CHAPTER 6: Threaded Members

BOLTS
- Is a threaded fastener designed to pass through holes in the mating members and to be secured by tightening a nut
SCREWS
- Is a threaded fastener designed to be inserted through a hole in one member to be joined

Screw thread - is formed by cutting a continuous helical groove on a cylindrical surface.

Major diameter – is the largest diameter of an external or internal screw thread. The screw is specified by this
diameter. It is also known as outside or nominal diameter.
Minor diameter – is the smallest diameter of an external or internal screw thread. It is known as core
or root diameter.
Pitch diameter – is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder, on a cylindrical screw thread, the surface of which
would pass through the thread at such points as to make equal the width thread and the width of the spaces
between the threads. It is also called an effective diameter.
Pitch – is the distance from a point on one thread to the corresponding point on the next. This is measured in
an axial direction between corresponding points in the same axial plane.
Lead – is the distance between two corresponding points on the same helix. Lead is equal to the pitch
in case of single start thread, it is twice the pitch in double start, thrice the pitch in triple start and so on.
Crest – is the top surface of the thread.
Root – is the bottom surface created by the two adjacent flanks of the thread.
Depth of thread – is the perpendicular distance between the crest and root.
Flank – it the surface joining the crest and root.
Angle of thread – is the angle included by the flanks of the thread.
Slope – it is half the pitch of the thread.

COMMON TYPES OF BOLTS

Through bolt – a cylindrical bar with threads for the nut at one end and head at the other end.
Tap bolt – a bolt screwed into a tapped hole of one of the parts to be fastened without the nut.
Studs - a round bar threaded at both ends. One end of the stud is screwed into a tapped hole of the parts to be fastened, while the
other end receives a nut on it,
Cap screws - are similar to tap bolts except that they are of small size and a variety of shapes of heads are available.
Machine screws - are similar to cap screws with the head slotted for a screw driver. These are generally used with a nut.
Set screws – are used to prevent relative motion between two parts that tend to slide over one another.
Coupling bolt – is finished all over, usually having coarse threads.
Carriage bolt – is distinguished by a short potion of the shank underneath the head being square or finned or ribbed.
Stove bolt – is a cheap variety of bolt made in small sizes.
U-bolts – are in the form of U and are used as holding clamps, as on an automobile spring.
Plow bolts – are widely used on farm machinery.
Track bolts – are used in railway track construction.
Lag screw – is used to fasten machinery and equipment to a wooden base.

MEMD-413: Machine Design 1 1

FORMULAS IN BOLTS
INITIAL TORQUE (T) STRESS

FAIRES VALLANCE FAIRES VALLANCE

T =0.2 Fa D , as received Sw =C A r0.418
T =0.2 Fa D s y 0.5
Sd = A
T =0.15 F a D , lubricated 6 S C =10000, bronze
C =5000, carbon steel
C =1500, alloy steel

APPLIED LOAD (Fa) WORKING STRENGTH OF BOLT

FAIRES VALLANCE

s y 1.5 W =S T [ 0.55 d 2−0.25 d ]

F a= A S F a=C A r1.418
6
POWER SCREWS
- are used to move machine parts against resisting forces, for instance, in a screw-operated tensile-testing machine, jack, press, or lead
screw of a lathe.

FORMULAS IN POWER SCREWS

LEAD ANGLE (λ)
Lead angle – is the angle between a tangent to the pitch helix and a plane normal to the axis of
the screw.

λ=tan−1 ( π Dl ) m
LEAD (𝓵)
Lead – is the distance that a thread advances in one turn; it is the distance the nut moves along
the axis in one turn.

l= p, single threaded
l=2 p, double threaded
MEAN DIAMETER (Dm)
l=3 p, triple threaded
D m =D major −h

h=0.5 P, square thread

TOTAL TORQUE REQUIRED TO OPERATE THE SCREW ( TT )
T T =T R + T C
TORQUE REQUIRED TO RAISE THE SCREW ( TR )
TORQUE REQUIRED TO OVERCOME COLLAR FRICTION ( Tc )
VALUES OF Ф
W Dm cos Ф tan λ+ f
T R=
2 [
cos Ф−f tan λ ] SQUARE -
ACME –
0◦
14.5◦
T C=
f c W Dc
TRAPEZOIDAL - 15◦ 2
FOR SQUARE THREAD
MOD SQUARE - 5◦
W Dm BUTTRESS - 45◦
T R= tan ( λ+ β )
2 AMERICAN - 30◦
−1
Where: β=tan ( f )
TORQUE WITHOUT FRICTION ( To ) EFFICIENCY OF POWER SCREW

MEMD-413: Machine Design 1 2

 W Dm TO
T O= tan ( λ ) e=
2 TT

Problem Set (Threaded Members):

1. Compute the working strength of 1 in bolt screwed up tightly in packaged joint when the allowable
stress is 13000 psi.
2. If the pitch of a screw is 2/8 find the thread per inch.
3. What is the working strength of a 2 inches bolt which is screwed up tightly in a packed joint when
the allowable working stress is 12000 psi
4. An eyebolt is lifting a block weighing 350 lbs. The eyebolt is of SAE C1040 with S u= 67 ksi and Sy=
55 ksi, what is the stress area (in in2) of the bolt if it is under the unified coarse series thread?
5. Determine the permissible working stress of a UNC bolt that has a stress area of 0.606 in 2 if
material used is carbon steel.
6. The stress area of NC bolt is 0.763 in 2. If material used is carbon steel, determine the applied load
on the bolt.
7. A single threaded ACME trapezoidal metric thread has a pitch of 4 mm and a mean diameter of 18
mm. It is used as a translation screw in conjunction with a collar having an outside diameter of 37
mm and an inside diameter of 27 mm. The load is 400 kg and coefficient of friction is 0.3 for both
threads and collar. Find the total torque required.
8. A double square thread power screw has a mean radius of 80 mm and a pitch of 10 mm is use to
lift a load of 80 kN. If friction of screw is 0.13 and collar torque is 20% of input torque, determine
the input torque required.
9. A single square thread power screw is to raise 70 kN. The screw has a major diameter of 36 mm
and a pitch of 6 mm. Find the efficiency of the screw, if the coefficient of thread friction and collar
friction are 0.13 and 0.10 respectively and the collar mean diameter is 90 mm and the screw turns
at 60 rpm.

MEMD-413: Machine Design 1 3