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Se Dau Punctele A (1,3,4), B (1,4,3), C (5,2,1) - Calculati Produsele AB - AC, AB X AC, (AB, AC, BC)

1. The system of equations is solved, resulting in the solution set S={(z,z,z) | z in R} for the first system and S={(1,1,1)} for the second. 2. It is shown that the set B={u,v} is a basis for R2, and the coordinates of x=(2,5) in this basis B are found to be (-1,1). 3. It is shown that f,g,h are linearly dependent in R3, and the relation of dependence found is h=f+g.

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Andra Radu
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40 views4 pages

Se Dau Punctele A (1,3,4), B (1,4,3), C (5,2,1) - Calculati Produsele AB - AC, AB X AC, (AB, AC, BC)

1. The system of equations is solved, resulting in the solution set S={(z,z,z) | z in R} for the first system and S={(1,1,1)} for the second. 2. It is shown that the set B={u,v} is a basis for R2, and the coordinates of x=(2,5) in this basis B are found to be (-1,1). 3. It is shown that f,g,h are linearly dependent in R3, and the relation of dependence found is h=f+g.

Uploaded by

Andra Radu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Recapitulare

1. Rezolvati sistemele: a) x+2y-3z=0 ; 2x+3y-5z=0 ; 4x+5y-9z=0


b) x+3z=4 ; y+4z=5 ; 2x-y+z=2

2. Se dau u=(1,4) si v=(3,9) in R2. Aratati ca multimea B={ u, v } este baza in


R2 si gasiti coordonatele lui x=(2,5) in baza B.

3. Se dau elementele f=(1,0,5); g=(0,1,2); h=(1,1,7) in R3. Aratati ca f,g,h sunt


liniar dependenti in R3 si gasiti relatia de dependenta.

4. f:R2->R2, f(x,y)=(x+3y,2x+6y). Se cere Ker(f), Im(f) si valorile proprii.

5. Se dau punctele A(1,3,4), B(1,4,3), C(5,2,1) .


--> --> --> --> --> --> -->
Calculati produsele AB . AC, AB x AC, (AB,AC,BC)

6. Se da curba plana (C): x=t+3 ; y=(t2)+t+2


Scrieti ecuatia tangentei(T) si a normalei(N) si calculati curbura(K) in punctul
M( t=2 ) situat pe curba (C).
Rezolvare ex1. a) x+2y-3z=0 ; 2x+3y-5z=0 ; 4x+5y-9z=0
Aplicam metoda Gauss.

1 2 -3 | 0
2 3 -5 | 0 L2 => L2 – 2 L1
4 5 -9 | 0 L3 => L3 – 4 L1
-----------------------
1 2 -3 | 0
0 -1 1 | 0 L3 => L3 – 3 L2
0 -3 3 | 0
-----------------------
1 2 -3 | 0
0 -1 1 | 0
0 0 0 |0
-----------------------

Forma finala x+2y-3z=0 ; -y+z=0 => y=z si x=3z-2z=z si obtinem solutia sistemului
S={(z,z,z) | z in R}

b) x+3z=4 ; y+4z=5 ; 2x-y+z=2


Se aplica metoda substitutiei.

x= 4 - 3z ; y= 5 - 4z => 8- 6z - 5 +4z +z=2 => 3 - z= 2 =>z=1

x= 4 - 3z= 4 - 3=1 ; y= 1 . Solutia sistemului este S={(1,1,1)}

2. Se dau u=(1,4) si v=(3,9) in R2. Aratati ca multimea B={ u, v } este baza in


R2 si gasiti coordonatele lui x=(2,5) in baza B.

Rezolvare ex2. Deoarece dim(R2)= 2 rezulta ca orice baza in R2 are 2 elemente.

dim(R2)=2 |

B are 2 elemente | rezulta ca B este baza in R2 <=> det(A) # 0( diferit de 0).

det(A)=|1 4| =9 - 12= -3 #0, deci B este baza in R2.


|3 9|

Deoarece dim(R2)=2 rezulta ca x are 2 coordonate in baza B notate (a,b).

xB=(a,b) => a u + b v=x

a(1,4)+b(3,9)=(2,5) => (a,4a)+(3b,9b)=(2,5) de unde obtinem sistemul


a+3b=2 ; 4a+9b=5 cu solutia a= -1 ; b=1.

Coordonatele lui x=(2,5) in baza B sunt (-1, 1) si se verifica prin egalitatea -u+v=x
Rezolvare ex3. Folosim definitia sistemului liniar independent(SLI) adica:
Din relatia a. f +b. g +c. h=(0,0,0) rezulta a=b=c=0.

a.(1,0,5)+ b.(0,1,2)+ c.(1,1,7)=(0,0,0) si (a,0,5a)+(0,b,2b)+(c,c,7c)=(0,0,0) si


obtinem sistemul a+c=0 ; b+c=0 ; 5a+2b+7c=0.

Sistemul se rezolva prin metoda substitutiei.


a= -c si b= -c si inlocuim in a treia ecuatie avem -5c-2c+7c=0 adica 0=0 ceea ce
inseamna ca sistemul are o infinitate de solutii anume S={ (-c,-c,c)| c in R }.
Deci f,g,h sunt liniar dependenti si cautam relatia de depndenta.

Pentru acest lucru aleg o solutie nenula a sistemului punand c=1, a= -1 si b= -1.
Relatia de dependenta este -f-g+h=(0,0,0) care se scrie h=f+g si este usor de verificat.

Rezolvare ex4). f:R2->R2, f(x,y)=(x+3y,2x+6y). Se cere Ker(f), Im(f) si valorile proprii.


Pentru Ker(f) trebuie rezolvata egalitatea f(x,y)=(0,0) de unde obtinem
sistemul omogen x+3y=2x+6y=0 cu solutia S=Ker(f)={ (-3y,y) | y in R }.

Matricea lui f in baza canonica a lui R2 este A=(1 3)


2 6

Im(f) este inclusa in R2(codomeniul lui f), deci elementele sale au 2 componente.
(a,b) este in Im(f) daca sistemul A |a este compatibil.
|b

Aici se aplica metoda Gauss in felul urmator.

1 3 |a
2 6 |b L2 = L2 -2 L1
------------------
1 3|a

0 0 | b-2a

Conditiile de compatibilitate se gasesc daca exista linii nule in situatia finala de


mai sus. Cum L2 este nula obtin conditia de compatibilitate b-2a=0 => b=2a de
unde obtinem Im(f)={(a,2a) | a in R}.

Valorile proprii sunt solutiile reale ale ecuatiei det(A – x I2)=0

det(A- x I2)=|1-x 3 |=(1-x)(6-x)-6=x2 -7x


| 2 6-x|

Ecuatia de gradul al doilea x2 -7x=0 are solutiile x1=0 si x2=7


Valorile proprii sunt x1=0; x2=7
5. Se dau punctele A(1,3,4), B(1,4,3), C(5,2,1) .
--> --> --> --> --> --> -->
Calculati produsele AB . AC, AB x AC, (AB,AC,BC)

--> -> -> -> -> -> --> -> -> -> --> -> -> ->
Rezolvare ex5. AB=(1-1)i +(4-3)j +(3-4)k = j - k ; AC=4 i - j - 3k; BC=4 i - 2 j – 2 k
--> -->
AB . AC = -1+3=2

--> --> | i j k| -> -> -> --> --> --> | 0 1 -1|


AB x AC = |0 1 -1| = -4 i -4 j -4 k ; (AB,AC,BC)= | 4 -1 -3| = -12+8 - 4+8= 0
|4 -1 -3| | 4 -2 -2|

Rezolvare ex6. Se da curba plana (C): x=t+3 ; y=(t2)+t+2 si M(t=2)


Pentru coordonatele lui M dam valoarea t=2 in expresiile lui x,y din definitia
curbei (C).

x= t+3=2+3=5 ; y=(t2)+t+2 =8, deci M(5, 8)

Calculam derivatele x’=1 ; x’’=0 ; y’=2t+1 ; y’’=2


Inlocuim t=2 si obtin y’=5

Ecuatiile tangentei si normalei

x – x0 y – y0
(T):---------- = ---------- si (N): ( x – x0 )x’ + (y – y0)y’ =0
x’ y’

(x0 , y0) sunt coordonatele punctului M

x–5 y–8
(T):---------- = ---------- si (T): 5x-y-17=0
1 5

(N): (x-5)+5(y-8)=0 si (N): x+5y - 45=0

x’ y’’ – x’’ y’
Formula pentru curbura K = ----------------------------------
[ radical( (x’)2 + (y’)2 ) ]3

2 radical(26)
K= ------------------- = ------------------
26 radical(26) 338

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