Variacion de Parametros

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, -{y

q) y'!,ly = \o e,
{ \x
\.,
\e -Le ; -zxl 9-\
-e J*-*\ xJ
2,Y

yt'- ty = 6-l z-) t' 1c,,4r;'r",'i ['= -t\ -1


L.
f -tl '"C ---> l.(, r-i'Y..ra;r'
/) - ?> , .rr'
r'
t o
= '"i = € . ..e.
X

-'l x
t
LI Y
"t-"'' -r.{
rti = lT
l- Jg, -t{x
*l
l-n = lla dx

E= ., e' + Qi-u =j
rrt
q[dx
2x -7X .!"d,r,

l3o[=o'e * Llze

2x
e
_2y ul -- t Ln\x\

r=€
'f'Lx $.= -7x o'^ ol 2x
'l
= u-v
a^ *2e \

LY
-
oax
!-I
I
I ^lxle\rQ \
Xz=
$,
Ze xl eixJ
S,vlir,..e:: f*1." r 'r) e'. =
o ?v
u")=
-q
L
-
_,.;',J.",4

-tf I

i ,". -^-2x,,\-
/1e ,r-. -l-c .r2 - LX
lL*rr
\ zy I al'f / !\ \v
e Le i\x'--e
lax _lx q tlY
r
,-2e (e
eJ. -ZXr
le e
- -4\1o
2x t
\
-?>.
ra
)
\x
rnl' -u dn. e
ir." -2( {x
dx rr: tl)'
- z€ tlx
-zi - _+
riilt
.
fl.f,
I ri rr.\,

-Uv*
"fo"'
a -ztil-2(r) -

-[ t Ixo ..u] \l
v{: -rt LL2 --
J* i*c

I to (-':-
J
y. + t^ixlJ* '1

tl = U'gl tl
I zxr r \ - ti^f
6
u_u
u -- c,J't cr., +,{e Lnlxl q/- t d\

z.r -ex
!--C,€ t Cae + + [J-' L.lx\ - i-'* '^*
_zy I

rD +3y' +L|= ne\


*
J I +cx -rrl
-1
\ -2e *ax /**l '
,,',:."'i2'l .n
J!
I +e,x
I

I
g. 'l.Iprl
-!/

-3x
-e-3X
\.1,
1' ?- =' O
r",-.'' + : t'':

r I )-;i x
frl!\1t'(1 e

rn *l=o rcrl1:6 1x e
h'\zt -Z cJu,
hr* -\
dx lr ex
-x -zx
L9= .,* * ce e It I e
x
,
,l: 1'!f-
"\,lr
jdrr,- ) t+",
ll - l-

^,t-c
lSul,
o'*-x + qre-2x ll
rt , {!J-
'"t
-x
rJ,.€ 9z=e
-zx r LL

ql-- -e
" _x
'1i'
- -?2<
- 2e LL, = Ln\o\
('cnct,.c..e,..r:: {-r-Yt-lI uL1€ 'trr'Ln\l+j\
t,g''f =O
)
J r -x ^-2x , -l--- ld*
-!:.

t-'tta - Le LLe= i+e'


CI

' -x -il*i I
-.Y.t' t \
-2x , '-e t ilr+ui
lte -x
j !
,l -
e l- -zxi -x\ -xr-z\ r'3 ''
.:!
'-+--.*- :
!' /
r*l i\,

\I= [-,
IlL._- ^-zrl
)?
=-.e*ie7te [e )
I
-e -e
I
?'.'
x
-?x -.i>: -
-l:
-1t. Jq
d,{, -" 'r.,_/ l{g'<f

-e dx-r*F-
rX
ie
ld*.=-ffi;- =*tg!-* + ,r;7 'exrcu(
.

tle= ffiau d,.=


LL: EX
$iy
rrz = ,;j uttld..
l+L =+l*#rff#*,-
!-' r^
u.=11J,.-l#61,"=e
^
Lr.,l,rl - u.
Lrz - In
1 r+Jf _e,

4= d**Ll.
JI
Je= dx b{r+dl + dz,(b I, *.* I -.')
-x -U
c,d^+c,e*+u.^
J = Lnlt +.^l +a'*[ lr+al-{
B) J"*43' lhy , so,J o -)Y
1
,\
_ p-?Y,,r.Jene
x -1p l
sene" ."1

*q" , 3 g'+ 13= o I -.3X


l.}-r= - 2v -e
t,r2+3mt2-.=o *.l
=
je<na'
(m+2\ (n" ')=c
r,=-l t{)t- -2 u, dx
-
xY
{{l'l (

rT, ---r -X -u l^xI LL. I


!
rir.*l:C,€
lg
+ cae i\
0r,' 1 a Cnt,e
iv --'- , : ( 7l
) ,{r1 C'r
l:.'l-x *?r
E_. \=
,.'. +- tle e san u d'L
(u -2x
u 2- ! l-Lt: -
'j, ='€ ..i {+cUtL
r -k r '2x x.
''lr: -C U
g- :' - Cre)' (,
'
X r *?.1 -X A
!\l ti-l2e 'e. \J :
I
\ =:O )
l -1 une/,
, -( +"!
/\ U.,r€-X - ZtJ"i. q*
I
) .?v
= $$(
Y
U'- >=:-;*
- !-,
!

x -.Zy
2r >:
e 2Il -x\ 'xL-24j 1,,
- -i,1:-
-
.
- e ,..-, !
\l''J .?Y ,-2c \C /ig'''- ,Jx
4!
r L\ -)' **
i\
;0'tz
--,! -1 P '
arr' r'- lia..eaL u. co.{'u &
?y
-3x _ ?v

\]= - 2e +e : -E_ V',rr'.-tL ;


.. -jlLz
ttr= t ,ot, ?d{ 'L<, ,:*do ,/
^Y I
e:L*---+.gll=O-i \ I t

u'= -jt
.."t at d*.$ t Ar=
*
u.= -
i/-t,*t + *,.i ;
tl:

.,-'
(z= tcs,{ -:€ni- *_
I . ,..r_"f

llz= eX c€oJ - 5en ex o " -: -'r.t

. { r *u{x x j\ij
jP=_@e (<-Y',j t e \ecae - *oe

J ? !l r .i !l -
- r- l-

-y _U -',*_J
rl: cr€ '^ 1 (zi* - -yx-?xx
+g t.Lq:e - e. Satr(
-X )w
l.r,t'+(zy"- d*seneY-//
I
'te
, -L
l$fr2g'+3="tL.,+ io rl
I
I

-\,3r +t\ \
-J.e 'le
r-i -'1- t

le 'ut t E Lh'J
3"+25t+3=o u) " _zt e
-at
e
nlz lZtt'ttl=o , -L! t
_
-
:te -Ln1 = _t Lnt
r

(rn+ r)(n'ti= o --at


fn1= Y02= -|
J,.,
Jr-t = -tLn{
c, e-' * t c' e dt
ffi- L^.t
u_= Su=t
,
r,e-{' t tLLz
-t fdo, =.,i t t^t r I rt
ou-: T dt
_q2
v= ?-
-I:,{' €

q,= e-t
t 3" tt-t
u : - t"{ t+) :-+ *'-d+
tr!'
,1,=-e' gr'=-fu-'+e-' u,. _ lp{, (5\ * zftat

S,..&crcrnr:: f ,..)e(t tit=o r,..-Lht (fl- i if)


t* 'l ' -*
J e '"l - t'te -{\
're ') -- e-tut r=- Lnt( t') -
f
f _t
le' O
, 1 .-' te-t i -*,/-;-+ner)1.r(td! il-e-+ e-{, ,l r

-Jtr'^{ t ,\
W=! -t -ti=e \-tc' ["Ll e l.e -n1)
\-e ,-t'
te'i e -t
e-'
_ _/f
i e.-r.
nL
r -{\
_ztr t
=.[e +t
t
-.eL"trI
_-_.-.:L}n\
-l f-'
aL

J,,,, , a
it
-='nL

.[dn. = fr.l.lt
rz-= tt"t-t
'Jp=-;tte t+fo-{
tZ -J-

+- ({l"t t)t.-t
g= !. +Ue
.
/
tCze
*{J
--:^*tl tr
4
.Z
'
{q J^1 | -!.
3=t,.t+ ' z u LnL 'r ,

e-L +tt<l Gte rZ -1


-te'
3=Qe{+ t.;t n *f'EtLnt - J- re e
9I
I
SL

//
n)si-ei +eg=Js..x : O *j*"x
,. v
I

\ 'e!:e_r e.l$*Sry!
, r. l

,i,u*)
'- - Jo,,
..
(lr ::t---;*"
: --- -
/ l' ,,
ta: -: r,'- ;q'* i:i= tc-
t"i --; ro *,- : o
Lx

'i(a
t + rl:.:- tt^"
-L - I
=,{ -i{,!x.{s**.^, ,{#)
)-tl
"-! ffi
'.Li' -S'if.nx
'- - fi+>*(Diri
il- , /ri---*
r\tr
:_:.), - 'r-: r
-.*V
dk
-..!
;
1' : 3------L_'_
l%,
\'LA_F
,r , I

Id,,, '*fi.-*
Z u-1 ,=+|Llrn *1
ha: 4lg Z :i! e'le:x
rt 1
Yn t z-- 4 .a{*) ) r,) .,
er*x=d:<ry (*""''
l:-l- -
.t (
=-.4--.-Z_
Z 14- -

€,
hr= lt i
a!:l 2r! I
= t *(**')=
i.a - q--!93f,;gi.i-
z : =
{8:'/ = U
.el'
142 l- i
tl -o€
Jt-
3c= \- I(c,*rx
f c' cetX tc2 5glv,l -r"
d*" I
.1

lt I /r
U = u'c,Ln + Jc2:*x !dn,. = a\dv
^ ,i

lE= *,J.":, o 4, Js.n,* ''te ' 3X

U, = dc.eox !z= C€,:nl 9r= tL [ao^iJ*"'* qkL -orLt X

cmx€^x J:'. erc*c{ + enx/


!,1-exsenr +

(Q!&g"* : ,r rr;J*.x t '"r2' dseox -- o


- J sr', I e,:e:x teLnx=
['-;d** u-7'
+
IY
) P r*v
W=lr-*- {*"', - J*^ iJ**'rds<r''r) - J*"'(ete/ -
1
dsenx)
J€ L{oY-e senx eCr":xle9rll
U
l.X .t 2f r, <- j{,'? i U-F-
*- J^,*r'r 'i'c.':x:l^> --@'e-'x 3=$.+gp
-d tk
:q2J&?iYi(u srnx
.. lih"i.&d
:.. r u = c,excelt azdi{i,,x + tL"]l*riqt's;'x
I EXe Senr/
/
.tv r s'Lytcecl:+
: qi' :r:'t., t :'e. Y

:d" (1)
?x
*(_
t?) ,{$"-g = x#(*); 9b)
=l , U'fo)=o
t(.h
\t t.t Xg
.i
u.,". q v
i

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iq'-$q..r
-
_'J
-\ r ,r*\-.x
7r
rn-;;=O
'Y
:e (, )-T
t,=VT
z.f-l* d'*,
-;_=
Y
u
dxt
!t
ft"=- Z lr fl
=jq
,.
a dr
y./, _r,
J0ur
txz
lE=c,." t C2€'' Yl.
'r'= {'7
*,
EN =
(lr e tJ.:,i€ t^, =f .,2

x/?
!).
-4
'l e ? x
'{l' l
X} lea O i
t- "- t' p
e
, '1

- lt Uz
x/z
x/^ x
!i, = L\- ilu^'
, lze
Xe
-q-l * z xe"1- -xe
-C \, tl
Yz,
Uz -Yt :n (,1,r': ---i -- I \
I i l.r. e:t I
l
Ut e 'c
'ry! Xt -t
XAll *
e-
r -yl'.r
-:,1 '- vp
i!
ltL, ie I ,d{
!,1 .
i1_
L -
dg. --x
- e* I.f
4 ( -x;
-t4
x/.lA dx -,r e,

e I -ZI-t) l'\rt
x/t x/"
-xl -
'-:( \!./ - t.* (Jt) f,r
- fx o -o",*
e Jd,te = 1- JX'

\'J= * I
tlz'-f xexix + Ee
I

Up= t" x/ztYlx


*_qX( + q(_ , tP
-Ye\l

!' 1r* ,'p I


-v
.r:c,J.,(re:, i *t.'o - f **t r- ql&e- l -.:- 7

h .{ -Y,
_Y-t, < c:( + E x'r '' _
X iaYz
-Uz
t Zc,e t
,,'-= t -.^x/z-Tee -+ DI z xt. x/z I
l(, X'e''z 1 IE
Y,iz
xe - {€
!<.)=t C'*c.=1 {i,,-Cr
3'a\ =+ o = *c, *' - *Ca f* *.Erp:r*" n +,.-',t" - r-ro
t( j ., - 3 {r - li= ;:=} *r, =}., -
+
o
EC, -11 ",')t{.o r.=c.-l
L2**r 2
*.,-, *t.,-{=o
.. | \ r -v r zr/z "* t *z
-l--rl.
Z ':z \{ - ti ' ? , x/2
t Te-"+ fix'e q e x
9=t c' e
/t
uxf**EH
,,tl-*,i . .n L "\
5t/5 _t,:j_'/f.'"_* ; 5(o)=|,gt")=o 'tna L/ !
a

ll
-
ar'-" - ".-v -tf(
.f.' . :' , .J\
;
- ':(
, -6r +? l--
_€y
:
, -:x
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t\
A,,. -.Qv ! .?y
Tf .7: r -Z(
f,til t ," -',v ' t -3x rr-. - i{ X

."v -!y - I I f -(r'.


J u r:li a j

tl ," -3X^ I
lr-: .ll
3\
tJr *{. t
* .*
'i.'.-5'Tle !Jx +-'6
u.. "
*,-1, -3 t ",xx jr-" -:&
. 2v -'Jx
J

'J., = 2e tl,' : -Ll € ,Il-,:-J-a-"**


I -(x -3x
-(Y e
A , f \
'*oncr;|, li,r ': IL,'e'*$(l.ii :J
{j ?Y ,7x
o ';':
( ii''je - !a're . f*- ".
,,t" -'lY
l€ c
I ?.r *.rr. r

"
:4c
: a -
-1x

-re
s!:I
,
t -f:i
-,J -,,-

- ,t
-lx -)e _- -l..Bu
rZY- r I
.f .,"
- -'1 P
ru - a
I i
.- E_*
.] \, iev
r,,t - * :-.C
dx
-?e- I ,?V

jJrr
i- _t2e
i4d,t ak i
Ec rl" Zl
I

Z re +
dv
t'u.-+ 9' ttiz'2Yx
r.-lI liiV
I:e€.t a dr + f .*r..1 ,e*
I rr._1-

2X Qa a)

I=C,e-^*Crd-'-l t{ e-?x*4e I -v"


-Uu a z-
{r. * -ty
, v *Lle-{r
'(z ,'u :'
:
I aX
2
:+ ' rtto: e3x
t
,i,',, .;tlv
,e \r _ J _-)"
e-
-t', zr,e^ +*
"-& 3_r u l '9r
9lt/ i ,--3X7-2X t Zxr-(x\ I 3';'-r,
-+ 3p=
:
-r -l_
ti?
ti e ot'l ,,
., r5(
'j = e ,"o I r t"
ie /-e e 1e
$(c)"1 (a. eo
+." * *e" ll^
,t5cre
)
: I
-2
-2xx I -.
ct+cz-**lr=t gl
l?-
I e
B e" '*;D,l
lI
1- .X
6! * ts e
c,+Q.-*- 4. --u l,=t-:.+* lr"€
I
. I

q e
-uc l*y
+ OP
glo).o -o 2{1eo * {eo{s ,
+; _ *"o - o
zc,_qc:. + * _+',
*, lr,-lle?.*6 =o ZS zx !!
e*zx ,ue,//
, I -k
,,.

ql <\
g= 7.-+ f .,,r_ d
Lit-cz.€) 1
-.{ce .{ ,t = o
L'l-lr-Lq-1, ilB * ,,
qC, i I
E.C
'lcz'({... -z-A- &
-t.PLZ - - I.g x ',.2-.1-'r rros ,-.," {<

t'---"---.'-....--
,.,:, -rr(S)* #= o
i ^ \ LtI !I
TT
J u?
L_*
- -.r
al
r
i

.l
zc,=G -* lf*l
.Zlr
x3 -2J." tn
Q=x
U
r h-l
q -- hox
rl , r tn-2
! = t"(rn-r) x

hz= Z hr=-l
-I 1_

3 =c, x

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