.5 L (214 cu in).

Mass-production of V8 engines began in 1959 with the release of the Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8
engine in the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud II, the Rolls-Royce Phantom IV, and the Bentley S2. This engine is
an all-aluminium construction with a pushrod valvetrain and a V-angle of 90 degrees. It has been produced
in displacements of 5.2–7.4 L (317–452 cu in), with a twin-turbocharged version introduced in 1985. The L-
series V8 engine remains in production in the Bentley Mulsanne luxury sedan.[38][39]

Rover
Rover began production of automotive V8 engines in 1967 with the
Rover V8 engine. This engine used the design and tooling of the
Buick V8 engine purchased from General Motors.[40] The Rover V8
is an all-aluminium construction with a pushrod valvetrain,
displacements of 4–5 L (215–305 cu in) and a V-angle of 90 degrees.
It was used in various automobiles by Rover, Land Rover, and MG.

Production continued until 2006, when it was largely replaced by the

Jaguar AJ-V8 engine.

Other U.K. manufacturers

The Daimler V8 engine was introduced in the 1959 Daimler SP250 Mid-2000s Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-
sports car and was produced until 1969. This engine has an iron series V8 engine
block, an alloy cylinder head, a pushrod drivetrain and was produced
in displacements of 2.5–4.5 L (153–275 cu in).

The Jaguar AJ-V8 engine— Jaguar's first V8 engine for road cars— has been in production since 1996. This
engine is an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts. It has been produced in both
naturally aspirated and supercharged configurations.

Land Rover and Range Rover have produced vehicles fitted with the Rover V8 naturally aspirated petrol
engine from 1970-2004, the Ford TDV8 turbocharged diesel engine from 2007-2012, the BMW M62
naturally aspirated petrol engine from 2002-2006, the Jaguar AJ-V8 from petrol engine (in both naturally
aspirated and supercharged configurations) from 2006-present and the Ford 4.4 Turbo Diesel engine from
2010-present.

The 1970-1977 Triumph V8 was used solely for the Triumph Stag coupe. This engine had a cast iron block,
an aluminium cylinder head, single overhead camshafts and a displacement of 3.0 L (183 cu in).

The 1996-2003 TVR Speed Eight engine was used in the Chimera road cars and the Tuscan Challenge
racing cars. This engine had an all-aluminium construction, single overhead camshafts, a flat-plane
crankshaft and an unusual V-angle of 75 degrees.

United States

The first automotive V8 engine to reach production was the 1914-1935 Cadillac L-Head engine introduced
in the Type 51.[41] The L-head had an alloy crankcase, a single iron casting for each cylinder block and
head, side valves, a flat-plane crankshaft and a displacement of 5.1 L (314 cu in).[42] An electric starter
motor was used, eliminating the large engines being difficult to start with hand-cranking. The Cadillac
engine was followed by a V8 model from Peerless (using an engine manufactured by an amusement park
manufacturer) in 1915.[43][44]

The first American V8 production engine with overhead valves (a 'pushrod' engine) was used by the 1917
Chevrolet Series D. This engine used a counterweighted crankshaft, a detachable crossflow cylinder head,
and had a displacement of 4.7 L (288 cu in).[45] Production of the Series D models ceased in 1918,
Chevrolet did not produce another V8 engine until 1955.

The 1924 Cadillac Type V-63 was powered by the first American V8 to use a cross-plane crankshaft, which
reduced vibrations.[46] A year later, Peerless also introduced a cross-plane crankshaft V8. Other
manufacturers producing V8 engines by the mid-1920s included Lincoln, Ferro, Northway (supplier to
Cadillac), Cole (Indianapolis and Mississippi), Perkins (Detroit), Murray, Vernon, and Yale.[47]
A significant development in providing V8 engines in more
affordable cars was the 1932-1954 Ford Flathead V8. The Flathead
V8 reduced production costs by using a monobloc (or "en block")
construction, where each cylinder bank is made from a single piece
of cast metal. The engine was fitted to the low cost Ford Model 18
car, offering superior performance to its competitors.[48]

Demand for larger cars increased in the years following World War
II and the wider bodies were well suited to the fitment of V8
1917-1918 Chevrolet Series D
engines. This led to many manufacturers introducing overhead valve
engine
V8 engines, such as the 1949-1964 Oldsmobile Rocket engine, the
1949-1962 Cadillac 331 engine, the 1951-1958 Chrysler Firepower
engine, the Studebaker's 1952 V8 engine, the 1953-1966 Buick
Nailhead engine, the 1954-2002 Chevrolet small-block engine, the
1954-1963 Lincoln Y-block V8 engine, the 1955-1981 Pontiac V8
engine, and the 1956-1967 AMC Rambler engine.[49][50]

Engine displacements grew in conjunction with the expanding size

of full-size cars through the 1950s to mid-1970s. This led to 'big
block' engines such as:
1952-1954 De Soto Fire Dome
7.0 L (428 cu in) Ford FE engine released in 1956 engine
6.0 L (368 cu in) Lincoln Y-block engine released in 1956
6.9 L (421 cu in) Pontiac Super Duty engine released in
1961
7.0 L (426 cu in) Chrysler Hemi engine released in 1965
7.4 L (454 cu in) Chevrolet big-block engine released in
1970.

The classification of 'big-block' or 'small-block' refers to the engine's

external dimensions and is not necessarily indicative of the actual
engine displacement. Engines with displacements between 6.0–
6.6 L (366–403 cu in) have been classified as both small-block and
big-block, depending on the particular manufacturer's range of
engines.[51] Big-block engines reached their zenith with the 8.2 L
(500 cu in) Cadillac 500 engine used in the 1970 Cadillac Eldorado
coupe. During the 1970s, due to the oil crises and the gradual
tightening of emission-standards, big-block V8s were affected and
as a result their use in passenger cars decreased as manufacturers 1965-1967 Ford 289 HiPo engine
began to phase them out for more efficient designs.

Prior to the late 1970s, sharing of engines across General Motors'

divisions was not commonplace. This enabled each division to have
its own unique engine character, but made for much duplication of
effort. The company has since implemented sharing of engines
across divisions, however some divisions (such as Cadillac) still
maintain some engines specific to their division. Ford and Chrysler
had fewer divisions, and favoured brand-specific shared designs. 2006 Chevrolet LS4 engine

In 2011 GM built its 100-millionth unit of the Chevrolet small-block

engine, making that engine family the most produced V8 engine in the world.[52]
American manufacturers continue to produce large displacement V8 engines, despite the strategy of
downsizing engines (often in conjunction with turbocharging) being adopted by many European and Asian
manufacturers.[53][54][55][56] These engines continued to use pushrod (overhead valve) valvetrains long after
most overseas engines had switched to dual overhead camshaft designs. Examples include the 6.4 L
(392 cu in) Chrysler Apache engine produced from 2011-present, the 7.3 L (445 cu in) Ford Godzilla engine
produced from 2020-present,[57][58][59][60] and the 6.6 L (401 cu in) Chevrolet L8T engine produced from
2020-present.[61][62][63][64][65]

Cadillac's Cadillac LTA engine codenamed "Blackwing" developed, hand built, and exclusively used by
Cadillac on its mid-range vehicles sporty sedans and coupes[66] employs a turbocharged 4.2 L (256 cu in)
configuration with double overhead camshaft valve train, marking the first time in the brand's 100-plus-year
history that a twin-turbo charged V8 unit is used.[67]

Motorsport

V8 engines have been used in many forms of motorsport, from

Formula One, IndyCar and NASCAR circuit racing, to Top Fuel
drag racing.

Formula One

Among the first V8 Formula One cars to compete were the 1952
AFM entry and the 1954 Lancia D50, with a development of the 1956 Lancia D50 Formula One
latter powering Juan Manuel Fangio's 1956 car to victory in the engine
driver's championship. The 1.5 L Formula One era of 1961–1965
included V8 engines from Ferrari, Coventry Climax, British Racing
Motors (BRM), and Automobili Turismo e Sport (ATS). The driver's
championships for the 1962, 1963, 1964, and 1965 seasons were
won by drivers of V8-powered cars. Also, from 1962 to 1965, the
top three manufacturers in each season's Constructor's
Championship all predominantly used V8 engines in their cars. In
1966, the engine capacity limits were increased to 3.0 litres (or 1.5
litres with a supercharger), and 1966-1967 Constructor's
Championships were won by cars powered by the Brabham-Repco
V8 engine.

From 1968 to 1981, the Cosworth DFV V8 engine dominated 2006 Renault RS26 Formula One
Formula One racing. During this time, the Manufacturers' engine
Championship was won by Cosworth DFV powered cars every
season except 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1979, which were won by 12-
cylinder Ferraris. After a very long period of dominance, the Cosworth DFV was eventually outpaced by
turbocharged straight-four and V6 engines.

The next period of significant V8 usage in Formula One was from 2006 to 2013, when the rules mandated
use of 2.4 L (146 cu in) naturally aspirated V8 engines (in order to reduce the power outputs being achieved
by the previous 3.0 litre V10 engines).[68] These were replaced by 1.6 litre turbocharged V6 engines for the
2014-present seasons.

NASCAR

American premier stock car racing NASCAR series has been dominated by V8 engines since the its
inaugural 1949 season.
Drag racing

In the American Top Fuel class of drag racing, V8 engines displacing 500 cu in (8 L) today produce outputs
of over 7,000 kW (10,000 hp).[69] and 10,000 N⋅m (7,400 lb⋅ft).[70][71][72] The engines used in Top Fuel and
Funny car drag racing are typically based on the aluminum-conversion Chrysler 426 Hemi engine and run
on highly explosive nitromethane fuel.[73]

Land speed record racing

The world's fastest non-jet-powered (i.e. piston-engine powered) wheeled land vehicle, the Speed Demon,
which achieved a speed of 462.345 mph in 2017, is powered by an V8 engine based on the Chevrolet small-
block engine design.[74][75][76][77][78]

1962 Coventry Climax FWMV 2004 Cosworth

Formula One engine XF Champ Car
engine

Usage in airplanes
Several early aircraft engines used a V8 configuration, such as the
French 1904 Antoinette engine and 1906 Buchet engines. During
World War One, V8 aircraft engines included the French Renault
8G, the Spanish Hispano-Suiza 8, the British Sunbeam Arab, and the
American Curtiss OX-5.

After this time, flat-eight engines became more commonplace than

V8 engines due to their lighter crankshafts and better suitability to
air cooling. One of the few remaining V8 airplane engines by World
War Two was the German Argus As 10 inverted V8, which was air-
Wolseley 120 hp aircraft engine,
cooled and used in several trainer as well as small utility aircraft.[79]
circa 1910

Usage in marine vessels

The V8 configuration is not commonly used in marine vessels, however several marine diesel V8 engines
have been produced by companies such as Brons, Scania, and Yanmar.
 Scania AB marine/truck engine

Usage in motorcycles
Motorcycles have rarely used V8 engines, with the few in existence being built for motor racing.

In 1907, Glen Curtiss set an unofficial world record of 136.36 mph (219.45 km/h) on a home-made 4.0 L
(244 cu in) motorcycle.[80] The Moto Guzzi V8 was a 499 cc (30.5 cu in) motorcycle used for Grand Prix
racing from 1955 to 1957.[81] The 1994 Morbidelli V8 was a 848 cc (51.7 cu in) concept motorcycle which
did not reach production.

See also
Flat-eight engine
Straight-eight engine
W8 engine

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