CHAPTER 2: SHAFTING

SHAFT
- Is a rotating member that is used to transmit power from one
place to another. The power is delivered to the shaft by some
COMBINED STRESS
tangential force and the resultant torque (or twisting
moment) setup within the shaft permits the power to be COMBINED NORMAL STRESSES (AXIAL &
transferred to various machines linked up to the shaft. FLEXURAL)
S N =S A ± S F

COMBINED NORMAL & SHEAR/TORSIONAL

STRESS
MAXIMUM SHEARING STRESS

1
Ssmax = S 2 + 4 SS 2
2√ N
Axle – is a stationary member used for the transmission of
bending moment only.
Transmission shafts – transmit power between the source and
the absorbing power. MAXIMUM TENSILE/COMPRESSIVE STRESS
Machine shafts – a shaft which is an integral part of the
machine itself. The crank shaft is an example of machine SN
shaft. Smax = + S smax
LIneshaft, or mainshaft is one driven by a primemover. 2
Countershafts, jackshafts, or headshafts – are shafts
intermediate between a line shaft and a driven machine. COMBINED TORSIONAL & SHEARING STRESS
Spindles – are short shafts on machines is a short shaft that MAXIMUM SHEARING STRESS
imparts motion either to a cutting tool or to a work piece.
FORMULAS IN SHAFT 16 T e T e =√ M 2 +T 2
TORQUE OF SHAFT SSmax =
π D3
D
T =F· r=F · MAXIMUM AXIAL STRESS
2
16 T e T e =M + √ M 2 +T 2
PURE TORSIONAL STRESS FOR THE SHAFT Smax =
π D3
Shear stresses due to the transmission of torque.
COMBINED TORSION AND BENDING STRESS
Tc 16 T
SS = SS = (solid) MAXIMUM SHEARING STRESS
J π D3
16 T
SSMAX = 3 √
(k m M )2 +( k t T )2
16 T D
o
πD
PURE FLEXURAL STRESS SS = 4 4
π (D o −Ddue
Bending stresses (tensile or compressive) I ) to the forces MAXIMUM AXIAL STRESS
acting upon machine elementslike gears, pulleys etc. as well as 16 T
due to the weight of the shaft itself. S MAX = ¿ ¿]
π D3
Mc 32 M km – combined shock and endurance factor for bending
Sf = Sf = (solid)
I π D3 POWER TRANSMITTED OF SHAFTS

32 M D o P(kW ∨hp)=2 πTN

VARIABLE STRESSES
Sf = 4 4
π ( D o −D I )
TN
1 Sm Sa N – factor of safety
Sm – mean stress
P= , T(N-mm) , N(rpm) , P (kW)
= + 9549000
N SY Sn Sa – variable component
stress
Sy – yield stress TN
S max +S min Sn – endurance limit P= , T(lb-in) , N(rpm) , P (hp)
Sm = Smax – maximum stress 63025
2 Smin – minimum stress ANGULAR DEFORMATION
Smax −Smin MEMD-413: Machine Design 1 | 1
Sa =
2
 7. Compute the lineshaft diameter to transmit 25Hp at 300
TL rpm with torsional deflection of 0.08 degrees per foot
θ(rad)=
JG length. G=12000000 psi.
where: 8. Compute the polar section modulus of a solid shaft with
T = torque a diameter of 101.6 mm.
L = length of the shaft 9. A solid shaft of 76 mm diameter is to be replaced with a
hollow shaft of equal torsional strength. Considering
J = polar moment of inertia
that the outside diameter of the hollow shaft is 100 mm,
G = modulus of rigidity
compute the inside diameter and percentage weight
saved.
STRESS RELATIONSHIP
11. A shaft is subjected to a torque of 226 N-m amd
bending moment of 339 N-m. The allowable shearing
S ys =0.5 S y
stress is 41.4 MPa and the allowable tensile stress is
55 MPa. Find the diameter.
Sys – yield stress in shear; Sy – yield stress 12. A hollow shaft of 40 mm outer diameter and 25 mm
inner diameter is subjected to a twisting moment of 120
FORMULAS FOR POWER WHEN SPEED AND N-m, simultaneously, it is subjected to an axial thrust of
DIAMETER IS GIVEN 10 kN and a bending moment of 80 N-m. Calculate the
When speed (in rpm) and diameter (inches) are given, the maximum compressive and shear stresses.
power (hp) of main, line and short shaft can be computed. 13. If a hollow shaft is used having an inside diameter
equal to a 1.475-in solid shaft , what must be the
MAIN POWER TRANSMITTING SHAFT (SS=4000psi)
outside diameter of this shaft if the angular twist of the
hollow and solid shafts is to be equal?
14. Determine the power transmitted by 1 in short shaft
N D3
P= , D(in) , N(rpm) , P (hp) rotating at 380 rpm.
80 15. Compute the diameter of the shaft receiving power
from a driving motor that transmit 250 kW at 900 rpm.
LINE SHAFT (SS=6000psi)

16. Find the diameter of a lineshaft transmitting 200 hp at

N D3
P= , D(in) , N(rpm) , P (hp) 900 rpm.
53.5 17. A round shaft, made of cold-finished AISI 1020 steel, is
subjected to a variable torque whose maximum value is
SHORT SHAFT (SS=8500psi) 6283 in-lb. For N =1.5 on the Soderberg criterion,
determine the diameter if (a) the torque is reversed, (b)
N D3
P= , D(in) , N(rpm) , P (hp) the torque varies from zero to a maximum, (c) the
38 torque varies from 3141 in-lb to maximum. For AISI
SAMPLE PROBLEMS: 1020, cold-finished: Sys = 40 ksi, Sns = 20 ksi.
1. How much torque, in inch-lb can be safely transmitted
by a 1 7/16-inch diameter shaft if safe stress is 7000
psi?

2. A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m and an

outer diameter of 0.06 m. Compute the torque if the
shear stress is not to exceed 120 MPa.
3. A 2 in. solid shaft is driven by a 36 in. gear and transmit
power at 120 rpm. If allowable shearing stress is 12 ksi,
what horsepower can be transmitted?
4. It is desired to check the design of a 2-in medium steel
shaft subjected to a turning moment of 40000 in-lb.
Determine the factor of safety used in the design if the
ultimate stress if 50000 psi.
5. A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m and
outer diameter of 0.06 m. Determine the polar moment
of inertia.
6. A round steel shaft transmits 50 kW and rotates at 150
rad/s. Find the angle of twist for a 3 meters length shaft
if allowable shearing stress of 40 MPa and G=68 GPa

MEMD-413: Machine Design 1 | 2