International Journal of Digital Information and Wireless Communications (IJDIWC) 9(1): 1-7

The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2019 ISSN: 2225-658X (Online); ISSN 2412-6551 (Print)

Refutation of Artificial Intelligence’ Myth

"Artificial Intelligence will ultimately replace human employees "
(Reality and Fiction)

Arwa Y. Aleryani
Information Technology College, Saba University
[email protected]

Abstract
Always with the technology’s developments appearance to find out the similarity between the
there are many myths going around between two cases. The results found that fiction was
people. The artificial intelligence (AI) is not covering the truth in this myth in many aspects as
excluded from that. The biggest myth is that has been happening in the past with computer
Artificial Intelligence will take the human’s job. In appearance. We presented some recommendations
this paper, we investigated many of the literature that should be taken to prepare the future for the
reviews and official reports to refute this myth and new technology. In the end, we discussed all these
find out the truth part and fiction. We compared facts and gave a clear view of the real role of the
the case in the past with the appearance of AI applications and systems in the human life.
computer and the nowadays case with the AI
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Myths, workplace.

1. INTRODUCTION
Technological developments have
2. RESEARCH AIM AND
significantly advanced since the 1990s with
METHODOLOGY
more weighty improvement in the way people
achieve different everyday jobs [1]. Moreover, The aim of this research is to refute the
all technological developments aim to offer Artificial Intelligence’ myth ’’ Artificial
help and support for humans. In addition, the Intelligence will replace itself with most
new information technology’ systems have employees’’. In order to achieve this goal, we
formed the way we are working and living. will search the articles and scientific reports
Newly, AI algorithms have involved close that have been written about this myth to find
attention of researchers and have been applied out what are the reasons behind it? What is
successfully to solve problems in engineering the real part of it? This research may clarify
and business [2]. Moreover, artificial the reality of the conception of AI and present
intelligence is the development of computer future requirements and skills to join the AI
systems that leads to perform tasks that always revolution smoothly.
need human intelligence. The concept of AI as
an area of science was closer to fiction.
However, the idea of AI is no longer a fiction 3. LITERATURE REVIEW
but a reality that has become part of our daily
life. On the other hand, because many myths First, we will list from literature review
have been spread among people, some people some of the AI myths, in general, to give a
have been against artificial intelligence view of the myths about AI. Then we will
applications and systems. One of the most study deeply our under study's myth. Pettey [3]
effected myths was that artificial intelligence listed some myths, which have been spread in
would replace itself with the most employees. the business sectors as follows: (1) an AI
The aim of this paper is to investigate this system can solve the business’ problems, (2)
myth to find truth and fiction. everyone wants an AI strategy, Artificial
Intelligence can be real, (3) AI technologies

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 International Journal of Digital Information and Wireless Communications (IJDIWC) 9(1): 1-7
The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2019 ISSN: 2225-658X (Online); ISSN 2412-6551 (Print)

can set their own goals, (4) AI has human almost certainly occur [5]. First, the companies
characteristics. Bentley [4] listed others myths choose to save money, so the idea of being
that created the fear of AI applications as able to replace a human with AI application
follows: (1) AI is self-modifying and will and robot that can work all the time with little
make itself super-intelligent, (2) with enough pay, no benefits, and often faster with fewer
resources (neurons/computers/memory) an AI errors is enticing is a great and valuable idea.
Second, Robots and AI applications can also
will be more intelligent than humans. From
be helpful as they can easily do jobs, which
these myths, we can be sure that people
they are repetitive, monotonous, or dangerous
exaggerate by predicting the possibility and and leave the interesting jobs to the humans.
ability of artificial intelligence (at least for the Furthermore, AI applications have a great
time being) and this helps to frighten the ability to support human in his critical tasks.
general public of these enormous possibilities. To continuing with the investigation of the
truth part of the myth, we will list some of the
AI myth: Artificial Intelligence will take out jobs, which have been taken away from the
most employees and replace itself with them human by AI applications or systems in some
developed countries. Wakefield listed some of
The myth ‘’Artificial Intelligence will take them [6].
out most employees and replace itself with  Taxi drivers: The service would be a
them‘’ has the most impact on human life. The whole lot cheaper if you were not
fear of losing the job makes it too difficult to paying for the drivers in the car with
accept the AI from humanlike. Before the self-driving car. This can apply for
discussing this myth, we should return to the the private driver’ job as well.
computer age when it started to appear in all
 Factory workers: In China, the first
the organizations and companies. The spread
robot-only factory is being built in
of the computers in businesses was starting
China's Dongguan factory city. The
with a huge fear of it by the employees
factory aims to reduce the current
because of the idea or myth that said the
workforce of 1,800 by 90%, according
employees would be replaced by the
to Chen Zingui, chair of the board. As
computers. However, the happenings proved
a result, most of the humans’ jobs will
that this was not completely true and people
be taken away.
always develop themselves for the new jobs
 Journalists: Companies such as
that are created by the new coming
Narrative Science offers software such
technology. With the spread of computers in
as Quill that is able to take data and
the past, many jobs were created due to the
turn it into understandable' reading.
existence of the computer, instance, ‘data
That means machines will do most of
entry’, which took the place of the old job
the tasks.
named ‘clerk’ that has been cut down.
 Doctors: The robots have for years
Moreover, many high-level jobs have been
been helping doctors perform trust, for
created, for example, programmers, designers,
example, robots assist doctors with
system maintenances, system builders, and
keyhole kidney surgery. The speed of
system analysts.
the robot is a crucial factor in the
The Truth’ Part of The Myth success of such operations. For the
moment, robot and man are working
The myth has not been created from together in medicine but that may not
imagination only; always there is a true part of always be the case in the future.
its creation. Let us start discussing the truth's  The helper in the natural disaster:
part of this myth. The threat that automation There are some jobs that people are
will eliminate a broad swath of jobs across the forced to perform despite their
world economy is now well established. As seriousness and difficulty, such as the
artificial intelligence (AI) systems become rescue operation during natural
ever more developed, another new jobs will

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The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2019 ISSN: 2225-658X (Online); ISSN 2412-6551 (Print)

disasters. The robot can perform them humanity to make smarter decisions. Kaasinen
with great simplicity and accuracy. [9] discussed the concept of machine learning,
that it is well suited for the analysis of large
masses of data and for supporting people in
data-based decision-making. In medicine, for
Facts of Myth From Official Reports example, AI allows examination of different
measurement data, and the machine can draw
The study of 46 countries and 800 connections between data. Therefore, AI can
occupations by the McKinsey Global Institute be used for such a purpose as forecasting the
found that up to one-fifth of the global development of a disease, when a patient’s
workforce will be affected in the developed data is compared to data on earlier patients. It
countries. Moreover, by 2025, up to a quarter is typical of machine learning that the result is
of jobs will be replaced by either AI software not exact, but it is a probability only. That is
or robots as Boston Consulting Group predicts, why a machine cannot give similar detailed
while a study from Oxford University has explanations for its conclusions as a human
predicted that 35% of existing UK jobs are expert can [9].
going to be automated in the next 20 years [6].
In addition, Frinault [7] said in creating 1,000 More Good Facts Of AI
jobs in Silicon Valley, many startups might be
destroying 10,000 jobs elsewhere. Frinault The good news is that, there are many
argued that many industries have failed to new jobs will also be created. Most of them
recognize the potential of the blue-collar look nothing like those that exist today.
workforce, opting for automated replacements. Furthermore, the variety of them will help the
different levels of skills, qualifications, and
Moreover, Automation has in the past, abilities to involve. As Bughin [8] indicates,
mainly replaced routine and physical activities, that it is impossible to imagine all of the jobs
while in the future automation is expected to that have been created through automation.
broaden in scope and take on intellectual tasks For example, creators and suppliers of
previously controlled by humans, In technology (e.g. engineers for the Internet of
additional, advances in automation have in the Things, robot designers, and software
past focused on individual industries, for developers), Enablers (e.g. data analysts and
example, robotics in manufacturing. The new creators of business insights), Utilizers (e.g.,
wave is expected to have an impact on many relating to big data and advanced analytics),
(if not all) sectors, reducing alternatives for other related jobs include specialized
workers without the appropriate skills [8]. legislators, legal experts, and accountants.

Moreover, Wilson and his co-authors

The Fiction's Part of The Myth [5] introduced in their research three new
categories of AI-driven business and
On the other side, there is a bright part technology jobs. They labeled them as trainers,
of the AI existence, is that the human remains explainers, and sustainers. Humans in these
the essence of business. Jobs requiring human roles will complement the tasks performed by
interaction such as doctors, lawyers, and cognitive technology, ensuring that the work
teachers will not be fully automated. of machines is both effective and responsible.
Moreover, specialized lower-wage jobs, such The first category is defined as trainers where
as gardening, plumbing, and care work, will they include a job as customer-language tone
also be less affected by automation. On the and meaning trainer, smart-machine
other hand, the new technology will yield new interaction modeler and worldview trainer. It
types of jobs, similar to the introduction of the still needs human workers to teach AI systems
computer in the 1980s, which led to how they should achieve and perform their
technology support work, and online business. tasks and to emerging rapidly. Moreover,
Bughin [8] argued that AI applications still trainers help natural-language processors and
need smart people to use it in the proper way, language translators make fewer errors. On the
so governments should set plans to retrain addition, they teach AI algorithms how to
their citizens [8]. Moreover, AI will enable simulate human behaviors.

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The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2019 ISSN: 2225-658X (Online); ISSN 2412-6551 (Print)

New Jobs Coming Along With AI Will Need

The second category of the new jobs is More Skills
the explainers. They include jobs as context
designer, transparency analyst, AI usefulness Artificial intelligence applications continue
strategist. It will bridge the gap between to advance and improve the quality of life
technologists and business leaders. Explainers across multiple industry settings. As a result,
will help to provide transparency, which is those with the skills to translate digital of
becoming all the more important as AI information into meaningful human
systems’ opacity increases. Many executives experiences will find a career in artificial
are nervous with the “black box” nature of
intelligence to be satisfying and rewarding.
sophisticated machine-learning algorithms,
Some of the qualifications and skills are
especially when the systems they power
recommend actions that go against their already required for the IT sector are various,
decisions and lead to unintended negative for example, math, including probability,
consequences, the forensic analyst would be statistics, calculus, logic, algebra, and
expected to conduct a “clarify” on the event to algorithms. In addition, networking or
understand the causes of that behavior, graphical modelling, neural nets, engineering,
allowing it to be corrected. The final category physics, and robotics. Moreover, computer
of new jobs is sustainers. It includes jobs as science, programming languages, and
automation ethicist, automation economist, cognitive science theory and coding. These
and machine relations manager. These jobs skills will enable the people to be involved in
will help ensure that AI systems are operating various jobs which have been appeared since
as designed and that accidental costs are the IT revolution, and increased with AI wave,
addressed with the appropriate urgency. Also,
for example, research scientists and
they evaluate the noneconomic impact of
smart machines, both the upside and downside, engineering consultants, software analysts and
evaluate the cost of poor machine developers, computer scientists and computer
performance, and promotes algorithms that engineers, algorithm specialists, mechanical
perform well to greater scale in the business engineers and maintenance technicians. In
and demotes the algorithms with poor addition, manufacturing and electrical
performance. engineers, medical health professionals
working with artificial applications. Also,
However, Jobs like trainers may not clinical technicians working with robotic tools,
need a college degree. People with a high hearing aids and vision restoration devices,
school education and who are essentially military and aviation electricians working with
adopted could be taught the necessary skills in flight simulators, drones, and armaments. All
an in-house training program. In fact, the
of them use artificial applications to seek help
effect of many of these new positions may be
in a great way. From these facts, we can
the come from a “no-collar” workforce that
slowly replaces traditional blue-collar jobs in understand that AI is not a new invent, but it is
manufacturing and other professions. On the the advanced development of the existing
other hand, a number of new jobs, like the technology.
ethics compliance manager, for example, are
likely to need advanced degrees and AI Is A Supporter Rather Than An
specialized skills. Therefore, just as Occupier
organizations must train their workers for
emerging no-collar roles, they must reimagine Although we can see AI occupies the
their human resources processes to better place in many jobs or in other words take the
attract, train, and retain highly educated large part of some jobs, it still offers many
professionals whose will be in very high help for human in many ways where human
demand. As with so many technology needs the help and support. There are many
transformations, the challenges are often more inventions of AI that still new and difficult to
human than technical [5]. believe rather use.
For example, the self-driving cars.
With self-driving, the number of accidents

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The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2019 ISSN: 2225-658X (Online); ISSN 2412-6551 (Print)

occurring has greatly reduced [10]. AI as the augment human capacity. He considers AI as
technology behind self-driving cars has the eyeglasses and hearing aids, AI will be
improved everyday life in several ways. In seen as an extension of the human experience
addition, GPS is another example of the and abilities. AI may be the biggest disruptor
benefits of AI in human lives. GPS is very the society has ever faced. Nevertheless, it is
useful in long drives and trips with almost no not just a disruptor; AI is also an accelerant
fault [12]. GPS is always a good partner for
with the potential to enrich human learning,
drivers. Another invention is the robots, which
discovery, and productivity personally and
are being invented to assist human in carrying
dangerous situations. Robots have taken over professionally.
positions that are hazardous to human beings There will be new opportunities and
[11]. Robots are doing the dangerous and chances created by the ‘’robotification’’ of
boring tasks out of the human. In the future,
tasks. So the human should be trained to meet
the robots will be in great support to the
human. Furthermore, the knowledge of AI is these prospects. Moreover, this will allow
well applied in the banking and financial people to focus on what they are good at -
institutions to manage and organize statistical building relationships and caring for
data accordingly. AI technology has reduced customers. The need for human empathy in
the number of errors and increasing the core professions like law enforcement,
chances of achieving accuracy. Moreover, AI nursing, caring, and complex decision-making
has significantly contributed to the field of are always needed [18]. In the future human
medical research and diagnosis of complex might wonder ‘how was life without AI help’?
neurological disorders [13]. Even in education
sector, rather than replace teachers, as the fear- 4. DISCUSSION AND RESULT
mongers claim, AI can help with the more
boring tasks, for example, handle record The myth that said ‘’artificial intelligence
keeping/grading and providing customized will occupy many of the jobs of humans and
tutoring, catered to each student’s needs. In leaves them jobless’’, has a truth part which
this case, teachers will spend more time in cannot be denied and at the same time there is
teaching. In addition, the role of AI in higher a large part contains the exaggeration. Like
education is to enhance human thinking and to many technological and non-technological
augment the educational process, not to reduce inventions, artificial intelligence is designed to
it to a set of procedures for content delivery, support human and does many hard and
control, and assessment [14]. In addition, AI dangerous jobs with much precision and
started to help lawyers in all agencies do more speed. In addition, the companies find the
than ever before. Some of the specialists have
artificial intelligence is the most appropriate
predicted that law firms are going to benefit
for them. However, artificial intelligence has
from artificial intelligence to handle the huge
amount of information [15]. created many jobs for generations that grow
with technology. The Jobs need to be tracked
Even though there is currently a lot of and run along with continuous development by
exaggerate surrounding AI, it is important to humans.
consider the many ways AI can improve the Before the spread of computer use in most
business so it should ride the disruption wave companies and organizations, the situation in
instead of drowning in it [16]. AI has been most of these institutions was very confusing.
around for decades. The science is not new. So Many paperwork was too much to write and
why all the noise now? Rudder [17] wrote that sometimes to rewrite and to archive. It was
despite the big changes AI will bring to the difficult to find a document as quickly as
enterprise and to individual jobs, much of required. The communication process was
these changes are not that hard. Moreover, like very poor and no one could be reached as
any tool, a big part of clarifying AI will be in quickly as possible. The computer came to
training people to understand what it can and reorganize the work to a great extent and took
cannot do. Moreover, Collins [16] agrees that out a lot of tedious routine work from the
artificial intelligence is a positive force to

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The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2019 ISSN: 2225-658X (Online); ISSN 2412-6551 (Print)

employee. With the widespread use of the

internet, support for the work environment has
increased to the extent that a person could not 5. CONCLUSION
have imagined. However, with this vast
amount of information flows and complexities, To sum up, there is a lot of exaggeration
current technology has become too weak to connected with this myth. It is partly true that
artificial intelligence will replace itself with
absorb all this. Studies and research have
most employees; however, AI could not work
sought to help humans cope with this huge without the human control and supervision. In
number of complications. The discoveries of addition, AI will bring many new jobs. The
artificial intelligence systems and applications case we have today, we had it in the past and it
came to support the human in the management will keep happening with every new
and follow-up of this huge amount of work. As technology in the future. This is the way the
an expected result, many of the jobs associated developments go, many jobs disappearing and
with the new technology are generated. These others appearing. Indeed, there are some jobs
new jobs come to manage, organize, maintain disappeared in their old style and appeared in a
and develop the new technology. Without new style. In this case, different skills are
them, no work could be achieved. Moreover, required to match the new requirements. The
no one can stop the technology developments, new skills are not difficult to gain, as it was
so the humans should start to educate the case was in the past, because the
technology now is becoming well known and
themselves regarding the new wave of the AI
the generation grew up with it. Therefore,
applications and systems. As have been listed some extra skills will help most of the young
in the report by McKinsey & Company [8] adult to join the AI global easily. The future
there are many steps must be done to prepare with AI applications will lead humanity to
the future for the AI applications, and it is the better life and support. Finally, we have
government' responsibility as well as the arrived that the myth is not true completely
individuals. For example: and the fiction has taken a large part of it. All
that we need is to drive the new generations'
 Continue to secure leadership in the attention to the new technology and AI skills
next generation of digital and the qualifications from an early age.
infrastructure and ensure that
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The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2019 ISSN: 2225-658X (Online); ISSN 2412-6551 (Print)

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