CEF 352: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

ROOT OF POLYNOMIALS

QUESTION 1

Water is flowing in a trapezoidal channel at a rate of Q = 20 m3/s. The critical depth y for such
a channel must satisfy the equation where g = 9.81 m/s2, Ac = the cross-sectional
area (m2), and B =the width of the channel at the surface (m). For this case, the width and the
cross-sectional area can be related to depth y by
and
1- Solve for the critical depth using (a) bisection, and (b) false position.
Use initial guesses of xl = 0.5 and xu = 2.5, and iterate until the approximate error
falls below 1% or the number of iterations exceeds 10. Discuss your results.

QUESTION 2

You are designing a spherical tank as in the figure to hold water for your village.

1- Show that the volume of liquid it can hold can be computed as where
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V = volume [m ], h = depth of water in tank [m], and R = the tank radius [m].

2- If R = 3 m, to what depth must the tank be filled so that it holds 30 m3? Use the false-
position method to determine your answer. Determine the approximate relative error
after each iteration. Employ initial guesses of 0 and R.

QUESTION 3

The figure below shows a uniform beam subject to a linearly increasing distributed load (part a).
The equation for the resulting elastic curve is (see part b)

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 1- Use bisection to determine the point of maximum deflection (that is, the value of x
where ).
2- Substitute this value into y equation to determine the value of the maximum deflection.
Use the following parameter values in your simulation:

QUESTION 4

Use a root location technique to determine the maximum of ( ) .

Perform iterations until the approximate relative error falls below 1%.
1- If you use the Newton-Raphson or the modified secant method, use an initial guess of
xi = 1.
2- If you use the secant method, use initial guesses of xi−1 = 0 and xi = 1.
Assuming that convergence is not an issue, choose the technique that is best suited to
this problem. Justify your choice.

QUESTION 5

A total charge Q is uniformly distributed around a ring-shaped conductor with radius a. A

charge q is located at a distance x from the center of the ring (see Figure).
1- Prove that the force exerted on the charge by the ring is given by

Where e0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2/(Nm2).

2- Find the distance x where the force is 1 N if q
and Q are 2 × 10−5 C for a ring with a radius of
0.9 m.

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 QUESTION 6

The following figure shows a circuit with a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor in parallel.
1- Use Kirchhoff’s rules to show that the impedance of the system can be given as

Where Z = impedance ( ) and ω = the angular frequency.

2- Find the ω that results in an impedance of

using both bisection and false position with initial
guesses of 1 and 1000 for the following
parameters:
R = 225 , C = 0.6 × 10−6 F, and L = 0.5 H.
3- Determine how many iterations of each technique
are necessary to determine the answer to εs = 0.1%.

QUESTION 7

1- From the figure shown below, prove that the trajectory of a ball in the (x, y) coordinates
can be modelled as

2- Find the appropriate initial angle θ0, if the initial

velocity v0 = 20 m/s and the distance to the
catcher x is 35 m. Use Newton-Raphson Method
Note that the ball leaves the thrower’s hand at an
elevation of y0 = 2 m and the catcher receives it at 1
m. Express the final result in degrees.
Use a value of 9.81 m/s2 for g and employ the
graphical method to develop your initial guesses.

QUESTION 8

The pressure drop in a section of pipe can be calculated as

Where is the pressure drop (Pa), f = the friction factor, L the length of pipe [m], ρ = density
(kg/m3), V = velocity (m/s), and D = diameter (m).
For turbulent flow, the Colebrook equation provides a means to calculate the friction factor,
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where ε is the roughness (m), and the Reynolds number where μ =dynamic viscosity

(Ns/m2).

(a) Determine for a 0.2m-long horizontal stretch of smooth drawn tubing given ρ =
1.23 kg/m , μ = 1.79×10 N s/m2, D = 0.005 m, V = 40 m/s, and ε = 0.0015 mm. Use a numerical
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method of your choice to determine the friction factor.

Note that smooth pipes with Re < 105, a good initial guess can be obtained using the Blasius
formula: f = 0.316/Re0.25.

(b) Repeat the computation but for a rougher commercial steel pipe (ε = 0.045 mm).

QUESTION 9

The Redlich-Kwong equation of state is given by

where R is the universal gas constant, T the absolute temperature (K), p the absolute pressure
(KPa), and v the volume of a kg of gas (m3/kg). The parameters a and b are calculated by

where pc is the critical pressure (KPa) and Tc the critical temperature (K).
As a chemical engineer, you are asked to determine the amount of methane fuel
(pc = 4600 kPa and Tc = 191 K) that can be held in a 3m3 tank at a temperature of−40◦C with a
pressure of 65,000 kPa.
Use a Newton-Raphson root-locating method to calculate v and then determine the mass of
methane contained in the tank.

QUESTION 10

1- Using Kirchhoff’s second law, show that the algebraic sum of voltage drops around a closed
circuit is given by:

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An appropriate solution to this equation can be given as

Where at t = 0, q = q0 = V0C, and V0 = the voltage from the charging battery

2- Assuming that the charge must be dissipated to 1 percent of its original value (q/q0 =
0.01) in t = 0.05 s, with L = 5 H and C = 10−4 F use bisection method of your choice to
determine the proper resistor to dissipate energy at that specific rate.

3- Perform the same computation as in (2), but determine the value of C required for the
circuit to dissipate to 1% of its original value in t = 0.05 s, given , and L = 7.5 H.