There are three main points:
1. Insects are divided into 11 orders based on their physical characteristics and traits. The major orders discussed are mayflies, stoneflies, dragonflies, caddisflies, alderflies, true bugs, beetles, net-winged insects, and butterflies.
2. Insects have three main body regions - the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains sensory organs and mouthparts for feeding. The thorax contains legs for locomotion. The abdomen contains digestive and reproductive organs.
3. Key anatomical features of insects include antennae for sensing, compound eyes for vision, specialized mouthparts for feeding, three-segmented thoraxes
There are three main points:
1. Insects are divided into 11 orders based on their physical characteristics and traits. The major orders discussed are mayflies, stoneflies, dragonflies, caddisflies, alderflies, true bugs, beetles, net-winged insects, and butterflies.
2. Insects have three main body regions - the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains sensory organs and mouthparts for feeding. The thorax contains legs for locomotion. The abdomen contains digestive and reproductive organs.
3. Key anatomical features of insects include antennae for sensing, compound eyes for vision, specialized mouthparts for feeding, three-segmented thoraxes
There are three main points:
1. Insects are divided into 11 orders based on their physical characteristics and traits. The major orders discussed are mayflies, stoneflies, dragonflies, caddisflies, alderflies, true bugs, beetles, net-winged insects, and butterflies.
2. Insects have three main body regions - the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains sensory organs and mouthparts for feeding. The thorax contains legs for locomotion. The abdomen contains digestive and reproductive organs.
3. Key anatomical features of insects include antennae for sensing, compound eyes for vision, specialized mouthparts for feeding, three-segmented thoraxes
There are three main points:
1. Insects are divided into 11 orders based on their physical characteristics and traits. The major orders discussed are mayflies, stoneflies, dragonflies, caddisflies, alderflies, true bugs, beetles, net-winged insects, and butterflies.
2. Insects have three main body regions - the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains sensory organs and mouthparts for feeding. The thorax contains legs for locomotion. The abdomen contains digestive and reproductive organs.
3. Key anatomical features of insects include antennae for sensing, compound eyes for vision, specialized mouthparts for feeding, three-segmented thoraxes
Insecta BY:: DR.YUNI BY DR.YU NI KILAW KI LAWA ATI, S.Pi.,M. S. Pi.,M.Si Si
Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta 1. Or Orde derr Ephem Ephemer erop opte tera ra (ma (mayfl yflie ies) s) 2. Or Orde derr Plec Plecop opte tera ra (s (sto tone nefl flie ies) s) 3. Or Orde derr Odon Odonatata a (d (dra rago gon/ n/dadams msel elfl flie ies) s) 4. Or Orde derr Tri rich chop opte tera ra (c (cad addi disf sfli lies es)) 5. Or Orde derr Meg Megalalop opte tera ra (ald (alderf erfli lies es))
6. Or Orde derr Hemi Hemiptpter eraa (tru (true e bu bugsgs)) 7. Or Orde derr Cole Coleop opte terra (bee (beetltles es)) 8. Or Orde derr Neur Neurop opte terra (net (net-w -winingged) ed) 9. Or Orde derr Lepi Lepido dopt pter era a (But (Butte terfl rflie ies) s)
10. Ord 11. Ord Order er Collembola Order er Diptera Diptera Collembola (fli (flies esng (spring (spri and tailmidges) midg s) es) tails) .
(mayflies)
2.Order Plecoptera (stoneflies)
3.Order Odonata (dragon/damselflies)
4.Order Trichoptera (caddisflies)
5.Order Megaloptera (alderflies)
6.Order Hemiptera (true bugs)
7.Order Coleoptera (beetles)
8.Order Neuroptera (net-winged
insects)
9.Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies)
10.Order Diptera (flies and
midges)
11.Order Collembol Collembolaa (spring
tails)
There are more kinds of insects than
there are all other animal species all together There are could be 300 million times as many insects as humans on earth. Insects have a body that is divided into 3 parts (head, thorax and abdomen
External Anatomy Adult insects are known body for having three major regions, six legs, one pair of antennae and usually two pair of wings as adults.
head head thorax thorax abdomen abdomen
General anatomy, physiology, and
development of insects -- About 1 million species --12 aquatic/semiaquatic orders 3 distinct regions:
1) he head ad:: se sens nsory ory pe perc rcep epti tion on,, neur neural al integration, food gathering.
2) Thorax: lo loccom omo otion 3) Ab Abdo dome men: n: house housess v vis isce cera rall org organs ans (digestive, excretory, reproductive systems)
Head
Important external features:
features: 1) Antennae -- contain chemical, olfolfactory actory,, tactile, and auditory receptors.. Can also sense receptors sense vibrations. vibrations. 2) Compound eyes (vision/movement/color) (vision/movement/color) and dorsal ocelli (light detection). Many ins insects ects perceiv perceivee ultraviolet, ultraviolet, blue-green and red wavelengths. 3) Specialized mouth parts – food gathering, defense.
Head: Mouthparts
2 general types: 1) mandibulate: specialized for biting off and chewing food (mos (mostt nymphs) 2) haustellate: haustellate: specially adapt adapted ed for piercing piercing and sucking (e.g. mosquitoes and dipterans) dipterans)..
Two Examples of Mouthparts
chewing chewing piercing/sucking piercing/sucking Insect mouthparts are also highly modified for the insect. Chewing, biting, or sucking, are a few examples. Mouthparts of an immature insect may differ from those of the same insect in its adult stage.
Antennae beetle beetle butterfly butterfly fly fly ant ant
termite termite
beetle June beetle
Antennae are used by insects as major sensory
devices, especially for smell, and can be adaptive for the insect in many ways.
a) Capillaries are absent. Blood flows through hemocoelic spaces (bathes internal organs) b) Insect blood is relatively clear and contains hemocytes (analogous to WBC/ white blood cell ).
Excretory System
--Malpighian tubules (2-150): distal ends free in hemocoel.
-- Uric acid in hemolymph combines with potasium bicarbonate to form potassium acid urate. -- PAU taken up by Malpighian tubules, reabsorb Potassium
bicarb. – and excrete
excrete crystalline uric acid as a dry pellet.
•Sistem pernapasan terdiri dari kantung udara
dan tabung yang disebut tracheae. •Udara masuk ke tabung melalui serangkaian bukaan yang disebut spirakel yang ditemukan sepanjang sisi tubuh. •
spirakel otot dadaterbesar di manabiasanya ditemukan lebih besar pada dari sayap danotot- kaki membutuhkan lebih banyak oksigen. •spirakel tida tdp di kepala.
spiracles spiracles tracheal tubes tubes
Respiratory System
* Insects have 6 legs connected to the chest part. *Some insects insects legs legs are all the same si size. ze. Some insects insects have one pair of legs larger than the other two pairs. *A grasshopper has one pair of legs larger than the other two two pairs. These larger larger legs are used for jumping.
Longer back legs
* Insects eat a lot, so they grow very fast. As they grow
grow,, insects may molt and grow new exoskeletons, or they may change completely.
* A huge change in appearance is called
metamorphosis.
* There are two kinds of metamorphosis:
______________ and ______________. ______________.
Life Cycles
The many diverse orders of insects have four different types of life
cycles. These life cyc
cycles les are are called "metamorphosis" "metamorphosis" because of development.. the changes of shape that the insects undergo during development
egg egg Without Metamorphosis nymphs nymphs adult adult
Without meta
The first type is "without" metamorphosis which
the wingless primitive orders such as silverfish
(Thysanura) and springtails
The young resemble (Collembola) adults except for size. possess.
which is found among the aquatic insect orders such as mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and dragonflies (Odonata).
Metamorphosis Gradual Metamorphosis The third type is "gradual" metamorphosis seen in such orders
as the grasshoppers (Orthoptera), termites (Isoptera), thrips
(Thysanoptera), (Thysanopte ra), and true bugs (Hemiptera (Hemiptera). ). This life cycle starts as an egg, but each growth, or nymphal stage looks similar, except it lacks wings and the reproductive capacity that
the adult possesses. Gradual meta
egg egg nymphs nymphs adult adult
Complete Metamorphosi The fourth type is "complete" metamorphosis found in butterflies (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), and bees, wasps, wasps, and ants (Hymenoptera). (Hymenoptera). This life cycle has the four stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Each stage is quite distinct.
egg larvae pupa adult
Metamorphosis -Subclass Apterygota (ametamorphic) - Subclass Pterygota (2 jenis metamorfosis)
Exopterygotes - sayap eksternal berkembang pada tahap akhir nimfa - Mengalami metamorfosis sederhana atau tidak lengkap disebut hemimetabolous. - (mis. odonata, Hemiptera)
Endoterygotes - sayap internal berkembang selama tahap larva) - m'alami metamorfosis lengkap disebut holometabolous. (mis. Coleoptera, trichoptera, Diptera)
Metamorphosis 1) Hemimetabolous life cycle: includes 3 developmental stages – egg, nymph and adult. Most larva (except (except Plecoptera) Plecoptera) do do not resemble adults. Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers) Isoptera (termites) Dermaptera (earwigs) Psocoptera (booklice & barklice) Mallophaga (chewing lice) Anoplura (sucking lice) *Thysanoptera (thrips) Hemiptera (true bugs) Homoptera (cicadas, aphids, etc.)
3) Ametabolous life cycle A growth stage of certain
insects characterized by an increase in size without distinct external changes.
silverfish, firebrats, and springtails
Metamorphosis
* In complete metamorphosis metamorphosis,, insects like butterflies and moths have 4 stages of development.
*
The first stage makes an egg.
* During the second s
stage, tage, th the e egg hatches and a larva comes out. * A caterpillar is the larva of an an insect th that at will become a butterfly or a moth.
* During the third stage, a pupa is made.
* A pupa is sometimes wrapped in a cocoon or in
a Chrysalis. * A cocoon is the pupa of a silk. A cocoon is made of moth.
* A chrysalis iis s the pupa of a buterf buterfly ly..
* In the last stage, the insect is finally an adult.
* Incomplete metamorphosis happens in grasshoppers, termites,
and dragonflies.
* In incomplete look metamorphosis, metamorphosis like the adult , young animals that hatch from eggs. * As the young animals grow grow,, they keep molting, shedding their exoskeletons, and getting larger. larger.
* Mostinsects insects llive ive alon alone. e. But, s some ome ins insects ects are social and cannot survive alone.
* These insects live in colonies or hives.
hives. *A colony colony is a group of insects living together. together. The insect do differents job and are very organized
* An amazing example of a colony is a beehive.
* A beehive is very organized colonies of bees.
* All insects must protect themselves.
* Bees and wasps have stingers to protect themselves.
* Many other insects use camouflage.
* Camouflage allows an insect to hide by blending in with their environment
Aquatic Insects
10 aquatic orders: 5 have larvae that are almost entirely aquatic Ephemeroptera Odonata Plecoptera Trichoptera Megaloptera
